Oxidation stiffening of PDMS microposts

Extreme Mechanics Letters

Volumn 3, Issue , 2015, Pages 17-23

  Sim, Joo Yong ^a,b   Taylor, Rebecca E ^a   Larsen, Tom ^a   Pruitt, Beth L ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Mechanotransduction; Rigidity sensing; Traction force

Indexed keywords

CELL ADHESION; STIFFNESS; TRACTION (FRICTION);

CELLULAR TRACTION; CORRECTION FACTORS; DIRECT MEASUREMENT; MECHANO-BIOLOGY; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; STIFFNESS CHANGES; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; TRACTION FORCES;

OXIDATION;

EID: 84930216279     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23524316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2015.02.003     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Wozniak M.A., Chen C.S. Mechanotransduction in development: a growing role for contractility. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2009, 10:34-43. 10.1038/nrm2592.
2. Schoen I., Pruitt B.L., Vogel V. The Yin-Yang of rigidity sensing: how forces and mechanical properties regulate the cellular response to materials. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 2013, 43:589-618. 10.1146/annurev-matsci-062910-100407.
3. Halder G., Dupont S., Piccolo S. Transduction of mechanical and cytoskeletal cues by YAP and TAZ. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2012, 13:591-600. 10.1038/nrm3416.
4. Huh D., Matthews B.D., Mammoto A., Montoya-Zavala M., Hsin H.Y., Ingber D.E. Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip. Science 2010, 328:1662-1668. 10.1126/science.1188302.
5. Engler A.J., Sen S., Sweeney H.L., Discher D.E. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell 2006, 126:677-689. 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044.
6. Fu J., Wang Y.-K., Yang M.T., Desai R.A., Yu X., Liu Z., et al. Mechanical regulation of cell function with geometrically modulated elastomeric substrates. Nat. Methods 2010, 7:733-736. 10.1038/nmeth.1487.
7. Théry M. Micropatterning as a tool to decipher cell morphogenesis and functions. J. Cell Sci. 2010, 123:4201-4213. 10.1242/jcs.075150.
8. Gomez E.W., Chen Q.K., Gjorevski N., Nelson C.M. Tissue geometry patterns epithelial-mesenchymal transition via intercellular mechanotransduction. J. Cell. Biochem. 2010, 110:44-51. 10.1002/jcb.22545.
9. Lo C.-M., Wang H.-B., Dembo M., Wang Y. Cell movement is guided by the rigidity of the substrate. Biophys. J. 2000, 79:144-152. 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76279-5.
10. Tan J.L., Tien J., Pirone D.M., Gray D.S., Bhadriraju K., Chen C.S. Cells lying on a bed of microneedles: an approach to isolate mechanical force. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2003, 100:1484-1489. 10.1073/pnas.0235407100.
11. Schoen I., Hu W., Klotzsch E., Vogel V. Probing cellular traction forces by micropillar arrays: contribution of substrate warping to pillar deflection. Nano Lett. 2010, 10:1823-1830. 10.1021/nl100533c.
12. Lin I.-K., Liao Y.-M., Liu Y., Ou K.-S., Chen K.-S., Zhang X. Viscoelastic mechanical behavior of soft microcantilever-based force sensors. Applied Physics Letters 2008, 93:251907. 10.1063/1.3056114.
13. Q. Cheng, M. Almasri, Z. Sun, G.A. Meininger, Micropost array for force mapping of vascular smooth muscle cells, in: 2010 IEEE Sens., 2010, pp. 1583-1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2010.5690288.
14. Tymchenko N., Wallentin J., Petronis S., Bjursten L.M., Kasemo B., Gold J. A novel cell force sensor for quantification of traction during cell spreading and contact guidance. Biophys. J. 2007, 93:335-345. 10.1529/biophysj.106.093302.
15. Kim K., Taylor R., Sim J.Y., Park S.-J., Norman J., Fajardo G., et al. Calibrated micropost arrays for biomechanical characterisation of cardiomyocytes. IET Micro Nano Lett. 2011, 6:317-322. 10.1049/mnl.2011.0031.
16. Taylor R.E., Kim K., Sun N., Park S.-J., Sim J.Y., Fajardo G., et al. Sacrificial layer technique for axial force post assay of immature cardiomyocytes. Biomed. Microdevices 2013, 15:171-181. 10.1007/s10544-012-9710-3.
17. Yang M.T., Fu J., Wang Y.-K., Desai R.A., Chen C.S. Assaying stem cell mechanobiology on microfabricated elastomeric substrates with geometrically modulated rigidity. Nature protocols 2011, 6:187-213. 10.1038/nprot.2010.189.
18. Wipff P.-J., Majd H., Acharya C., Buscemi L., Meister J.-J., Hinz B. The covalent attachment of adhesion molecules to silicone membranes for cell stretching applications. Biomaterials 2009, 30:1781-1789. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.022.
19. Eon D., de Poucques L., Peignon M.C., Cardinaud C., Turban G., Tserepi A., et al. Surface modification of Si-containing polymers during etching for bilayer lithography. Microelectron. Eng. 2002, 61-62:901-906. 10.1016/S0167-9317(02)00482-3.
20. Bowden N., Huck W.T.S., Paul K.E., Whitesides G.M. The controlled formation of ordered, sinusoidal structures by plasma oxidation of an elastomeric polymer. Applied Physics Letters 1999, 75:2557-2559. 10.1063/1.125076.
21. Béfahy S., Lipnik P., Pardoen T., Nascimento C., Patris B., Bertrand P., et al. Thickness and elastic modulus of plasma treated PDMS silica-like surface layer. Langmuir 2010, 26:3372-3375. 10.1021/la903154y.
22. Bartalena G., Loosli Y., Zambelli T., Snedeker J.G. Biomaterial surface modifications can dominate cell-substrate mechanics: the impact of PDMS plasma treatment on a quantitative assay of cell stiffness. Soft Matter 2011, 8:673-681. 10.1039/C1SM06250F.
23. Stafford C.M., Harrison C., Beers K.L., Karim A., Amis E.J., VanLandingham M.R., et al. A buckling-based metrology for measuring the elastic moduli of polymeric thin films. Nature Materials 2004, 3:545-550. 10.1038/nmat1175.
24. Wang S., Song J., Kim D.-H., Huang Y., Rogers J.A. Local versus global buckling of thin films on elastomeric substrates. Applied Physics Letters 2008, 93:023126. 10.1063/1.2956402.
25. Genzer J., Groenewold J. Soft matter with hard skin: from skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization. Soft Matter 2006, 2:310-323. 10.1039/B516741H.
26. Moon M.-W., Vaziri A. Surface modification of polymers using a multi-step plasma treatment. Scr. Mater. 2009, 60:44-47. 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.08.038.
27. Cheng Q., Sun Z., Meininger G., Almasri M. PDMS elastic micropost arrays for studying vascular smooth muscle cells. Sensors Actuators B 2013, 188:1055-1063. 10.1016/j.snb.2013.08.018.
28. Lacour S.P., Jones J., Wagner S., Li T., Suo Z. Stretchable interconnects for elastic electronic surfaces. Proc. IEEE 2005, 93:1459-1467. 10.1109/JPROC.2005.851502.
29. Cowper G.R. The shear coefficient in Timoshenko's beam theory. J. Appl. Mech. 1966, 33:335-340. 10.1115/1.3625046.
30. Deal B.E., Grove A.S. General relationship for the thermal oxidation of silicon. Journal of Applied Physics 2004, 36:3770-3778. 10.1063/1.1713945.
31. Mata A., Fleischman A.J., Roy S. Characterization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) properties for biomedical micro/nanosystems. Biomed. Microdevices 2005, 7:281-293. 10.1007/s10544-005-6070-2.
32. Fayolle B., Colin X., Audouin L., Verdu J. Relating kinetic models to embrittlement in polymer oxidative ageing. Polym. Degrad. Perform. 2009, 135-146. American Chemical Society, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1004.ch012 (accessed January 3, 2015).
33. Tomer N.S. Oxidation, chain scission and cross-linking studies of polysiloxanes upon ageings. Open J. Org. Polym. Mater. 2012, 02:13-22. 10.4236/ojopm.2012.22003.
34. Ye H., Gu Z., Gracias D.H. Kinetics of ultraviolet and plasma surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) probed by sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy. Langmuir 2006, 22:1863-1868. 10.1021/la052030r.
35. Mani S., Saif T.M. Mechanism of controlled crack formation in thin-film dielectrics. Applied Physics Letters 2005, 86:201903. 10.1063/1.1927267.
36. Alford P.W., Feinberg A.W., Sheehy S.P., Parker K.K. Biohybrid thin films for measuring contractility in engineered cardiovascular muscle. Biomaterials 2010, 31:3613-3621. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.079.
37. Grosberg A., Alford P.W., McCain M.L., Parker K.K. Ensembles of engineered cardiac tissues for physiological and pharmacological study: heart on a chip. Lab Chip 2011, 11:4165-4173. 10.1039/C1LC20557A.
38. McCain M.L., Parker K.K. Mechanotransduction: the role of mechanical stress, myocyte shape, and cytoskeletal architecture on cardiac function. Pflugers Arch. 2011, 462:89-104. 10.1007/s00424-011-0951-4.
39. Rabodzey A., Alcaide P., Luscinskas F.W., Ladoux B. Mechanical forces induced by the transendothelial migration of human neutrophils. Biophys. J. 2008, 95:1428-1438. 10.1529/biophysj.107.119156.
40. Wang J.H.-C., Thampatty B.P. An introductory review of cell mechanobiology. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 2006, 5:1-16. 10.1007/s10237-005-0012-z.