Surface cleaning and passivation using (NH4)2S treatment for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells: A safe alternative to KCN

Advanced Energy Materials

Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2015, Pages

  Buffière, Marie ^a   Mel, Abdel Aziz El ^c   Lenaers, Nick ^b   Brammertz, Guy ^d,e   Zaghi, Armin E ^a,b   Meuris, Marc ^d,e   Poortmans, Jef ^a  

^a IMEC   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES   (France)

^d HASSELT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^e HASSELT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

alternative selective etchants; chemical etching; secondary phases; solar cells; thin films

Indexed keywords

CHARGE CARRIERS; COPPER COMPOUNDS; ETCHING; PASSIVATION; SOLAR CELLS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS; SURFACE CLEANING; THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS; THIN FILMS;

ALTERNATIVE SELECTIVE ETCHANTS; CHEMICAL ETCHING; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE; MINORITY CARRIER LIFETIMES; REFERENCE SOLUTION; SECONDARY PHASIS; SURFACE CHEMICAL STATE;

SELENIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84925435355     PISSN: 16146832     EISSN: 16146840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201401689     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. P. Jackson, D. Hariskos, E. Lotter, S. Paetel, R. Wuerz, R. Menner, W. Wischmann, M. Powalla, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2011, 19, 894.
2. B. Bob, B. Lei, C.-H. Chung, W. Yang, W.-C. Hsu, H.-S. Duan, W. Wei-Jen Hou, S.-H. Li, Y. Yang, Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 504.
3. Q. Cao, O. Gunawan, M. Copel, K. B. Reuter, S. J. Chey, V. R. Deline, D. B. Mitzi, Adv. Energy Mater. 2011, 1, 845.
4. E. Leonard, L. Arzel, M. Tomassini, P. Zabierowski, D. Fuertes Marrõn, N. Barreau, J. Appl. Phys. 2014, 116, 074512.
5. D. Herrmann, P. Kratzert, S. Weeke, M. Zimmer, J. Djordjevic-Reiss, R. Hunger, L. Bach, P. Lindberg, E. Wallin, O. Lundberg, L. Stolt, presented at the 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Denver, June 2014.
6. T. Nakada, A. Kunioka, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 74, 2444.
7. T. Minemoto, T. Matsui, H. Takakura, Y. Hamakawa, T. Negami, Y. Hashimoto, T. Uenoyama, M. Kitagawa, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2001, 67, 83.
8. M. Buffière, S. Harel, C. Guillot-Deudon, L. Arzel, N. Barreau, J. Kessler, Phys. Status Solidi A 2014, DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201431388.
9. U. Rau, M. Schmidt, Thin Solid Films 2001, 387, 141.
10. M. Buffière, N. Barreau, L. Arzel, P. Zabierowski, J. Kessler, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2014, DOI: 10.1002/pip.2451.
11. I. Repins, M. Contreras, B. Egaas, C. DeHart, J. Scharf, C. L. Perkins, B. To, R. Noufi, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2008, 16, 235.
12. K. Ramanathan, H. Wiesner, S. Asher, D. Niles, R. N. Bhattacharya, J. Keane, M. A. Contreras, R. Noufi, in Proc. 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, European Commission, Vienna July 1998, pp. 477-481.
13. K. Ramanathan, F. S. Hasoon, S. Smith, D. L. Young, M. A. Contreras, P. K. Johnson, A. O. Pudov, J. R. Sites, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2003, 64, 1495.
14. T. Wada, Y. Hashimoto, S. Nishiwaki, T. Sato, S. Hayashi, T. Negami, H. Miyake, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2001, 67, 305.
15. T. Nakada, K. Matsumoto, M. Okumura, in Proc. 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, IEEE, New Orleans May 2002, pp. 527-530.
16. T. Nakada, H. Ohbo, T. Watanabe, H. Nakazawa, M. Matsui, A. Kunioka, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1997, 49, 285.
17. U. Rau, D. Braunger, R. Herberholz, H. W. Schock, J.-F. Guillemoles, L. Kronik, D. Cahen, J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 86, 497.
18. C. Heske, G. Richter, Z. Chen, R. Fink, E. Umbach, W. Riedl, F. Karg, J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 82, 2411.
19. L. Kronik, D. Cahen, H. W. Schock, Adv. Mater. 1998, 10, 31.
20. M. Bodegard, L. Stolt, J. Hedstrom, in Proc. 12th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, WIP Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur GmbH & Co Planungs KG: Amsterdam 1994, p. 1743.
21. J. Kessler, K. O. Vethaus, M. Ruckh, R. Leichinger, H. W. Schock, D. Lincot, R. Ortega, J. Vedel, in Proc. 6th Int. Phot. Science and Engineering Conf., IBH Publishing, New Delhi 1992, p. 1105.
22. S. Siebentritt, S. Schorr, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2012, 20, 512.
23. J. K. Larsen, L. Gütay, S. Siebentritt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98, 201910.
24. K. Sakurai, R. Hunger, R. Scheer, C. A. Kaufmann, A. Yamada, T. Baba, Y. Kimura, K. Matsubara, P. Fons, H. Nakanishi, S. Niki, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2004, 12, 219.
25. K. Ramanathan, M. Contreras, C. L. Perkins, S. Asher, F. S. Hasoon, J. Keane, D. Young, M. Romero, W. Metzger, R. Noufi, J. Ward, A. Duda, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2003, 11, 225.
26. T.-P. Hsieh, C.-C. Chuang, C.-S. Wu, J.-C. Chang, J.-W. Guo, W.-C. Chen, Solid-State Electron. 2011, 56, 175.
27. Y. Hashimoto, N. Kohara, T. Negami, M. Nishitani, T. Wada, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1996, 35, 4760.
28. H. Marko, L. Arzel, A. Darga, N. Barreau, S. Noël, D. Mencaraglia, J. Kessler, Thin Solid Films 2011, 519, 7228.
29. Z. Djebbour, A. Dubois, S. O. Saad, D. Mencaraglia, B. Canava, A. Etcheberry, J. Vigneron, J. F. Guillemoles, D. Lincot, M. Deleplanque, in Proc. 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, WCPEC-3, Osaka, May 2003, pp. 388-391.
30. J. Kois, S. Bereznev, O. Volobujeva, E. Mellikov, Thin Solid Films 2007, 515, 5871.
31. WPA. Yamada, H. Miyazaki, R. Mikami, M. Konagai, in Proc. 3rd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion, WCPEC-3, Osaka May 2003, pp. 2859-2863.
32. A. Kapila, V. Malhotra, in Proc. 3rd Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, IEEE, Osaka December 1996, pp. 275-282.
33. H. Oigawa, J.-F. Fan, Y. Nannichi, H. Sugahara, M. Oshima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1991, 80, L322.
34. A. Osinsky, Y. Qiu, J. Mahan, H. Temkin, S. A. Gurevich, S. I. Nesterov, E. M. Tanklevskaia, V. Tretyakov, O. A. Lavrova, V. I. Skopina, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71, 509.
35. K. D. Bomben, J. F. Moulder, P. E. Sobol, W. F. Stickle, Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. A Reference Book of Standard Spectra for Identification and Interpretation of XPS Data, Physical Electronics, Eden Prairie, MN 1995.
36. D. Cahen, P. J. Ireland, L. L. Kazmerski, F. A. Thiel, J. Appl. Phys. 1985, 57, 4761.
37. U. Weser, G. Sokolowski, W. Pilz, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1977, 10, 429.
38. M. Shenasa, S. Sainkar, D. Lichtman, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 1986, 40, 329.
39. T. Ueno, A. Odajima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1982, 21, 230.
40. R. Scheer, H. J. Lewerenz, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1994, 12, 56.
41. W. K. Metzger, I. L. Repins, M. Romero, P. Dippo, M. Contreras, R. Noufi, D. Levi, Thin Solid Films 2009, 517, 2360.
42. J. Kessler, C. Chityuttakan, J. Lu, J. Schöldström, L. Stolt, Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 2003, 11, 319.