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Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 31-36

Effects of sodium on polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and its solar cell performance

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FILM GROWTH; FILM PREPARATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SODIUM; SOLAR CELLS; SUBSTRATES; THERMAL EFFECTS; THIN FILM DEVICES;

EID: 0032472117     PISSN: 09359648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199801)10:1<31::aid-adma31>3.0.co;2-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (330)

References (55)
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    • note
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    • 2 and, in CIGS, Ga oxides, may also form.
    • (1996)
    • Ruckh, M.1
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    • 3042958269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • II state is extremely rare), was suggested, because the surfaces of photovoltaic cell quality films are always Cu-poor. also for films with stoichiometric bulk composition. Here, a more general approach is used in order to make the model valid for any film stoichiometry.
  • 23
    • 0018877130 scopus 로고
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    • A. K. Ghosh, C. Fishman, T. Feng, J. Appl. Phys. 1980, 51, 446, R. A. Sasala, J. R. Sites, Sol. Cells 1991, 30, 101. J. R. Sites, in Proc. 20th IEEE Photovollaics Specialists Conf, IEEE, New York 1988, p. 1604. P. H. Mauk, H. Tavakolian, J. R. Sites, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 1990, 37, 422.
    • (1991) Sol. Cells , vol.30 , pp. 101
    • Sasala, R.A.1    Sites, J.R.2
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    • A. K. Ghosh, C. Fishman, T. Feng, J. Appl. Phys. 1980, 51, 446, R. A. Sasala, J. R. Sites, Sol. Cells 1991, 30, 101. J. R. Sites, in Proc. 20th IEEE Photovollaics Specialists Conf, IEEE, New York 1988, p. 1604. P. H. Mauk, H. Tavakolian, J. R. Sites, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 1990, 37, 422.
    • (1988) Proc. 20th IEEE Photovollaics Specialists Conf , pp. 1604
    • Sites, J.R.1
  • 26
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    • A. K. Ghosh, C. Fishman, T. Feng, J. Appl. Phys. 1980, 51, 446, R. A. Sasala, J. R. Sites, Sol. Cells 1991, 30, 101. J. R. Sites, in Proc. 20th IEEE Photovollaics Specialists Conf, IEEE, New York 1988, p. 1604. P. H. Mauk, H. Tavakolian, J. R. Sites, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 1990, 37, 422.
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    • Mauk, P.H.1    Tavakolian, H.2    Sites, J.R.3
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    • In view of the p-type character of nearly all of the grain volume (except for the very surface, see D. Schmid, M. Ruckh, F. Grunwald, H. W. Schock, J. Appl. Phys. 1993, 73, 2092), surface segregation of Na ions during growth of photovoltaic quality films is unlikely as it would be opposed by the internal electric field.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.73 , pp. 2092
    • Schmid, D.1    Ruckh, M.2    Grunwald, F.3    Schock, H.W.4
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    • The effective electron affinity is defined as the overall energy barrier that a surface conduction-band electron must overcome in order to be emitted into the vacuum, including any surface dipole contributions, which are not included in the ideal electron affinity (see, e.g., E. Fefer, L. Kronik, M. Leibovitch, Y. Shapira, W. Riedl, Appl. Surf. Sci. 1996, 104/105, 61). The In-O-related surface dipole is explicitly shown on the right-hand side of Figure 1 (bottom). For simplicity, no dipole contribution is shown on the left-hand side.
    • (1996) Appl. Surf. Sci. , vol.104-105 , pp. 61
    • Fefer, E.1    Kronik, L.2    Leibovitch, M.3    Shapira, Y.4    Riedl, W.5


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