International management ethics: A critical, cross-cultural perspective

International Management Ethics: A Critical, Cross-Cultural Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-300

  Jackson, Terence ^a  

^a MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924492330     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511975585     Document Type: Book

References (332)

1. Abratt, R., Nel, D. and Higgs, N. S. (1992) An examination of the ethical beliefs of managers using selected scenarios in a cross-cultural environment, Journal of Business Ethics 11:29-35.
2. Abudu, F. (1986) Work attitudes of Africans, with special reference to Nigeria, International Studies of Management and Organization 16(2): 17-36.
3. Abuznaid, S. (2006) Islam and management: what can be learned? Thunderbird International Business Review 48(1): 125-39.
4. Acar, M. (2009) Towards a synthesis of Islam and the market economy? The Justice and Democracy Party’s economic reforms in Turkey, Economic Affairs 29(2): 16-21.
5. Agbese, P. O. (1994) The state versus human rights advocates in Africa: the case ofNigeria, in E. McCarthy-Arnolds, D. Penna and J. Cruz Sobrepena (eds.) Africa, Human Rights and the Global System, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
6. Ahluwalia, P. (2001) Politics and Post-Colonial Theory: African Inflections, London: Routledge.
7. Alderson, S. and Kakabadse, A. (1994) Business ethics and Irish management: a crosscultural study, European Management Journal 12(4): 432-40.
8. Ali, A. J. (1995) Cultural discontinuity and Arab management thought, International Studies of Management and Organization 25(3): 7-30.
9. Ali, A. J. (2005) Islamic Perspectives on Management and Organization, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
10. Ali, A. J., Taqi, A. and Krishnan, K. (1997) Individualism, collectivism, and decision styles of managers in Kuwait, Journal of Social Psychology 137(5): 629-37.
11. Ali, T. (2002) The Clash of Fundamentalism: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity, London: Verso.
12. Al-Kazemi, A. and Ali, A. J. (2002).Managerial problems in Kuwait, Journal of Management Development 21(5): 366-75.
13. Amnesty International (1991) Protecting Human Rights, London: Amnesty International.
14. Annan, K. (1999) Business and the UN: a global compact of shared values and principles, World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, and reprinted in Vital Speeches of the Day 65(9): 260-1.
15. An-Na’im, A. A. and Deng, F. (1990) (eds.) Human Rights in Africa: A Cross-cultural Perspective, Washington DC: Brooking Institute.
16. Ansari, M. A., Ahmad, Z. A. and Aafaqi, R. (2004) Organizational leadership in the Malaysian context. In D. Tjosvold and K. Leung (eds.), Leading in High Growth Asia: Managing Relationships for Teamwork and Change, Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 109-38.
17. Apressyan, R. G. (1997) Business ethics in Russia, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 16: 1561-70.
18. Argyle, M. (1967) The Psychology ofInterpersonal Behaviour, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
19. Argyris, C. (1992) On Organizational Learning, Oxford/Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
20. Aristotle (1953) Ethics: TheNicomachean Ethics (trans. J. A. K. Thomson), Harmondsworth: Penguin.
21. Avtonomov, V. (2006) Balancing state, market and social justice: Russian experience and lessons to learn, Journal of Business Ethics 66: 3-9.
22. Aycan, Z. (2006) Paternalism: towards conceptual refinement and operationalization. In K. S. Yang, K. K. Hwang and U. Kim (eds.) Scientific Advances in IndigenousPsychologies: Empirical, Philosophical and Cultural Contributions, Cambridge University Press, pp. 445-66.
23. Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N. and Sinha, J. B. P. (1999). Organizational culture and human resource management practice: the model of cultural fit, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 30 (4): 501-26.
24. Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., Mendonca, M. et al. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: a ten country comparison, Applied Psychology: An International Review 49(1): 192-220.
25. Ayittey, G. B. N. (1991) Indigenous African Institutions, New York: Transnational Publishers.
26. Bae, K. and Chung, C. (1997) Cultural values and work attitudes of Korean industrial workers in comparison with those of the United States and Japan, Work and Occupations24(1): 80-96.
27. Barratt Brown, M. (1995) Africa’s Choices: After Thirty Years of the World Bank, London: Penguin.
28. BBC News (2004) Q&A: Turkey and the EU, accessed from http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/Europe/3682828.stm, on 13/06/09.
29. Beals, R. (1953) Acculturation. In A. L. Kroebner (ed.)Anthropology Today, University of Chicago Press.
30. Beaty, D. T. (1998) Colgate Palmolive in post-apartheid South Africa, reprinted in G. Oddou and M. Mendenhall, Cases in International Organizational Behavior, Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 136-42.
31. Becker, H. and Fritzsche, D. J. (1987) Business ethics: a cross-cultural comparison of managers’ attitudes, Journal of Business Ethics 6: 289-95.
32. Beekun, I. R. and Badawi, J. A. (2005) Balancing ethical responsibility among multiple organizational stakeholders: the Islamic perspective, Journal of Business Ethics 60: 131-45.
33. Begley, T. (1998) Chang Koh Metal Ptd Ltd in China. In G. Oddou and M. Mendenhall, Cases in International Organizational Behavior, Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 151-4.
34. Beinart, W. (1994) Twentieth Century South Africa, Oxford University Press.
35. Berger, P. L. and Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction ofReality, New York: Doubleday.
36. Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Degall, M. H. and Dasen, P. R. (1992) Cross-cultural Psychology: Research and Applications, New York: Cambridge University Press.
37. Beschorner, T. (2006) Ethical theory and business practices: the case of discourse ethics, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 66: 127-39.
38. Bhabha, H. K. (1994) TheLocation ofCulture, New York: Routledge.
39. Biko, S. (1984) Some African cultural concepts, in Frank Talk 1(4): 29-31, and reprinted in P. H. Coetzee and A. P. J. Roux (eds.) (1998) Philosophyfor Africa: A Text with Readings, Johannesburg: International Thomson Publishing, ch. 2, pp. 26-30.
40. Bilimoria, P. (1993) Indian ethics. In P. Singer (ed.) A Companion to Ethics, Oxford: Blackwell, ch. 4, pp. 43-57.
41. Binet, J. (1970) Psychologie Economique Africaine, Paris: Payot.
42. Bird, F. B. (1996) The Muted Conscience: Moral Silence and the Practice ofEthics in Business, Stamford, CT: Quorum.
43. Blanchard, K. and Peale, N. V. (1988) The Power ofEthical Management, New York: Cedar/Heinemann.
44. Blunt, P. and Jones, M. L. (1992) Managing Organizations in Africa, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
45. Blunt, P. and Jones, M. L. (1997) Exploring the limits of Western leadership theory in East Asia and Africa, Personnel Review 26(1/2): 6-23.
46. Bond, M. H., Fu, P. P. and Pasa, S. F. (2001) A declaration of independence for editing an International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 1(1): 24-30.
47. Boyacigiller, N. A. and Adler, N. J. (1991) Theparochial dinosaur: organizational science in a global context, Academy of Management Review 16(2): 262-90.
48. Boyatzis, R. E. (1982) The CompetentManager, New York: John Wiley.
49. Brady, F. N. (1990) Ethical Management: Rules and Results, London: Macmillan.
50. Briggs, J. and Sharpe, J. (2004) Indigenous knowledge and development: a postcolonial caution, Third World Quarterly 25 (4): 661-76.
51. Budhwar, P. S. (2001) HRM in India. In P. S. Budhwar and Y. A. Debrah, Human Resource Management in Developing Countries, London: Routledge, ch. 5, pp. 75-90.
52. Business Week (2005) Commentary: The Real Scandal at Volkswagen, 18 July 2005, www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_29/b3943064_mz054.htm, accessed 23/06/09.
53. Cam, S. (2002) Neo-liberalism and labour within the context of an ‘emerging market’ economy: Turkey, Capital and Class 77: 89-114.
54. Campbell, H. (2008) China in Africa: challenging US global hegemony, Third World Quarterly29(1): 89-105.
55. Carlin, W. B. and Strong, K. C. (1995) A critique ofWestern philosophical ethics: multidisciplinary alternatives for framing ethical dilemmas, Journal of Business Ethics 14: 387-96.
56. Carlsson, J. (1998) Organization and leadership in Africa. In L. Wohlgemuth, J. Carlsson and H. Kifle (eds.) Institution Buildingand Leadership inAfrica, Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, pp. 13-32.
57. Carroll, S. J. and Gannon, M. J. (1997) Ethical Dimensions of International Management, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
58. Castellino, J. (2009) The End ofthe Liberal State and the First Terrorist, London: Middlesex University Press.
59. CCC (Chinese Cultural Connection) (1987) Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 18: 143-64.
60. Centre for Chinese Studies (2008) TheChinaMonitorIssue28: China’sDevelopmentAssistance to Africa, April, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, www.ccs.org.za/downloads/monitors/China%20Monitor%20April_2008.pdf, accessed 15/06/09.
61. Chakraborty, S. K. (1995) Ethics in Management: Vedantic Perspectives, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
62. Chan, G. (2008) The relevance and value of Confucianism in contemporary business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 77(3): 347-60.
63. Chan, R. Y. K., Cheng, L. T. W. and Szeto R. W. F. (2002) The dynamics of guanxi and ethics for Chinese executives, Journal of Business Ethics 41(4): 327-36.
64. Chatterjee, P. (1986) Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, London: Zed Books.
65. Chatterjee, P. (1993) The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton University Press.
66. Cheung, C.-K. and Chan, A. C.-F. (2005) Philosophical foundations of eminent Hong Kong Chinese CEOs’ leadership. Journal of Business Ethics 60(1): 47-62.
67. Child, J. (1994) Management in China During the Age of Reform, Cambridge University Press.
68. Chomsky, N. (2003) Hegemony or Survival: America’s Questfor Global Dominance, London: Penguin.
69. Christie, P. M. J., Kwon, I. G., Stoeberl, P. A. and Baumhart, R. (2003) A cross-cultural comparison of ethical attitudes of business managers: India, Korea and the United States, Journal of Business Ethics 46(3): 263-87.
70. Cicourel, A. V. (1964) Methods and Measurement in Sociology, New York: The Free Press.
71. Clarke, S. and Pringle, T. (2008) Trade unions in Russia, China and Vietnam: from governmental to non-governmental public actors, NGPA Working Paper Series, No. 22, London: LSE/ESRC, www.lse.ac.uk/collections/NGPA/publications/WP22_GovtoNonGov_ Clark_Web.pdf, accessed 08/07/09.
72. Clegg, S. and Kono, T (2002) Trends in Japanese management: an overview of embedded continuities and disembedded discontinuities, Asia Pacific Journal of Management 19:269-85.
73. Colella, A., Garcia, F., Reidel, L. and Triana, M. (2005) Paternalism: ‘hidden’ discrimination. Paper presented at the meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, Hawaii.
74. Coleman, I. (2006) Women, Islam, and the new Iraq, Foreign Affairs 85(1): 24-38.
75. Cooke, B. and Kothari, U. (2001) Participation: The New Tyranny? London: Zed Books.
76. Cortina, A. (1998) Business ethics in the Catholic value system: the Spanish case. In Kumar and Steinmann (eds.).
77. Cortina, A. (2008) European economic ethics research: a diagnosis, Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik 9(1): 10-25.
78. Crane, A. and Matten, D. (2004) Business Ethics, Oxford University Press.
79. Cray, D. and Mallory, G. R. (1998) MakingSense ofManagingCulture, London: Thomson.
80. Cyr, D. J. and Schneider, S. C. (1998) Creating a learning organization through HRM: a German-Czech joint venture, INSEAD case collection, and reproduced as ch. 17 in G. Oddou and M. Mendenhall (eds.) (1998) Cases in International Organizational Behaviour, Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 197-210.
81. Dahl, R. A. (1957) The concept ofpower, Behavioural Science 2: 201-18.
82. Darwish, Y. (2000) Organizational commitment as a mediator of the relationship between Islamic work ethic and attitudes toward organizational change, Human Relations 35(4): 513-37.
83. de Sardan, J. P. O. (1999) A moral economy of corruption in Africa? The Journal ofModern African Studies 37(1): 25-52.
84. Decalo, S. (1992) Theprocess, prospects andconstraints ofdemocratization in Africa, African Affairs 91(362): 7-35.
85. Deegan, H. (2009) Africa Today: Culture, Economics, Religion, Security, London: Routledge.
86. Demenchono, E. (2009) The universal concept ofhuman rights as a regulative principle: freedom versus paternalism, American Journal of Economics and Sociology 68(1): 273-301.
87. Dia, M. (1996) Africa’s Management in the 1990s and Beyond, Washington DC: World Bank.
88. Dobbs-Higginson, M. S. (1993) Asia Pacific: Its Role in the New World Disorder, London: Mandarin.
89. Dolecheck, M. and Dolecheck, C. (1987) Business ethics: a comparison of attitudes of managers in Hong Kong and the United States, Hong Kong Managers 1: 28-43.
90. Donaldson, T. (1989) The Ethics of International Business, New York: Oxford University Press.
91. Donaldson, T. and Dunfee, T. (1994) Towards a unified conception ofbusiness ethics: integrative social contracts theory, Academy of Management Review 19(2): 252-84.
92. Douglas, S., Massey, D. S. and Magaly Sanchez, R. M. (2007) Latino and American identities as perceived by immigrants, Qualitative Sociology 30: 81-107.
93. Durkheim, E. (1915) The Elementary Forms ofthe Religious Life (trans. J. W. Swain), London: Allen and Unwin.
94. Elenkov, D. S. (1997) Differences and similarities in managerial values between US and Russia managers, International Studies ofManagement and Organization 27(1): 85-106.
95. Encel, S. (1970) Equality and Authority, London: Tavistock.
96. Enderle, G. (1996) A comparison of business ethics in North America and continental Europe, Business Ethics: A European Review 5(1): 31-46.
97. Erben, G. S. and Guneer, A. B. (2007) The relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational commitment: investigating the role of climate regarding ethics, Journal of Business Ethics 82: 955-68.
98. Escobar, A. (1995) Encountering Development: The Makingand Unmaking of the Third World, Princeton University Press.
99. Etzioni, A. (1975) A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations, New York: The Free Press.
100. Fan, Y. (2002) Ganxi’s consequences: personal gains at social cost. Journal of Business Ethics38(4): 371-80.
101. Fang, T. (2003) A critique of Hofstede’s fifth national cultural dimension, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 3(3): 347-68.
102. Fannon, L. I. (2003) Working Within Two Kinds of Capitalism: Corporate Governance and Employee Stakeholder: US and EU Perspectives. Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.
103. Farh, J. L. and Cheng, B. S. (2000) A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J.T. Li., A. S. Tsui and E. Weldon (eds), Managementand Organizations in the Chinese Context, London: Macmillan, pp. 84-127.
104. Farh, J. L., Cheng, B. S., Chou, L. F. and Chu, X. P. (2006) Authority and benevo
105. lence: Employees’ responses to paternalistic leadership in China. In A. S. Tsui, Y. Bian and L. Cheng (eds.), China’s Domestic Private Firms: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Management and Performance, New York: Sharpe, pp. 230-60.
106. Ferguson, N. (2003) Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World, London: Penguin.
107. Ferrell, O. C. and Weaver, K. M. (1978) Ethical beliefs of marketing managers, Journal of Marketing42(3): 69-73.
108. Firth, R. (1951) Elements of Social Organization, London: Watts.
109. Flyvbjerg, B. (2001) MakingSocial ScienceMatter, Cambridge University Press.
110. Foucault, M. (1979) Discipline and Punish, New York: Vintage Books, p. 194.
111. Frank, A. G. (1969) Capitalism and Underdevelopmentin Latin America, New York: Monthly Review Press.
112. Frankenberg, R. (2001) Mirage of an unmarked whiteness. In B. B. Rasmussen, E. Klinenberg, I. J. Nexica, M. Wray (eds.), TheMakingand UnmakingofWhiteness. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 72-96.
113. Frenkel, M. (2008) The multinational corporation as a third space: rethinking international management discourse on knowledge transfer through Homi Bhabha, Academy of Management Review 33(4): 924-42.
114. Friedman, M. (1962) Capitalism and Freedom. University of Chicago Press.
115. Fukuyama, E. (1995) Trust: The Social Virtue and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.
116. Gannon, M. J. and associates (1994) Understanding Global Cultures: Metaphorical Journeys Through 17 Countries, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
117. Gatley, S., Lessem, R. and Altman, Y. (1996) Comparative Management: A Transcultural Odyssey, London: McGraw-Hill.
118. Geertz, C. (1973) TheInterpretation ofCultures, New York: Basic Books.
119. Ghorbani, M. and Tung, R. L. (2007) Behind the veil: an exploratory study of the myths and realities of women in the Iranian workforce, Human Resource Management Journal 17(4): 376-92.
120. Giddens, A. (1986) The Constitution of Society, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
121. Glenn, E. S., Witmeyer, D. and Stevenson, K. A. (1977) Cultural styles of persuasion, International Journal of Intercultural Relations 1(3): 52-66.
122. Glenny, M. (1993) The Rebirth of History: Eastern Europe in the Age of Democracy, London: Penguin.
123. Gluckman, M. (1956) Custom and Conflictin Africa, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
124. Goody, J. (1994) Culture and its boundaries: a European perspective. In R. Borofsky (ed.) Assessing Cultural Anthropology, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 250-61.
125. Gu, F. F., Hung, K. and Tse, D. K. (2008) When does guanxi matter? Issues of capitalization and its dark sides, Journal of Marketing 72: 12-28.
126. Gupta, R. K. (1991) Employees and organizations in India: need to move beyond American and Japanese models, Economic and Political Weekly, 25 May, 16-21.
127. Gutmann, B. (1995) Tandem training: the Volkswagen-Skoda approach to know-how transfer, Journal of European Industrial Training 19(4): 21-4.
128. Guy, V. and Mattock, J., (1991). The New International Manager: An Action Guidefor CrossCultural Business, London: Kogan Page.
129. Hailey, J. (2002) Beyond the formulaic: process and practice in South Asia NGOs. In B. Cooke and U. Kothari, Participation: TheNew Tyranny, London: Zed Books, ch. 6, pp. 88-101.
130. Hall, E. T. (1959) The Silent Language, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
131. Hansen, C. (1993) Classical Chinese ethics. In Singer (ed.), ch. 6, pp. 69-81.
132. Hansen, R. S. (1992) A multidimensional scale for measuring business ethics: a purification and refinement, Journal of Business Ethics 11: 523-34.
133. Harré, R., Clarke, D. and de Carlo, N. (1985) Motives and Mechanism: An Introduction to the Psychology and Action, London: Methuen.
134. Hegarty, W. H. and Sims, H. P. (1978) Some determinants of unethical decision behaviour: an experiment, Journal of Applied Psychology 63(4): 451-7.
135. Hegarty, W. H. and Sims, H. P. (1979) Organizational philosophy, policies and objectives related to unethical decision behaviour: a laboratory experiment, Journal of Applied Psychology 64(3): 331-8.
136. Herskovits, M. J. (1948) Man and His Works: The Science of Cultural Anthropology, New York: Knopf.
137. Hickson, D. J. and McMillan, C. J. (1981) (eds.) Organization and Nation: The Aston Programme, IV, Aldershot: Gower.
138. Hickson, D. J. and Pugh, D. S. (1995) Management Worldwide, London: Penguin.
139. Hirschmann, N. J. (1998) Western feminism, Eastern veiling, and the question of free agency, Constellations 5(3): 345-68.
140. Ho, D. Y.F. and Chiu, C.-Y. (1994) Component ideas of individualism, collectivism and social organization: an application in the study of Chinese culture, in U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Kagitqiba^i, S.-C. Choi and G. Yoon, Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method and Application, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 137-56.
141. Hochschild, A. (1998) KingLeopold’s Ghost, London: Macmillan.
142. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
143. Hofstede, G. (1980b) Motivation, leadership and organization: do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, Summer: 42-63.
144. Hofstede, G. (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software oftheMind, London: McGraw-Hill.
145. hooks, B. (1990) Marginality as a site of resistance. In Ferguson, R. et al. (eds.) Out There: Marginalization and Contemporary Cultures, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
146. Hosmer, L. T (1987) Ethical analysis and human resource management, Human Resource Management26 (3): 313-30.
147. House, R., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W. and Gupta, V. (2004) Leadership, Culture and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
148. Hui, C. H. (1990) Work attitudes, leadership styles, and managerial behaviour in different cultures. In R. W. Brislin, Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
149. Hulpke, J. and Lau, C. (2008). Business ethics in China, The Chinese Economy 41 (3): 58-67.
150. Human, L. (1996) Contemporary Conversations, Dakar, Senegal: The Goree Institute.
151. Hunt, S. D. and Vitell, S. J. (1986) A general theory of marketing ethics, Journal ofMacromarketing 6: 5 -16.
152. Husted, B. W. (1999) Wealth, culture and corruption, Journal of International Business Studies 30(2): 339-59.
153. Iankova, E. and Turner, L. (2004) Building the New Europe: western and eastern roads to social partnership, Industrial Relations Journal 35(1): 76-92.
154. ICPSR (2005) Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, http://webapp. icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/ICPSR-STUDY/03975.xml, accessed 18/12/05.
155. Inglehart, R. (1997) Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43Societies, Princeton University Press.
156. Inglehart, R. and Baker, W. E. (2000) Modernization, cultural change, and persistence of traditional values, American Sociological Review 65, February, 19-51.
157. Inglehart, R. and Baker, W. E. (2001) Modernization’s challenges to traditional values: who’s afraid of Ronald McDonald? The Futurist, March-April: 16-21.
158. Inglehart, R., Basanez, M. and Moreno, A. (1998) Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-cultural Sourcebook, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
159. Ip, P. K. (2009) Is Confucianism good for business ethics in China? Journal of Business Ethics88: 463-76.
160. Izraeli, D. (1988) Ethical beliefs and behaviours among managers: a cross-cultural comparison, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 7: 263-71.
161. Jackman, M. R. (1994) The Velvet Glove: Paternalism and Conflictin Gender, Class, andRace Relations, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
162. Jackson, T. (1993a) Organizational Behaviour in International Management, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
163. Jackson, T. (1993b) Ethics and the art of intuitive management, European Management Journal, EAP 20th Anniversary Edition, 57-65.
164. Jackson, T. (1999) Managing change in South Africa: developing people and organizations, International Journal of Human Resource Management 10(2): 306-26.
165. Jackson, T. (2000) Management ethics and corporate policy: a cross-cultural comparison, Journal of Management Studies 37(3): 349-70.
166. Jackson, T. (2001) Cultural values and management ethics, Human Relations 54(10): 1267-1302.
167. Jackson, T. (2002a) The management of people across cultures: valuing people differently, Human Resource Management 41(4): 455-75.
168. Jackson, T. (2002b) International HRM: A Cross-cultural Approach, London: Sage.
169. Jackson, T. (2004) Management and Change in Africa: A Cross-cultural Perspective, London: Routledge.
170. Jackson, T., Amaeshi, K. and Yavuz, Y. (2008) Untangling African indigenous management: multiple influences on the success of SMEs in Kenya, Journal of World Business 43(3).
171. Jackson, T. and Aycan, Z. (2006) Editorial: from cultural values to cross cultural interfaces, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 6(1): 5-13.
172. Jackson, T. and Bak, M. (1998) Foreign companies and Chinese workers: employee motivation in the People’s Republic of China, Journal of Organizational Change Management11(4): 282-300.
173. Jackson, T. and Calafell Artola, M. (1997) Ethical beliefs and management behaviour: a cross-cultural comparison, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 16: 1163-73.
174. Jackson, T. and Nana Nzepa, O. (2004) Cameroon: managing cultural complexity and power. In Jackson, Management and Change in Africa, London: Routledge, ch. 10, pp. 208-33.
175. Jaeger, A. M. and Kanungo, R. N. (1990) Management in Developing Countries, London: Routledge.
176. James, E. H. (2000) Race-related differencesin promotions andsupport: underlyingeffects of human and social capital, Organizational Science 11(5): 493-508.
177. Javidan, M., House, R. J. and Dorfman, P. W. (2004) A nontechnical summary of GOBE findings. In House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman and Gupta, pp. 29-48.
178. Joergensen, J. J. (1990) Organizational life-cycle and effectiveness criteria in state-owned enterprizes: the case of East Africa. In Jaeger and Kanungo (eds.), pp. 62-82.
179. Jones, M. T. (1999) The institutional determinants of social responsibility, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 20: 163-79.
180. Kamoche, K. (2001) Human resource management in Kenya. In P. S. Budhwar and Y. ADebrah, Human Resource Management in Developing Countries, London: Routledge pp. 209-21.
181. Kanungo, R. N. and Jaeger, A. M. (1990) Introduction: the need for indigenous management in developing countries. In Jaeger and Kanungo (eds.), pp. 1-23.
182. Kaplinsky, R. (2008) What does the rise of China do for industrialization in sub-Saharan Africa? Review ofAfrican Political Economy 115: 7-22.
183. Kapoor, I. (2002) Capitalism, culture, agency: dependency versus postcolonial theory, Third World Quarterly 23(4): 647-64.
184. Katz, D. and Kahn, R. L. (1978) The Social Psychology ofOrganizations (2nd edn.), NewYork: John Wiley.
185. Kerr, C., Dunlop, J. T., Harbison, F. H. and Myers, C. A. (I960) Industrialism and Industrial Man, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
186. Kiggundu, M. N. (1989) Managing Organizations in Developing Countries, West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
187. Kluckhohn, F. and Strodtbeck, F. (1961) Variations in Value Orientation, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
188. Koer, R. G. (2007) ‘Trade unions at whose service?’ Coercive partnerships and partnership in coercion in Turkey’s metal sector, Industrielle Beziehungen 14(3): 245-69.
189. Koopman, A. (1991) Transcultural Management, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
190. Kumar, B. N. and Steinmann, H. (eds.) (1998) Ethics in International Management, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
191. Langlois, C. C. and Schlegelmilch, B. B. (1990) Do corporate codes of ethics reflect national character? Evidence from Europe and the United States, Journal of International Business Studies, Fourth Quarter, 519-39.
192. Larrain, J. (1979). The ConceptofIdeology, London: Hutchinson.
193. Lee, K.-H. (1982) Ethical beliefs in marketing management, European Journal ofMarketing3: 58-67.
194. Lessem, R. (1994) Four worlds: the Southern African businessphere. In P. Christie, R. Lessem and L. Mbigi (eds.) African Management: Philosophy, Concepts and Applications, Cape Town: Knowledge Resources.
195. Lobel, S. A. (1997) In praise of the ‘soft’ stuff: avision forhuman resource leadership, Human Resource Management 36(1): 135-9.
196. Lyonski, S. and Gaidis, W. (1991) A cross-cultural comparison of the ethics of business students, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 10: 141-50.
197. Maier, K. (2000) This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis, London: Penguin.
198. Makgoba, M. W. (ed.) (1999) African Renaissance, Johannesburg/Cape Town: Mafube/Tafelberg.
199. Marsden, D. (1991) Indigenous management, The International Journal ofHuman Resource Management2 (1): 21-38.
200. Martin, G. S., Resick, C. J., Keating, M. A. and Dickson, M. W. (2009) Ethical leadership across cultures: a comparative analysis of German and US perspectives, Business Ethics: A European Review 18(2): 127-44.
201. Martinez, P. G. (2003) Paternalism as a positive form of leader-subordinate exchange: evidence from Mexico. Journal of Iberoamerican Academy of Management 1: 227-42.
202. Massey, D. S. and Sanchez, M. R. (2007) Latino and American identities as perceived by immigrants, Qualitative Sociology 30(1): 81-107.
203. Mbigi, L. (1997) Ubuntu: TheAfrican Dream in Management, Randburg, S. Africa: Knowledge Resources.
204. McDermott, M. and Samson, F. L. (2005) White racial and ethnic identity in the United States, Annual Review ofSociology 31: 245-61.
205. McDonald, G. M. and Pak, C. K. (1997) Ethical perceptions of expatriates and local managers in Hong Kong, Journal of Business Ethics 16: 1605-23.
206. McLaughlin, A. (2003) Americans are bringing home baby - increasingly from Africa, Christian Science Monitor, 4 December 2003, and reproduced at www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/162/27631.html, accessed 21/08/09.
207. McSweeney, B. (2002) Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: a triumph of faith - a failure of analysis, Human Relations 55(1): 89-118.
208. Mellahi, K. (2006) Human resource management in Saudi Arabia. In P. S. Budhwar and K. Mellahi, Managing Human Resources in the Middle East, London: Routledge, ch. 6, pp. 97-120.
209. Mellahi, K., Frynas, J. G. and Finlay, P. (2005) Global Strategic Management, Oxford University Press.
210. Merton, R. K. (1949) Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
211. Metcalfe, B. D. (2007) Gender and human resource management in the Middle East, International Journal of Human Resource Management 18(1): 54-74.
212. Mohan, G. (2002) Beyond participation: strategies for deeper empowerment. In B. Cooke and U. Kothari, Participation: The New Tyranny? London: Zed Books, pp. 153-67.
213. Mohanty, C. T. (1991) Under Western eyes: feminist scholarship and colonial discourses. In C. T. Mohanty, A. Russo and L. Torres (eds.) Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Bloomingdale, IN: Indiana University Press, pp. 51-80.
214. Montgomery, J. D. (1987) Probing managerial behaviour: image and reality in Southern Africa, World Development 15(7): 911-29.
215. Moreno, A. (2003) Corruption and democracy: a cultural assessment. In R. Inglehart (ed.) Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, pp. 265-78.
216. Mulat, T. (1998) Multilateralism and Africa’s regional economic communities, Journal of World Trade 32(4): 115-38.
217. Munene, J. C., Schwartz, S. H. and Smith, P. B. (2000) Development in sub-Saharan Africa: cultural influences and managers’ decision behaviour, Public Administration and Development, 20 (4): 339-51.
218. Mutabazi, E. (2002) Preparing African leaders. In C. B. Derr, S. Roussillon and F. Bournois (eds.) Cross-cultural Approaches to Leadership Development, Westport, CT: Quorum, ch. 15, pp. 202-23.
219. Mutwa, C. (1964) Indaba, My Children, Edinburgh: Payback Press.
220. Nakano, C. (1997) A survey study on Japanese managers’ views of business ethics, Journal of Business Ethics 16: 1737-51.
221. Nanji, A. (1993) Islamic ethics. In Singer (ed.), ch. 9, pp. 106-18.
222. Neal, M., Finlay, J. L., Catana, G. A. and Catana, D. A. (2007) Comparison of leadership prototypes of Arab and European females, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 7 (3): 291-316.
223. Neimanis, G. J. (1997). Business ethics in the former Soviet Union: a report, Journal of Business Ethics 16: 357-62.
224. Newstrom, J. W. and Ruch, W. A. (1975) The ethics of management and the management of ethics, MSUBusiness Topics, Winter, pp. 29-37.
225. Nonaka, I. and Toyama, R. (2007) Strategic management as distributed practical wisdom (phronesis), Industrial and Corporate Change 16(3): 371-94.
226. Noorderhaven, N. G. and Tidjani, B. (2001) Culture, governance, and economic performance: an exploratory study with a special focus on Africa, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 1(1): 31-52.
227. Northouse, P. G. (1997) Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
228. Ntuli, P. P. (1999) The missing link between culture and education: are we still chasing gods that are not our own? In Makgoba (ed.), ch. 12, pp. 184-99.
229. Nyambegera, S. M. (2002) Ethnicity and human resource management practices in sub-Saharan Africa: the relevance of managing diversity discourse, International Journal of Human Resource Management 13(7): 1077-90.
230. Okleshen, M. and Hoyt, R. (1996) A cross-cultural comparison of ethical perspectives and decision approaches of business students: United States of America versus New Zealand, Journal of Business Ethics 15: 537-49.
231. Ornatowski, G. K. (1999) Confucian values, Japanese economic development, and the creation of a modern Japanese business ethics. In G. Enderle (ed.) International Business Ethics: Challenges and Approaches, Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 386-405.
232. Paine, L. S. (1994) Managing for organizational integrity, Harvard Business Review, MarchApril, pp. 106-17.
233. Pakenham, T. (1991) The Scramble forAfrica, London: Phoenix Press.
234. Palazzo, B. (2002) US-American and German business ethics: an intercultural comparison, Journal of Business Ethics 41: 195-216.
235. Parker, L. (2005) Uniform jilbab: inside Indonesia, in ‘Sharia inspired bylaws the scourge of democracy?’ The Jakarta Post, July-September 2005: 21-2, retrieved February 2009, www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp.
236. Parsons, T. (1949) The Structure ofSocial Action, Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
237. Parsons, T. (1951) The Social System, Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
238. Parsons, T. and Shils, E. (eds.) (1951) Towards a General Theory of Action, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
239. Pascale, R. T. and Athos, A. G. (1981) TheArtofJapanese Management, New York: Simon & Schuster.
240. Paul, J. (1990) Participatory approaches to human rights in sub-Saharan Africa. In An-Na’im and F. Deng (eds.).
241. Pellegrini, E. K. and Scandura, T. A. (2006) Leader-member exchange (LMX), paternalism and delegation in the Turkish business culture: an empirical investigation, Journal of International Business Studies 37(2): 264-79.
242. Pellegrini, E. K. and Scandura, T. A. (2008) Paternalistic leadership: a review and agenda for future research, Journal of Management 34(3): 566-93.
243. Peltro, P. J. (1968) The difference between ‘tight’ and ‘loose’ societies, Transaction, April, 37-40.
244. Peterson, M. F. and Pike, K. L. (2002) Emics and etics for organizational studies: a lesson in contrasts from linguistics, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 2(1): 5-19.
245. Pickens, S. D. B. (1987) Values and value related strategies in Japanese corporate culture, Journal of Business Ethics 6: 137-43.
246. Pityana, N. B. (1999) The renewal of African moral values. In M. W. Makgoba (ed.) African Renaissance, Sandton: Mafube/Cape Town: Tafelberg, ch. 9, pp. 137-48.
247. Posner, B. Z. and Schmidt, W. H. (1987) Ethics in American companies: a managerial perspective, Journal of Business Ethics 6: 383-91.
248. Prasad, A. (2003) Postcolonial Theory and Organizational Analysis: A Critical Reader, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
249. Priem, R. L., Love, L. G. and Shaffer, M. (2000) Industrialization and values evolution: the case of Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China, Asia Pacific Journal of Management 17(3): 473-92.
250. Puffer, S. M. and McCarthy, D. J. (1998) Business ethics in a transforming economy: applying the integrative social contrasts theory to Russia. In Kumar and Steinmann (eds.), pp. 419-37.
251. Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1952) Structure and Function in Primitive Society, London: Cohen and West.
252. Radhakrishnan, S. (1923) Indian Philosophy, Vol. 1, London: George Allen & Unwin.
253. Ralston, D. A., Gaicalone, R. A. and Terpstra, R. H. (1994) Ethical perceptions of organ izational politics: a comparative evaluation of American and Hong Kong managers, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 13: 989-99.
254. Ralston, D. A., Gustafson, D. J., Terpstra, R. H. and Holt, D. H. (1993) The impact of managerial values on decision-making behavior: a comparison of the United States and Hong Kong, Asia Pacific Journal of Management 10(1): 21-37.
255. Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory ofJustice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
256. Reader, J. (1998) Africa: A Biography ofthe Continent, London: Penguin.
257. Redding, S. G. (1990) The Spirit ofChinese Capitalism, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
258. Rees, C. J. and Althakhri, R. (2008) Organizational change strategies in the Arab region: a review of critical factors, Journal of Business Economics and Management 9(2): 123-32.
259. Reidenbach, R. E. and Robin, D. P. (1988) Some initial steps towards improving the measurement of ethical evaluation of marketing activities, Journal of Business Ethics 7: 871-9.
260. Reidenbach, R. E. and Robin, D. P. (1990) Towards the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics, Journal of Business Ethics 9: 639-53.
261. Robertson, D. C. (2002) Business ethics across cultures. In M. J. Gannon and K. L. Newman (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 361-92.
262. Rohmetra, N. (1998) Human Resource Development in Commercial Banks in India, London: Ashgate.
263. Rotter, J. B. (1966) General expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement, Psychological Monographs 80(1), Whole No. 609, 1-28.
264. Saeed, M. and Ahmed, Z. U. (1998) An Islamic framework for international marketing ethics. In Kumar and Steinmann (eds.), pp. 341-66.
265. Said, E. (1978) Orientalism, London: Penguin.
266. Sanyal, R. (2005) Determinants of bribery in international business: the cultural and economic factors, Journal of Business Ethics 59: 139-45.
267. Saunders, E. (1998) Leadership the South African way, People Dynamics, February, 31-4.
268. Schech, S. and Haggis, J. (2000) Culture and Development: A Critical Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell.
269. Schein, E. (2004) Organization Culture and Leadership, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
270. Schildkraut, D. J. (2007) Defining American identity in the twenty-first century: how much ‘there’ is there? The Journal of Politics 69(3): 597-615.
271. Schlegelmilch, B. B. and Robertson, D. C. (1995) The influence of country and industry on ethical perceptions of senior executives in the US and Europe, Journal of International Business Studies, Fourth Quarter, pp. 859-81.
272. Schütz, A. (1972) Phenomenology ofthe Social World, London: Heinemann.
273. Schwartz, S. H. (1994) Beyond individualism/collectivism: new cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Q. KagitQba^i, S.-C. Choi and G. Yoon, Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method and Application, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 85-119.
274. Schwartz, S. H. (1999) A theory of cultural values and some implications for work, Applied Psychology: An International Review 48 (1): 23-47.
275. Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Rodriguez, L. and Wang, S. C. (2007) The structure of cultural identity in an ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults, Basic and Applied Social Psychology 29(2): 159-73.
276. Selznick, P. (1949) TVA and the Grass Roots, Berkeley: University of California Press.
277. Shaw, T. M., Cooper, A. F. and Antkiewicz, A. (2007) Global and/or regional development at the start of the 21st century? China, India, and (South) Africa, Third World Quarterly 28(7): 1255-70.
278. Shenkar, O. and Ronen, S. (1987) The cultural context of negotiation: the implications of Chinese interpersonal norms, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 23: 263-75.
279. Silverman, D. (1970) The Theory ofOrganizations, Aldershot: Gower.
280. Singer, P. (ed.) (1993) A Companion to Ethics, Oxford: Blackwell.
281. Singhapakdi, A., Vitell, S. J. and Leelakulthanit, O. (1994) A cross-cultural study of moral philosophies, ethical perceptions and judgements: a comparison of American and Thai marketers, International Marketing Review 11(6): 65-78.
282. Skinner, B. F. (1953) Science and Human Behavior, New York: Macmillan.
283. Smith, G. and Gilbert, N. (1985) The China guanxi. Forbes 136(3): 104.
284. Smith, P. B., Dugan, S. and Trompenaars, F. (1996) National culture and the values of organizational employees: a dimensional analysis across 43 nations, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 27(2): 231-64.
285. Sorge, A. (2004) Cross-national differences in human resources and organization. In A. W. Harzing and J. Van Ruysseveldt, International Human Resource Management, London: Sage, ch. 5, pp. 117-40.
286. Sparks, A. (1990) TheMind ofSouthAfrica, London: Mandarin.
287. Spiegel, R. (2007a) Skoda workers want VW wages: Eastern Europe pricing itself out of cheap labor market? Spiegel, R. Online, 18 April 2007, www.Spiegel, R..de/international/business/0,1518,478052,00.html, accessed 10/06/09.
288. Spiegel, R.(2007b) Eastern Europe’s exodus: going west for the good life, Spiegel, R. Online, 28 March 2007 (author: Jan Puhl) www.Spiegel, R..de/international/europe/0,1518,474167,00.html, accessed 10/06/09.
289. Spivak, G. C. (1988) Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson and L. Grossberg (eds) Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, pp. 271-313.
290. Spivak, G. C. (1996) The Spivak Reader, D. Landry and G. MacLean (eds.), New York: Routledge.
291. Stewart, E. C. and Bennett, M. J. (1991) American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (2nd edn.), Boston: Intercultural Press.
292. Taka, I. and Dunfee, T. W. (1997) Japanese moralogy as business ethics, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 16: 507-19.
293. Tannenbaum, A. S. (1968) Control in Organizations, New York: McGraw-Hill.
294. Tayeb, M. H. (2000) The internationalisation of HRM policies and practices: the case of Japanese and French companies in Scotland, 11éme Congrès de l’AGRH, 16-17 November 2000, ESCP-EAP, Paris.
295. Taylor, H. (2002) Insights into participation from critical management and labour process perspectives. In B. Cooke and U. Kothari, Participation: The New Tyranny, London: Zed Books, ch. 8, pp. 122-38.
296. The Guardian (2009) Madonna, Mercy and Malawi: her fightto adopt a secondAfrican child, www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jun/12/madonna-mercy-malawi, accessed 19/08/09.
297. The Telegraph (2005) The great Kabbalah con exposed, www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3634742/The-great-Kabbalah-con-exposed.html, accessed 19/08/09.
298. Theobold, R. (2002) Shouldthepayment ofbribes overseas be made illegal? Business Ethics:A European Review 11(4): 375-84.
299. Thomson, A. (2000) An Introduction to African Politics, London: Routledge.
300. Tonnies, F. (1887) Community and Society, NewYork: Harper and Row.
301. Triandis, H. C. (1990) Theoretical concepts that are applicable to the analysis of ethnocen-trism. In R. W. Brislin (ed.) Applied Cross-cultural Psychology, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, pp. 34-55.
302. Triandis, H. C. (1994) Culture and Social Behavior, New York: McGraw-Hill.
303. Triandis, H. C. (1995) Individualism and Collectivism, Boulder, CO: Westview.
304. Trimiew, D. M. and Greene, M. (1997) How we got over: the moral teaching of the African-American church on business ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly 7(2): 133-47.
305. Trompenaars, F. (1993) Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business, London: Nicholas Brealey.
306. Tsalikis, J. and LaTour, M. S. (1995) Bribery and extortion in international business: ethical perceptions of Greeks compared to Americans, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 14: 249-64.
307. Tsalikis, J. and Nwachukwu, O. (1988) Cross-cultural business ethics: ethical beliefs differences between Blacks and Whites, Journal of Business Ethics 7: 745-54.
308. Tsalikis, J. and Nwachukwu, O. (1991) A comparison of Nigerian to American views of bribery and extortion in international commerce, Journal of Business Ethics 10: 85-98.
309. Tsutsui, W. M. (1998) ManufacturingIdeology: Scientific Management in Twentieth-Century Japan, Princeton University Press.
310. Tylor, E. B. (1871) Primitive culture, cited in C. Lévi-Strauss (1963) (trans. C. Jacobson and B. G. Schoel), Structural Anthropology, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
311. Ugwuegbu, D. C. E. (2001) The Psychology of Management in African Organizations, Westport, CT: Quorum.
312. Uhl-Bien, M., Tierney, P., Graen, G. and Wakabayashi, M. (1990) Company paternalism and the hidden investment process: identification of the ‘right type’ for line managers in leading Japanese organizations, Group and Organization Studies 15: 414-30.
313. UN Global Compact (2000) www.unglobalcompact.org/, accessed 27/05/09.
314. US Census Bureau (2000) US Census 2000, www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/profile2000.html/www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/files/2000/chap16. Pdf, accessed 09/05/09.
315. US State Department (2006) China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) International Religious Freedom Report 2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor at www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71338.htm, accessed 10/09/09.
316. Utomi, P. (1998) Managing Uncertainty: Competition and Strategy in Emerging Economies, Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books.
317. van Luijk, H. J. L. (1997) Business ethics in Western and Northern Europe: a search for effective alliances, Journal of Business Ethics 16: 1579-87.
318. Vogel, D. (1993a) Is US business obsessed with ethics? Across theBoard: The Conference Board Magazine, November/December.
319. Vogel, D. (1993b) Differing national approaches to business ethics, Journal of Business Ethics2(3): 164-71.
320. Waiguchu, J. M., Tiagha, E. and Mwaura, M. (eds.) (1999) Management ofOrganizations in Africa, Westport, CT: Quorum.
321. Wall, J. (1990) Managers in the People’s Republic of China. Academy of Management Executive 4 (2): 19-32.
322. Weaver, G. R. and Agle, B. R. (2002) Religiosity and ethical behaviour in organizations: a symbolic interactionist perspective, Academy of Management Review 27(1): 77-97.
323. Werner, A. (2008) The influence of Christian identity on SME owner-managers’ conceptualization of business practice, Journal of Business Ethics 82: 449-62.
324. Westwood, R. J. and Posner, B. Z. (1997) Managerial values across cultures: Australia, Hong Kong and the United States, Asia Pacific Journal of Management 14: 31-66.
325. Whipple, T. W. and Swords, D. F. (1992) Business ethics judgements: a cross-cultural comparison, Journal ofBusiness Ethics 11: 671-78.
326. White, L. P. and Rhodeback, M. J. (1992) Ethical dilemmas in organizational development: a cross-cultural analysis, Journal of Business Ethics 11: 663-70.
327. Whiteoak, J. W., Crawford, N. G. and Mapstone, R. H. (2006) Impact of gender and gen erational differences in work values and attitudes in an Arab culture, Thunderbird International Business Review 48 (1): 77-91.
328. Whitley, R. (1999) Divergent Capitalisms: The Social Structuring and Change of Business Systems, Oxford University Press.
329. Williams, O. F. (2004) The UN Global Compact: the challenge and the promise, Business Ethics Quarterly 14(4): 755-74.
330. Wilson, R. (2006) Islam and business, Thunderbird International Business Review 48(1) 109 -23.
331. Worden, S. (2003) The role of religious and nationalist ethics in strategic leadership: the case of J. N. Tata, Journal of Business Ethics 47(2).
332. Zhuang, J. Y., Thomas, S. and Miller, D. L. (2005) Examining culture’s effect on whistleblowing and peer reporting, Business and Society 44 (4): 462-86.