메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 189-197

New drugs of abuse

Author keywords

desomorphine; kratom; salvia; synthetic cannabinoids; synthetic cathinones

Indexed keywords

3 (1 NAPHTHOYL) 1 PENTYLINDOLE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CATHINONE; DESOMORPHINE; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; HERBACEOUS AGENT; KRATOM; MITRAGYNINE; MORPHINE DERIVATIVE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PROPOFOL; RECREATIONAL DRUG; SALVINORIN A; SODIUM CHLORIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; DESIGNER DRUG; STREET DRUG;

EID: 84923492552     PISSN: 02770008     EISSN: 18759114     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/phar.1522     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 84857759598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Here today, gone tomorrow ⋯ and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines
    • Rosenbaum CD, Carreiro SP, Babu KM,. Here today, gone tomorrow⋯ and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines. J Med Toxicol 2012; 8: 15-32.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 15-32
    • Rosenbaum, C.D.1    Carreiro, S.P.2    Babu, K.M.3
  • 2
    • 84923522571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Text of S. 3190 (112th): Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012 (Introduced version). GovTrack.us. Accessed March 4, 2014
    • Text of S. 3190 (112th): Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012 (Introduced version). GovTrack.us. Available from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s3190/text. Accessed March 4, 2014.
  • 3
    • 84895817536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, & Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Accessed March 4, 2014
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, & Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Illicit Drugs. Available from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2012SummNatFindDetTables/NationalFindings/NSDUHresults2012.htm#ch2. Accessed March 4, 2014.
    • Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Illicit Drugs
  • 4
    • 34247552788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The approach to the patient with an unknown overdose [abstract vii]
    • Erickson TB, Thompson TM, Lu JJ,. The approach to the patient with an unknown overdose [abstract vii]. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2007; 25: 249-81.
    • (2007) Emerg Med Clin North Am , vol.25 , pp. 249-281
    • Erickson, T.B.1    Thompson, T.M.2    Lu, J.J.3
  • 5
    • 77449124482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition and management of acute medication poisoning
    • Frithsen IL, Simpson WM Jr,. Recognition and management of acute medication poisoning. Am Fam Physician 2010; 81: 316-23.
    • (2010) Am Fam Physician , vol.81 , pp. 316-323
    • Frithsen, I.L.1    Simpson, Jr.W.M.2
  • 6
    • 78650716854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the metabolism of the α-pyrrolidinophenone designer drug methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) in rat and human urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and its detectability in urine by GC-MS
    • Meyer MR, Du P, Schuster F, Maurer HH,. Studies on the metabolism of the α-pyrrolidinophenone designer drug methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) in rat and human urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and its detectability in urine by GC-MS. J Mass Spectrom 2010; 45: 1426-42.
    • (2010) J Mass Spectrom , vol.45 , pp. 1426-1442
    • Meyer, M.R.1    Du, P.2    Schuster, F.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 10
    • 84881150700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical toxicology and management of intoxications with synthetic cathinones ("bath salts")
    • Mas-Morey P, Visser MHM, Winkelmolen L, Touw DJ,. Clinical toxicology and management of intoxications with synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"). J Pharm Pract 2013; 26: 353-7.
    • (2013) J Pharm Pract , vol.26 , pp. 353-357
    • Mas-Morey, P.1    Visser, M.H.M.2    Winkelmolen, L.3    Touw, D.J.4
  • 11
    • 84890959449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 40-2013. A 36-year-old man with agitation and paranoia
    • Benzer TI, Nejad SH, Flood JG,. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 40-2013. A 36-year-old man with agitation and paranoia. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 2536-45.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 2536-2545
    • Benzer, T.I.1    Nejad, S.H.2    Flood, J.G.3
  • 12
    • 84857800731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxicology of bath salts: A review of synthetic cathinones
    • Prosser JM, Nelson LS,. The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones. J Med Toxicol 2011; 8: 33-42.
    • (2011) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 33-42
    • Prosser, J.M.1    Nelson, L.S.2
  • 14
    • 84923524132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed April 12, 2014
    • Bath Salts. Available from http://www.aapcc.org/alerts/bath-salts/. Accessed April 12, 2014.
    • Bath Salts
  • 15
    • 84857580419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Bath salt" ingestion leading to severe intoxication delirium: Two cases and a brief review of the emergence of mephedrone use
    • Kasick DP, McKnight CA, Klisovic E,. "Bath salt" ingestion leading to severe intoxication delirium: two cases and a brief review of the emergence of mephedrone use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2012; 38: 176-80.
    • (2012) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.38 , pp. 176-180
    • Kasick, D.P.1    McKnight, C.A.2    Klisovic, E.3
  • 16
    • 84875250918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: Method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results
    • Marinetti LJ, Antonides HM,. Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37: 135-46.
    • (2013) J Anal Toxicol , vol.37 , pp. 135-146
    • Marinetti, L.J.1    Antonides, H.M.2
  • 17
    • 84882819121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 9-state analysis of designer stimulant, "bath salt," hospital visits reported to poison control centers
    • Warrick BJ, Hill M, Hekman K., A 9-state analysis of designer stimulant, "bath salt," hospital visits reported to poison control centers. Ann Emerg Med 2013; 62: 244-51.
    • (2013) Ann Emerg Med , vol.62 , pp. 244-251
    • Warrick, B.J.1    Hill, M.2    Hekman, K.3
  • 18
    • 84855858697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent acute kidney injury following bath salts intoxication
    • Adebamiro A, Perazella MA,. Recurrent acute kidney injury following bath salts intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59: 273-5.
    • (2012) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.59 , pp. 273-275
    • Adebamiro, A.1    Perazella, M.A.2
  • 19
    • 84865655811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal highs" - Toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration
    • Rojek S, Kłys M, Strona M, Maciõw M, Kula K,. "Legal highs"-toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222: e1-6.
    • (2012) Forensic Sci Int , vol.222 , pp. e1-e6
    • Rojek, S.1    Kłys, M.2    Strona, M.3    Maciõw, M.4    Kula, K.5
  • 21
    • 0027496896 scopus 로고
    • Methcathinone: A Russian designer amphetamine infiltrates the rural Midwest
    • Emerson TS, Cisek JE,. Methcathinone: a Russian designer amphetamine infiltrates the rural Midwest. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22: 1897-903.
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 1897-1903
    • Emerson, T.S.1    Cisek, J.E.2
  • 22
    • 84899479133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinones ("bath salts")
    • Banks ML, Worst TJ, Rusyniak DE, Sprague JE,. Synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"). J Emerg Med 2014; 46 (5): 632-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.11.104.
    • (2014) J Emerg Med , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 632-642
    • Banks, M.L.1    Worst, T.J.2    Rusyniak, D.E.3    Sprague, J.E.4
  • 23
    • 84923488825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction: EMCDDA 2009 Thematic paper - understanding the "Spice" phenomenon
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction: EMCDDA 2009 Thematic paper-understanding the "Spice" phenomenon.
  • 24
    • 77954954841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spice drugs as a new trend: Mode of action, identification and legislation
    • Vardakou I, Pistos C, Spiliopoulou C,. Spice drugs as a new trend: mode of action, identification and legislation. Toxicol Lett 2010; 197: 157-62.
    • (2010) Toxicol Lett , vol.197 , pp. 157-162
    • Vardakou, I.1    Pistos, C.2    Spiliopoulou, C.3
  • 25
    • 84885631193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoids: A new frontier of designer drugs
    • Gunderson EW,. Synthetic cannabinoids: a new frontier of designer drugs. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159: 563-4.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 563-564
    • Gunderson, E.W.1
  • 27
    • 34748841430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of cannabinoids as analgesic agents: A pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic overview
    • McCarberg BH, Barkin RL,. The future of cannabinoids as analgesic agents: a pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic overview. Am J Ther 2007; 14: 475-83.
    • (2007) Am J Ther , vol.14 , pp. 475-483
    • McCarberg, B.H.1    Barkin, R.L.2
  • 28
    • 84873157996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication: A case series and review
    • Harris CR, Brown A,. Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication: a case series and review. J Emerg Med 2013; 44: 360-6.
    • (2013) J Emerg Med , vol.44 , pp. 360-366
    • Harris, C.R.1    Brown, A.2
  • 29
    • 77956872578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive and rapid quantification of the cannabinoid receptor agonist naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Teske J, Weller JP, Fieguth A, Rothämel T, Schulz Y, Tröger HD,. Sensitive and rapid quantification of the cannabinoid receptor agonist naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 2010; 878: 2659-63.
    • (2010) J Chromatogr B , vol.878 , pp. 2659-2663
    • Teske, J.1    Weller, J.P.2    Fieguth, A.3    Rothämel, T.4    Schulz, Y.5    Tröger, H.D.6
  • 30
    • 70349859637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use
    • Hall W, Degenhardt L,. Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. Lancet 2009; 374: 1383-91.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1383-1391
    • Hall, W.1    Degenhardt, L.2
  • 31
    • 84866989897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids
    • Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L,. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39: 234-43.
    • (2012) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 234-243
    • Seely, K.A.1    Lapoint, J.2    Moran, J.H.3    Fattore, L.4
  • 32
    • 84857372061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monohydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 retain intermediate to high cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) affinity and exhibit neutral antagonist to partial agonist activity
    • Brents LK, Gallus-Zawada A, Radominska-Pandya A, et al. Monohydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 retain intermediate to high cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) affinity and exhibit neutral antagonist to partial agonist activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83: 952-61.
    • (2012) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.83 , pp. 952-961
    • Brents, L.K.1    Gallus-Zawada, A.2    Radominska-Pandya, A.3
  • 33
    • 79952814790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spice" girls: Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication
    • Schneir AB, Cullen J, Ly BT,. "Spice" girls: synthetic cannabinoid intoxication. J Emerg Med 2011; 40: 296-9.
    • (2011) J Emerg Med , vol.40 , pp. 296-299
    • Schneir, A.B.1    Cullen, J.2    Ly, B.T.3
  • 34
    • 84923436636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The White House Accessed March 19, 2014
    • The White House. Synthetic Drugs (a.k.a. K2, Spice, Bath Salts, etc.). Available from http://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/ondcp-fact-sheets/synthetic-drugs-k2-spice-bath-salts. Accessed March 19, 2014.
    • Synthetic Drugs (A.k.a. K2, Spice, Bath Salts, Etc.)
  • 35
    • 84880841234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spiceophrenia": A systematic overview of "spice"-related psychopathological issues and a case report
    • Papanti D, Schifano F, Botteon G, et al. "Spiceophrenia": a systematic overview of "spice"-related psychopathological issues and a case report. Hum Psychopharmacol 2013; 28: 379-89.
    • (2013) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 379-389
    • Papanti, D.1    Schifano, F.2    Botteon, G.3
  • 36
    • 4944234716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early adolescent cannabis exposure and positive and negative dimensions of psychosis
    • Stefanis NC, Delespaul P, Henquet C, Bakoula C, van Os J,. Early adolescent cannabis exposure and positive and negative dimensions of psychosis. Addiction 2004; 99: 1333-41.
    • (2004) Addiction , vol.99 , pp. 1333-1341
    • Stefanis, N.C.1    Delespaul, P.2    Henquet, C.3    Bakoula, C.4    Van Os, J.5
  • 37
    • 70349117752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of "spice gold
    • Zimmermann US, Winkelmann PR, Pilhatsch M, et al. Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of "spice gold." Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009; 106: 464-7.
    • (2009) Dtsch Arztebl Int , vol.106 , pp. 464-467
    • Zimmermann, U.S.1    Winkelmann, P.R.2    Pilhatsch, M.3
  • 38
    • 84867519144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid and marijuana exposures reported to poison centers
    • Forrester M, Kleinschmidt K, Schwarz E, Young A,. Synthetic cannabinoid and marijuana exposures reported to poison centers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31: 1006-11.
    • (2012) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.31 , pp. 1006-1011
    • Forrester, M.1    Kleinschmidt, K.2    Schwarz, E.3    Young, A.4
  • 40
    • 79958765316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salvia divinorum: Exposures reported to a statewide poison control system over 10 years
    • Vohra R, Seefeld A, Cantrell FL, Clark RF,. Salvia divinorum: exposures reported to a statewide poison control system over 10 years. J Emerg Med 2011; 40: 643-50.
    • (2011) J Emerg Med , vol.40 , pp. 643-650
    • Vohra, R.1    Seefeld, A.2    Cantrell, F.L.3    Clark, R.F.4
  • 41
    • 38049032934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of κ-opioid and endocannabinoid system on Salvinorin A-induced reward
    • Braida D, Limonta V, Capurro V, et al. Involvement of κ-opioid and endocannabinoid system on Salvinorin A-induced reward. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63: 286-92.
    • (2008) Biol Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 286-292
    • Braida, D.1    Limonta, V.2    Capurro, V.3
  • 43
    • 79958812842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legally tripping: A qualitative profile of Salvia divinorum use among young adults
    • Kelly BC,. Legally tripping: a qualitative profile of Salvia divinorum use among young adults. J Psychoactive Drugs 2011; 43: 46-54.
    • (2011) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.43 , pp. 46-54
    • Kelly, B.C.1
  • 44
    • 0141962563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A
    • Mowry M, Mosher M, Briner W,. Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A. J Psychoactive Drugs 2003; 35: 379-82.
    • (2003) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.35 , pp. 379-382
    • Mowry, M.1    Mosher, M.2    Briner, W.3
  • 45
    • 67649966316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent psychosis associated with salvia divinorum use
    • Przekop P, Lee T,. Persistent psychosis associated with salvia divinorum use. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166: 832.
    • (2009) Am J Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 832
    • Przekop, P.1    Lee, T.2
  • 46
    • 52649140032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic psychosis after intake of the hallucinogen salvinorin A
    • Paulzen M, Gründer G,. Toxic psychosis after intake of the hallucinogen salvinorin A. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69: 1501-2.
    • (2008) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 1501-1502
    • Paulzen, M.1    Gründer, G.2
  • 47
    • 84890488787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kratom exposures reported to Texas poison centers
    • Forrester MB,. Kratom exposures reported to Texas poison centers. J Addict Dis 2013; 32: 396-400.
    • (2013) J Addict Dis , vol.32 , pp. 396-400
    • Forrester, M.B.1
  • 48
    • 77953808685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The informal use of ketum (Mitragyna speciosa) for opioid withdrawal in the northern states of peninsular Malaysia and implications for drug substitution therapy
    • Vicknasingam B, Narayanan S, Beng GT, Mansor SM,. The informal use of ketum (Mitragyna speciosa) for opioid withdrawal in the northern states of peninsular Malaysia and implications for drug substitution therapy. Int J Drug Policy 2010; 21: 283-8.
    • (2010) Int J Drug Policy , vol.21 , pp. 283-288
    • Vicknasingam, B.1    Narayanan, S.2    Beng, G.T.3    Mansor, S.M.4
  • 49
    • 84891835181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) extract
    • Stolt A-C, Schroder H, Neurath H, et al. Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) extract. Psychopharmacology 2014; 231: 13-25.
    • (2014) Psychopharmacology , vol.231 , pp. 13-25
    • Stolt, A.-C.1    Schroder, H.2    Neurath, H.3
  • 50
    • 44149100064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth)
    • Boyer EW, Babu KM, Adkins JE, McCurdy CR, Halpern JH,. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth). Addiction 2008; 103: 1048-50.
    • (2008) Addiction , vol.103 , pp. 1048-1050
    • Boyer, E.W.1    Babu, K.M.2    Adkins, J.E.3    McCurdy, C.R.4    Halpern, J.H.5
  • 51
    • 84870879775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of kratom: An emerging botanical agent with stimulant, analgesic and opioid-like effects
    • Prozialeck WC, Jivan JK, Andurkar SV,. Pharmacology of kratom: an emerging botanical agent with stimulant, analgesic and opioid-like effects. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2012; 112: 792-9.
    • (2012) J Am Osteopath Assoc , vol.112 , pp. 792-799
    • Prozialeck, W.C.1    Jivan, J.K.2    Andurkar, S.V.3
  • 53
    • 78650054059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure and coma following kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure
    • Nelsen JL, Lapoint J, Hodgman MJ, Aldous K,. Seizure and coma following kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure. J Med Toxicol 2010; 6: 424-6.
    • (2010) J Med Toxicol , vol.6 , pp. 424-426
    • Nelsen, J.L.1    Lapoint, J.2    Hodgman, M.J.3    Aldous, K.4
  • 56
    • 84856830098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coincidence of addiction to "kratom" and severe primary hypothyroidism
    • Sheleg SV, Collins GB,. A coincidence of addiction to "Kratom" and severe primary hypothyroidism. J Addict Med 2011; 5: 300-1.
    • (2011) J Addict Med , vol.5 , pp. 300-301
    • Sheleg, S.V.1    Collins, G.B.2
  • 57
    • 79955464113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kratom alkaloids and O-desmethyltramadol in urine of a "krypton" herbal mixture consumer
    • Arndt T, Claussen U, Gussregen B, et al. Kratom alkaloids and O-desmethyltramadol in urine of a "Krypton" herbal mixture consumer. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 208: 47-52.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci Int , vol.208 , pp. 47-52
    • Arndt, T.1    Claussen, U.2    Gussregen, B.3
  • 58
    • 79954582489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintentional fatal intoxications with mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol from the herbal blend Krypton
    • Kronstrand R, Roman M, Thelander G, Eriksson A,. Unintentional fatal intoxications with mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol from the herbal blend Krypton. J Anal Toxicol 2011; 35: 242-7.
    • (2011) J Anal Toxicol , vol.35 , pp. 242-247
    • Kronstrand, R.1    Roman, M.2    Thelander, G.3    Eriksson, A.4
  • 60
    • 27344459171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antinociception, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms induced by 7-hydroxymitragynine, an alkaloid from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa
    • Matsumoto K, Horie S, Takayama H, et al. Antinociception, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms induced by 7-hydroxymitragynine, an alkaloid from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa. Life Sci 2005; 78: 2-7.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.78 , pp. 2-7
    • Matsumoto, K.1    Horie, S.2    Takayama, H.3
  • 61
    • 77956073875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case report of inpatient detoxification after kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence
    • McWhirter L, Morris S,. A case report of inpatient detoxification after kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence. Eur Addict Res 2010; 16: 229-31.
    • (2010) Eur Addict Res , vol.16 , pp. 229-231
    • McWhirter, L.1    Morris, S.2
  • 62
    • 9444250154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and pharmacology of analgesic indole alkaloids from the rubiaceous plant, Mitragyna speciosa
    • Takayama H,. Chemistry and pharmacology of analgesic indole alkaloids from the rubiaceous plant, Mitragyna speciosa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52: 916-28.
    • (2004) Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) , vol.52 , pp. 916-928
    • Takayama, H.1
  • 63
    • 84880507655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking worse: The emergence of krokodil and excessive injuries among people who inject drugs in Eurasia
    • Grund J-PC, Latypov A, Harris M,. Breaking worse: the emergence of krokodil and excessive injuries among people who inject drugs in Eurasia. Int J Drug Policy 2013; 24: 265-74.
    • (2013) Int J Drug Policy , vol.24 , pp. 265-274
    • Grund, J.-P.1    Latypov, A.2    Harris, M.3
  • 65
    • 84894317836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Krokodil" - A designer drug from across the Atlantic, with serious consequences
    • Thekkemuriyi DV, John SG, Pillai U,. "Krokodil"-a designer drug from across the Atlantic, with serious consequences. Am J Med 2014; 127: e1-2.
    • (2014) Am J Med , vol.127 , pp. e1-e2
    • Thekkemuriyi, D.V.1    John, S.G.2    Pillai, U.3
  • 66
    • 0000943668 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect: Clinical experience; Potency, side-effects, addiction liability
    • Eddy NB, Halbach H, Braenden OJ,. Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect: clinical experience; potency, side-effects, addiction liability. Bull World Health Organ 1957; 17: 569-863.
    • (1957) Bull World Health Organ , vol.17 , pp. 569-863
    • Eddy, N.B.1    Halbach, H.2    Braenden, O.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.