Mind reading using neuroimaging: Is this the future of deception detection?

European Psychologist

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 172-183

  Gamer, Matthias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

Author keywords

Concealed Information Test; Deception; Fmri; Mind reading; Neuroimaging

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922478241     PISSN: 10169040     EISSN: 1878531X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000193     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Abe, N., Okuda, J., Suzuki, M., Sasaki, H., Matsuda, T., Mori, E., Fuji, T. (2008). Neural correlates of true memory, false memory, and deception. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 2811-2819.
2. Abe, N., Suzuki, M., Mori, E., Itoh, M., & Fujii, T. (2007). Deceiving others: Distinct neural responses of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in simple fabrication and deception with social interactions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 287-295.
3. Abe, N., Suzuki, M., Tsukiura, T., Mori, E., Yamaguchi, K., Itoh, M., & Fujii, T. (2006). Dissociable roles of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in deception. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 192-199.
4. Aron, A. R., Robbins, T. W., & Poldrack, R. A. (2004). Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 170-177.
5. Ben-Shakhar, G. (2002). A critical review of the Control Question Test (CQT). In M. Kleiner (Ed.), Handbook of polygraph testing (pp. 103-126). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
6. Ben-Shakhar, G., & Dolev, K. (1996). Psychophysiological detection through the guilty knowledge technique: Effects of mental countermeasures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 273-281.
7. Ben-Shakhar, G., & Elaad, E. (2003). The validity of psychophysiological detection of information with the Guilty Knowledge Test: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 131-151.
8. Ben-Shakhar, G., & Furedy, J. J. (1990). Theories and applications in the detection of deception: A psychophysiological and international perspective. New York, NY: Springer.
9. Bhatt, S., Mbwana, J., Adeyemo, A., Sawyer, A., Hailu, A., & Vanmeter, J. (2009). Lying about facial recognition: An fMRI study. Brain and Cognition, 69, 382-390. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.033
10. Bles, M., & Haynes, J.-D. (2008). Detecting concealed information using brain-imaging technology. Neurocase, 14, 82-92.
11. Buchsbaum, B. R., Lemire-Rodger, S., Fang, C., & Abdi, H. (2012). The neural basis of vivid memory is patterned on perception. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 1867-1883. doi: 10.1162/jocn-a-00253
12. Christ, S. E., Van Essen, D. C., Watson, J. M., Brubaker, L. E., & McDermott, K. B. (2009). The contributions of prefrontal cortex and executive control to deception: Evidence from activation likelihood estimate meta-analyses. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 1557-1566. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn189
13. Corbetta, M., Patel, G., & Shulman, G. L. (2008). The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind. Neuron, 58, 306-324. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.017
14. Cui, X., Bray, S., Bryant, D. M., Glover, G. H., & Reiss, A. L. (2011). A quantitative comparison of NIRS and fMRI across multiple cognitive tasks. NeuroImage, 54, 2808-2821. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.069
15. Davatzikos, C., Ruparel, K., Fan, Y., Shen, D. G., Acharyya, M., Loughead, J. W., Langleben, D. D. (2005). Classifying spatial patterns of brain activity with machine learning methods: Application to lie detection. NeuroImage, 28, 663-668.
16. Debey, E., Verschuere, B., & Crombez, G. (2012). Lying and executive control: An experimental investigation using ego depletion and goal neglect. Acta Psychologica, 140, 133-141. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.03.004
17. Deceiving the law. (2008). Nature Neuroscience, 11, 1231. doi:10.1038/nn1108-1231
18. Ding, X. P., Du, X., Lei, D., Hu, C. S., Fu, G., & Chen, G. (2012). The neural correlates of identity faking and concealment: An FMRI study. PLoS One, 7, e48639. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048639
19. Downar, J., Crawley, A. P., Mikulis, D. J., & Davis, K. D. (2002). A cortical network sensitive to stimulus salience in a neutral behavioral context across multiple sensory modalities. Journal of Neurophysiology, 87, 615-620.
20. Fullam, R. S., McKie, S., & Dolan, M. C. (2009). Psychopathic traits and deception: Functional magnetic resonance imaging study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 229-235.
21. Furedy, J. J. (1986). Lie detection as psychophysiological differentiation: Some fine lines. In M. Coles, E. Donchin, & S. Porges (Eds.), Psychophysiology: Systems, processes, and applications - A handbook (pp. 683-700). New York, NY: Guilford.
22. Furedy, J. J., Davis, C., & Gurevich, M. (1988). Differentiation of deception as a psychological process: A psychophysiological approach. Psychophysiology, 25, 683-688.
23. Furedy, J. J., Gigliotti, F., & Ben-Shakhar, G. (1994). Electrodermal differentiation of deception: The effect of choice versus no choice of deceptive items. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 18, 13-22.
24. Gamer, M. (2010). Does the Guilty Actions Test allow for differentiating guilty participants from informed innocents? A re-examination. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 76, 19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.01.009
25. Gamer, M. (2011). Detecting of deception and concealed information using neuroimaging techniques. In B. Verschuere, G. Ben-Shakhar, & E. H. Meijer (Eds.), Memory detection: Theory and application of the Concealed Information Test (pp. 90-113). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
26. Gamer, M., Bauermann, T., Stoeter, P., & Vossel, G. (2007). Covariations among fMRI, skin conductance, and behavioral data during processing of concealed information. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 1287-1301. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20343
27. Gamer, M., Klimecki, O., Bauermann, T., Stoeter, P., & Vossel, G. (2012). fMRI-activation patterns in the detection of concealed information rely on memory-related effects. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 506-515. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsp005
28. Gamer, M., Verschuere, B., Crombez, G., & Vossel, G. (2008). Combining physiological measures in the detection of concealed information. Physiology & Behavior, 95, 333-340. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.06.011
29. Ganis, G., Kosslyn, S. M., Stose, S., Thompson, W. L., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2003). Neural correlates of different types of deception: An fMRI investigation. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 830-836.
30. Ganis, G., Rosenfeld, J. P., Meixner, J., Kievit, R. A., & Schendan, H. E. (2011). Lying in the scanner: Covert countermeasures disrupt deception detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage, 55, 312-319. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.025
31. Gçdert, H. W., Rill, H. G., & Vossel, G. (2001). Psychophysiological differentiation of deception: The effects of electrodermal lability and mode of responding on skin conductance and heart rate. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 40, 61-75.
32. Greely, H. T., & Illes, J. (2007). Neuroscience-based lie detection: The urgent need for regulation. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 33, 377-431.
33. Haynes, J.-D., & Rees, G. (2006). Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 523-534.
34. Honts, C. R. (2004). The psychophysiological detection of deception. In P. A. Granhag & L. A. Strçmwall (Eds.), The detection of deception in forensic contexts (pp. 103-123). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
35. Honts, C. R., & Amato, S. (2002). Countermeasures. In M. Kleiner (Ed.), Handbook of polygraph testing (pp. 251-264). New York, NY: Academic Press.
36. Honts, C. R., Devitt, M. K., Winbush, M., & Kircher, J. C. (1996). Mental and physical countermeasures reduce the accuracy of the concealed knowledge test. Psychophysiology, 33, 84-92.
37. Horowitz, S. W., Kircher, J. C., Honts, C. R., & Raskin, D. C. (1997). The role of comparison questions in physiological detection of deception. Psychophysiology, 34, 108-115.
38. Hu, X., Chen, H., & Fu, G. (2012). A repeated lie becomes a truth? The effect of intentional control and training on deception. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 488. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00488
39. Iacono, W. G. (2008). Effective policing: Understanding how polygraph tests work and are used. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35, 1295-1308. doi: 10.1177/0093854808321529
40. Ito, A., Abe, N., Fujii, T., Hayashi, A., Ueno, A., Mugikura, S., Mori, E. (2012). The contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the preparation for deception and truthtelling. Brain Research, 1464, 43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.004
41. Ito, A., Abe, N., Fujii, T., Ueno, A., Koseki, Y., Hashimoto, R., et al. (2011). The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in deception when remembering neutral and emotional events. Neuroscience Research, 69, 121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.11.001
42. Kim, H. (2011). Differential neural activity in the recognition of old versus new events: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 34, 814-836. doi:10.1002/hbm.21474
43. Kozel, F. A., Johnson, K. A., Grenesko, E. L., Laken, S. J., Kose, S., Lu, X., George, M. S. (2009). Functional MRI detection of deception after committing a mock sabotage crime. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54, 220-231.
44. Kozel, F. A., Johnson, K. A., Laken, S. J., Grenesko, E. L., Smith, J. A., Walker, J., & George, M. S. (2009). Can simultaneously acquired electrodermal activity improveaccuracy of fMRI detection of deception? Social Neuroscience, 4, 510-517. doi: 10.1080/17470910801907168
45. Kozel, F. A., Johnson, K. A., Mu, Q., Grenesko, E. L., Laken, S. J., & George, M. S. (2005). Detecting deception using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 605-613.
46. Kozel, F. A., Laken, S. J., Johnson, K. A., Boren, B., Mapes, K. S., Morgan, P. S., & George, M. S. (2009). Replication of functional MRI detection of deception. Open Forensic Science Journal, 2, 6-11.
47. Kozel, F. A., Padgett, T. M., & George, M. S. (2004). A replication study of the neural correlates of deception. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 852-856. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.118.4.852
48. Kozel, F. A., Revell, L. J., Lorberbaum, J. P., Shastri, A., Elhai, J. D., Horner, M. D., & George, M. S. (2004). A pilot study of functional magnetic resonance imaging brain correlates of deception in healthy young men. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 16, 295-305.
49. Langleben, D. D. (2008). Detection of deception with fMRI: Are we there yet? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 13, 1-9. doi: 10.1348/135532507X251641
50. Langleben, D. D., Loughead, J. W., Bilker, W. B., Ruparel, K., Childress, A. R., Busch, S. I., & Gur, R. C. (2005). Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event-related fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 26, 262-272.
51. Langleben, D. D., Schroeder, L., Maldjian, J. A., Gur, R. C., McDonald, S., Ragland, J. D., Childress, A. R. (2002). Brain activity during simulated deception: An event-related functional magnetic resonance study. NeuroImage, 15, 727-732.
52. Lee, T. M. C., Lee, T. M. Y., Raine, A., & Chan, C. C. H. (2010). Lying about the valence of affective pictures: An fMRI study. PLoS One, 5, e12291. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0012291
53. Lykken, D. T. (1959). The GSR in the detection of guilt. Journal of Applied Psychology, 43, 385-388.
54. Lykken, D. T. (1974). Psychology and the lie detector industry. American Psychologist, 29, 725-739.
55. Lykken, D. T. (1998). A tremor in the blood: Uses and abuses of the lie detector (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
56. MacLaren, V. V. (2001). A quantitative review of the Guilty Knowledge Test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 674-683.
57. Marchewka, A., Jednorog, K., Falkiewicz, M., Szeszkowski, W., Grabowska, A., & Szatkowska, I. (2012). Sex, lies and fMRI - gender differences in neural basis of deception. PLoS One, 7, e43076. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0043076
58. Marston, M. W. (1938). The lie detector test. New York, NY: Smith.
59. Matte, J. A. (1996). Forensic psychophysiology using the polygraph: Scientific truth verification - lie detection. Williamsville, NY: J. A. M.
60. McCabe, D. (2011). The influence of fMRI lie detection evidence on juror decision-making. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 577, 566-577. doi: 10.1002/bsl
61. Monteleone, G. T., Phan, K. L., Nusbaum, H. C., Fitzgerald, D., & Irick, J.-S. (2009). Detection of deception using fMRI: Better than chance, but well below perfection. Social Neuroscience, 4, 528-538. doi: 10.1080/17470910801903530
62. Nakayama, M. (2002). Practical use of the concealed information test for criminal investigation in Japan. In M. Kleiner (Ed.), Handbook of polygraph testing (pp. 49-86). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
63. National Research Council. (2003). The polygraph and lie detection. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
64. Nose, I., Murai, J., & Taira, M. (2009). Disclosing concealed information on the basis of cortical activations. NeuroImage, 44, 1380-1386.
65. NuÇez, J. M., Casey, B. J., Egner, T., Hare, T., & Hirsch, J. (2005). Intentional false responding shares neural substrates with response conflict and cognitive control. NeuroImage, 25, 267-277. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.041
66. Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (1989). Psychopathy, threat, and polygraph test accuracy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 347-355.
67. Phan, K. L., Magalhaes, A., Ziemlewicz, T. J., Fitzgerald, D. A., Green, C., & Smith, W. (2005). Neural correlates of telling lies: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 4 tesla. Academic Radiology, 12, 164-172.
68. Raskin, D., & Honts, C. R. (2002). The comparison question test. In M. Kleiner (Ed.), Handbook of polygraph testing (pp. 1-47). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
69. Reid, J. E. (1947). A revised questioning technique in lie detection tests. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 37, 542-547.
70. Ridderinkhof, K. R., Ullsperger, M., Crone, E. A., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2004). The role of the medial frontal cortex in cognitive control. Science, 306, 443-447. doi:10.1126/science.1100301
71. Rissman, J., Greely, H. T., & Wagner, A. D. (2010). Detecting individual memories through the neural decoding of memory states and past experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 9849-9854.
72. Rottschy, C., Langner, R., Dogan, I., Reetz, K., Laird, A. R., Schulz, J. B., Eickhoff, S. B. (2012). Modelling neural correlates of working memory: A coordinate-based metaanalysis. NeuroImage, 60, 830-846. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.050
73. Rusconi, E., & Mitchener-Nissen, T. (2013). Prospects of functional magnetic resonance imaging as lie detector. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 594. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00594
74. Schauer, F. (2010). Neuroscience, lie-detection, and the law: Contrary to the prevailing view, the suitability of brainbased lie-detection for courtroom or forensic use should be determined according to legal and not scientific standards. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 101-103.
75. Simpson, J. R. (2008). Functional MRI lie detection: Too good to be true? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 36, 491-498.
76. Sip, K. E., Carmel, D., Marchant, J. L., Li, J., Petrovic, P., Roepstorff, A., Frith, C. D. (2013). When Pinocchio's nose does not grow: Belief regarding lie-detectability modulates production of deception. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00016
77. Sip, K. E., Lynge, M., Wallentin, M., McGregor, W. B., Frith, C. D., & Roepstorff, A. (2010). The production and detection of deception in an interactive game. Neuropsychologia, 48, 3619-3626. doi: 10.1016/j. neuropsychologia.2010.08.013
78. Sip, K. E., Roepstorff, A., McGregor, W., & Frith, C. D. (2008). Detecting deception: The scope and limits. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.11.008
79. Spence, S. A., Farrow, T. F., Herford, A. E., Wilkinson, I. D., Zheng, Y., & Woodruff, P. W. (2001). Behavioural and functional anatomical correlates of deception in humans. Neuroreport, 12, 2849-2853.
80. Spence, S. A., Kaylor-Hughes, C. J., Brook, M. L., Lankappa, S. T., & Wilkinson, I. D. (2008). ''Munchausen's syndrome by proxy'' or a ''miscarriage of justice''? An initial application of functional neuroimaging to the question of guilt versus innocence. European Psychiatry, 23, 309-314.
81. Spence, S. A., Kaylor-Hughes, C., Farrow, T. F. D., & Wilkinson, I. D. (2008). Speaking of secrets and lies: The contribution of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to vocal deception. NeuroImage, 40, 1411-1418.
82. Tian, F., Sharma, V., Kozel, F. A., & Liu, H. (2009). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate hemodynamic responses to deception in the prefrontal cortex. Brain Research, 1303, 120-130.
83. United States v. Semrau, No. 07e10074 M1/P, Report and Recommendation (W.D. Tenn. May 31, 2010).
84. Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Moens, T., Suchotzki, K., Debey, E., & Spruyt, A. (2012). Learning to lie: Effects of practice on the cognitive cost of lying. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1-8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00526
85. Verschuere, B., Spruyt, A., Meijer, E. H., & Otgaar, H. (2011). The ease of lying. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 908-911. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.10.023
86. Vrij, A. (2008). Detecting lies and deceit. Pitfalls and opportunities. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
87. Wilson v. Corestaff Services, L.P., 2010 NY Slip Op 20176, 1 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2010); 900 N.Y.S.2d 639; 2010 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 1044 (2010).