Putting Voters in their Place: Geography and Elections in Great Britain

Putting Voters in their Place: Geography and Elections in Great Britain

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-360

  Johnston, Ron ^a   Pattie, Charles ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Elections; Electoral behaviour; Electoral participation; Local forces; National forces; Party support; Voting

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921962525     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268047.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (517)

1. Agnew, J. A. (1987) Place and Politics: The Geographical Mediation of State and Society.Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin.
2. Agnew, J. A. (1990) From political methodology to geographical social theory? A critical review of electoral geography, 1960-1987. In R. J. Johnston, F. M. Shelley, and P. J. Taylor, editors, Developments in Electoral Geography. London: Croom Helm, 15-21.
3. Agnew, J. A. (1996a) 'Mapping politics: how context counts in electoral geography.' Political Geography, 15: 129-46.
4. Agnew, J. A. (1996b) 'Maps and models in political studies: a reply to comments.' Political Geography, 15: 165-7.
5. Agnew, J. A. (2002) Place and Politics in Modern Italy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
6. Agnew, J. A. and Duncan, J. S., editors (1989) The Power of Place: Bringing Together Geographical and Sociological Imaginations. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
7. Aidt, T. S. (2000) 'Economic voting and information.' Electoral Studies, 19: 349-62.
8. Akerlof, G. A. (1997) 'Social distance and social decisions.' Econometrica, 65: 1005-27.
9. Alford, R. R. (1964) Party and Society. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
10. Andersen, R. and Heath, A. (2002) 'Class matters: the persisting effects of contextual social class on individual voting in Britain, 1964-97.' European Sociological Review, 18: 125-38.
11. Andersen, R., Tilley, J. and Heath, A. F. (2005) 'Political knowledge and enlightened preferences: party choice through the electoral cycle.' British Journal of Political Science, 35: 285-302.
12. Anderson, C. J. (2000) 'Economic voting and political context: a comparative perspective.' Electoral Studies, 19: 151-70.
13. Anderson, C. J. and Paskeviciute, A. (2005) Macro-politics and micro-behaviour: mainstream politics and the frequency of political discussion in contemporary democracies. In A. S. Zuckerman, editor, The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 228-48.
14. Anderson, C. J., Mendes, S. M. and Tverdova, Y. V. (2004) 'Endogenous economic voting: evidence from the 1997 British election.' Electoral Studies, 23: 683-708.
15. Ansolabehere, S. and Iyengar, S. (1995) Going Negative: How Political Advertisements Shrink and Polarize the Electorate. New York: The Free Press.
16. Ballinger, C. (2002) The local battle, the cyber battle. In D. Butler and D. Kavanagh, editors, The British General Election of 2001. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 208-34.
17. Bara, J. and Budge, I. (2001) Party policy and ideology: still New Labour? In P. Norris, editor, Britain Votes 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 26-42.
18. Barnett, M. J. (1973) 'Aggregate models of British voting behaviour.' Political Studies, 21: 121-34.
19. Bartle, J. (1997) Political awareness and heterogeneity in models of voting: some evidence from the British Election Studies. In C. J. Pattie, D. T. Denver, J. Fisher, and S. Ludlam, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 7. London: Frank Cass, 1-22.
20. Bartolini, S. (2000) The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860-1980: The Class Cleavage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21. Bealey, F., Blondel, J. and McCann, W. (1965) Constituency Politics. London: Faber and Faber.
22. Beck, P. A. (2002) 'Encouraging political defection: the role of personal discussion networks in partisan desertions to the opposition party and Perot votes in 1992.' Political Behavior, 24: 309-37.
23. Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J., Greene, S. and Huckfeldt, R. (2002) 'The social calculus of voting: interpersonal, media and organizational influences on Presidential choices.' American Political Science Review, 96: 57-73.
24. Bennett, S. E., Flickinger, R. S. and Rhine, S. L. (2000) 'Political talk over here, over there and over time.' British Journal of Political Science, 30: 99-119.
25. Benney, M. and Geiss, P. (1950) 'Social class and politics in Greenwich.' British Journal of Sociology, 1: 310-27.
26. Benney, M., Gray, A. P. and Pear, R. H. (1956) How People Vote: A Study of Electoral Behaviour. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
27. Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P. F. and McPhee, W. N. (1954) Voting. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
28. Berinsky, A. J., Burns, N. and Traugott, M. W. (2001) 'Who votes by mail? A dynamic model of the individual-level consequences of voting-by-mail systems.' Public Opinion Quarterly, 65: 178-97.
29. Berrington, H. (1965) 'The British general election of 1964.' Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society), 128: 17-66.
30. Birch, A. H. (1959) Small Town Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Blau, A. (2001) Partisan bias in British general elections. In J. Tonge, L. Bennie, D. Denver, and L. Harrison, editors, British Elections and Parties Review Volume 11. London: Frank Cass, 46-65.
32. Blount, S. (2002) 'Unemployment and economic voting.' Electoral Studies, 21: 91-100.
33. Bochel, J. M. and Denver, D. (1971) 'Canvassing, turnout and party support: an experiment.' British Journal of Political Science, 1: 257-69.
34. Bochel, J. M. and Denver, D. (1972) 'The impact of the campaign on the results of local government elections.' British Journal of Political Science, 2: 239-44.
35. Bogdanor, V. (1983) Multi-Party Politics and the Constitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Bogdanor, V. (1986) Letter to the Editor. Environment and Planning A 18: 1537.
37. Books, C. L. and Prysby, J. W. (1991) Political Behavior and the Local Context. New York: Praeger.
38. Brady, H. E., Verba, S. and Schlozman, K. L. (1995) 'Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation.' American Political Science Review, 89: 271-94.
39. Brookes, R. H. (1959) 'Electoral distortion in New Zealand.' Australian Journal of Politics and History, 5: 218-23.
40. Brookes, R. H. (1960) 'The analysis of distorted representation in two-party, singlemember elections.' Political Science, 12: 158-67.
41. Buck, N. H. (2001) 'Identifying neighbourhood effects on social exclusion.' Urban Studies, 38: 2251-75.
42. Budge, I. (1999) Party policy and ideology: reversing the 1950s? In G. Evans and P. Norris, editors, Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-Term Perspective. London: Sage Publications, 1-21.
43. Burbank, M. J. (1995) How do contextual effects work? Developing a theoretical model. In M. Eagles, editor, Spatial and Contextual Models in Political Research. London: Taylor and Francis, 165-76.
44. Butler, D. (1951) The results analysed. In H. G. Nicholas, editor, The British General Election of 1950. London: Macmillan, 333.
45. Butler, D. (1963) The Electoral System in Britain since 1918. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
46. Butler, D. and Kavanagh, D. (1988) The British General Election of 1987. London: Macmillan.
47. Butler, D. and Kavanagh, D. (1992) The British General Election of 1992. Basing-stoke: Macmillan.
48. Butler, D. and Kavanagh, D. (2002) The British General Election of 2001. London: Macmillan.
49. Butler, D. and McLean, I. (1996) The redrawing of Parliamentary boundaries in Britain. In I. McLean and D. Butler, editors, Fixing the Boundaries: Defining and Redefining Single-Member Electoral Districts. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1-38.
50. Butler, D. and Pinto-Duschinsky, M. (1971) The British General Election of 1970. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
51. Butler, D. and Stokes, D. (1969) Political Change in Britain: Forces Shaping Electoral Choice. London: Macmillan.
52. Butler, D. and Stokes, D. (1974) Political Change in Britain: The Evolution of Electoral Choice. London: Macmillan.
53. Butler, D. and Westlake, M. (2000) British Politics and European Elections 1999.Basingstoke: Macmillan.
54. Cain, B. E., Ferejohn, J. A. and Fiorina, M. P. (1984) 'The constituency service basis of the personal vote for US Representatives and British Members of Parliament.' American Political Science Review, 78: 110-25.
55. Cain, B. E., Ferejohn, J. A. and Fiorina, M. P. (1987) The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
56. Campbell, A., Guerin, G. and Miller, W. E. (1954) The Voter Decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
57. Campbell, A., Converse, P., Miller, W. E. and Stokes, D. E. (1960) The American Voter.New York: John Wiley.
58. Carty, R. K. and Eagles, M. (1999) 'Do local campaigns matter? Campaign spending, the local canvass and party support in Canada.' Electoral Studies, 18: 69-88.
59. Carty, R. K. and Eagles, M. (2000) 'Is there a local dimension to modern election campaigns? Party activists' perceptions of the media and electoral coverage of Canadian constituency politics.' Political Communications, 17: 279-94.
60. Clarke, H. D. and Stewart, M. C. (1995) 'Economic evaluations, prime ministerial approval and governing party support: rival models reconsidered.' British Journal of Political Science, 25: 597-622.
61. Clarke, H. D., Ho, K. and Stewart, M. C. (2000) 'Major's lesser (not minor) effects: prime ministerial approval and governing party support in Britain since 1979.' Electoral Studies, 19: 255-73.
62. Clarke, H. D., Mishler, W. and Whiteley, P. (1990) Recapturing the Falklands: models of Conservative popularity, 1979-1983. British Journal of Political Science 20:63-81.
63. Clarke, H. D., Stewart, M. C. and Whiteley, P. F. (1997) 'Tory trends: party identification and the dynamics of Conservative support since 1992.' British Journal of Political Science, 26: 299-318.
64. Clarke, H. D., Stewart, M. C. and Whiteley, P. F. (1998) 'New models for New Labour: the political economy of Labour party support, January 1992-April 1997.' American Political Science Review, 92: 559-75.
65. Clarke, H. D., Sanders, D., Stewart. M. C. and Whiteley, P. F. (2004) Political Choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
66. Conover, P. J., Searing, D. and Crewe, I. (2002) 'The deliberative potential of political discussion.' British Journal of Political Science, 32: 21-62.
67. Cook, C. and Ramsden, J. (1997) By-Elections in British Politics, 2nd edn. London: UCL Press.
68. Cook, G. (2002) The Labour campaign. In J. Bartle, R. Mortimore, and S. Atkinson, editors, Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 2001. London: Frank Cass, 87-97.
69. Cowley, P. J. (2002) Revolts and Rebellions: Parliamentary Voting under Blair. London: Politico's.
70. Cowley, P. J. (2005) The Rebels: How Blair Mislaid his Majority. London: Politico's.
71. Cowley, P. J. and Stuart, M. (2005) 'Being policed, or just pleasing themselves? Electoral rewards and punishment for legislative behaviour in an era of localised campaigning-the case of the UK in 2005. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Political Studies Association Specialist Group on Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, University of Essex, September 2005. Available at Cox, K. R. (1968) Suburbia and voting behavior in the London metropolitan area.' Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 58: 111-27.
72. Cox, K. R. (1969a) The voting decision in a spatial context. In C. Board, R. J. Chorley, P. Haggett and D. R. Stoddart, editors, Progress in Geography 1. London: Edward Arnold, 83-117.
73. Cox, K. R. (1969b) The spatial structuring of information flow and partisan attitudes. In M. Dogan and S. Rokkan, editors, Quantitative Ecological Analysis in the Social Sciences.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 157-85.
74. Cox, K. R. (1969c) Voting in the London suburbs: a factor analysis and a causal model. In M. Dogan and S. Rokkan, editors, Quantitative Ecological Analysis in the Social Sciences.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 343-69.
75. Cox, K. R. (1970a) Geography, social contexts and voting behavior in Wales, 1861-1951. In E. Allardt and S. Rokkan, editors, Mass Politics. New York: The Free Press, 117-59.
76. Cox, K. R. (1970b) 'Residential relocation and political behavior: conceptual model and empirical tests.' Acta Sociologica, 13: 40-53.
77. Crewe, I. (1973) 'The politics of 'affluent' and 'traditional' workers in Britain: an aggregate data analysis.' British Journal of Political Science, 3: 29-52.
78. Crewe, I. (1981) Electoral participation. In D. Butler, H. R. Penniman, and A. Ranney, editors, Democracy at the Polls. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 216-63.
79. Crewe, I. (1986) 'On the death and resurrection of class voting: some comments on' how Britain votes. Political Studies, 35: 620-38.
80. Crewe, I. (2002) A new political hegemony? In A. King, editor, Britain at the Polls, 2001. New York: Chatham House, 207-32.
81. Crewe, I. and King, A. (1995) SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
82. Crewe, I. and Payne, C. (1971) Analysing the census data. In D. Butler and M. Pinto-Duschinsky, editors, The British General Election of 1970. London: Macmillan, 416-36.
83. Crewe, I. and Payne, C. (1976) Another game with nature: an ecological regression model of the British two-party vote ratio in 1970. British Journal of Political Science 6:43-81.
84. Crewe, I., Fox, T. and Alt, J. (1977) Non-voting in British general elections, 1966-October 1974. In C. Crouch, editor, British Political Sociology Yearbook 3. London: Croom Helm.
85. Crewe, I., Särlvik, B. and Alt, J. (1977) 'Partisan dealignment in Britain, 1964-1974.' British Journal of Political Science, 7: 129-90.
86. Crick, M. (1998) Statement to the Neil Committee. Memorandum 16/386. Neill Committee on Standards in Public Life, 5th Report: The Funding of Political Parties in the United Kingdom. Volume 2, Written Evidence and Other Material. London: HMSO, Report CM 4057-II.
87. Curtice, J. (1995) Is talking over the garden fence of political import? In M. Eagles, editor, Spatial and Contextual Models in Political Research. London: Taylor and Francis, 195-209.
88. Curtice, J. (2005) Turnout: electors stay home-again. Parliamentary Affairs 58:776-85.
89. Curtice, J. and Park, A. (1999) Region: New Labour, new geography? In G. Evans and P. Norris, editors, Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long-Term Perspective. London: Sage Publications, 124-47.
90. Curtice, J. and Semetko, H. (1994) Does it matter what the papers say? In A. Heath, R. Jowell, J. Curtice, and B. Taylor, editors, Labour's Last Chance? The 1992 Election and Beyond. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 43-64.
91. Curtice, J. and Steed, M. (1980) The results analysed. In D. Butler and D. Kavanagh, editors, The British General Election of 1979. London: Macmillan, 390-431.
92. Curtice, J. and Steed, M. (1982) 'Electoral choice and the production of government: the changing operation of the electoral system in the United Kingdom since 1955.' British Journal of Political Science, 12: 249-98.
93. Curtice, J. and Steed, M. (1984) The results analysed. In D. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1983. London: Macmillan, 333-73.
94. Curtice, J. and Steed, M. (1988) Analysis. In D. Butler and O. Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1987. London: Macmillan, 316-62.
95. Curtice, J. and Steed, M. (1997) The results analysed. In D. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1997. London: Macmillan, 295-325.
96. Curtice, J. and Steed, M. (2002) An analysis of the results. In D. Butler and D. Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1983. London: Macmillan, 304-38.
97. Cutts, D. J. (2006a) 'Continuous campaigning and electoral outcomes: the Liberal Democrats in Bath.' Political Geography, 25: 72-88.
98. Cutts, D. J. (2006b) Did Liberal Democrat activism really matter? British Journal of Politics and International Relations 8: in press.
99. Cutts, D. J. (2006c) 'Where we work we win': examining Liberal Democrat campaigning at the sub-national level using a case study approach. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 2: in press.
100. Dalton, R. J. (2000) The decline of party identifications. In R. J. Dalton and M. P. Wattenberg, editors, Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19-36.
101. Dalton, R. J. (2002) Citizen Politics. New York: Seven Bridges Press.
102. Dalton, R. J. and Wattenberg, M. J. (2002) Unthinkable democracy: political change in advanced industrial democracies. In R. J. Dalton and M. J. Wattenberg, editors, Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3-18.
103. Dalton, R. J., McAllister, I. and Wattenberg, M. P. (2000) The consequences of partisan dealignment. In R. J. Dalton and M. P. Wattenberg, editors, Parties Without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. 37-63.
104. Deakin, N. (1965) Colour and the British Electorate 1964: Six Case Studies. London: Pall Mall Press.
105. Denver, D. T. (1995) Non-voting in Britain. In J. Font and R. Viro's, editors, Electoral Abstention in Europe. Barcelona: Institut de Cie`nces Politiques i Sociale, 181-98.
106. Denver, D. T. (2001) The Liberal Democrat campaign. In P. Norris, editor, Britain Votes 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 74-85.
107. Denver, D. T. (2003) Elections and Voters in Britain. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
108. Denver, D. T. and Halfacree, K. (1992) 'Inter-constituency migration and turnout at the British general election of 1983.' British Journal of Political Science, 22: 248-54.
109. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (1974) 'Marginality and turnout in general elections.' British Journal of Political Science, 4: 17-35.
110. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (1985) 'Marginality and turnout in general elections in the 1970s.' British Journal of Political Science, 15: 381-88.
111. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (1992) 'Constituency campaigning.' Parliamentary Affairs, 45: 528-44.
112. Denver, D. T and Hands, G. (1996) Constituency campaigning in the 1992 General Election: the peculiar case of the Conservatives. In D. M. Farrell, D. Broughton, D. Denver, and J. Fisher, editors, British Elections and Parties Yearbook 1996. London: Frank Cass, 85-105.
113. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (1997a) 'Challengers, incumbents and the impact of constituency campaigning in Britain.' Electoral Studies, 16: 175-93.
114. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (1997b) Modern Constituency Electioneering: Local Campaigning in the 1992 General Election. London: Frank Cass.
115. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (1998) Constituency campaigning in the 1997 general election: party effort and electoral effect. In I. Crewe, B. Gosschalk, and J. Bartle, editors, Political Communications: Why Labour Won the General Election of 1997. London: Frank Cass, 75-92.
116. Denver, D. T. and Hands, G. (2004) 'Labour's targeted constituency campaigning: nationally directed or locally produced?' Electoral Studies, 23: 709-26.
117. Denver, D. T., Hands, G. and Henig, S. (1998) Triumph of targeting? Constituency campaigning in the 1997 Election. In D. Denver, J. Fisher, P. Cowley, and C. Pattie, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 8: the 1997 General Election. London: Frank Cass, 171-90.
118. Denver, D. T., Hands, G. and McAllister, I. (2004) 'The electoral impact of constituency campaigning in Britain, 1992-2001.' Political Studies, 52: 289-306.
119. Denver, D. T., Hands, G., Fisher, J. and McAllister, I. (2002a) Constituency campaigning in 2001: the effectiveness of targeting. In J. Bartle, R. Mortimore, and S. Atkinson, editors, Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 2001. London: Frank Cass, 159-80.
120. Denver, D. T., Hands, G., Fisher, J. and McAllister, I. (2002b) The impact of constituency campaigning in the 2001 General Election. In L. Bennie, C. Rallings, J. Tonge, and P. Webb, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 12: The 2001 General Election. London: Frank Cass, 80-94.
121. Denver, D. T., Hands, G., Fisher, J. and McAllister, I. (2003) 'Constituency campaigning in Britain, 1992-2001: centralization and modernization.' Party Politics, 9: 541-59.
122. Devine, F. (1992) Affluent Workers Revisited: Privatism and the Working Class.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
123. Dorling, D. (1994) 'The future negative equity map of Britain.' Area, 26: 327-42.
124. Dorling, D. and Cornford, J. (1995) 'Who has negative equity? How house price falls have hit different groups of buyers.' Housing Studies, 10: 151-78.
125. Dorling, D., Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. (1998) 'The epidemiology of the Liberal Democrat vote.' Political Geography, 17: 45-70.
126. Dorling, D., Eyre, H., Johnston, R. and Pattie, C. (2002) 'A good place to bury bad news? Hiding the detail in the geography on the Labour party's website.' Political Quarterly, 73: 476-92.
127. Downs, A. (1957) An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
128. Duke, V. and Edgell, S. (1984) 'Public expenditure cuts in Britain and consumption sectoral cleavages.' International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 8: 177-99.
129. Duncan, G. J. and Raudenbush, S. (2001) Neighbourhoods and adolescent development: how can we determine the links? In A. Booth and N. Crouter, editors, Does it Take a Village? Community effects on Children, Adolescents, and Families. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 105-36.
130. Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K. A. and Ludwig, J. (2004) 'The endogeneity problem in developmental studies.' Research in Human Development, 1: 59-80.
131. Dunleavy, P. J. (1979) 'The urban basis of political alignment: social class, domestic property ownership and state intervention in consumption processes.' British Journal of Political Science, 9: 409-43.
132. Dunleavy, P. J. (1980) 'The urban basis of political alignment: a rejoinder to Harrop.' British Journal of Political Science, 10: 398-402.
133. Dunleavy, P. J. (1991) Democracy, Bureaucracy and Public Choice: Economic Explanations in Political Science. London: Harvester.
134. Dunleavy, P. J. and Husbands, C. T. (1985) British Democracy at the Crossroads: Voting and Party Competition in the 1980s. London: George Allen & Unwin.
135. Eagles, M. (1990) An ecological perspective on working class political behaviour: neighbourhood and class formation in Sheffield. In R. J. Johnston, F. M. Shelley, and P. J. Taylor, editors, Developments in Electoral Geography. London: Croom Helm, 100-20.
136. Eagles, M. (1993) 'Money and votes in Canada: campaign spending and parliamentary election outcomes 1984 and 1988.' Canadian Public Policy-Analyse de Politiques, 19: 432-49.
137. Eagles, M. and Erfle, S. (1988) 'Community cohesion and working class politics: workplaceresidence separation and Labour support, 1966-1983.' Political Geography Quarterly, 7: 229-50.
138. Eagles, M. and Erfle, S. (1989) 'Community cohesion and voter turnout in English parliamentary elections.' British Journal of Political Science, 19: 115-25.
139. Eagles, M., Bélanger, P. and Calkins, H. W. (2004) The spatial structure of urban political discussion networks. In M. F. Goodchild and D. G. Janelle, editors, Spatially Integrated Social Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 205-18.
140. Electoral Commission (2002a) Election 2001: Campaign Spending. London: The Electoral Commission.
141. Electoral Commission (2002b) Modernising Elections: A Strategic Evaluation of the 2002 Electoral Pilot Schemes. London: The Electoral Commission.
142. Electoral Commission (2003) The Shape of Elections to Come: A Strategic Evaluation of the 2003 Electoral Pilot Schemes. London: The Electoral Commission.
143. Electoral Commission (2004a) Delivering Democracy? The Future of Postal Voting.London: The Electoral Commission.
144. Electoral Commission (2004b) Election Expenditure and Donations: Guidance for Candidates and Election Agents. London: The Electoral Commission.
145. Electoral Commission (2005) Election 2005: Turnout. How Many, Who and Why? London: The Electoral Commission.
146. Engstrom, R. N. and Kenny, C. (2002) 'The effects of independent expenditures in Senate elections.' Political Research Quarterly, 55: 885-905.
147. Erikson, R. S., MacKuen, M. B. and Stimson, J. A. (1998) 'What moves macroparti-sanship? A response to Green, Palmquist and Schikler.' American Political Science Review, 92: 901-12.
148. Erikson, R. S., MacKuen, M. B. and Stimson, J. A. (2000) 'Bankers or peasants revisited: economic expectations and Presidential approval.' Electoral Studies, 19: 295-312.
149. Evans, G. (1999a) 'Economics and politics revisited: exploring the decline in Conservative support, 1992-1995.' Political Studies, 47: 139-51.
150. Evans, G. (1999b) 'Economics, politics and the pursuit of exogeneity: why Pattie, Johnston and Sanders are wrong.' Political Studies, 47: 933-8.
151. Evans, G. and Andersen, R. (2004) Do issues decide? Partisan conditioning and perceptions of party issue positions across the electoral cycle. In R. Scully, J. Fisher, P. Webb, and D. Broughton, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 14. London: Frank Cass, 18-39.
152. Evans, G. and Andersen, R. (2006) 'The political conditioning of economic perceptions.' The Journal of Politics, 68: 194-207.
153. Evans, G. and Heath, A. (1993) A tactical error in the analysis of tactical voting: a response to Niemi, Whitten and Franklin. British Journal of Political Science 23:131-7.
154. Evans, G. and Heath, A. (1995) 'The measurement of left-right and libertarianauthoritarian values: a comparison of balanced and unbalanced scales.' Quality and Quantity, 29: 191-206.
155. Evans, G., Curtice, J. and Norris, P. (1998) New Labour, new tactical voting? The causes and consequences of tactical voting in the 1997 general election. In D. Denver, J. Fisher, P. Cowley, and C. Pattie, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 8. London; Frank Cass, 65-79.
156. Evans, G., Heath, A. and Lalljee, M. (1996) 'Measuring left-right and libertarianauthoritarian attitudes in the British electorate.' British Journal of Sociology, 47: 93-112.
157. Fearon, J. D. (1998) Deliberation as discussion. In J. Elster, editor, Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 44-68.
158. Field, W. H. (1997) Regional Dynamics: The Basis of Electoral Support in Britain.London: Frank Cass.
159. Fieldhouse, E. A. (1995) 'Thatcherism and the changing geography of political attitudes, 1964-87.' Political Geography, 14: 3-30.
160. Fieldhouse, E. A. and Cutts, D. J. (2005) The Liberal Democrats: Steady Progress or Failure to Seize the Moment? In A. Geddes and J. Tonge, editors, Britain Decides: The UK General Election 2005. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 70-88.
161. Fieldhouse, E. A. and Purdam, K. (2002) Voter Engagement among Black and Minority Ethnic Communities. London: The Electoral Commission.
162. Fieldhouse, E. A. and Russell, A. T. (2001) Latent Liberalism? Sympathy and support for the Liberal Democrats at the 1997 general election. Party Politics 7: 711-38.
163. Finifter, A. (1974) The friendship group as a protective environment for political deviants.American Political Science Review 68: 607-25.
164. Fiorina, M. (1981) Retrospective Voting In American National Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
165. Fisher, J. (1999a) 'Modelling the decision to donate by individual party members: the case of British parties.' Party Politics, 5: 19-38.
166. Fisher, J. (1999b) 'Party expenditure and electoral prospects: a national level analysis of Britain.' Electoral Studies, 18: 519-32.
167. Fisher, J. (2000a) 'Economic performance or electoral necessity? Evaluating the system of voluntary income to political parties.' British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2: 179-204.
168. Fisher, J. (2000b) Small kingdoms and crumbling organizations: examining the variation in constituency part membership and resources. In P. Cowley, D. Denver, A. Russell, and L. Harrison, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 10. London: Frank Cass, 133-50.
169. Fisher, J., Denver, D. and Hands, G. (2006) The relative electoral impact of central party co-ordination and size of party membership at constituency level. Electoral Studies 25: in press.
170. Fisher, J., Denver, D., Fieldhouse, E., Cutts, D. and Russell, A. (2005) 'Constituency campaigning in the 2005 British General Election. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Political Studies Association Specialist Group on Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, University of Essex, September 2005. Available at Fisher, S. (2000) Class contextual effects on the Conservative vote in 1983.' British Journal of Political Science, 30: 347-60.
171. Fisher, S. (2004) 'Definition and measurement of tactical voting: the role of rational choice.' British Journal of Political Science, 34: 152-66.
172. Fisher, S. and Curtice, J. (2005) Tactical unwind. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Political Studies Association Specialist Group on Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, University of Essex, September 2005. Available at Fishkin, J. S. (1995) The Voice of the People: Public Opinion and Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
173. Fitton, M. (1973) 'Neighbourhood and voting: a sociometric explanation.' British Journal of Political Science, 3: 445-72.
174. Foot, P. (1969) The Rise of Enoch Powell. London: Penguin Books.
175. Forrest, J., Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1999) 'The effectiveness of constituency campaign spending in Australian state elections during times of electoral volatility: the New South Wales case, 1988-1995.' Environment and Planning A, 31: 1119-28.
176. Franklin, M. N. (1985) The Decline of Class Voting in Britain Oxford: Oxford University Press.
177. Franklin, M. N. (1999) 'Electoral engineering and cross-national turnout differences: what role for compulsory voting?' British Journal of Political Science, 29: 205-24.
178. Franklin, M. N. (2002) The dynamics of electoral participation. In L. LeDuc, R. G. Niemi and P. Norris, editors, Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting. London: Sage, 148-68.
179. Franklin, M. N. (2004) Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies since 1945 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
180. Galbraith, J. K. (1992) The Culture of Contentment London: Sinclair-Stevenson.
181. Galbraith, J. W. and Rae, N. C. (1989) 'A test of the importance of tactical voting, Great Britain, 1987.' British Journal of Political Science, 19: 126-36.
182. Garrett, G. (1994) Popular capitalism: the electoral legacy of Thatcherism. In A. Heath, R. Jowell and J. Curtice, editors, Labour's Last Chance? The 1992 Election and Beyond. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 107-24.
183. Gelman, A. and King, G. (1993) 'Why are American presidential election campaign polls so variable when votes are so predictable?' British Journal of Political Science, 25: 409-51.
184. Gentle, C., Dorling, D. and Cornford, J. (1994) 'Negative equity and British housing in the 1990s: cause and effect.' Urban Studies, 31: 181-99.
185. Gerber, A. S. (1998) 'Estimating the effect of campaign spending on Senate election outcomes using instrumental variables.' American Political Science Review, 92: 401-11.
186. Gerber, A. S. and Green, D. P. (2000) 'The effects of canvassing, telephone calls and direct mail on voter turnout: a Weld experiment.' American Political Science Review, 94: 653-63.
187. Gerber, A. S. and Green, D. P. (2001) 'Do phone calls increase voter turnout? A Weld experiment.' Public Opinion Quarterly, 65: 75-85.
188. Gibson, R. (2001) 'Elections online: assessing internet voting in light of the Arizona Democratic Primary.' Political Science Quarterly, 116: 561-83.
189. Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society Cambridge: Polity Press.
190. Gimpel, J. G. and Schuknecht, J. E. (2003) 'Political participation and the accessibility of the ballot box.' Political Geography, 22: 471-88.
191. Goldstein, K. and Freedman, P. (2000) 'New evidence for new arguments: money and advertising in the 1996 Senate elections.' The Journal of Politics, 62: 1087-108.
192. Goldstein, K. M. and Ridout, T. N. (2002) 'The politics of participation: mobilization and turnout over time.' Political Behavior, 24: 3-29.
193. Goldthorpe, J. H. (1999) Modelling the pattern of class voting in British elections, 1964-1992. In G. Evans, editor, The End of Class Politics? Class Voting in Comparative Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 59-82.
194. Goldthorpe, J., Lockwood, D., Bechhofer, F. and Platt, J. (1968) The Affluent Worker: Political Attitudes and Behaviour Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
195. Gomez, B. T. and Wilson, J. M. (2001) 'Political sophistication and economic voting in the American electorate: a theory of heterogeneous attribution.' American Journal of Political Science, 45: 899-914.
196. Goodhart, C. A. E. and Bhansali, R. J. (1970) 'Political economy.' Political Studies, 18: 43-106.
197. Gordon, I. and Whiteley, P. (1980) 'Comment: Johnston on campaign expenditure and the efficacy of advertising.' Political Studies, 28: 293-4.
198. Gould, P. (1998) The Unfinished Revolution: How the Modernisers Saved the Labour Party London: Abacus.
199. Granovetter, M. S. (1973) 'The strength of weak ties.' American Journal of Sociology, 78: 1360-80.
200. Gray, M. and Caul, M. (2000) 'Declining voter turnout in advanced industrial democracies, 1950 to 1997: the effects of declining group mobilization.' Comparative Political Studies, 33: 1091-122.
201. Green, D. P. and Gerber, A. S. (2004) Get Out the Vote! How to Increase Voter Turnout Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
202. Green, D. P. and Krasno, J. S. (1988) 'Salvation for the spendthrift incumbent: reestimating the effects of campaign spending in House elections.' American Journal of Political Science, 32: 884-907.
203. Green, D. P. and Krasno, J. S. (1990) 'Rebuttal to Jacobson's "New evidence for old arguments".' American Journal of Political Science, 34: 363-72.
204. Green, D. P. and Palmquist, B. (1990) 'Of artefacts and partisan instability.' American Journal of Political Science, 34: 872-902.
205. Green, D. P. and Palmquist, B. (1994) 'How stable is party identification?' Political Behavior, 16: 437-66.
206. Gudgin, G. and Taylor, P. J. (1979) Seats, Votes and the Spatial Organisation of Elections London: Pion.
207. Habermas, J. (1984) The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society London: Heinemann.
208. Hamnett, C. (1989) The owner-occupied housing market in Britain: a north-south divide? In J. Lewis and A. Townsend, editors, The North-South Divide: Regional Change in Britain in the 1980s. London: Paul Chapman Publishing, 97-113.
209. Hamnett, C. (1993) 'The spatial impact of the British home ownership market slump, 1989-91.' Area, 25: 217-27.
210. Hamnett, C. (1999) Winners and Losers: Home Ownership in Modern Britain London: UCL Press.
211. Hampton, W. A. (1970) Democracy and Community: A Study of Politics in Sheffield Oxford: Oxford University Press.
212. Harrop, M. (1980) 'The urban basis of political alignment: a comment.' British Journal of Political Science, 10: 388-98.
213. Harrop, M. Heath, A. and Openshaw, S. (1992) Does neighbourhood influence voting behaviour-and why? In I. Crewe, P. Norris, D. Denver and D. Broughton, editors, British Elections and Parties Yearbook 1991. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheat-sheaf, 103-20.
214. Heath, A. and Taylor, B. (1999) New sources of abstention? In G. Evans and P. Norris, editors, Critical Elections: British Parties and Voters in Long Term Perspective London: Sage Publications, 164-80.
215. Heath, A., Evans, G. and Martin, J. (1993) 'The measurement of core beliefs and values: the development of balanced socialist/laissez faire and libertarian/authoritarian scales.' British Journal of Political Science, 24: 115-32.
216. Heath, A., Jowell, R. and Curtice, J. (1987) 'Trendless fluctuation: a reply to Crewe.' Political Studies, 35: 256-77.
217. Heath, A., Jowell, R. and Curtice, J. (2001) The Rise of New Labour: Party Policies and Voter Choices Oxford: Oxford University Press.
218. Heath, A., Jowell, R., Curtice, J., Evans, G, Field, J. and Witherspoon, S. (1991) Understanding Political Change: the British Voter 1963-1987 Oxford: Pergamon Press.
219. Heath, A., McLean, I., Taylor, B. and Curtice, J. (1999) 'Between first and second order: a comparison of voting behaviour in European and local elections in Britain.' European Journal of Political Research, 35: 389-414.
220. Heitshusen, V., Young, G. and Wood, D. M. (2005) 'Electoral context and MP constituency focus in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.' American Journal of Political Science, 49: 32-45.
221. Hibbs, D. and Vasilatos, N. (1981) Macroeconomic performance and mass political support in the United States and Great Britain. In D. Hibbs and H. Fassbender, editors, Contemporary Political Economy. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 73-100.
222. Highton. B. (2000) 'Residential mobility, community mobility and electoral participation.' Political Behaviour, 22: 109-20.
223. Hill, D. (1995) The Labour Party's strategy. In I. Crewe and B. Gosschalk, editors, Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 1992. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 36-40.
224. Holbrook, T. M. (1996) Do Campaigns Matter? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
225. Holme, R. and Holmes, A. (1998) Sausages or policemen? The role of the Liberal Democrats in the 1997 General Election Campaign. In I. Crewe, B. Gosschalk, and J. Bartle, editors, Political Communications: Why Labour Won the General Election of 1997. London: Frank Cass, 16-27.
226. Holt, A. T. and Turner, J. E. (1968) Political Parties in Action New York: The Free Press.
227. Huckfeldt, R. (2001) 'The social communication of political expertise.' American Journal of Political Science, 45: 425-38.
228. Huckfeldt, R. and Sprague, J. (1987) 'Networks in context: the social flow of political information.' American Political Science Review, 81: 1197-216.
229. Huckfeldt, R. and Sprague, J. (1988) 'Choice, social structure and political information: the information coercion of minorities.' American Journal of Political Science, 32: 467-82.
230. Huckfeldt, R. and Sprague, J. (1991) 'Discussant effects on vote choice: intimacy, structure and interdependence.' The Journal of Politics, 53: 122-58.
231. Huckfeldt, R. and Sprague, J. (1995) Citizens, Politics and Social Communication: Information and influence in an Election Campaign Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
232. Huckfeldt, R., Ikeda, K. and Pappi, F. U. (2000) 'Political expertise, interdependent citizens, and the value added problem in democratic politics.' Japanese Journal of Political Science, 1: 171-95.
233. Huckfeldt, R., Johnson, P. E. and Sprague, J. (2002) 'Political environments, political dynamics, and the survival of disagreement.' The Journal of Politics, 64: 1-21.
234. Huckfeldt, R., Johnson, P. E. and Sprague, J. (2004) Political Disagreement: The Survival of Diverse Opinions within Communication Networks Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
235. Huckfeldt, R., Sprague, J. and Levine, J. (2000) 'The dynamics of collective deliberation in the 1996 election: campaign effects on accessibility, certainty and accuracy.' American Political Science Review, 94: 641-51.
236. Huckfeldt, R., Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J. and Levine, J. (1995) 'Political environments, cohesive social groups, and the communication of public opinion.' American Journal of Political Science, 39: 1025-54.
237. Hudson, R. and Williams, A. M. (1989) Divided Britain London: Belhaven.
238. Ikeda, K. and Huckfeldt, R. (2001) 'Political communication and disagreement among citizens in Japan and the United States.' Political Behavior, 23: 23-51.
239. Jacobson, G. C. (1978) 'The effects of campaign spending in Congressional elections.' American Political Science Review, 72: 469-91.
240. Jacobson, G. C. (1990) 'The effects of campaign spending in House elections: new evidence for old arguments.' American Journal of Political Science, 34: 334-62.
241. Jamieson, K. H. (1992a) Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction and Democracy New York: Oxford University Press.
242. Jamieson, K. H. (1992b) Packaging the Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising New York: Oxford University Press.
243. Jencks, C. and Mayer, S. (1990) The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood. In L. Lynn and M. McGeary, editors, Inner-City Poverty in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 111-86.
244. Jessop, B. (1974) Traditionalism, Conservatism and British Political Culture London: George Allen & Unwin.
245. Johnson, R. W. (1972) 'The nationalisation of English rural politics.' Parliamentary Affairs, 26: 8-55.
246. Johnston, R. J. (1979a) 'Campaign expenditure and the efficacy of advertising at the 1974 general election in England.' Political Studies, 27: 114-19.
247. Johnston, R. J. (1979b) Political, Electoral and Spatial Systems Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
248. Johnston, R. J. (1981a) 'Campaign expenditure and the efficacy of advertising: a response.' Political Studies, 29: 113-14.
249. Johnston, R. J. (1981b) 'Embourgeoisement, the property-owning democracy, and ecological models of voting in England.' British Journal of Political Science, 11: 499-503.
250. Johnston, R. J. (1983a) 'The neighbourhood effect won't go away: observations on the electoral geography of England in the light of Dunleavy's critique.' Geoforum, 14: 161-8.
251. Johnston, R. J. (1983b) 'Spatial continuity and individual variability.' Electoral Studies, 2: 53-68.
252. Johnston, R. J. (1985) The Geography of English Politics London: Croom Helm.
253. Johnston, R. J. (1986a) 'A space for place (or a place for space) in British psephology: a review of recent writings with especial reference to the general election of 1983.' Environment and Planning A, 18: 599-618.
254. Johnston, R. J. (1986b) Putting context into context? Environment and Planning A18: 1537-9.
255. Johnston, R. J. (1987) Money and Votes: Constituency Campaign Spending and Election Results London: Croom Helm.
256. Johnston, R. J. and Griffiths, M. J. (1991) 'What's in a place? An approach to the concept of place as illustrated by the British National Union of Mineworkers Strike 1984-85.' Antipode, 23: 185-213.
257. Johnston, R. J. and Hay, A. M. (1982) 'On the parameters of uniform swing in singlemember constituency electoral systems.' Environment and Planning A, 14: 61-74.
258. Johnston, R. J. and Hay, A. M. (1983) 'Voter transition probability estimates: an entropymaximizing approach.' European Journal of Political Research, 11: 93-8.
259. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1985) 'The impact of spending on party constituency campaigns in recent British general elections.' Party Politics, 1: 261-73.
260. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1987) A dividing nation? An initial exploration of the changing electoral geography of Great Britain, 1979-1987. Environment and Planning A 19: 1001-13.
261. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1988) 'Are we really all Alliance nowadays? Discriminating by discriminant analysis.' Electoral Studies, 7: 27-32.
262. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1989a) The changing electoral geography of Great Britain. In J. Mohan, editor,. The Political Geography of Contemporary Britain. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 51-68.
263. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1989b) 'A growing north-south divide in British voting patterns, 1979-1987.' Geoforum, 20: 93-106.
264. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1989c) 'A nation dividing? Economic well-being, voter response and the changing electoral geography of Great Britain.' Parliamentary Affairs, 42: 37-57.
265. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1989d) Voting in Britain since 1979: a growing north-south divide? In J. Lewis and A. Townsend, editors,. The North-South Divide: Regional Change in Britain in the 1980s. London: Paul Chapman, 213-47.
266. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1991) 'Tactical voting in Britain 1983 and 1987: an alternative approach.' British Journal of Political Science, 21: 95-108.
267. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1992a) 'Class dealignment and the regional polarization of voting patterns in Great Britain, 1964-1987.' Political Geography, 11: 73-86.
268. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1992b) 'Is the seesaw tipping back? The end of Thatcherism and changing voting patterns in Great Britain 1979-92.' Environment and Planning A, 24: 1491-1505.
269. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1992c) 'Unemployment, the poll tax and the British general election of 1992.' Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 10: 467-83.
270. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1996) 'The strength of party identification among the British electorate.' Electoral Studies, 15: 295-309.
271. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1997a) 'Fluctuating party identification in Great Britain: Patterns revealed by four years of a longitudinal study.' Politics, 17: 67-77.
272. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1997b) 'The region is not dead: long live the region-personal evaluations and voting at the 1992 British General Election.' Space and Polity, 1: 103-13.
273. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1997c) 'Towards an understanding of turnout at general elections: voluntary and involuntary abstentions in 1992.' Parliamentary Affairs, 50: 280-91.
274. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1998a) 'Campaigning and advertising: an evaluation of the components of constituency activism at recent British General Elections.' British Journal of Political Science, 28: 677-85.
275. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1998b) 'Composition and context: region and voting in Britain revisited during Labour's 1990s' revival.' Geoforum, 29: 309-29.
276. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1999) Aspects of the inter-relationships of attitudes and behaviour as illustrated by a longitudinal study of British adults: 2. Predicting voting intention, strength of party identification, and change in both. Environment and Planning A 31: 1279-94.
277. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1999b) 'Constituency campaign intensity and split-ticket voting: New Zealand's first election under MMP, 1996.' Political Science, 51: 164-81.
278. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1999c) 'Feeling good and changing one's mind: a longitudinal investigation of voters' economic evaluations and partisan choices.' Party Politics, 5: 39-54.
279. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2000) 'Ecological inference and entropy-maximizing: an alternative estimation procedure for split-ticket voting.' Political Analysis, 8: 333-45.
280. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2001a) 'Dimensions of retrospective voting: economic performance, public service standards and Conservative party support at the 1997 British general election.' Party Politics, 7: 469-90.
281. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2001b) 'It's the economy, stupid'-But which economy? Geographical scales, retrospective economic evaluations and voting at the 1997 British General Election.' Regional Studies, 35: 309-19.
282. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2001c) Is there a crisis of democracy in Great Britain? Turnout at general elections reconsidered. In K. Dowding, J. Hughes and H. Margetts, editors,. Challenges to Democracy: Ideas, Involvement and Institutions. London: Palgrave, 61-80.
283. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2001d) 'On geographers and ecological inference.' Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91: 281-2.
284. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2002a) 'Campaigning and split-ticket voting in new electoral systems: the first MMP elections in New Zealand, Scotland and Wales.' Electoral Studies, 21: 583-600.
285. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2002b) 'Geographical scale, the attribution of credit/blame, local economic circumstances and retrospective economic voting in Great Britain 1997: an extension of the model.' Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 20: 421-38.
286. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2003a) 'Evaluating an entropy-maximizing solution to the ecological inference problem: split-ticket voting in New Zealand 1999.' Geographical Analysis, 35: 1-23.
287. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2003b) 'The growing problem of electoral turnout in Britain? Voluntary and involuntary voters in 2001.' Representation, 40: 30-43.
288. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2003c) 'Spatial variations in straight-and split-ticket voting and the role of constituency campaigning at New Zealand's first two MMP elections: individual-level tests.' Australian Journal of Political Science, 38: 535-47.
289. Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2005) Putting voters in their place: local context and voting in England and Wales, 1997. In A. Zuckerman, editor, The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 184-208.
290. Johnston, R. J., Gschwend, T. and Pattie, C. J. (2005) On estimates of split-ticket voting: EI and EMax Sonderforschungbereich 504 Publication 04-40, Universität Mannheim.
291. Johnston, R. J., McAllister, I. and Pattie, C. J. (1999) 'The funding of constituency party general election campaigns in Great Britain.' Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 17: 391-409.
292. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J. and Allsopp, J. G. (1988) A Nation Dividing? The Electoral Map of Great Britain 1979-1987 London: Longman.
293. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, L. C. (1989) 'The impact of constituency spending on the result of the 1987 British general election.' Electoral Studies, 8: 143-57.
294. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J. and Rossiter, D. J. (2005) The election results in the UK regions. In P. Norris and C. Wlezien, editors, Britain Votes 2005. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 130-45.
295. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J. and Russell, A. T. (1993) 'Dealignment, spatial polarization and economic voting: an exploration of recent trends in British voting behaviour.' European Journal of Political Research, 23: 67-90.
296. Johnston, R. J., Rossiter, D. J. and Pattie, C. J. (2006) 'Disproportionality and bias in the results of the 2005 general election in Great Britain: evaluating the electoral system's impact.' Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 2: 37-54.
297. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. F. L., Rossiter, D. J., McAllister, I. and Tunstall, H. (1997) 'Spatial variations in voter choice: modelling tactical voting at the 1997 general election in Great Britain.' Geographical and Environmental Modelling, 1: 153-77.
298. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. F. L., McAllister, I., Tunstall, H. and Rossiter, D. J. (2000a) 'Local context, retrospective economic evaluations and voting: the 1997 general election in England and Wales.' Political Behavior, 22: 121-43.
299. Johnston, R. J., Dorling, D., Tunstall, H., Rossiter, D. J., McAllister, I. and Pattie, C. J. (2000b) 'Locating the altruistic voter: context, egocentric voting and support for the Conservative party at the 1997 general election in England and Wales.' Environment and Planning A, 32: 673-94.
300. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. F. L., McAllister, I., Tunstall, H. and Rossiter, D. J. (2000c) The neighbourhood effect and voting in England and Wales: real or imagined? In P. Cowley, D. Denver, A. Russell and L. Harrison, editors,. British Elections and Parties Review, Volume 10. London: Frank Cass, 47-63.
301. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. F. L., McAllister, I., Tunstall, H. and Rossiter, D. J. (2001a) 'Housing tenure, local context, scale and voting in England and Wales, 1997.' Electoral Studies, 20: 195-216.
302. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. F. L. and Rossiter, D. J. (2001b) From Votes to Seats: The Operation of the UK Electoral System since 1945 Manchester: Manchester University Press.
303. Johnston, R. J., Rossiter, D. J., Pattie, C. J. and Dorling, D. F. L. (2002a) Labour electoral landslides and the changing efficiency of voting distributions. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS27: 336-61.
304. Johnston, R. J., Cowley, P. J., Pattie, C. J. and Stuart, M. (2002b) 'Voting in the House or wooing the voters at home: Labour MPs and the 2001 general election campaign.' Journal of Legislative Studies, 8: 9-22.
305. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. F. L. and Rossiter, D. J. (2003) The Conservative Century? Geography and Conservative electoral success during the twentieth century. In D. Gilbert, D. Matless and B. Short, editors, Geographies of British Modernity: Space and Society in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 54-79.
306. Johnston, R. J., Jones, K., Sarker, R., Propper, C., Burgess, S. and Bolster, A. (2004) 'Party support and the neighbourhood effect: spatial polarisation of the British electorate 1991-2001.' Political Geography, 23: 367-402.
307. Johnston, R. J., Sarker, R., Jones, K., Bolster, A., Propper, C. and Burgess, S. (2005a) Egocentric economic voting and changes in party choice: Great Britain, 1992-2001. Journal of Elections, Public Opinions and Parties. 1: 129-44.
308. Johnston, R. J., Jones, K., Propper, C., Sarker, R., Burgess, S. and Bolster, A. (2005b) 'A missing level in the analysis of British voting behaviour: the household as context as shown by analyses of a 1992-1997 longitudinal survey.' Electoral Studies, 24: 201-25.
309. Johnston, R. J., Propper, C., Sarker, R., Jones, K., Bolster, A. and Burgess, S. (2005c) 'Neighbourhood social capital and neighbourhood effects.' Environment and Planning A, 37: 1443-59.
310. Johnston, R. J., Propper, C., Burgess, S., Sarker, R., Bolster, A. and Jones, K. (2005d) 'Spatial scale and the neighbourhood effect: multinomial models of voting at two recent British general elections.' British Journal of Political Science, 35: 487-514.
311. Jones, K., Gould, M. and Watt, R. (1998) 'Multiple contexts as cross-classified models: the Labour vote in the British general election of 1992.' Geographical Analysis, 30: 65-93.
312. Jones, K., Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1992) 'People, places and regions: exploring the use of multi-level modelling in the analysis of electoral data.' British Journal of Political Science, 22: 343-80.
313. Karp, J. and Banducci, S. (2000) 'Going postal: how all-mail elections influence turnout.' Political Behavior, 22: 223-39.
314. Katz, E. and Lazarsfeld, P. (1955) Personal Influence Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
315. Kavanagh, D. (1970) Constituency Electioneering in Britain London, Longmans.
316. Kavanagh, D. (1995) Election Campaigning: The New Marketing of Politics Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
317. Kendall, M. G. and Stuart, A. (1950) 'The law of cubic proportions in election results.' British Journal of Sociology, 1: 183-96.
318. Kenny, C. (1994) 'The microenvironment of attitude change.' The Journal of Politics, 56: 715-28.
319. Kenny, C. (1998) 'The behavioral consequences of political discussion: another look at discussant effects on vote choice.' The Journal of Politics, 60: 231-44.
320. Kenny, C. and McBurnett, M. (1994) 'An individual-level multiequation model of expenditure effects in contested House elections.' American Political Science Review, 88: 699-707.
321. Key, V. O. Jr (1949) Southern Politics in State and Nation New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
322. Key, V. O. Jr (1964) Politics, Parties and Pressure Groups, 5th edn. New York: Crowell.
323. Key, V. O. Jr (1966) The Responsible Electorate: Rationality in Presidential Voting, 1936-1960 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
324. Kinder, D. R. and Kiewiet, D. R. (1979) 'Economic discontent and political behaviour: the role of personal and collective economic judgements in Congressional voting.' American Journal of Political Science, 23: 495-527.
325. Kinder, D. R. and Kiewiet, D. R. (1981) Sociotropic politics: the American case. British Journal of Political Science. 11: 129-61.
326. King, G. (1996) 'Why context should not count.' Political Geography, 15: 159-64.
327. King, G. (1997) A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
328. Kotler-Berkowitz, L. A. (2001) 'Religion and voting behaviour in Great Britain: a reassessment.' British Journal of Political Science, 31: 523-54.
329. Kwak, N., Williams, A. E, Wang, X. and Lee, H. (2005) 'Talking politics and engaging politics: an examination of the interactive relationships between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement.' Communication Research, 32: 87-111.
330. Lazarsfeld, P., Berelson, B. and Gaudet, H. (1944) The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign New York: Columbia University Press.
331. Leighley, J. E. and Nagler, J. (1992) 'Individual and systemic influences on turnout: who votes? 1984.' The Journal of Politics, 54: 718-40.
332. Lewis, J. and Townsend, A. editors (1989) The North-South Divide: Regional Change in Britain in the 1980s London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
333. Lewis-Beck., M. (1985) 'Pocketbook voting in U. S. national election studies: fact or artefact?' American Journal of Political Science, 29: 348-56.
334. Lewis-Beck, M. (1986) 'Comparative economic voting: Britain, France, Germany, Italy.' American Journal of Political Science, 30: 315-46.
335. Lewis-Beck, M. (1988) Economics and Elections: The Major Western Democracies Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
336. Lewis-Beck, M. (2005) 'Election forecasting: principles and practice.' British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7: 145-64.
337. Lewis-Beck, M. (2006) 'Does economics still matter? Econometrics and the vote.' The Journal of Politics, 68: 208-12.
338. Lipset, S. M. and Rokkan, S. E. (1967) Cleavage structures, party systems and voter alignments. In S. M. Lipset and S. E. Rokkan, editors, Party Systems and Voter Alignments. New York: The Free Press, 3-64.
339. Lupia, A. and McCubbins, M. D. (1998) The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
340. Lusoli, W. and Ward, S. (2005) Logging on or switching off?. In S. Coleman and S. Ward, editors, Spinning the Web: Online Campaigning in the 2005 General Election. London: Hansard Society, 13-21.
341. McAllister, I. and Studlar, D. T. (1992) 'Region and voting in Britain 1979-87: territorial polarization or artifact?' American Journal of Political Science, 36: 168-99.
342. McAllister, I., Fieldhouse, E. and Russell, A. (2000) 'Yellow fever? The; political geography of Liberal voting in Great Britain.' Political Geography, 21: 421-47.
343. McAllister, I., Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J., Tunstall, H., Dorling, D. F. L. and Rossiter, D. J. (2001) 'Class dealignment and the neighbourhood effect: Miller revisited.' British Journal of Political Science, 31: 41-59.
344. McCallum, R. B. and Readman, A. (1947) The British General Election of 1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
345. MacKuen, M. B., Erikson, R. S. and Stimson, J. A. (1989) 'Macropartisanship.' American Political Science Review, 83: 1125-42.
346. MacKuen, M. B., Erikson, R. S. and Stimson, J. A. (1992) 'Peasants or Bankers? The American electorate and the U. S. economy.' American Political Science Review, 86: 597-611.
347. McLean, I. (1995) 'Are Scotland and Wales over-represented in the House of Commons?' The Political Quarterly, 66: 250-68.
348. McLean, I. and Mortimore, R. (1992) 'Apportionment and the Boundary Commission for England.' Electoral Studies, 11: 292-308.
349. McMahon, D., Heath, M., Harrop, M. and Curtice, J. (1992) 'The electoral consequences of north-south migration.' British Journal of Political Science, 22: 419-43.
350. Martin, F. M. (1952) 'Social status and electoral choice in two constituencies.' British Journal of Sociology, 3: 231-41.
351. Martin, R. L. (1988) The political economy of Britain's north-south divide. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers NS 13: 389-418.
352. Martin, R. L. and Rowthorn, B., editors, (1986) The Geography of De-industrialisation.Basingstoke: Macmillan.
353. Martin, R. L., Sunley, P. J. and Wills, J. (1993) The geography of trade union decline: spatial dispersal or regional resilience? Transactions, Institute of British Geographers NS18: 36-62.
354. Massey, D. and Meegan, R. (1982) The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline. London: Methuen.
355. Merrill, S. and Grofman, B. (1999) A Unified Theory of Voting: Directional and Proximity Spatial Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
356. Miller, W. L. (1977) Electoral Dynamics in Britain since 1918. London: Macmillan.
357. Miller, W. L. (1978) 'Social class and party choice in England: a new analysis.' British Journal of Political Science, 8: 259-84.
358. Miller, W. L. (1991) Media and Voters: The Audience, Content and Influence of Press and Television at the 1987 General Election. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
359. Miller, W. L., Raab, G. and Britto, K. (1974) Voting research and the population census 1918-1971: surrogate data for constituency analyses. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A, 137: 384-411.
360. Milne, R. S. and MacKenzie, H. C. (1954) Straight Fight. London: The Hansard Society.
361. Milne, R. S. and MacKenzie, H. C. (1958) Marginal Seat. London: The Hansard Society.
362. Monmonier, M. S. (2002) Bushmanders and Bullwinkles: How Politicians Manipulate Electronic Maps and Census Data to Win Elections. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
363. Moon, N. (1999) Opinion Polls: History, Theory and Practice. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
364. Mughan, A. (1986) Party and Participation in British Elections. London: Frances Pinter.
365. Mutz, D. (2002a) 'The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation.' American Journal of Political Science, 46: 838-55.
366. Mutz, D. (2002b) 'Cross-cutting social networks: testing democratic theory in practice.' American Political Science Review, 96: 111-26.
367. Mutz, D. and Mondak, J. (2006) 'The workplace as a context for cross-cutting political discourse.' The Journal of Politics, 68: 140-55.
368. Nadeau, R., Niemi, R. G., and Yoshinaka, A. (2002) 'A cross-national analysis of economic voting: taking account of the political context across time and nations.' Electoral Studies, 21: 403-23.
369. Newby, H. (1977) The Deferential Worker. London: Allen Lane.
370. Niemi, R. G., Whitten, G. and Franklin, M. N. (1992) 'Constituency characteristics, individual characteristics and tactical voting at the 1987 British general election.' British Journal of Political Science, 22: 229-40.
371. Nieuwbeerta, P. and Flap, H. (2000) 'Crosscutting social circles and political choice: effects of personal network composition on voting behaviour in the Netherlands.' Social Networks, 22: 313-35.
372. Norpoth, H. (1987) 'Guns and butter and government popularity in Britain.' American Political Science Review, 81: 949-59.
373. Norpoth, H. (1992) Confidence Regained: Economics, Mrs Thatcher and the British Voter. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
374. Norris, P. (1990) British By-Elections: the Volatile Electorate. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
375. Norris, P. (2002) Democratic Phoenix: Political Activism Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
376. Norris, P., Curtice, J., Sanders, D., Scammell, M. and Semetko, H. (1999) On Message: Communicating the Campaign. London: Sage Publications.
377. Olson, M. (1965) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
378. Owens, J. R. and Wade. L. (1988) 'Economic conditions and constituency voting in Great Britain.' Political Studies, 36: 30-51.
379. Paldam, M. and Nannestad, P. (2000) 'What do voters know about the economy? A study of Danish data, 1990-1993.' Electoral Studies, 19: 363-91.
380. Pappi, F. U. (1996) Personal environments in the process of political intermediation as a topic of the comparative National Election Study. In H. Chikio and E. Scheuch, editors, Quantitative Social Research in Germany and Japan. Opladen: Leske und Budrich, 122-40.
381. Park, A. (2004) Has modern politics disenchanted the young?. In A. Park, J. Curtice, K. Thomson, C. Bromley and Phillips, M., editors, British Social Attitudes: the 21st Report. London: Sage Publications, 23-47.
382. Parry, G., Moyser, G. and Day, N. (1992) Political Participation and Democracy in Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
383. Partin, R. W. (2002) 'Assessing the impact of campaign spending in Governors' races.' Political Research Quarterly, 55: 213-33.
384. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1990) 'One nation or two? The changing geography of unemployment in Great Britain, 1983-1988.' The Professional Geographer, 42: 288-98.
385. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1995) 'It's not like that round here: region, economic evaluations and voting at the 1992 British General Election.' European Journal of Political Research, 28: 1-32.
386. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1996) 'Paying their way: local associations, the constituency quota scheme and Conservative party finance.' Political Studies., 44: 921-35.
387. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1997a) 'Funding the national party: changing geographies of local fund-raising for the British Conservative party, 1984/85-1993/94.' Political Geography, 16: 387-406.
388. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1997b) 'Local economic contexts and changing party allegiances at the 1992 British General Election.' Party Politics, 3: 79-96.
389. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1998a) 'The role of regional context in voting: evidence from the 1992 British general election.' Regional Studies, 32: 249-63.
390. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1998b) 'Voter turnout at the British general election of 1992: rational choice, social standing or political efficacy?' European Journal of Political Research, 33: 263-83.
391. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1998c) 'Voter turnout and constituency marginality: geography and rational choice.' Area, 10: 38-48.
392. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1999) 'Context, conversation and conviction: social networks and voting at the 1992 British General Election.' Political Studies, 47: 877-89.
393. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2000) 'People who talk together vote together': an exploration of contextual effects in Great Britain.' Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90: 41-66.
394. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2001a) 'Losing the voters' trust: evaluations of the political system and voting at the 1997 British General Election.' British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 3: 191-222.
395. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2001b) 'A low turnout landslide: abstention at the British general election of 1997.' Political Studies, 49: 286-305.
396. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2001c) 'Routes to party choice: ideology, economic evaluations and voting at the 1997 British general election.' European Journal of Political Research, 39: 373-89.
397. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2001d) 'Talk as a political context: conversation and electoral change in British elections, 1992-1997.' Electoral Studies, 20: 17-40.
398. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2002a) 'Assessing the television campaign: the impact of party election broadcasting on voters' opinions in the 1997 British general election.' Political Communication, 19: 333-58.
399. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2002b) 'Political talk and voting: does it matter to whom one talks?' Environment and Planning A, 34: 1113-35.
400. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2003a) 'Hanging on the telephone? Doorstep and telephone canvassing at the British general election of 1997.' British Journal of Political Science., 33: 303-22.
401. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2003b) 'Local battles in a national landslide: constituency campaigning at the 2001 British general election.' Political Geography, 22: 381-414.
402. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (2004) 'Party knowledge and candidate knowledge: constituency campaigning and voting and the 1997 British general election.' Electoral Studies, 23: 795-819.
403. Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. and Johnston, R. J. (1995) 'A debt-owing democracy: the political impact of housing market recession at the British General Election of 1992.' Urban Studies, 32: 1293-315.
404. Pattie, C. J., Dorling, D. and Johnston, R. J. (1997) The electoral geography of recession: local economic conditions, public perceptions and the economic vote in the 1992 British general election. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers NS22: 147-61.
405. Pattie, C. J., Fieldhouse, E. and Johnston, R. J. (1994) 'The price of conscience: the electoral correlates and consequences of free votes and rebellions in the British House of Commons, 1987-1992.' British Journal of Political Science, 24: 359-80.
406. Pattie, C. J., Fieldhouse, E. A. and Johnston, R. J. (1995) 'Individual vote choice and constituency economic conditions at the 1992 British General Election.' Electoral Studies, 14: 399-415.
407. Pattie, C. J., Johnston, R. J. and Fieldhouse, E. A. (1994) 'Gaining on the swings? The changing geography of the flow-of-the-vote and government fortunes in British general elections, 1979-1992.' Regional Studies, 28: 141-54.
408. Pattie, C. J., Johnston, R. J. and Fieldhouse, E. A. (1995) 'Winning the local vote: the effectiveness of constituency campaign spending in Great Britain.' American Political Science Review, 89: 969-83.
409. Pattie, C. J., Johnston, R. J. and Sanders, D. J. (1999) 'On babies and bathwater: a comment on Evans' 'Economics and politics revisited'.' Political Studies, 47: 918-32.
410. Pattie, C. J., Johnston, R. J. and Stuart, M. (1998) Voting without party? In P. Cowley, editor, Conscience and Parliament. London: Frank Cass, 146-76.
411. Pattie, C. J., Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. (2003) 'Citizenship and civic engagement: attitudes and behaviour in Britain.' Political Studies, 51: 443-68.
412. Pattie, C. J., Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. (2004) Citizenship in Britain: Values, Participation and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
413. Pattie, C. J., Whiteley, P. F., Johnston, R. J. and Seyd, P. (1994) 'Measuring local campaign effects: Labour party constituency campaigning at the 1987 British General Election.' Political Studies, 42: 469-79.
414. Pelling, H. (1967) Social Geography of British Elections 1885-1910. London: Macmillan.
415. Popkin, S. L. (1994) The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
416. Powell, G. B. and Whitten, J. D. (1993) 'A cross-national analysis of economic voting: taking account of the political context.' American Journal of Political Science, 37: 391-414.
417. Prescott, J. R. V. (1972) Political Geography. London: Methuen.
418. Price, S. and Sanders, D. (1995) 'Economic expectations and voting intentions in the UK, 1979-87: a pooled cross-section approach.' Political Studies, 43: 451-71.
419. Price, V., Cappella, J. N. and Nir, L. (2002) 'Does disagreement contribute to more deliberative opinion?' Political Communication, 19: 95-112.
420. Przeworski, A. (1974) Contextual models of political behavior. Political Methodology 1:27-61.
421. Putnam, R. D. (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
422. Putnam, R. D. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community.New York: Simon and Schuster.
423. Rallings, C. and Thrasher, M. (1997) Local Elections in Britain. London: Routledge.
424. Rasmussen, J. (1973) 'The impact of constituency structural characteristics upon political preferences in Great Britain.' Comparative Politics, 5: 123-45.
425. Reif, K. (1984) 'National electoral cycles and European Elections 1979 and 1984.' Electoral Studies, 3: 244-55.
426. Reif, K. (1997) 'European elections as member state second-order elections revisited.' European Journal of Political Research, 31: 115-24.
427. Reif, K. and Schmitt, H. (1980) 'Nine second-order national elections: a conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results.' European Journal of Political Research, 8: 3-44.
428. Rennard, C. (2002) Liberal democrat strategy. In J. Bartle, R. Mortimore, and S. Atkinson, editors, Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 2001. London: Frank Cass, 75-83.
429. Reynolds, D. R. (1969a) A 'friends-and-neighbors' voting model as a spatial interactional model for electoral geography. In K. R. Cox and R. G. Golledge, editors, Behavioral Problems in Geography. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, Northwestern Studies in Geography, 81-100.
430. Reynolds, D. R. (1969b) 'A spatial model for analysing voting behavior.' Acta Socio-logica, 12: 122-30.
431. Riddell, P. (2005) The Unfulfilled Prime Minister: Tony Blair's Quest for a Legacy.London: Politico's.
432. Ridley, F. F. and Doig, A., editors (1995) Sleaze: Politicians, Private Interests and Public Reaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
433. Roberts, M. C. and Rumage, K. W. (1965) 'The spatial variations in urban left-wing voting in England and Wales in 1951.' Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 55: 161-78.
434. Robinson, W. (1950) 'Ecological correlation and the behaviour of individuals.' American Sociological Review, 15: 351-57.
435. Romero, D. W. and Stambough, S. J. (1996) 'Personal economic well-being and the individual vote for Congress: a pooled analysis, 1980-1990.' Political Research Quarterly, 49: 607-16.
436. Rose, D. and Pevalin, D. J. editors (2003) A Researcher's Guide to the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification. London: Sage Publications.
437. Rose, R. and McAllister, I. (1986) Voters Begin to Choose: From Closed-Class to Open Elections in Britain. London: Sage Publications.
438. Rose, R. and McAllister, I. (1990) The Loyalties of Voters: A Lifetime Learning Model.London: Sage Publications.
439. Rosenbaum, N. (1997) From Soapbox to Soundbite: Party Political Campaigning in Britain Since 1945. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
440. Rossiter, D. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1981) Program GROUP: the identification of all possible solutions to a constituency-delimitation problem. Environment and Planning A 13:231-38.
441. Rossiter, D. J., Johnston, R. J., and Pattie, C. J. (1998) The partisan impacts of non-partisan redistricting: Northern Ireland 1993-1995. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers NS23: 455-80.
442. Rossiter, D. J., Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1999a) The Boundary Commissions: Redrawing the UK's Map of Parliamentary Constituencies. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
443. Rossiter, D. J., Johnston, R. J. and Pattie, C. J. (1999b) Integrating and decomposing the sources of partisan bias: Brookes' method and the impact of redistricting in Great Britain. Electoral Studies 18: 367-78. (Addendum: Electoral Studies, 19, 2000, 649-50.).
444. Russell, A. T. (1997) A question of interaction: using logistic regression to examine geographic effects on British voting behaviour. In C Pattie, D. Denver, J. Fisher, and S. Ludlam, editors, British Elections and Parties Review 7. London: Frank Cass, 91-109.
445. Russell, A. T. (2005) The Liberal Democrat campaign. In P. Norris and C. Wlezien, editors, Britain Votes 2005. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 87-100.
446. Russell, A. T. and Fieldhouse, E. A. (2005) Neither Left nor Right: The Liberal Democrats and the Electorate. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
447. Russell, A. T., Fieldhouse, E. A., and McAllister, I. (2002) 'The anatomy of Liberal support in Britain, 1974-1997.' British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 4: 49-74.
448. Saggar, S. (2000) Race and Representation: Electoral Politics and Ethnic Pluralism in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
449. Sanders, D. (1991) 'Government popularity and the next General Election.' Political Quarterly, 62: 235-61.
450. Sanders, D. (1994) Economic influences on the vote: modelling electoral decisions I. Budge and D. McKay, editors, Developing Democracy. London: Sage Publications, 79-97.
451. Sanders, D. (1996) 'Economic performance, management competence and the outcome of the next general election.' Political Studies, 44: 203-31.
452. Sanders, D. (1998) The new electoral battleground. In A. King, editor, New Labour Triumphs: Britain at the Polls. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 209-48.
453. Sanders, D. (1999) 'Conservative incompetence, Labour responsibility and the feelgood factor: why the economy failed to save the Conservatives in 1997.' Electoral Studies, 18: 251-70.
454. Sanders, D. (2000) 'The real economy and the perceived economy in popularity functions: how much do voters need to know? A study of British data, 1974-97.' Electoral Studies, 19: 275-94.
455. Sanders, D. (2003) 'Party identification, economic perceptions and voting in British general elections, 1974-1997.' Electoral Studies, 22: 239-63.
456. Sanders, D. (2004) 'Vote functions and popularity functions in British politics.' Electoral Studies, 23: 307-13.
457. Sanders, D. (2005a) 'The political economy of UK party support, 1997-2004: forecasts for the 2005 election.' Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 1: 47-71.
458. Sanders, D. (2005b) 'Popularity function forecasts for the 2005 UK General Election.' British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7: 174-90.
459. Sanders, D., Ward, H. and Marsh, D. (1987) 'Government popularity and the Falklands War: a reassessment.' British Journal of Political Science, 17: 281-313.
460. Sanders, D., Ward, H. and Marsh, D. (1992) Macro-economics, the Falklands War and the popularity of the Thatcher government: a contrary view. In H. Norpoth, J.-D. Lefay, and M. Lewis-Beck, editors, Economics and Politics: The Calculus of Support. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
461. Särlvik, B. and Crewe, I. (1983) Decade of Dealignment: the Conservative Victory if 1970 and Electoral Trends in the 1970s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
462. Savage, M. (1997) Space, networks and class formation. In N. Kirk, editor, Social Class and Marxism: Defences and Challenges. London: Scolar Press, 58-86.
463. Scammell, M. (1995) Designer Politics: How Elections are Won. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
464. Scarbrough, E. (1984) Political Ideology and Voting. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
465. Scarbrough, E. (2000) 'The British Election Study and electoral research.' Political Studies, 48: 391-414.
466. Schmitt, H. (2005) 'The European Parliament elections of June 2004: still second order?' West European Politics, 28: 650-79.
467. Searing, D. A. (1985) 'The role of the good constituency member and the practice of representation in Great Britain.' The Journal of Politics, 47: 348-81.
468. Seyd, P. (1998) 'In praise of party.' Parliamentary Affairs, 51: 198-208.
469. Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. (1992) Labour's Grassroots: The Politics of Party Membership.Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
470. Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. (2002) New Labour's Grassroots: The Transformation of the Labour Party Membership. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
471. Shaw, E. (1994) The Labour Party Since 1979: Crisis and Transformation. London: Routledge.
472. Shickler, E. and Green, D. (1997) 'The stability of party identification in western democracies: results from eight panel surveys.' Comparative Political Studies, 30: 450-83.
473. Smith, M. J. (2005) It's not the economy, stupid! The disappearance of the economy from the 2005 campaign. In A. Geddes and J. Tonge, editors, Britain Decides: The UK General Election 2005. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 225-39.
474. Sniderman, P. M., Brody, R. A. and Tetlock, P. E. (1991) Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
475. Sobolewska, M. (2005) 'Ethnic agenda: relevance of political attitudes to party choice.' Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 1: 197-214.
476. Solop, F. I. (2001) Digital democracy comes of age: internet voting and the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary election. PS Political Science and Politics 34: 289-93.
477. Sprague, J. (1982) Is there a micro-theory consistent with contextual analysis? In E. Ostrom, editor, Strategies of Political Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 99-121.
478. Stoker, L. and Jennings, K. M. (2005) Political similarity and influence between husbands and wives. In A. S. Zuckerman, editor, The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 51-74.
479. Stokes, D. (1963) 'Spatial models of party competition.' American Political Science Review, 57: 368-77.
480. Stratmann, T. (2005) 'Some talk: money in politics. A (partial) review of the literature.' Public Choice, 124: 135-56.
481. Swaddle, K. and Heath, A. (1989) 'Offcial and reported turnout in the British general election of 1987.' British Journal of Political Science, 19: 537-51.
482. Taylor, A. (1973) 'Journey time, perceived distance and electoral turnout-Victoria Ward, Swansea.' Area, 5: 59-63.
483. Thielemann, G S. (1993) 'Local advantage in campaign financing: friends, neighbours and their money in Texas Supreme Court elections.' The Journal of Politics, 55: 472-8.
484. Thrift, N. J. (1983) 'On the determination of social action in space and time.' Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 1: 23-57.
485. Tingsten, H. (1937) Political Behaviour. London: P. S. King.
486. Toynbee, P. and Walker, D. (2001) Did Things Get Better? An Audit of Labour's Successes and Failures. London: Penguin.
487. Tufte, E. R. (1973) 'The relationship between seats and votes in two-party systems.' American Political Science Review, 67: 540-54.
488. Upton, G. J. G. (1991) 'The impact of by-elections on general elections: England 1950-1987.' British Journal of Political Science, 21: 108-19.
489. Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L. and Brady, H. E. (1995) Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
490. Walks, R. A. (2004a) 'Place of residence, party preferences and political attitudes in Canadian cities and suburbs.' Journal of Urban Affairs, 26: 269-95.
491. Walks, R. A. (2004b) 'Suburbanization, the vote and changes in federal and provincial political representation and influence between inner cities and suburbs in large Canadian urban regions, 1945-1999.' Urban AVairs Review, 39: 411-40.
492. Walks, R. A. (2005) City-suburban electoral polarization in Great Britain, 1950-2001. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS30: 500-17.
493. Waller, R. J. (1983) The Dukeries Transformed. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
494. Ward, S. and Gibson, R. (1998) The Wrst internet election? UK political parties and campaigning in cyberspace. In I. Crewe, B. Gosschalk, and J. Bartle, editors, Political Communications: Why Labour Won the General Election of 1997. London: Frank Cass, 93-112.
495. Ward, S., Gibson, R. and Lusoli, W. (2003) 'On-line participation and mobilisation in Britain: hype, hope and reality.' Parliamentary Affairs, 56: 652-68.
496. Watt, B. (2005) UK Election Law: A critical Examination. London: Glasshouse Press.
497. Wattenberg, M. P. (2002) Where Have All the Voters Gone? Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
498. Weatherford, S. (1982) 'Interpersonal networks and political behavior.' American Journal of Political Science, 26: 117-43.
499. Webber, M. M. (1963) Order diversity: community without propinquity. In L. Wingo, editor, Cities and Space. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 23-56.
500. Webber, M. M. (1964) 'Culture, territoriality and the elastic mile.' Papers of the Regional Science Association, 13: 59-70.
501. Whiteley, P. (1984) 'Inflation, unemployment and government popularity: dynamic models for the United States, Britain and West Germany.' Electoral Studies, 3: 3-24.
502. Whiteley, P. (1986) 'Macroeconomic performance and government popularity in Britain: the short run dynamics.' European Journal of Political Research, 14: 45-61.
503. Whiteley, P. and Seyd, P. (1994) 'Local party campaigning and electoral mobilization in Britain.' The Journal of Politics, 56: 242-52.
504. Whiteley, P. and Seyd, P. (2002) High Intensity Participation: The Dynamics of Party Activism in Britain. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan University Press.
505. Whiteley, P. and Seyd, P. (2003a) 'How to win a landslide by really trying: the effects of local campaigning on voting in the 1997 British General Election.' Electoral Studies, 22: 301-24.
506. Whiteley, P. and Seyd, P. (2003b) 'Party election campaigning and electoral mobilization in Britain.' Party Politics, 56: 242-52.
507. Whiteley, P., Seyd, P. and Richardson, J. J. (1994) True Blues: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
508. Whiteley, P., Clarke, H., Sanders, D. and Stewart, M. (2001) Turnout. In P. Norris, editor, Britain Votes 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 211-24.
509. Whiteley, P., Stewart, M. C., Sanders, D. and Clarke, H. D. (2005) 'The issue agenda and voting in 2005.' Parliamentary Affairs, 58: 802-17.
510. Whitten, G. D. and Palma, H. D. (1999) 'Cross-national analyses of economic voting.' Electoral Studies, 18: 49-67.
511. Wolfinger, R. E. and Rosenstone, S. J. (1980) Who Votes? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
512. Wood, P. and Norton, P. (1992) 'Do candidates matter? Constituency-specific vote changes for incumbent MPs, 1983-1987.' Political Studies, 40: 227-38.
513. Wright, T. (2005) The candidate: Tony Wright. In A. Geddes and J. Tonge, editors, Britain Decides: The UK General Election 2005. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 91-7.
514. Zuckerman, A. S. (2005) Returning to the social logic of politics. In A. S. Zuckerman, editor, The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 3-20.
515. Zuckerman, A. S. and Kotler-Berkowitz, L. A. (1998) 'Politics and society: political diversity and uniformity in households as a theoretical puzzle.' Comparative Political Studies, 31: 464-97.
516. Zuckerman, A. S, Fitzgerald, J. and Dasović, J. (2005) Do couples support the same political parties? Sometimes: evidence from British and German household panel surveys. In A. S. Zuckerman, editor, The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 75-94.
517. Zuckerman, A. S., Valentino, N. A. and Zuckerman, E. W. (1994) 'A structural theory of vote choice: social and political networks and electoral flows in Britain and the United States.' The Journal of Politics, 56: 1008-33.