Role of antiviral therapy in reducing recurrence and improving survival in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection (Review)

Oncology Letters

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 527-534

  Zuo, Chaohui ^a,b   Xia, Man ^b,c   Wu, Qunfeng ^b   Zhu, Haizhen ^a   Liu, Jingshi ^a   Liu, Chen ^b  

^a CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c Central South University   (China)

Author keywords

Curative resection; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Interferon ; Recurrence; Sorafenib; Survival rates; Transatheter arterial chemoembolization

Indexed keywords

ALPHA1 INTERFERON; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ENTECAVIR; FLUOROURACIL; SORAFENIB; TENOFOVIR;

ARTICLE; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; DRUG POTENTIATION; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER RESECTION; NONHUMAN; OVERALL SURVIVAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; VIRUS LOAD;

EID: 84918806332     PISSN: 17921074     EISSN: 17921082     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2727     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E and Forman D: Global cancer statistitics. CA Cancer J Clin 61: 69-90, 2011.
2. Ding J and Wang H: Multiple interactive factors in hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 346: 17-23, 2014.
3. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM: Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 127: 2893-2917, 2010.
4. Miamen AG, Dong H and Roberts LR: Immunotherapeutic approches to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Liver Cancer 1: 226-237, 2012.
5. Yuen MF, Hou JL and Chutaputti A; Asia Pacific Working Party on Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24: 346-53, 2009.
6. Trepo C: A brief history of hepatitis milestones. Liver Int 34 (Suppl 1): 29-37, 2014.
7. Ishikawa T: Anti-viral therapy to reduce recurrence and improve survival in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 19: 8861-8866, 2013.
8. Malek NP, Schmidt S, Huber P, Manns MP and Greten TF: The diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dtsch Arztebi Int 111: 101-106, 2014.
9. Lopez LJ and Marrero JA: Hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 20: 248-253, 2004.
10. Shen Y, Lin ZZ, Hsu CH, Hsu C, Hsu C, Shao YY and Cheng AL: Clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Liver Cance 2: 345-364, 2013.
11. Sasaki K, Matsuda M, Ohkura Y, Kawamura Y, Inoue M, Hashimoto M, Ikeda K, Kumada H and Watanabe G: In hepatocellular carcinomas, any proportion of poorly differentiated components is associated with poor prognosis after hepatectomy. World J Surg 38: 1147-1153, 2014.
12. Lin S, Hoffmann K and Schemmer P: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Liver Cancer 1: 144-158, 2012.
13. Singal AK, Guturu P, Hmoud B, Kuo YF, Salameh H and Wiesner RH: Evolving frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation based on etiology of liver disease. Transplanation 95: 755-760, 2013.
14. Jiang L, Yan L, Wen T, et al: Hepatitis B prophylaxis using lamivudine and individualized low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin in living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 45: 2326-2330, 2013.
15. Vitale A, Volk M and Cillo U: Transplant benefit for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 19: 9183-9188, 2013.
16. Fang Y, Chen W, Liang X, Li D, Lou H, Chen R, Wang K and Pan H: Comparison of long-term effectiveness and complications of radiofrequency ablation with hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29: 193-200, 2014.
17. Wang Y, Luo Q, Li Y, Deng S, Wei S and Li X: Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinomas: a meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials. PloS One 9: e84484, 2014.
18. Cucchetti A, Piscaqlia F, Cescon M, Ercolani G and Pinna AD: Systematic review of surgical resection vs radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 19: 4106-4188, 2013.
19. Yang T, Zhang J, Lu JH, Yang LQ, Yang GS, Wu MC and Yu WF: A new staging system for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with six existing staging systems in a large Chinese cohort. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 137: 739-750, 2011.
20. Maluccio M and Covey A: Recent progress in understanding, diagnosing, and treating hepatocellular carcinoma. CA Cancer J Clin 62: 394-399, 2012.
21. DuBray BJ Jr, Chapman WC and Anderson CD: Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of the surgical approaches to management. Mo Med 108: 195-198, 2011.
22. Salhab M and Canelo R: An overview of evidence-based management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther 7: 463-475, 2011.
23. Young AL, Adair R, Prasad KR, Toogood GJ and Lodge JP: Hepatocellular carcinoma within a noncirrhotic, nonfibrotic, seronegative liver: surgical approaches and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 214: 174-183, 2012.
24. Gluer AM, Cocco N, Laurence JM, Johnston ES, Hollands MJ, Pleass HC, Richardson AJ and Lam VW: Systematic review of actual 10-year survival following resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 14: 285-290, 2012.
25. Rahbari NN, Wente MN, Schemmer P, Diener MK, Hoffmann K, Motschall E, Schmidt J, Weitz J and Büchler MW: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of portal triad clamping on outcome after hepatic resection. Br J Surg 95: 424-432, 2008.
26. Liao X, Chen L, Fu W and Zhou J: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor protects rat intestine after portal triad clamping. Growth Factors 31: 74-80, 2013.
27. Wang PF, Li CH, Chen YW, Zhang AQ, Cai SW and Dong JH: Preserving hepatic artery flow during portal triad blood inflow occlusion improves remnant liver regeneration in rats after partial hepatectomy. J Surg Res 181: 329-336, 2013.
28. Rammohan A, Sathyanesan J, Ramaswami S, Lakshmanan A, Senthil-Kumar P, Srinivasan UP, Ramasamy R and Ravichandran P: Embolization of liver tumors: Past, present and future. World J Radiol 4: 405-412, 2012.
29. Choi JY: Treatment algorithm for intermediate and advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma: Korea. Oncology 81 (Suppl 1): 141-147, 2011.
30. Fan ST, Mau Lo C, Poon RT, et al: Continuous improvement of survival outcomes of resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 20-year experience. Ann Surg 253: 745-758, 2011.
31. Xi T, Lai EC, Min AR, Shi LH, Wu D, Xue F, Wang K, Yan Z, Xia Y, Shen F, et al: Adjuvant transatheter arterial chemoembolization after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a non-randomized comparative study. Hepatogastroenterology 59: 1198-1203, 2012.
32. Shirable K, Wakiyama S, Gion T, Motomura K, Koyanagi T, Sakamoto S and Nagaie T: Clinicopathological risk factors linked to recurrence pattern after curative hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma - results of 152 resected cases. Hepatogastroenterology 54: 2084-2087, 2007.
33. Ho CM, Wu CY, Lee PH, Lai HS, Ho MC, Wu YM and Hu RH: Analysis of the risk factors of untransplantable recurrence after primary curative resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 20: 2526-2533, 2013.
34. Severi T, van Malenstein H, Verslype C and van Pelt JF: Tumor initiation and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors, classification, and therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 31: 1409-1420, 2010.
35. Wang H and Chen L: Tumor microenvironment and hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28 (Suppl 1):43-48, 2013.
36. Xu J, Xu HY, Zhang Q, Song F, Jiang JL, Yang XM, Mi L, Wen N, Tian R, Wang L, et al: HAb18G/CD147 functions in invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 5: 605-614, 2007.
37. Zhong B, Huang MP, Yin GQ and Gao X: Effects of costimulation on intrahepatic immunopathogenesis in patients with chronic HBV infection. Inflamm Res 63: 217-229, 2014.
38. Wong GL, Chan HL, Tse YK, Lo AO and Wong VW: On-treatment alpha-fetoprotein is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving entecavir. Hepatology 59: 986-995, 2014.
39. Abu-Amara M and Feld JJ: Does antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma? Semin Liver Dis 33: 157-166, 2013.
40. Brechot C, Kremsdorf D, Soussan P, Pineau P, Dejean A, Paterlini-Brechot P and Tiollais P: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): molecular mechanisms and novel paradigms. Pathol Biol (Paris) 58: 278-287, 2010.
41. Kew MC: Hepatocellular carcinoma in African blacks: Recent progress in etiology and pathogenesis. World J Hepatol 2: 65-73, 2010.
42. Chen L, Zhang Q, Chang W, Du Y, Zhang H and Cao G: Viral and host inflammation-related factors that can predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 48: 1977-1987, 2012.
43. Chan HL and Sung JJ: Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. Semin Liver Dis 26: 153-161, 2006.
44. Wu CF, Yu MW, Lin CL, Liu CJ, Shih WL, Tsai KS and Chen CJ: Long-term tracking of hepatitis B viral load and the relationship with risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in men. Carcinogenesis 29: 106-112, 2008.
45. Sun Y, Chen TY, Lu PX, Wang JB, Wu Y, Zhang QN, Qian GS and Tu H: Relationship between serum hepatitis B virus DNA load and hepatocellular carcinoma in Qidong, China: a cohort follow-up study of 14 years. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 92: 1874-1877, 2012 (In Chinese).
46. Pan W, Cheng G, Xing H, Shi J, Lu C, Wei J, Li L, Zhou C, Yuan Q, Zhou L and Yang M: Leukocyte telomere length-related rs621559 and rs398652 genetic variants influence risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 9: e110863, 2014.
47. Ke Y, Wang L, Li LQ and Zhong JH: Nucleos(t)ide analogues to treat hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection. World J Hepatol 6: 653-659, 2014.
48. Sohn W, Paik YH, Kim JM, Kwon CH, Joh JW, Gwak GY, Choi MG, Lee JH, Koh KC, Paik SW and Yoo BC: HBV DNA and HBsAg levels as risk predictors of early and late recurrence after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 21: 2429-2435, 2014.
49. Xia F, Lai EC, Lau WY, Ma K, Li X, Bie P and Qian C: High serum hyaluronic acid and HBV viral load are main prognostic factors of local recurrence after complete radiofrequency ablation of hepatitis B-related small hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 19: 1284-1291, 2012.
50. An HJ, Jang JW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Cho SH, Yoon SK, Han JY, Lee KH, Kim DG and Jung ES: Sustained low hepatitis B viral load predicts good outcome after curative resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25: 1876-1882, 2010.
51. Deng Y, Du Y, Zhang Q, Han X and Cao G: Human cytidine deaminases facilitate hepatitis B virus evolution and link inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 343: 161-171, 2014.
52. McMahon BJ: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Med Clin North Am 98: 39-54, 2014.
53. Su CH, Lin Y and Cai L: Genetic factors, viral infection, other factors and liver cancer: an update on current progress. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14: 4953-4960, 2013.
54. Shi L, Feng Y, Lin H, Ma R and Cai X: Role of estrogen in hepatocellular carcinoma: is inflammation the key? J Transl Med 12: 93, 2014.
55. Höner Zu, Siederdissen C and Cornberg M: The role of HBsAg levels in the current management of chronic HBV infection. Ann Gastroenterol 27: 105-112, 2014.
56. Khaliq S, Latief N and Jahan S: Role of different regions of the hepatitis C virus genome in the therapeutic response to interferon-based treatment. Arch Virol 159: 1-15, 2014.
57. Qashqari H, Al-Mars A, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Damanhouri G, Alqahtani M, Mahmoud M, El Sayed Zaki M, Fatima K and Qadr I: Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced interferon resistance. Infect Genet Evol 19: 113-119, 2013.
58. Herzer K, Hofmann TG, Teufel A, Schimaski CC, Moehler M, Kanzler S, Schulze-Bergkamen H and Galle PR: IFN-α-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma involves promyelocytic leukemia protein and TRAIL independently of p53. Cancer Res 69: 855-862, 2009.
59. Lamm D, Brausi M, O'Donnell MA and Witjes A: Interferon alfa in the treatment paradigm for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 32: 35.e21-35.e30, 2014.
60. Yang YF, Zhao W, Zhong YD, Yang YJ, Shen L, Zhang N and Huang P: Comparison of the efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 and interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis. Antiviral Res 77: 136-141, 2008.
61. Schweizer M, Mätzener P, Pfaffen G, Stalder H and Peterhans E: ‘Self’ and ‘nonself’ manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. J Virol 80: 6926-6935, 2006.
62. Wilden H, Schirrmacher V and Fournier P: Important role of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 in the interferon response of mouse macrophages upon infection by Newcastle disease virus. Int J Oncol 39: 493-504, 2011.
63. Liu, Y, Lou G, Wu W, Shi Y, Zheng M and Chen Z: Interferon-α sensitizes HBx-expressing hepatocarcinoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through inhibition of HBx-mediated NF-κB activation. Virol J 10: 168, 2013.
64. Cabrera R, Ararat M, Cao M, Xu Y, Wasserfall C, Atkinson MA, Liu C and Nelson DR: Hepatocellular carcinoma immunopathogenesis: clinical evidence for global T cell defects and an immunomodulatory role for soluble CD25 (sCD25). Dig Dis Sci 55: 484-495, 2010.
65. Hou ZH, Han QJ, Zhang C, Tian ZG and Zhang J: miR146a impairs the IFN-induced anti-HBV immune response by downregulating STAT1 in hepatocytes. Liver Int 34: 58-68, 2014.
66. Alcantara FF, Tang H and McLachlan A: Functional characterization of the interferon regulatory element in the enhancer 1 region of the hepatitis B virus genome. Nucleic Acids Res 30: 2068-2075, 2002.
67. Belloni L, Allweiss L, Guerrieri F, Pediconi N, Volz T, Pollicino T, Petersen J, Raimondo G, Dandri M and Levrero M: IFN-α inhibits HBV transcription and replication in cell culture and in humanized mice by targeting the epigenetic regulation of the nuclear cccDNA minichromosome. J Clin Invest 122: 529-537, 2012.
68. Yang D, Zuo C, Wang X, Meng X, Xue B, Liu N, Yu R, Qin Y, Gao Y, Wang Q, et al: Complete replication of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in a newly developed hepatoma cell line. Proc Natl Acade Sci USA 111: E1264-E1273, 2014.
69. Sung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, Li KC and Chan HL: Meta-analysis: Treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28: 1067-1077, 2008.
70. Xiaobin F, Shuguo Z, Jian Z, Yudong Q, Lijian L, Kuansheng M, Xiaowu L, Feng X, Dong Y, Shuguang W, et al: Effect of the pringle maneuver on tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection (EPTRH): a randomized, prospective, controlled multicenter trial. BMC Cancer 12: 340, 2012.
71. Torzilli G, Donadon M and Cimino M: Are tumor exposure and anatomical resection antithetical during surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma? A critical review. Liver Cancer 1: 177-182, 2012.
72. Chen JA, Shi M, Li JQ and Qian CN: Angiogenesis: multiple masks in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver regeneration. Hepatol Int 4: 537-547, 2010.
73. Zhung L, Zeng X, Yang Z and Meng Z: Effect and safety of interferon for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One 8: e61361, 2013.
74. Qu LS, Jin F, Huang XW and Shen XZ: Interferon-α therapy after curative resection prevents early recurrence and improves survival in patients with hepatitic B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 102: 796-801, 2010.
75. Qu LS, Jin F, Huang XW and Shen XZ: High hepatitis B viral load predicts recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. J Gastrointest Surg 14: 1111-1120, 2010.
76. Sun HC, Tang ZY, Wang L, Qin LX, Ma ZC, Ye QH, Zhang BH, Qian YB, Wu ZQ, Fan J, et al: Postoperative interferon α treatment postponed recurrence and improved overall survival in patients after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 132: 458-465, 2006.
77. Wang J, He XD, Yao N, Liang WJ and Zhang YC: A meta-analysis of adjuvant therapy after potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol 27: 351-363, 2013.
78. Tan ZM and Sun BC: Effects of antiviral therapy on preventing liver tumorigenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. World J Gastroenterol 19: 8895-8901, 2013.
79. Sun P, Yang X, He RQ, Hu QG, Song ZF, Xiong J and Zheng QC: Antiviral therapy after curative treatment of hepatitis B/C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of randomized trials. Hepatol Res 44: 259-269, 2014.
80. Chen LT, Chen MF, Li LA, Lee PH, Jeng LB, Lin DY, Wu CC, Mok KT, Chen CL, Lee WC, et al; Disease Committee of Adjuvant Therapy for Postoperative Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan: Long-term results of a randomized, observation controlled, phase III trial of adjuvant interferon Alfa-2b in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Ann Surg 255: 8-17, 2012.
81. Takaoka A, Hayakawa S, Yanai H, Stoiber D, Negishi H, Kikuchi H, Sasaki S, Imaki S, Imai K, Shibue T, et al: Integration of interferon-α/β signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence. Nature 424: 516-523, 2003.
82. Slack FJ and Weidhaas JB: MicroRNA in cancer prognosis. N Eng J Med 359: 2720-2722, 2008.
83. Lujambio A and Lowe SW: The microcosmos of cancer. Nature 482: 347-355, 2012.
84. Kong YW, Ferland-McCollough D, Jackson TJ and Bushell M: microRNAs in cancer management. Lancet Oncol 13: e249-e258, 2012.
85. Ji J, Shi J, Budhu A, Yu Z, Forgues M, Roessler S, Ambs S, Chen Y, Meltzer PS, Croce CM,et al: MicroRNA expression, survival, and response to interferon in liver cancer. N Eng J Med 361: 1437-1447, 2009.
86. Ji J, Yu Z, Yu Z, Forgues M, Uenishi T, Kubo S, Wakasa K, Zhou J, Fan J, Tang ZY, et al: Development of a miR-26 companion diagnostic test for adjuvant interferon-alpha therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 9: 303-312, 2013.
87. Hou J, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Fan J, Zhou W, Ng IO, Sun H, Qin L, Qiu S, Lee JM, et al: Hepatic RIG-I predicts survival and interferon-α therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell 25: 49-63, 2014.
88. Zhao Y, Cai G, Zhou L, Liu L, Qi X, Bai M, Li Y, Fan D and Han G: Transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma with vascular invasion or extrahepatic metastasis: A systematic review. Asia Pac J Clin 9: 357-364, 2013.
89. Lencioni R: Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Oncol 39: 503-509, 2012.
90. Chen S, Chen J, Xi W, Xu W and Yin G: Clinical therapeutic effect and biological monitoring of p53 gene in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 37: 24-29, 2014.
91. Zhong JH and Li LQ: Postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for participants with hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Hepatol Res 40: 943-953, 2010.
92. Matsuda M, Omata F, Fuwa S, Saida Y, Suzuki S, Uemura M, Ishii N, Iizuka Y, Fukuda K and Fujita Y: Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated solely with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: risk factors for one-year recurrence and two-year mortality (preliminary data). Intern Med 52: 847-853, 2013.
93. Breunig IM, Shaya FT, Hanna N, Seal B, Chirikov VV and Daniel Mullins C: Transarterial chemoembolization treatment: association between multiple treatments, cumulative expenditures, and survival. Value Health 16: 760-768, 2013.
94. Nagano H, Sakon M, Eguchi H, Kondo M, Yamamoto T, Ota H, Nakamura M, Wada H, Damdinsuren B, Marubashi S, et al: Hepatic resection followed by IFN-α and 5-FU for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the major portal branch. Hepatogastroenterology 54: 172-179, 2007.
95. Choi JW, Park JY, Ahn SH, Yoon KT, Ko HK, Lee do Y, Lee JT, Kim KS, Choi JS, Han KH, et al: Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgical resection. Am J Surg Oncol 32: 564-569, 2009.
96. Li KW, Li X, Wen TF and Lu WS: The effect of postoperative TACE on prognosis of HCC: an update. Hepatogastroenterology 60: 248-251, 2013.
97. Tanaka K, Yabushita Y, Nakagawa K, Kumamoto T, Matsuo K, Taguri M and Endo I: Debulking surgery followed by intraarterial 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy plus subcutaneous interferon alfa for massive hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases: a pilot study. Eur J Surg Oncol 39: 1364-1370, 2013.
98. Kumamoto T, Tanaka K, Matsuo K, Takeda K, Nojiri K, Mori K, Taniguchi K, Matsuyama R, Ueda M, Akiyama H, et al: Adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil and interferon after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary report. Anticancer Res 33: 5585-5590, 2013.
99. Yan Q, Ni J, Zhang GL, Yao X, Yuan WB, Zhou L and Zheng SS: Efficacy of postoperative antiviral combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy in prevention of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Chin Med J (Engl) 126: 855-859, 2013.
100. Xie B, Wang DH and Spechcer SJ: Sorafenib for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Dig Dis Sci 57: 1122-1129, 2012.
101. Zhu AX: Development of sorafenib and other molecularly targeted agents in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 112: 250-259, 2008.
102. Liu L, Cao Y, Chen C, Zhang X, McNabola A, Wilkie D, Wilkie S, Wilhelm S and Lynch M: Sorafenib blocks the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, inhibits tumor angiogenesis, and induces tumor cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma model PLC/PRF/5. Cancer Res 66: 11851-11858, 2006.
103. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, et al; SHARP Investigators Study Group: Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 359: 378-390, 2008.
104. Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, Tsao CJ, Qin S, Kim JS, Luo R, Feng J, Ye S, Yang TS, et al: Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 10: 25-34, 2009.
105. Pawlik TM, Reyes DK, Cosgrove D, Kamel IR, Bhagat N and Geschwind JF: Phase II trial of sorafenib combined with concurrent transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 29: 3960-3967, 2011.
106. Wang SN, Chuang SC and Lee KT: Efficacy of sorafenib as adjuvant therapy to prevent early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgery: A pilot study. Heptatol Res 44: 523-531, 2014.
107. Kim R, Menon N and Aucejo F: Safe use of sorafenib in a patient undergoing salvage liver transplantation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. Med Oncol 28: 1044-1047, 2011.
108. Kudo M: Adjuvant therapy after curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 81 (Suppl 1): 50-55, 2011.
109. Kusano H, Ogasawara S, Akiba J, Nakayama M, Ueda K and Yano H: Antiproliferative effects of sorafenib and pegylated IFN-α2b on human liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 42: 1897-1903, 2013.
110. Wang L, Jia D, Duan F, Sun Z, Liu X, Zhou L, Sun L, Ren S, Ruan Y and Gu J: Combined anti-tumor effects of IFN-α and sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophy Res Commun 422: 687-692, 2012.
111. Huang G, Lai EC, Lau WY, Zhou WP, Shen F, Pan ZY, Fu SY and Wu MC: Posthepatectomy HBV reactivation in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma influences postoperative survival in patients with preoperative low HBV-DNA levels. Ann Surg 257: 490-505, 2012.
112. Su CW, Chiou YW, Tsai YH, Teng RD, Chau GY, Lei HJ, Hung HH, Huo TI and Wu JC: The influence of hepatitis B viral load and pre-s deletion mutations on post-operative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and the tertiary preventive effects by anti-viral therapy. PloS One 8: e66457, 2013.
113. Albert A, Brunetto MR, Colombo M and Craxì A: Recent progress and new trends in the treatment of hepatitis B. J Med Virol 67: 458-462, 2002.
114. Takkenberg RB, Weegink CJ, Zaaijer HL and Reesink HW: New developments in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Vox Sang 98: 481-494, 2010.