Fibrosis: Ultimate and proximate causes

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 124, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 4673-4677

  Thannickal, Victor J ^a   Zhou, Yong ^a   Gaggar, Amit ^a   Duncan, Steven R ^b  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGING; AUTOIMMUNITY; EPIGENETICS; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; FIBROSIS; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; REVIEW; WOUND HEALING; ANIMAL; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; HEART DISEASES; IMMUNOLOGY; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PLEIOTROPY; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; REGENERATION;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; GENETIC PLEIOTROPY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; REGENERATION;

EID: 84908611170     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: 15588238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI74368     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Wynn TA. Fibrotic disease and the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4(8):583-594.
2. Duffield JS, Lupher M, Thannickal VJ, Wynn TA. Host responses in tissue repair and fibrosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2013;8:241-276.
3. Poss KD, Wilson LG, Keating MT. Heart regeneration in zebrafish. Science. 2002;298(5601):2188-2190.
4. Gurtner GC, Werner S, Barrandon Y, Longaker MT. Wound repair and regeneration. Nature. 2008;453(7193):314-321.
5. Tanaka EM, Reddien PW. The cellular basis for animal regeneration. Dev Cell. 2011; 21(1):172-185.
6. Bataller R, Brenner DA. Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(2):209-218.
7. Rossi MA. The pattern of myocardial fibrosis in chronic Chagas' heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 1991;30(3):335-340.
8. Tang YW, et al. Herpesvirus DNA is consistently detected in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(6):2633-2640.
9. Molyneaux PL, Maher TM. The role of infection in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev. 2013;22(129):376-381.
10. Mora AL, et al. Lung infection with gammaherpesvirus induces progressive pulmonary fibrosis in Th2-biased mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005;289(5):L711-L721.
11. McMillan TR, et al. Exacerbation of established pulmonary fibrosis in a murine model by gammaherpesvirus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177(7):771-780.
12. Sisson TH, et al. Targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induces pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(3):254-263.
13. Meneghin A, Hogaboam CM. Infectious disease, the innate immune response, and fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(3):530-538.
14. Marrack P, Kappler J, Kotzin BL. Autoimmune disease: Why and where it occurs. Nat Med. 2001;7(8):899-905.
15. Wucherpfennig KW. Mechanisms for the induction of autoimmunity by infectious agents. J Clin Invest. 2001;108(8):1097-1104.
16. Pordeus V, Szyper-Kravitz M, Levy RA, Vaz NM, Shoenfeld Y. Infections and autoimmunity: A panorama. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008;34(3):283-299.
17. Wraith DC, Nicholson LB. The adaptive immune system in diseases of the central nervous system. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(4):1172-1179.
18. Monaco C, Andreakos E, Kiriakidis S, Feldmann M, Paleolog E. T-cell-mediated signalling in immune, inflammatory and angiogenic processes: The cascade of events leading to inflammatory diseases. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2004;3(1):35-42.
19. Browning JL. B cells move to centre stage: novel opportunities for autoimmune disease treatment. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5(7):564-576.
20. Mayadas TN, Tsokos GC, Tsuboi N. Mechanisms of immune complex-mediated neutrophil recruitment and tissue injury. Circulation. 2009;120(20):2012-2024.
21. Sem M, Molberg O, Lund MB, Gran JT. Rituximab treatment of the anti-synthetase syndrome: A retrospective case series. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(8):968-971.
22. Keir GJ, et al. Severe interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: rituximab as rescue therapy. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(3):641-648.
23. Cancro MP, D'Cruz DP, Khamashta MA. The role of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1066-1073.
24. Knechtle SJ, Kwun J, Iwakoshi N. Prevention trumps treatment of antibody-mediated transplant rejection. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(4):1036-1039.
25. Noble PW, Barkauskas CE, Jiang D. Pulmonary fibrosis: patterns and perpetrators. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(8):2756-2762.
26. Kahloon RA, et al. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with antibodies to heat shock protein 70 have poor prognoses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(7):768-775.
27. Herazo-Maya JD, et al. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles predict poor outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(205):205ra136.
28. Gilani SR, et al. CD28 down-regulation on circulating CD4 T-cells is associated with poor prognoses of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8959.
29. Xue J, et al. Plasma B lymphocyte stimulator and B cell differentiation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. J Immunol. 2013;191(5):2089-2095.
30. Feghali-Bostwick CA, et al. Cellular and humoral autoreactivity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol. 2007;179(4):2592-2599.
31. Kropski JA, Lawson WE, Young LR, Blackwell TS. Genetic studies provide clues on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Dis Model Mech. 2013;6(1):9-17.
32. Hardie WD, Glasser SW, Hagood JS. Emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Am J Pathol. 2009;175(1):3-16.
33. Sanders YY, Hagood JS, Liu H, Zhang W, Ambalavanan N, Thannickal VJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition promotes fibroblast apoptosis and ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(5):1448-1458.
34. Raghu G, Weycker D, Edelsberg J, Bradford WZ, Oster G. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(7):810-816.
35. Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153(6):1194-1217.
36. Thannickal VJ. Mechanistic links between aging and lung fibrosis. Biogerontology. 2013;14(6):609-615.
37. Kirkwood TB. Understanding the odd science of aging. Cell. 2005;120(4):437-447.
38. Prinzinger R. Programmed ageing: The theory of maximal metabolic scope. How does the biological clock tick? EMBO Rep. 2005;6(Spec No):S14-S19.
39. Labbadia J, Morimoto RI. Proteostasis and longevity: When does aging really begin? F1000Prime Rep. 2014;6:7.
40. Williams GC. Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence. Evolution. 1957;11:398-411.
41. Carter AJ, Nguyen AQ. Antagonistic pleiotropy as a widespread mechanism for the maintenance of polymorphic disease alleles. BMC Med Genet. 2011;12:160.
42. Thannickal VJ. Oxygen in the evolution of complex life and the price we pay. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009;40(5):507-510.
43. Hecker L, et al. NADPH oxidase-4 mediates myofibroblast activation and fibrogenic responses to lung injury. Nat Med. 2009;15(9):1077-1081.
44. Hecker L, et al. Reversal of persistent fibrosis in aging by targeting Nox4-Nrf2 redox imbalance. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(231):231ra247.
45. Thannickal VJ. Aging, antagonistic pleiotropy and fibrotic disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010;42(9):1398-1400.
46. Selman M, Pardo A, Kaminski N. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Aberrant recapitulation of developmental programs? PLoS Med. 2008;5(3):e62.
47. Chilosi M, et al. Aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol. 2003;162(5):1495-1502.
48. Konigshoff M, et al. WNT1-inducible signaling protein-1 mediates pulmonary fibrosis in mice and is upregulated in humans with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(4):772-787.
49. Brack AS, et al. Increased Wnt signaling during aging alters muscle stem cell fate and increases fibrosis. Science. 2007;317(5839):807-810.
50. Henderson WR, et al. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin/CREB binding protein (CBP) signaling reverses pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(32):14309-14314.
51. Zhou Y, et al. Inhibition of mechanosensitive signaling in myofibroblasts ameliorates experimental pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(3):1096-1108.
52. Parker MW, et al. Fibrotic extracellular matrix activates a profibrotic positive feedback loop. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(4):1622-1635.