Hereditary breast cancer: Clinical, Pathological and molecular characteristics

Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research

Volumn 8, Issue , 2014, Pages 145-155

  Larsen, Martin J ^a,b   Thomassen, Mads ^a,b   Gerdes, Anne Marie ^c   Kruse, Torben A ^a,b  

^a ODENSE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

^c University of Copenhagen   (Denmark)

Author keywords

BRCA1 2; Clinical genetics; Hereditary breast cancer; Microarray; Molecular profiling; Review

Indexed keywords

BRCA1 PROTEIN; BRCA2 PROTEIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; INIPARIB; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR;

ARTICLE; BILATERAL SALPINGOOOPHORECTOMY; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER RISK; CHROMOSOME 12P; CHROMOSOME 12Q; CHROMOSOME 13Q; CHROMOSOME 14Q; CHROMOSOME 17Q; CHROMOSOME 3Q; CHROMOSOME 5Q; CHROMOSOME 6P; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; FAMILIAL CANCER; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC COUNSELING; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GERMLINE MUTATION; HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER; HIGH THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MASTECTOMY; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALPINGOOOPHORECTOMY; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

EID: 84907880236     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11782234     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4137/BCBCR.S18715     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69–90.
2. Coleman M, Forman D, Bryant H, et al. Cancer survival in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, 1995–2007 (the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership): an analysis of population-based cancer registry data. Lancet. 2011;377(9760):127–138.
3. Broca P. Traité des tumeurs. Vols. 1-2. Paris: Asselin; 1866–1869.
4. Honrado E, Benítez J, Palacios J. The molecular pathology of hereditary breast cancer: genetic testing and therapeutic implications. Mod Pathol. 2005;18(10): 1305–1320.
5. Gerdes A-M, Cruger DG, Thomassen M, Kruse TA. Evaluation of two different models to predict BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a cohort of Danish hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer families. Clin Genet. 2006;69(2):171–178.
6. Melchor L, Benítez J. The complex genetic landscape of familial breast cancer. Hum Genet. 2013;132(8):845–863.
7. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Cancer risks in BRCA2 mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(15):1310–1316.
8. Thompson D, Easton D. The genetic epidemiology of breast cancer genes. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2004;9(3):221–236.
9. Díez O, Osorio A, Durán M, et al. Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Spanish breast/ovarian cancer patients: a high proportion of mutations unique to Spain and evidence of founder effects. Hum Mutat. 2003;22(4):301–312.
10. Mavaddat N, Barrowdale D, Andrulis IL, et al. Pathology of breast and ovarian cancers among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(1):134–147.
11. King M-C, Marks JH, Mandell JB. Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science. 2003;302(5645):643–646.
12. Antoniou A, Pharoah PD, Narod S, et al. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2003; 72(5):1117–1130.
13. van derKolk DM, de Bock GH, Leegte BK, et al. Penetrance of breast cancer, ovarian cancer and contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 families: high cancer incidence at older age. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;124(3):643–651.
14. Chen S, Parmigiani G. Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(11):1329–1333.
15. Antoniou AC, Beesley J, McGuffog L, et al. Common breast cancer susceptibility alleles and the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: implications for risk prediction. Cancer Res. 2010;70(23):9742–9754.
16. Smith TM, Lee MK, Szabo CI, et al. Complete genomic sequence and analysis of 117 kb of human DNA containing the gene BRCA1. Genome Res. 1996;6(11): 1029–1049.
17. Wooster R, Bignell G, Lancaster J, et al. Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2. Nature. 1995;378(6559):789–792.
18. Roy R, Chun J, Powell SN. BRCA1 and BRCA2: different roles in a common pathway of genome protection. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;12(1):68–78.
19. Yuan S-SF, Lee S-Y, Chen G, Song M, Tomlinson GE, Lee EY. BRCA2 is required for ionizing radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 complex in vivo. Cancer Res. 1999;59(15):3547–3551.
20. Zhong Q, Chen CF, Li S, et al. Association of BRCA1 with the hRad50-hMre11-p95 complex and the DNA damage response. Science. 1999;285(5428): 747–750.
21. Rajan JV, Wang M, Marquis ST, Chodosh LA. BRCA2 is coordinately regulated with Brca1 during proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(23):13078–13083.
22. Wang Y, Cortez D, Yazdi P, Neff N, Elledge SJ, Qin J. BASC, a super complex of BRCA1-associated proteins involved in the recognition and repair of aberrant DNA structures. Genes Dev. 2000;14(8):927–939.
23. Narod SA, Foulkes WD. BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(9):665–676.
24. The Breast Cancer Information Core Database. 2012. Available at http://research.nhgri.nih.gov/projects/bic/
25. Thomassen M, Gerdes A-M, Cruger D, Jensen PKA, Kruse TA. Low frequency of large genomic rearrangements of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in western Denmark. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006;168(2):168–171.
26. Spearman AD, Sweet K, Zhou X-P, McLennan J, Couch FJ, Toland AE. Clinically applicable models to characterize BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(33):5393–5400.
27. Collins N, McManus R, Wooster R, et al. Consistent loss of the wild type allele in breast cancers from a family linked to the BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13q12-13. Oncogene. 1995;10(8):1673–1675.
28. Cornelis RS, Neuhausen SL, Johansson O, et al. High allele loss rates at 17q12-q21 in breast and ovarian tumors from BRCAl-linked families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1995;13(3): 203–210.
29. Khoo US, Ozcelik H, Cheung AN, et al. Somatic mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Chinese sporadic breast and ovarian cancer. Oncogene. 1999;18(32):4643–4646.
30. Esteller M, Silva JM, Dominguez G, et al. Promoter hypermethylation and BRCA1 inactivation in sporadic breast and ovarian tumors. Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(7):564–569.
31. Tapia T, Smalley SV, Kohen P, et al. Promoter hypermethylation of BRCA1 correlates with absence of expression in hereditary breast cancer tumors. Epigenetics. 2008;3(3): 157–163.
32. Birgisdottir V, Stefansson OA, Bodvarsdottir SK, Hilmarsdottir H, Jonasson JG, Eyfjord JE. Epigenetic silencing and deletion of the BRCA1 gene in sporadic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8(4):R38.
33. Honrado E, Osorio A, Milne RL, et al. Immunohistochemical classification of non-BRCA1/2 tumors identifies different groups that demonstrate the heterogeneity of BRCAX families. Mod Pathol. 2007;20(12):1298–1306.
34. Larsen MJ, Thomassen M, Tan Q, et al. RNA profiling reveals familial aggregation of molecular subtypes in non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families. BMC Med Genomics. 2014;7(1):9.
35. Dworkin AM, Spearman AD, Tseng SY, Sweet K, Toland AE. Methylation not a frequent “second hit” in tumors with germline BRCA mutations. Fam Cancer. 2009;8(4):339–346.
36. Collins N, Wooster R, Stratton MR. Absence of methylation of CpG dinucleotides within the promoter of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 in normal tissues and in breast and ovarian cancers. Br J Cancer. 1997;76(9):1150–1156.
37. Vargas AC, Reis-Filho JS, Lakhani SR. Phenotype-genotype correlation in familial breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2011;16(1):27–40.
38. Turnbull C, Rahman N. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2008;9:321–345.
39. Tan DS, Marchiò C, Reis-Filho JS. Hereditary breast cancer: from molecular pathology to tailored therapies. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(10):1073–1082.
40. Walsh T, King M-C. Ten genes for inherited breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 2007; 11(2):103–105.
41. Easton D., Pooley KA, Dunning AM, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci. Nature. 2007;447(7148):1087–1093.
42. Stacey SN, Manolescu A, Sulem P, et al. Common variants on chromosomes 2q35 and 16q12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nat Genet. 2007;39(7):865–869.
43. Cox A, Dunning AM, Garcia-Closas M, et al. A common coding variant in CASP8 is associated with breast cancer risk. Nat Genet. 2007;39(3):352–358.
44. Smith P, McGuffog L, Easton D., et al. A genome wide linkage search for breast cancer susceptibility genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2006;45(7):646–655.
45. Rosa-Rosa JM, Pita G, Urioste M, et al. Genome-wide linkage scan reveals three putative breast-cancer-susceptibility loci. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;84(2):115–122.
46. Arason A, Gunnarsson H, Johannesdottir G, et al. Genome-wide search for breast cancer linkage in large Icelandic non-BRCA1/2 families. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(4):R50.
47. Snape K, Ruark E, Tarpey P, et al. Predisposition gene identification in common cancers by exome sequencing: insights from familial breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;134(1):429–433.
48. Gracia-Aznarez FJ, Fernandez V, Pita G, et al. Whole exome sequencing suggests much of non-BRCA1/BRCA2 familial breast cancer is due to moderate and low penetrance susceptibility alleles. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55681.
49. Hilbers FS, Meijers CM, Laros JF, et al. Exome sequencing of germline DNA from non-BRCA1/2 familial breast cancer cases selected on the basis of aCGH tumor profiling. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55734.
50. Meindl A, Hellebrand H, Wiek C, et al. Germline mutations in breast and ovarian cancer pedigrees establish RAD51C as a human cancer susceptibility gene. Nat Genet. 2010;42(5):410–414.
51. Lacey JV Jr, Kreimer AR, Buys SS, et al. Breast cancer epidemiology according to recognized breast cancer risk factors in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial cohort. BMC Cancer. 2009;9(1):84.
52. Marcus JN, Watson P, Page DL, et al. Hereditary breast cancer: Pathobiology, prognosis, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene linkage. Cancer. 1996;77(4):697–709.
53. Jensen ML, Kiaer H, Andersen J, Jensen V, Melsen F. Prognostic comparison of three classifications for medullary carcinomas of the breast. Histopathology. 1997;30(6):523–532.
54. Eisinger F, Jacquemier J, Charpin C, et al. Mutations at BRCA1: the medullary breast carcinoma revisited. Cancer Res. 1998;58(8):1588–1592.
55. Marcus JN, Watson P, Page DL, et al. BRCA2 hereditary breast cancer pathophenotype. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44(3):275–277.
56. Van der Groep P, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ. Pathology of hereditary breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2011;34(2):71–88.
57. Stratton MR. Pathology of familial breast cancer: differences between breast cancers in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and sporadic cases. Lancet. 1997;349(9064):1505–1510.
58. De Ruijter TC, Veeck J, de Hoon JPJ, van Engeland M, Tjan-Heijnen VC. Characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2010; 137(2):183–192.
59. Honrado E, Benítez J, Palacios J. The pathology of hereditary breast cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2004;2(3):131.
60. Lakhani SR, Reis-Filho JS, Fulford L, et al. Prediction of BRCA1 status in patients with breast cancer using estrogen receptor and basal phenotype. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(14):5175–5180.
61. Greenblatt MS, Chappuis PO, Bond JP, Hamel N, Foulkes WD. TP53 mutations in breast cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 germ-line mutations. Cancer Res. 2001;61(10):4092–4097.
62. Crook T, Brooks LA, Crossland S, et al. p53 Mutation with frequent novel condons but not a mutator phenotype in BRCA1-and BRCA2-associated breast tumours. Oncogene. 1998;17(13):1681–1689.
63. Hakem R, de la Pompa JL, Mak TW. Developmental studies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 knock-out mice. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1998;3(4):431–445.
64. Lakhani SR, Van DeVijver MJ, Jacquemier J, et al. The pathology of familial breast cancer: predictive value of immunohistochemical markers estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2, and p53 in patients with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(9):2310–2318.
65. Spurdle AB, Lakhani SR, Healey S, et al. Clinical classification of BRCA1 and BRCA2 DNA sequence variants: the value of cytokeratin profiles and evolutionary analysis — a report from the kConFab investigators. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(10): 1657–1663.
66. van derGroep P, Bouter A, van derZanden R, et al. Distinction between hereditary and sporadic breast cancer on the basis of clinicopathological data. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(6):611–617.
67. Lakhani SR, Gusterson BA, Jacquemier J, et al. The pathology of familial breast cancer: histological features of cancers in families not attributable to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(3):782–789.
68. Oldenburg RA, Kroeze-Jansema K, Meijers-Heijboer H, et al. Characterization of familial non-BRCA1/2 breast tumors by loss of heterozygosity and immunophenotyping. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(6):1693–1700.
69. Kilpivaara O, Bartkova J, Eerola H, et al. Correlation of CHEK2 protein expression and c.1100delC mutation status with tumor characteristics among unselected breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2005;113(4):575–580.
70. de Bock GH, Schutte M, Krol-Warmerdam EM, et al. Tumour characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients carrying the germline CHEK2*1100delC variant. J Med Genet. 2004;41(10):731–735.
71. Pal T, Vadaparampil ST. Genetic risk assessments in individuals at high risk for inherited breast cancer in the breast oncology care setting. Cancer Control. 2012;19(4):255–266.
72. Nelson HD, Fu R, Goddard K, et al. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer: Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013.
73. Domchek SM, Friebel TM, Singer CF, et al. Association of risk-reducing surgery in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers with cancer risk and mortality. JAMA. 2010;304(9):967–975.
74. Heemskerk-Gerritsen BA, Brekelmans CT, Menke-Pluymers MB, et al. Prophylactic mastectomy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and women at risk of hereditary breast cancer: long-term experiences at the Rotterdam family cancer clinic. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(12):3335–3344.
75. Salhab M, Bismohun S, Mokbel K. Risk-reducing strategies for women carrying brca1/2 mutations with a focus on prophylactic surgery. BMC Womens Health. 2010;10(1):28.
76. Sigal BM, Munoz DF, Kurian AW, Plevritis SKA. Simulation model to predict the impact of prophylactic surgery and screening on the life expectancy of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(7):1066–1077.
77. Brozek I, Ratajska M, Piatkowska M, et al. Limited significance of family history for presence of BRCA1 gene mutation in polish breast and ovarian cancer cases. Fam Cancer. 2012;11(3):351–354.
78. Byrski T, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, et al. Pathologic complete response rates in young women with BRCA1-positive breast cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(3):375–379.
79. Byrski T, Huzarski T, Dent R, et al. Response to neoadjuvant therapy with cisplatin in BRCA1-positive breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;115(2): 359–363.
80. Farmer H, McCabe N, Lord CJ, et al. Targeting the DNA repair defect in BRCA mutant cells as a therapeutic strategy. Nature. 2005;434(7035):917–921.
81. Bryant HE, Schultz N, Thomas HD, et al. Specific killing of BRCA2-deficient tumours with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Nature. 2005;434(7035): 913–917.
82. Ashworth AA. Synthetic lethal therapeutic approach: poly(ADP) Ribose polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancers deficient in DNA double-strand break repair. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(22):3785–3790.
83. Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA, et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(2):123–134.
84. Audeh MW, Carmichael J, Penson RT, et al. Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and recurrent ovarian cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9737): 245–251.
85. Tutt A, Robson M, Garber JE, et al. Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and advanced breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9737):235–244.
86. O’Shaughnessy J, Osborne C, Pippen JE, et al. Iniparib plus chemotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(3):205–214.
87. Guha M. PARP inhibitors stumble in breast cancer. Nat Biotechnol. 2011;29(5): 373–374.
88. van Beers EH, Nederlof PM. Array-CGH and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8(3):210.
89. Verghese ET, Hanby AM, Speirs V, Hughes TA. Small is beautiful: microRNAs and breast cancer-where are we now? J Pathol. 2008;215(3):214–221.
90. Holm K, Hegardt C, Staaf J, et al. Molecular subtypes of breast cancer are associated with characteristic DNA methylation patterns. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(3):R36.
91. Dedeurwaerder S, Desmedt C, Calonne E, et al. DNA methylation profiling reveals a predominant immune component in breast cancers. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3(12):726–741.
92. Sotiriou C, Pusztai L. Gene-expression signatures in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(8):790–800.
93. Kumar R, Sharma A, Tiwari RK. Application of microarray in breast cancer: ann overview. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4(1):21–26.
94. Hedenfalk I, Duggan D, Chen Y, et al. Gene-expression profiles in hereditary breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(8):539–548.
95. Lakhani SR, O’Hare MJ, Ashworth A. Profiling familial breast cancer. Nat Med. 2001;7(4):408–410.
96. van’tVeer LJ, Dai H, van deVijver MJ, et al. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature. 2002;415(6871):530–536.
97. Lisowska KM, Dudaladava V, Jarzab M, et al. BRCA1-related gene signature in breast cancer: the role of ER status and molecular type. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2011;3:125–136.
98. Hedenfalk I, Ringner M, Ben-Dor A, et al. Molecular classification of familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(5): 2532–2537.
99. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000;406(6797):747–752.
100. Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, et al. Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(14):8418–8423.
101. Hu Z, Fan C, Oh DS, et al. The molecular portraits of breast tumors are conserved across microarray platforms. BMC Genomics. 2006;7(1):96.
102. Yu K, Lee CH, Tan P., Tan P. Conservation of breast cancer molecular subtypes and transcriptional patterns of tumor progression across distinct ethnic populations. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(16):5508–5517.
103. Sørlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(19):10869–10874.
104. Parker JS, Mullins M, Cheang MC, et al. Supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on intrinsic subtypes. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(8):1160–1167.
105. Waddell N, Arnold J, Cocciardi S, et al. Subtypes of familial breast tumours revealed by expression and copy number profiling. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;123(3): 661–677.
106. Jönsson G, Staaf J, Vallon-Christersson J, et al. The retinoblastoma gene undergoes rearrangements in brca1-deficient basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2012;72(16): 4028–4036.
107. Larsen MJ, Kruse TA, Tan Q, et al. Classifications within molecular subtypes enables identification of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers by RNA tumor profiling. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64268.
108. Fernández-Ramires R, Solé X, De Cecco L, et al. Gene expression profiling integrated into network modelling reveals heterogeneity in the mechanisms of BRCA1 tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer. 2009;101(8):1469–1480.
109. Waddell N, Cocciardi S, Johnson J, et al. Gene expression profiling of formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded familial breast tumours using the whole genome-DASL assay. J Pathol. 2010;221(4):452–461.
110. Nagel JH, Peeters JK, Smid M, et al. Gene expression profiling assigns CHEK2 1100delC breast cancers to the luminal intrinsic subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132(2):439–448.
111. Fernández-Ramires R, Gómez G, Muñoz-Repeto I, et al. Transcriptional characteristics of familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast tumors. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128(11):2635–2644.
112. Jönsson G, Staaf J, Vallon-Christersson J, et al. Genomic subtypes of breast cancer identified by array-comparative genomic hybridization display distinct molecular and clinical characteristics. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(3):R42.