Going underground: Bootlegging and individual innovative performance

Organization Science

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1287-1305

  Criscuolo, Paola ^a   Salter, Ammon ^b   Ter Wal, Anne L J ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BATH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bootlegging; Creative deviance; Innovation; Innovative performance; R D

Indexed keywords

EID: 84907587350     PISSN: 10477039     EISSN: 15265455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2013.0856     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Abetti PA (1997) Underground innovation in Japan: The development of Toshiba's word processor and laptop computer. Creativity Innovation Management 6(3):127-139.
2. Adler PS, Borys B (1996) Two types of bureaucracy: Enabling and coercive. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41(1):61-89.
3. Ai C, Norton EC (2003) Interaction terms in logit and probit models. Econom. Lett. 80(1):123-129.
4. Amabile TM (1996) Creativity in Context: Update to the Social Psychology of Creativity (Westview Press, Boulder, CO).
5. Amabile TM (2000) Stimulate creativity by fueling passion. Locke E, ed. Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior (Blackwell, Malden, MA), 331-341.
6. Amabile TM, Gryskiewicz SS (1987) Creativity in the R&D Laboratory (Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro, NC).
7. Antoncic B, Hisrich RD (2001) Intrapreneurship: Construct refinement and cross-cultural validation. J. Bus. Venturing 16(5): 495-527.
8. Aram JD (1973) Innovation via the R&D underground. Res. Management 16(November):24-26.
9. Armstrong JS, Overton TS (1977) Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. J. Marketing Res. 14(3):396-402.
10. Arvey RD, Murphy KR (1998) Performance evaluation in work settings. Annual Rev. Psych. 49(1):141-168.
11. Augsdörfer P (1996) Forbidden Fruit: An Analysis of Bootlegging, Uncertainty, and Learning in Corporate R&D (Avebury, Aldershot, UK).
12. Augsdörfer P (2005) Bootlegging and path dependency. Res. Policy 34(1):1-11.
13. Bailyn L (1985) Autonomy in the industrial R&D lab. Human Resource Management 24(2):129-146.
14. Beck N, Katz JN, Tucker R (1998) Taking time seriously: Timeseries-cross-section analysis with a binary dependent variable. Amer. J. Political Sci. 42(4):1260-1288.
15. Becker HS (1997) Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance (Free Press, New York).
16. Benner MJ, Tushman M (2002) Process management and technological innovation: A longitudinal study of the photography and paint industries. Admin. Sci. Quart. 47(4):676-706.
17. Bercovitz J, Feldman M (2008) Academic entrepreneurs: Organizational change at the individual level. Organ. Sci. 19(1):69-89.
18. Burgelman RA (1983) A process model of internal corporate venturing in the diversified major firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 28(2): 223-244.
19. Burgelman RA, Grove AS (2007) Let chaos reign, then rein in chaos-repeatedly: Managing strategic dynamics for corporate longevity. Strategic Management J. 28(10):965-979.
20. Burgelman RA, Sayles LR (1986) Inside Corporate Innovation: Strategy, Structure, and Managerial Skills (Free Press, New York).
21. Burns T, Stalker GM (1961) The Management of Innovation (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK).
22. Cheng Y-T, Van de Ven AH (1996) Learning the innovation journey: Order out of chaos? Organ. Sci. 7(6):593-614.
23. Cooper RG (1990) Stage-gate systems: A new tool for managing new products. Bus. Horizons 33(3):44-54.
24. Cooper RG, Edgett SJ (2009) Generating Breakthrough New Product Ideas: Feeding the Innovation Funnel (Product Development Institute, Ancaster, ON, Canada).
25. Cyert RM, March JG (1963) A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
26. Dahlin K, Taylor M, Fichman M (2004) Today's Edisons or weekend hobbyists: Technical merit and success of inventions by independent inventors. Res. Policy 33(8):1167-1183.
27. DiTomaso N, Post C, Smith DR, Farris GF, Cordero R (2007) Effects of structural position on allocation and evaluation decisions for scientists and engineers in industrial R&D. Admin. Sci. Quart. 52(2):175-207.
28. Dougherty D (1992) Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms. Organ. Sci. 3(2):179-202.
29. Feldman DC (1984) The development and enforcement of group norms. Acad. Management Rev. 9(1):47-53.
30. Ford JD, Ford LW, D'Amelio A (2008) Resistance to change: The rest of the story. Acad. Management Rev. 33(2):362-377.
31. Frese M, Kring W, Soose A, Zempel J (1996) Personal initiative at work: Differences between East and West Germany. Acad. Management J. 39(1):37-63.
32. Garud R, Gehman J, Kumaraswamy A (2011) Complexity arrangements for sustained innovation: Lessons from 3M Corporation. Organ. Stud. 32(6):737-767.
33. Granger CWJ (1969) Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica 37(3): 424-438.
34. Greene CN (1978) Identification modes of professionals: Relationship with formalization, role strain, and alienation. Acad. Management J. 21(3):486-492.
35. Greene WH (2003) Econometric Analysis, 5th ed. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).
36. Greenhaus JH, Parasuraman S, Wormley WM (1990) Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Acad. Management J. 33(1):64-86.
37. Greenwood R, Hinings CR (1996) Understanding radical organizational change: Bringing together the old and the new institutionalism. Acad. Management Rev. 21(4):1022-1054.
38. Griffin A, Hauser JR (1996) Integrating R&D and marketing: A review and analysis of the literature. J. Product Innovation Management 13(3):191-215.
39. Gundling E, Porras JI (2000) The 3M Way to Innovation: Balancing People and Profit (Kodansha International, New York).
40. Hannah DR (2005) Should I keep a secret? The effects of trade secret protection procedures on employees' obligations to protect trade secrets. Organ. Sci. 16(1):71-84.
41. Iyer B, Davenport TH (2008) Reverse engineering Google's innovation machine. Harvard Bus. Rev. 86(4):58-68.
42. Jansen JJP, Van Den Bosch FAJ, Volberda HW (2006) Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and performance: Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators. Management Sci. 52(11):1661-1674.
43. Kanter RM (2000) When a thousand flowers bloom: Structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organization. Swedberg R, ed. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK), 167-210.
44. Knight KE (1967) A descriptive model of the intra-firm innovation process. J. Bus. 40(4):478-496.
45. Knudsen T, Levinthal DA (2007) Two faces of search: Alternative generation and alternative evaluation. Organ. Sci. 18(1):39-54.
46. Koch R, Leitner KH (2008) The dynamics and functions of selforganization in the fuzzy front end: Empirical evidence from the Austrian semiconductor industry. Creativity Innovation Management 17(3):216-226.
47. Lawrence TB, Robinson SL (2007) Ain't misbehavin: Workplace deviance as organizational resistance. J. Management 33(3): 378-394.
48. Levinthal D, March JG (1981) A model of adaptive organizational search. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. 2(4):307-333.
49. Lindell MK, Whitney DJ (2001) Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. J. Appl. Psych. 86(1):114-121.
50. Mainemelis C (2010) Stealing fire: Creative deviance in the evolution of new ideas. Acad. Management Rev. 35(4):558-578.
51. March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71-87.
52. March JG (2006) Rationality, foolishness, and adaptive intelligence. Strategic Management J. 27(3):201-214.
53. Masoudnia Y, Szwejczewski M (2012) Bootlegging in the R&D departments of high-technology firms. Res.-Tech. Management 55(5):35-42.
54. Mehra A, Kilduff M, Brass DJ (2001) The social networks of high and low self-monitors: Implications for workplace performance. Admin. Sci. Quart. 46(1):121-146.
55. Merton RK (1968) Social Theory and Social Structure (Free Press, New York).
56. Miner AS (1994) Seeking adaptive advantage: Evolutionary theory and managerial action. Baum JAC, Singh JV, eds. Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK), 76-89.
57. Mom TJM, van Den Bosch FAJ, Volberda HW (2009) Understanding variation in managers' ambidexterity: Investigating direct and interaction effects of formal structural and personal coordination mechanisms. Organ. Sci. 20(4):812-828.
58. Mowery DC (2009) Plus ca change: Industrial R&D in the "third industrial revolution." Indust. Corporate Change 18(1):1-50.
59. Nelson RR, Winter SG (1977) In search of useful theory of innovation. Res. Policy 6(1):36-76.
60. Nye JS Jr (2004) Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (PublicAffairs, New York).
61. O'Connor GC, DeMartino R (2006) Organizing for radical innovation: An exploratory study of the structural aspects of RI management systems in large established firms. J. Product Innovation Management 23(6):475-497.
62. O'Connor GC, McDermott CM (2004) The human side of radical innovation. J. Engrg. Tech. Management 21(1-2):11-30.
63. Oldham GR, Cummings A (1996) Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Acad. Management J. 39(3):607-634.
64. Pelz DC, Andrews FM (1966) Autonomy, coordination, and stimulation in relation to scientific achievement. Behav. Sci. 11(2): 89-97.
65. Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee J-Y, Podsakoff NP (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J. Appl. Psych. 88(5): 879-903.
66. Reid SE, De Brentani U (2004) The fuzzy front end of new product development for discontinuous innovations: A theoretical model. J. Product Innovation Management 21(3):170-184.
67. Rynes SL, Gerhart B, Minette KA (2004) The importance of pay in employee motivation: Discrepancies between what people say and what they do. Human Resource Management 43(4): 381-394.
68. Salter A, Criscuolo P, Ter Wal ALJ, Alexy O (2012) Open for ideation: Individual-level openness and idea generation in R&D. Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, June 19-21, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark.
69. Sarin S, Mahajan V (2001) The effect of reward structures on the performance of cross-functional product development teams. J. Marketing 65(2):35-53.
70. Schilling MA (2010) Strategic Management of Technological Innovation, 3rd ed. (McGraw-Hill Education, New York).
71. Scott SG, Bruce RA (1994) Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Acad. Management J. 37(3):580-607.
72. Sharma A (1999) Central dilemmas of managing innovation in large firms. Calif. Management Rev. 41(3):146-164.
73. Smith SM (2003) The constraining effects of initiation ideas. Paulus PB, Nijstad BA, eds. Group Creativity: Innovation Through Collaboration (Oxford University Press, New York), 15-31.
74. Ter Wal ALJ, Criscuolo P, Salter A (2011) The craft of openness: Absorptive capacity at the individual level and innovation. Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, June 15-17, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark.
75. Tierney P, Farmer SM, Graen GB (2006) An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psych. 52(3):591-620.
76. Tushman ML, O'Reilly CA III (1996) Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. Calif. Management Rev. 38(4):8-30.
77. Umphress EE, Bingham JB (2011) When employees do bad things for good reasons: Examining unethical pro-organizational behaviors. Organ. Sci. 22(3):621-640.
78. Unsworth K (2001) Unpacking creativity. Acad. Management Rev. 26(2):289-297.
79. Van de Ven AH (1986) Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Sci. 32(5):590-607.
80. Voss GB, Sirdeshmukh D, Voss ZG (2008) The effects of slack resources and environmental threat on product exploration and exploitation. Acad. Management J. 51(1):147-164.
81. Warren DE (2003) Constructive and destructive deviance in organizations. Acad. Management Rev. 28(4):622-632.
82. West MA, Farr JL (1990) Innovation and Creativity at Work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK).
83. Whelan-Berry KS, Gordon JR, Hinings CR (2003) Strengthening organizational change processes: Recommendations and implications from a multilevel analysis. J. Appl. Behav. Sci. 39(2): 186-207.
84. Wooldridge JM (2009) Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 4th ed. (South-Western, Mason, OH).
85. Zelner BA (2009) Using simulation to interpret results from logit, probit, and other nonlinear models. Strategic Management J. 30(12):1335-1348.