Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on a "peeled-off" epitaxial Cu(111) foil: A simple approach to improved properties

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 8636-8643

  Yu, Hak Ki ^a,b   Balasubramanian, Kannan ^c   Kim, Kisoo ^d   Lee, Jong Lam ^d   Maiti, Manisankar ^a   Ropers, Claus ^a   Krieg, Janina ^c,e   Kern, Klaus ^c   Wodtke, Alec M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR FESTKÖRPERFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

^d Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)   (South Korea)

^e GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG GMBH   (Germany)

Author keywords

carrier mobility; chemical vapor deposition; copper catalyst; epitaxial Cu (111) foil; graphene; peel off

Indexed keywords

CARRIER MOBILITY; CATALYSTS; GRAPHENE; HALL MOBILITY; HOLE MOBILITY; SAPPHIRE; SINGLE CRYSTALS; SUBSTRATES;

COPPER CATALYST; CRYSTAL DOMAIN SIZE; CU(1 1 1); CVD-GROWN GRAPHENE; EPITAXIALLY GROWN; EXPOSED SURFACES; SINGLE CRYSTAL SAPPHIRES; WELL-ESTABLISHED TECHNIQUES;

CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION;

EID: 84906675302     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn503476j     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Li, X. S.; Cai, W. W.; An, J. H.; Kim, S.; Nah, J.; Yang, D. X.; Piner, R.; Velamakanni, A.; Jung, I.; Tutuc, E. et al. Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils Science 2009, 324, 1312-1314
2. Bae, S.; Kim, H.; Lee, Y.; Xu, X. F.; Park, J. S.; Zheng, Y.; Balakrishnan, J.; Lei, T.; Kim, H. R.; Song, Y. I. et al. Roll-to-Roll Production of 30-Inch Graphene Films for Transparent Electrodes Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 574-578
3. Novoselov, K. S.; Falko, V. I.; Colombo, L.; Gellert, P. R.; Schwab, M. G.; Kim, K. A. Roadmap for Graphene Nature 2012, 490, 192-200
4. Kim, K. S.; Zhao, Y.; Jang, H.; Lee, S. Y.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. S.; Ahn, J.-H.; Kim, P.; Choi, J.-Y.; Hong, B. H. Large-Scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes Nature 2009, 457, 706-710
5. Geim, A. K. Graphene: Status and Prospects Science 2009, 324, 1530-1534
6. Wood, J. D.; Schmucker, S. W.; Lyons, A. S.; Pop, E.; Lyding, J. W. Effects of Polycrystalline Cu Substrate on Graphene Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4547-4554
7. Hu, B.; Ago, H.; Ito, Y.; Kawahara, K.; Tsuji, M.; Magome, E.; Sumitani, K.; Mizuta, N.; Ikeda, K.-i.; Mizuno, S. Epitaxial Growth of Large-Area Single-Layer Graphene over Cu(111)/Sapphire by Atmospheric Pressure CVD Carbon 2012, 50, 57-65
8. Gao, L.; Guest, J. R.; Guisinger, N. P. Epitaxial Graphene on Cu(111) Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3512-3516
9. Han, G. H.; Guenes, F.; Bae, J. J.; Kim, E. S.; Chae, S. J.; Shin, H.-J.; Choi, J.-Y.; Pribat, D.; Lee, Y. H. Influence of Copper Morphology in Forming Nucleation Seeds for Graphene Growth Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4144-4148
10. Song, H. S.; Li, S. L.; Miyazaki, H.; Sato, S.; Hayashi, K.; Yamada, A.; Yokoyama, N.; Tsukagoshi, K. Origin of the Relatively Low Transport Mobility of Graphene Grown through Chemical Vapor Deposition Sci. Rep. 2012, 2, 337
11. Ni, G.-X.; Zheng, Y.; Bae, S.; Kim, H. R.; Pachoud, A.; Kim, Y. S.; Tan, C.-L.; Im, D.; Ahn, J.-H.; Hong, B. H. et al. Quasi-Periodic Nanoripples in Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Impact on Charge Transport ACS Nano 2012, 6, 1158-1164
12. Reddy, K. M.; Gledhill, A. D.; Chen, C.-H.; Drexler, J. M.; Padture, N. P. High Quality, Transferrable Graphene Grown on Single Crystal Cu(111) Thin Films on Basal-Plane Sapphire Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98, 113117
13. Orofeo, C. M.; Hibino, H.; Kawahara, K.; Ogawa, Y.; Tsuji, M.; Ikeda, K.-i.; Mizuno, S.; Ago, H. Influence of Cu Metal on the Domain Structure and Carrier Mobility in Single-Layer Graphene Carbon 2012, 50, 2189-2196
14. 3 (0001) for Graphene Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition J. Appl. Phys. 2012, 112, 064317
15. Khattak, C. P.; Guggenheim, P. J.; Schmid, F. Growth of 15-Inch Diameter Sapphire Boules. In Window and Dome Technologies VIII; Tustison, R. W., Ed.; SPIE: Bellingham, WA, 2003; Vol. 5078, pp 47-53.
16. Khattak, C. P.; Schmid, F. Growth of the Worlds Largest Sapphire Crystals J. Cryst. Growth 2001, 225, 572-579
17. Schmid, F.; Khattak, C. P.; Felt, D. M. Producing Large Sapphire for Optical Applications Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 1994, 73, 39-44
18. Oh, S. H.; Scheu, C.; Wagner, T.; Ruehle, M. Control of Bonding and Epitaxy at Copper/Sapphire Interface Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 141912
19. Yu, H. K.; Baik, J. M.; Lee, J.-L. Self-Connected and Habitually Tilted Piezoelectric Nanorod Array ACS Nano 2011, 5, 8828-8833
20. Yu, H. K.; Baik, J. M.; Lee, J.-L. Design of an Interfacial Layer to Block Chemical Reaction for Epitaxial ZnO Growth on a Si Substrate Cryst. Growth Des. 2011, 11, 2438-2443
21. Chavez, K. L.; Hess, D. W. A Novel Method of Etching Copper Oxide Using Acetic Acid J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001, 148, G640-G643
22. Biesinger, M. C.; Lau, L. W. M.; Gerson, A. R.; Smart, R. S. C. Resolving Surface Chemical States in XPS Analysis of First Row Transition Metals, Oxides and Hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn Appl. Surf. Sci. 2010, 257, 887-898
23. Levendorf, M. P.; Ruiz-Vargas, C. S.; Garg, S.; Park, J. Transfer-Free Batch Fabrication of Single Layer Graphene Transistors Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 4479-4483
24. Zhang, B.; Lee, W. H.; Piner, R.; Kholmanov, I.; Wu, Y.; Li, H.; Ji, H.; Ruoff, R. S. Low-Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Graphene from Toluene on Electropolished Copper Foils ACS Nano 2012, 6, 2471-2476
25. Luo, Z.; Lu, Y.; Singer, D. W.; Berck, M. E.; Somers, L. A.; Goldsmith, B. R.; Johnson, A. T. C. Effect of Substrate Roughness and Feedstock Concentration on Growth of Wafer-Scale Graphene at Atmospheric Pressure Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 1441-1447
26. Kim, D. W.; Kim, Y. H.; Jeong, H. S.; Jung, H.-T. Direct Visualization of Large-Area Graphene Domains and Boundaries by Optical Birefringency Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 29-34
27. Hao, Y. F.; Bharathi, M. S.; Wang, L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Chen, H.; Nie, S.; Wang, X. H.; Chou, H.; Tan, C.; Fallahazad, B. et al. The Role of Surface Oxygen in the Growth of Large Single-Crystal Graphene on Copper Science 2013, 342, 720-723
28. Malard, L. M.; Pimenta, M. A.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene Phys. Rep. 2009, 473, 51-87
29. Chen, F.; Qing, Q.; Xia, J.; Li, J.; Tao, N. Electrochemical Gate-Controlled Charge Transport in Graphene in Ionic Liquid and Aqueous Solution J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9908-9909
30. 3 Dielectric Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 062107
31. Bolotin, K. I.; Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z.; Klima, M.; Fudenberg, G.; Hone, J.; Kim, P.; Stormer, H. L. Ultrahigh Electron Mobility in Suspended Graphene Solid State Commun. 2008, 146, 351-355
32. 2 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 206-209