The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus

The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-204

  Almeida, Dimitri ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905538966     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203123621     Document Type: Book

References (531)

1. Abse, T.(1994)‘Italy: A new agenda’, in P. Anderson and P. Camiller (eds) Mapping the West European Left, London: Verso: 189–232.
2. Adams, J.(2001)Party Competition and Responsible Party Government: A theory of spatial competition based upon insights from behavioral voting research, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
3. Adams, J., Clark, M., Ezrow, L. and Glasgow, G.(2004)‘Understanding change and stability in party ideologies: Do parties respond to public opinion or to past electionresults?’, British Journal of Political Science34(4): 589–610.
4. Ágh, A.(1998)‘The end of the beginning: The partial consolidation of East Central European parties and party systems’, in P. Pennings and J.-E. Lane (eds) Comparing Party System Change, London: Routledge: 202–16.
5. Albright, J.J.(2010)‘The multidimensional nature of party competition’, Party Politics10(6): 699–719.
6. Aldrich, J.(1983)‘A Downsian spatial model with party activists’, American Political Science Review77(4): 974–90.
7. Andeweg, R.(1995)‘The reshaping of national party systems’, West European Politics18(3): 58–78.
8. Aspinwall, M.(2000)‘Structuring Europe: Powersharing institutions and British preferences on European integration’, Political Studies48(3): 415–42.
9. Attina F.(1990)‘The voting behaviour of the European Parliament members and the problem of the Europarties’, European Journal of Political Research18(5): 557–79.
10. Aust, A.(2003)‘Von “Skeptikern” zu “Musterschülern”?Die Europäisierung der Sozialdemokratie’, Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft32(3): 255–69.
11. Aylott, N.(1997)‘Between Europe and unity: The case of the Swedish Social Democrats’, West European Politics20(2): 119–36.
12. Aylott, N.(1999)Swedish Social Democracy and European Integration: The people’s home on the market. Aldershot: Ashgate.
13. Aylott, N.(2001)‘The Swedish Social Democratic Party’, in T. Notermans (ed.)Social Democracy and Monetary Union, Oxford: Berghahn Books: 149–74.
14. Aylott, N.(2002)‘Let’s discuss this later: Party responses to Euro-division in Scandinavia’, Party Politics8(4): 441–61.
15. Aylott, N.(2008)‘Softer but strong: Euroscepticism and party politics in Sweden’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politicsof Euroscepticism. Vol. 1: Case studies and country surveys, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 181–200.
16. Bäck, H. (2008) ‘Intra-party politics and coalition formation: Evidence from Swedish local government’, Party Politics 14(1): 71–89.
17. Baker, D. and Sherrington, P.(2005)‘Britain and Europe: The dog that didn’t bark’, Parliamentary Affairs58(2): 303–17.
18. Bale, T. and Szczerbiak, A.(2008)‘Why is there no Christian democracy in Poland – and why should we care?’, Party Politics14(4): 479–500.
19. Bale, T., Hanley, S. and Szczerbiak, A.(2010)‘“May contain nuts”? The reality behind the rhetoric surrounding the British Conservatives’ new group in the European Parliament’, Political Quarterly81(1): 85–98.
20. Balfour, S.(2005)‘The reinvention of Spanish conservativism: The Popular Party since 1989’, in S. Balfour (ed.)The Politics of Contemporary Spain, London: Routledge: 146–68.
21. Bardi, L.(1994)‘Transnational party federations, European parliamentary groups and the building of Europarties’, in R.S. Katz and P. Mair (eds) How Parties Organize: Change and adaptation in party organizations in Western democracies, London: Sage: 357–72.
22. Bardi, L.(2002)‘Italian parties: Change and functionality’, in P.D. Webb, D.M. Farrell and I. Holliday (eds) Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 46–76.
23. Bartolini, S.(1999)‘Collusion, competition and democracy: Part I’, Journal of Theoretical Politics11(4): 435–70.
24. Bartolini, S.(2000)The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860–1980: The class cleavage, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Bartolini, S.(2005)Restructuring Europe: Centre formation, system building and political structuring between the nation-state and the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Bartolini, S. and Mair, P.(1990)Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: The stabilisation of European electorates1885–1985, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Batory, A.(2008)‘Euroscepticism in the Hungarian party system: Voices from the wilderness?’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 1: Case studies and country surveys, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 263–76.
28. Baudouin, J. (1994) ‘L’idéologie communiste entre régulation et érosion’, in P. Bréchon(ed.) Le discours politique en France: évolution des idées partisanes, Paris: La documentation française, 97–113.
29. Beichelt, T.(2004)‘Euro-skepticism in EU accession countries’, Comparative European Politics2(1): 29–50.
30. Bell, D.S.(1996)‘Western communist parties and the European Union’, in J. Gaffney (ed.)Political Parties and the European Union, London: Routledge: 220–34.
31. Bell, D.S.(1998)‘The Confederal Group of the United European Left – Nordic Left’, in D.S. Bell and C. Lord (eds) Transnational Parties in the European Union, Aldershot: Ashgate: 134–50.
32. Benedetto, G.(2005)‘Rapporteurs as legislative entrepreneurs: The dynamics of the codecision procedure in Europe’s Parliament’, Journal of European Public Policy12(1): 67–88.
33. Benedetto, G. and Quaglia, L.(2007)‘The comparative politics of communist Euroscepticism in France, Italy and Spain’, Party Politics13(4): 478–99.
34. Benoit, K. and Laver, M.(2006)Party Policy in Modern Democracies, London: Routledge.
35. Bergsdorf, H.(2000)Ungleiche Geschwister: Die deutschen Republikaner (REP) im Vergleich zum französischen Front National (FN), Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
36. Berk, R.A.(2003)Regression Analysis: A constructive critique, London: Sage.
37. Berlin, I.(2002)‘Two concepts of liberty’, in H. Hardy (ed.)Liberty: Incorporating four essays on liberty, 2nd edn, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 166–217.
38. Bertinotti, F.(2005)‘15 Thesen für eine alternative europäische Linke’, in M. Brie and C. Hildebrandt (eds) Für ein anderes Europa: Linke Parteien im Aufbruch, Berlin: Karl Dietz Verlag: 151–54.
39. Betz, H.-G.(1993)‘The new politics of resentment: Radical right-wing populist parties in Western Europe’, Comparative Politics25(4): 413–27.
40. Binns, C.A.P.(1978)‘From USE to EEC: The Soviet analysis of European integration under capitalism’, Soviet Studies30(2): 237–61.
41. Birch, S.(2003)‘Two-round electoral systems and democracy’, Comparative Political Studies36(3): 319–44.
42. Black, D.(1958)The Theory of Committees and Elections, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Blair, T.(2004)‘A Progressive Vision for Europe’, Progressive Politics3(3): 44–49.
44. Blair, T. and Schröder, G. (1999, 2003) ‘Europe: The Third Way/Die Neue Mitte’, in A. Chadwick and R. Heffernan (eds) The New Labour Reader, Cambridge: Polity Press: 110–15.
45. Bloco de Esquerda (2005) Programa eleitoral do Bloco de Esquerda: Legislativas 2005. www.bloco.org/media/programa2005.pdf
46. Blyth, M. and Katz, R.S.(2005)‘From catch-all politics to cartelisation: The political economy of the cartel party’, West European Politics28(1): 33–60.
47. Bomberg, E. and Carter, N.(2006)‘The Greens in Brussels: Shaping or shaped?’, European Journal of Political Research45(S1): 99–125.
48. Bosco, A.(2000) Comunisti: Transformazioni di partito in Italia, Spagna e Portogallo, Bologna: Il Mulino.
49. Boucek, F.(2009)‘Rethinking factionalism: Typologies, intra-party dynamics and three faces of factionalism’, Party Politics15(4): 455–85.
50. Bowler, S. and Farrell, D.M.(1995)‘The organizing of the European Parliament: Committees, specialization and co-ordination’, British Journal of Political Science25(2): 219–43.
51. Bozóki, A.(2002)‘The Hungarian Socialists’, in A. Bozóki and J.T. Ishiyama (eds) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, Armonk, NY: M.E. Scharpe: 89–115.
52. Bracke, M. (2002)‘Proletarian internationalism, polycentrism and autonomy: The changing perspectives of the Italian and French Communist Parties in the “long 1960s”’, in M. Bracke and T.E. Jørgensen (eds) West European Communism after Stalinism: Comparative approaches, EUI Working Paper Series No4. Florence: European University Institute.
53. Braun, D., Salzwedel, M., Stumpf, C., and Wüst, A.M.(2004)‘Euromanifesto Documentation’, Mannheim: Arbeitspapiere Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung.
54. Brie, M. and Hildebrandt, C. (eds) (2005)Für ein anderes Europa: Linke Parteien im Aufbruch, Berlin: Karl Dietz Verlag.
55. Brinegar, A.P., Jolly, S.K. and Kitschelt, H.(2004)‘Varieties of capitalism and political divides over European integration’, in G. Marks and M.R. Steenbergen(eds) European Integration and Political Conflict, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 62–92.
56. Broughton, D.(1994)‘The CDU-CSU in Germany: Is there any alternative?’, in D. Hanley (ed.)Christian Democracy in Europe: A comparative perspective, London: Pinter: 101–18.
57. Brzinski, J.B.(1995)‘Political group cohesion in the European Parliament, 1989–94’, in C. Rhodes and S. Mazey (eds) The State of the European Union, Vol. 3: Building a European polity? Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers: 135–58.
58. Budge, I. (1994) ‘Anew spatial theory of party competition: Uncertainty, ideology and policy equilibria viewed comparatively and temporally’, British Journal of Political Science 24(4): 443–67.
59. Budge, I., Robertson, D. and Hearl, D. (eds) (1987)Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial analysis of post-war election programmes in 19 democracies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Budge, I., Klingemann, H.-D., Volkens, A., Bara, J. and Tanenbaum, E. (eds) (2001)Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for parties, electors, and governments 1945–1998, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
61. Bulmer, S.(2008)‘New Labour, new European policy? Blair, Brown and utilitarian supranationalism’, Parliamentary Affairs61(4): 597–620.
62. Burchell, J.(2001)‘Evolving or conforming? Assessing organizational reform within European green parties’, West European Politics24(3): 113–34.
63. Butler, D. and Kitzinger, U.(1976)The 1975 Referendum, London: Macmillan.
64. Capoccia, G.(2002)‘Anti-system parties: A conceptual reassessment’, Journal of Theoretical Politics14(1): 9–35.
65. Carvajal, L.E.O.‘Izquierda Unida: Un dilema imposible’, paper presented at the workshop of the Fundación de Investigaciones Marxistas, Madrid, May 2005.
66. Carvalhas, C. (1985) ‘Speech to the Assembly of the Republic on Portugal’s EC accession’, 11 April 1985, in Diário da Assembleia da República, 12April 1985, 68: 2806–7.
67. Castles, F.G. and Mair, P. (1984) ‘Left-right political scales: Some expert judgements’, European Journal of Political Research 12(1): 73–88.
68. Charalambous, G.(2007)‘The strongest communists in Europe: Accounting for AKEL’s electoral success’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics23(3): 425–56.
69. Chari, R.S., Iltanen, S. and Kritzinger, S.(2004)‘Examining and explaining the Northern League’s ‘U-turn’ from Europe’, Government and Opposition39(3): 423–50.
70. Checkel, J.T.(1999)‘Social construction and integration’, Journal of European Public Policy6(4): 545–60.
71. Couve de Murville, M.(1971)Une politique étrangère (1958–1969), Paris: Plon.
72. Cowles, M.G., Caporaso, J. and Risse, T. (eds) (2001)Transforming Europe: Europeanization and domestic change, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
73. Cunhal, C.A.(1992)The Portuguese Communist Party’s Strategy for Power, 1921–1986, New York, NY: Garland Publishing Inc.
74. Curry, J.L.(2003)‘Poland’s ex-communists: From pariah’s to establishment players’, in J.L. Curry and J.B. Urban (eds) The Left Transformed in Post-Communist Societies, New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield: 19–60.
75. Dakowska, D.(2002)‘Beyond conditionality: EU enlargement, European party federations and the transnational activity of German political foundations’, Perspectives on European Politics and Society3(2): 271–96.
76. Dalton, R.J.(2002)‘Political cleavages, issues, and electoral change’, in L. LeDuc, R.G. Niemi and P. Norris (eds) Comparing Democracies 2: New challenges in the study of elections and voting, 2nd edn, London: Sage: 189–209.
77. Dalton, R.J. and Kuechler, M. (eds) (1990)Challenging the Political Order: New social and political movements in Western democracies, Cambridge: Polity Press.
78. Dalton, R.J. and Wattenberg, M.P. (eds) (2000)Parties without Partisans, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
79. Dalton, R.J., Flanagan, S.C. and Beck, P.A. (eds) (1984)Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or dealignment?, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
80. Daly, M.(2006)‘EU social policy after Lisbon’, Journal of Common Market Studies44(3): 461–81.
81. Daniels, P.(1998)‘From hostility to ‘constructive engagement’: The Europeanisation of the Labour party’, West European Politics21(1): 72–96.
82. De Gaulle, C.(1970a)Discours et messages. Tome III: Avec le renouveau (1958–1962), Paris: Plon.
83. De Gaulle, C.(1970b)Discours et messages. Tome IV: Pour l’effort (1962–1965), Paris: Plon.
84. Deegan-Krause, K.(2003)‘Slovakia’s second transition’, Journal of Democracy14(2): 65–79.
85. Deegan-Krause, K.(2006)Elected Affinities: Democracy and party competition in Slovakia and the Czech Republic, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
86. Deegan-Krause, K. and Enyedi, Z.(2010)‘Agency and the structure of party competition: Alignment, stability and the role of political elites’, West European Politics33(3): 686–710.
87. Democratic Unionist Party (2009) Strong Leadership in Troubles Times: Manifesto 2009. www.dup.org.uk/articles.asp?ArticleNewsID=925
88. Devin, G. (1993) L’Internationale Socialiste: Histoire et sociologie du socialisme international (1945–1990), Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques.
89. Devin, G.(2009)Vorschlag des Bundesausschusses für die ersten 16 Plätze der Bundesliste zur Europawahl. http://die-linke.de/nc/dielinke/nachrichten/detail/archiv/2009/januar/kategorie/nachrichten/zurueck/nachrichten/artikel/vorschlag-des-bundesausschusses-fuer-die-ersten-16-plaetze-der-bundesliste-zur-europawahl/
90. Díez Medrano, J.(2003)Framing Europe: Attitudes to European integration in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
91. Dimitrakopoulos, D.G. (ed.)(2010)Social Democracy and European Integration: The politics of preference formation, London: Routledge.
92. Dimitrakopoulos, D.G. and Passas, A.G.(2010)‘The Panhellenic Socialist Movement and European integration: The primacy of the leader’, in D.G. Dimitrakopoulos (ed.)Social Democracy and European Integration: The politics of preference formation. London: Routledge: 117–56.
93. Dittberner, J.(2005)Die FDP: Geschichte, Personen, Organisation, Perspektiven. Eine Einführung, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
94. Döring, H.(2007)‘The composition of the College of Commissioners: Patterns of delegation’, European Union Politics8(2): 207–28.
95. Dogan, M. and Pelassy, D.(1981)Sociologie politique comparative: Problèmes et perspectives, Paris: Editions Economica.
96. Downs, A.(1957)An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York, NY: Harper.
97. Druckman, J.N.(1996)‘Party factionalism and cabinet durability’, Party Politics2(3): 397–407.
98. Druckman, J.N. and Roberts, A.(2007)‘Communist successor parties and coalition formation in Eastern Europe’, Legislative Studies Quarterly32(1): 5–31.
99. Duclos, J. (1951) ‘Contribution on the debate on the ratification of the treaty establishing the European Coal and Steal Community’, 12 December 1951, in Journal officiel de la République française, 13December 1951: 8894–98.
100. Dunphy, R.(2004)Contesting Capitalism?Left parties and European integration, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
101. Dunphy, R. and Bale, T.(2007)‘Red flag still flying?: Explaining AKEL – Cyprus’s communist anomaly’, Party Politics13(3): 287–304.
102. Duranton-Crabol, A.-M.(1991)L’Europe de l’extrême droite de 1945 nos jours, Brussels: Editions Complexe.
103. Dutoit, B.(1964)L’Union Soviétique face l’intégration européenne, Lausanne: Centre de Recherches Européennes.
104. Duverger, M.(1951)Les Partis politiques, Paris: Colin.
105. Duverger, M.(1984)‘Which is the best electoral system?’, in A. Lijphardt and B. Grofman (eds) Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and alternatives, New York: Praeger Publishers: 31–39.
106. Easton, D.(1965)A Framework for Political Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
107. Elorza, A.(1998)‘Kommunismus in Spanien: Wiederaufleben hinter der Maske’, in P. Moreau, M. Lazar and G. Hirscher (eds) Der Kommunismus in Westeuropa: Niedergang oder Mutation?, Landsberg am Lech: Olzog: 167–82.
108. Elster, J.(1989)Solomonic Judgements: Studies in the limitations of rationality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
109. Enelow, J.M. and Hinich, M.J.(1984)The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
110. Enhedslisten(2004)Enhedslistens principprogram: Kapitalisme og socialisme i det 21. århundrede. www.enhedslisten.dk/files/principprogram.pdf
111. Erhard, L.(1955)‘Wer ist ein guter Europäer?’, Bulletin des Presse-und Informationsamtes der Bundesregierung145: 1221–22.
112. Erhard, L.(1964)‘Ausführungen des Bundeskanzlers Erhard gegenüber dem amerikanischen Botschaftler McGhee, 11. Dezember 1964’, Auswärtiges Amt (ed.) Akten zur Auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1964, Vol. 2, Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag: 1485–92.
113. Ettinger, H.(2005)‘Zur Gründung der Partei der Europäischen Linken’, in M. Brie and C. Hildebrandt (eds) Für ein anderes Europa: Linke Parteien im Aufbruch, Berlin: Karl Dietz Verlag: 134–47.
114. European Liberal Democrats(1976a)Statutes, Brussels: Secretariat of the European Liberal Democratic Reform Party.
115. European Liberal Democrats(1976b)Stuttgart Declaration, Brussels: Secretariat of the European Liberal Democratic Reform Party.
116. European People’s Party(1978)‘Wahlplattform der Europäischen Volkspartei (EVP)’, in H. Geissler (ed.)Europa wählen: Die Europäische Volkspartei stellt sich vor, Bonn: Europa Union Verlag: 34–37.
117. European People’s Party(1992)Basic Programme, adopted by the IXth EPP Congress in Athens. http://europeanpeoplesparty.eu/dbimages/pdf/athene-BASIC_PROGRAM.pdf
118. European People’s Party(2009)“Warsaw Manifesto”– Strong for the people: EPP election document 2009. www.epp-ed.eu/Press/pdoc09/manifestoEPP_en.pdf
119. European People’s Party–European Democrats(2006)Rules of Procedure of the Group of the European People’s Party (Christian-Democrats) and European Democrats in the European Parliament, Brussels: Secretariat of the European People’s Party group.
120. Fabius, L.(2005)‘Interview’, Politis.
121. Featherstone, K.(1988)Socialist Parties and European Integration: A comparative history, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
122. Featherstone, K.(1998)‘“Europeanization” and the centre periphery: The case of Greece in the 1990s’, South European Society and Politics3(1): 23–39.
123. Featherstone, K.(1998)‘The British Labour Party from Kinnock to Blair: Europeanism and Europeanization’, paper presented at the European Community Studies Association’s Biennial International Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, June 1999.
124. Feldmann, M. and Sally, R.(2001)‘From liberalisation to de-liberalisation: Estonian multi-track trade policy since the early 1990s’, Baltic Economic Trends3: 7–14.
125. Fennema, M. and Pollmann, C.(1998)‘Ideology of anti-immigrant parties in the European Parliament’, Acta Politica33(2): 111–38.
126. Ferrara, F. and Weishaupt, T.J.(2004)‘Get your act together: Party performance in European Parliament elections’, European Union Politics5(3): 283–306.
127. Ferrera, M.(1996)‘The “Southern model” of welfare in social Europe’, Journal of European Social Policy6(1): 17–37.
128. Ficker, H.C., Fischer-Dieskau, C. and Krenzler, H.G.(1976)‘Die Zusammenarbeit der liberalen Parteien in Westeuropa: Auf dem Weg zur Föderation’, in W. Wessels (ed.)Zusammenarbeit der Parteien in Westeuropa: Auf dem Weg zu einer neuen politischen Infrastruktur?, Bonn: Europa Union Verlag: 13–89.
129. Fieschi, C., Shields, J. and Woods, R.(1996)‘Extreme right-wing parties and the European Union’, in J. Gaffney (ed.)Political Parties and the European Union, London: Routledge: 235–53.
130. Fini, G.(1998)‘Pourquoi nous avons rompu avec le FN’, Le Monde 26 June.
131. Fisher, S.(2002)‘The troubled evolution of Slovakia’s ex-communists’, in A. Bozóki and J.T. Ishiyama (eds) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, Armonk, NY: M.E. Scharpe: 116–40.
132. Fisher, W.E.(1969)‘An analysis of the Deutsch sociocausal paradigm of political integration’, International Organization23(2): 254–90.
133. Flanagan, S.C.(1987)‘Value change in industrial societies’, American Political Science Review81(4): 1303–19.
134. Flanagan, S.C. and Dalton, R.J.(1984)‘Parties under stress: Realignment and dealignment in advanced industrial societies’, West European Politics7(1): 7–23.
135. Flohr, H.(1968)Parteiprogramme in der Demokratie: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der rationalen Politik, Göttingen: Otto Schwarz.
136. Fogarty, M.P.(1957)Christian Democracy in Western Europe, 1820–1953, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
137. Fowler, B.(2006)‘Concentrated orange: Fidesz and the remaking of the Hungarian centre-right, 1994–2002’, in A. Szczerbiak and S. Hanley (eds) Centre-Right Parties in Post-Communist East-Central Europe, London: Routledge: 80–114.
138. Føllesdal, A.(1998)‘Subsidiarity’, Journal of Political Philosophy6(2): 190–218.
139. Føllesdal, A. and Hix, S.(2006)‘Why there is a democratic deficit in the EU: A response to Majone and Moravcsik’, Journal of Common Market Studies44(3): 533–62.
140. Franklin, M., Marsh, M. and McLaren, L.(1994)‘Uncorking the bottle: Popular opposition to European unification in the wake of Maastricht’, Journal of Common Market Studies32(4): 455–72.
141. Frears, J.(1988)‘Liberalism in France’, in E.J. Kirchner (ed.)Liberal Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 124–50.
142. Front National(2001)Pour un avenir français: Le programme de gouvernement du Front national, Paris: Editions Godefroy de Bouillon.
143. Gabel, M.J.(1998)‘Economic integration and mass politics: Market liberalization and public attitudes in the European Union’, American Journal of Political Science42(3): 936–53.
144. Gabel, M.J. and Huber, J.D.(2000)‘Putting parties in their place: inferring party left-right ideological positions from manifestos data’, American Journal of Political Science44(1): 94–103.
145. Gabel, M.J. and Palmer, H.(1995)‘Understanding variation in public support for European integration’, European Journal of Political Research27(1): 3–19.
146. Gabel, M.J. and Scheve, K.(2007)‘Mixed messages: Party dissent and mass opinion on European integration’, European Union Politics8(1): 37–59.
147. Gallagher, M., Laver, M. and Mair, P.(2001)Representative Government in Modern Europe, Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.
148. Galtung, J.(1967)Theory and Methods of Social Research, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
149. Gauja, A. and Almeida, D. ‘The impact of party organization on patterns of factionalism’, paper presented at the European Consortium of Political Research General Conference, Potsdam, September 2009.
150. Gaxie, D., Hubé, N., Lassalle, M. and Rowell, J. (eds) (2010)L’Europe des européens. Enquêtes comparatives sur les perceptions de l’Europe, Paris: Economica.
151. Gehler, M.(2009)‘Parteipolitik in transnationalen Netzwerken: Ein Vergleich zwischen SPÖ und ÖVP mit einem Ausblick ins 21. Jahrhundert’, in M. Gehler, W. Kaiser and B. Leucht (eds) Netzwerke im europäischen Mehrebenensystem: Von 1945 bis zur Gegenwart, Vienna: Böhlau: 165–84.
152. Gehler, M. and Kaiser, W. (2001) ‘Transnationalism and early European integration: The Nouvelles Equipes Internationales and the Geneva Circle 1947–57’, Historical Journal 44(3): 773–98.
153. Geiger, T.(2008)Atlantiker gegen Gaullisten: Außenpolitischer Konflikt und innerparteilicher Machtkampf in der CDU/CSU1958–1969, Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
154. Gerbet, P.(1997)‘The Fouchet negotiations for political union and the British application’, in G.Wilkes (ed.)Britain’s Failure to Enter the European Community 1961–63: The enlargement negotiations and crises in European, Atlantic and Commonwealth relations, London: Routledge: 135–43.
155. Gerring, J.(2005)‘Causation: A unified framework for the social sciences’, Journal of Theoretical Politics17(2): 163–98.
156. Geyer, R.(1997)The Uncertain Union: British and Norwegian Social Democrats in an integrating Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate.
157. Giddens, A.(1998)The Third Way, Cambridge: Polity Press.
158. Giddens, A.(2000)The Third Way and its Critics, Cambridge: Polity Press.
159. Givens, T.E.(2005)Voting Radical Right in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
160. Gollnisch, B.(2009)Press conference, 10 November 2009. www.frontnational.com/?p=2551
161. Gowland, D., Turner, A. and Wright, A. (2010) Britain and European integration since1945: On the sidelines, London: Routledge.
162. Green-Pedersen, C.(2004)‘Center parties, party competition, and the implosion of party systems: A study of centripetal tendencies in multiparty systems’, Political Studies52(2): 324–41.
163. Grzymała-Busse, A.M.(2002)Redeeming the Communist Past: The regeneration of communist parties in East Central Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
164. Guérot, U.(1996)Die PS und Europa: Eine Untersuchung der europapolitischen Programmatik der französischen Sozialisten1971–1995, Bochum: Brockmeyer.
165. Gwartney, J. and Lawson, R.(2008)Economic Freedom of the World: 2008 annual report. Vancouver: Fraser Institute. www.freetheworld.com/release_2008.html
166. Haahr, J.H.(1993)Looking to Europe: The EC policies of the British Labour Party and the Danish Social Democrats, Aarhus: University Press Aarhus.
167. Haas, E.B.(1958)The Uniting of Europe: Political, social and economical forces, 1950–1957, London: Stevens & Sons.
168. Haas, E.B. and Schmitter, P.C.(1964)‘Economic and differential patterns of political integration: Projections about unity in Latin America’, International Organization18(4): 705–37.
169. Hall, P.A.(1987)‘The evolution of economic policy under Mitterrand’, in G. Ross, S. Hoffmann and S. Malzacher (eds) The Mitterrand Experiment: Continuity and change in modern France, Cambridge: Polity Press: 54–72.
170. Hall, P.A. and Soskice, D.(2001)‘An introduction to varieties of capitalism’, in P.A. Hall and D. Soskice (eds) Varieties of Capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1–70.
171. Hall, P.A. and Taylor, R.C.R.(1996)‘Political science and the three institutionalisms’, Political Studies44(5): 936–57.
172. Hallstein, W.(1979)Europäische Reden, Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
173. Hanley, D.(1986)Keeping Left? Ceres and the French Socialist Party: A contribution to the study of fractionalism in political parties, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
174. Hanley, D.(2002)‘Christian democracy and the paradoxes of Europeanization: Flexibility, competition and collusion’, Party Politics8(4): 463–81.
175. Hanley, S.(2001)‘Towards breakthrough or breakdown? The consolidation of KSCˇM as a neo-communist successor party in the Czech Republic’Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics17(3): 96–116.
176. Hanley, S.(2004)‘From neo-liberalism to national interests: Ideology, strategy, and party development in the Euroscepticism of the Czech right’, East European Politics and Societies18(3): 513–48.
177. Hanley, S.(2006)‘Getting the right right: Redefining the centre-right in post-communist Europe’, in A. Szczerbiak and S. Hanley (eds) Centre-right Parties in Post-communist East-Central Europe, London: Routledge: 9–27.
178. Hansen, M.E.(2008)‘Back to the archives? A critique of the Danish part of the manifesto dataset’, Scandinavian Political Studies31(2): 201–16.
179. Harmsen, R.(2004)‘Euroscepticism in the Netherlands: Stirrings of dissent’, in R. Harmsen and M. Spiering (eds) Euroscepticism: Party politics, national identity and European integration, Amsterdam: Rodopi: 99–126.
180. Harmsen, R.(2005)‘L’Europe et les partis politiques nationaux: Les leçons d’un “non-clivage”’, Revue internationale de politique comparée12(1): 77–94.
181. Hausemer, P.(2006)‘Participation and political competition in committee report allocation: Under what conditions do MEPs represent their constituents?’, European Union Politics7(4): 505–30.
182. Hearl, D.(1988)‘The Luxembourg Liberal Party’, in E.J. Kirchner (ed.)Liberal Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 376–95.
183. Hegeland, H.(2006)Nationell EU-parlamentarism – Riksdagens arbete med EU-frågorna, Stockholm: Santérus Förlag.
184. Heinen, A.(1988)‘Netherlands political parties and pressure groups in the discussion on European union’, in W. Lipgens and W. Loth (eds) Documents on the History of European Integration. Vol. 3: The struggle for European Union by political parties and pressure groups in Western European countries, 1945–1950, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter: 357–440.
185. Hellström, J. (2008a) ‘Partisan responses to Europe: The role of ideology for national political parties’ positions on European integration’, Journal of European Public Policy 15(2): 189–207.
186. Hellström, J.(2008b)‘Who leads, who follows? Re-examining the party-electorate linkages on European integration’, Journal of European Public Policy15(8): 1127–44.
187. Hertner, I.(2011)‘Are European election campaigns Europeanized? The case of the Party of European Socialists in 2009’, Government and Opposition46(3): 321–44.
188. Hinich, M.J. and Ordeshook, P.C.(1970)‘Plurality maximization vs. vote maximization: A spatial analysis with variable participation’, American Political Science Review64(3): 772–91.
189. Hirschman, A.O.(1970)Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations and states, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
190. Hix, S.(1994)‘The study of the European Community: The challenge to comparative politics’, West European Politics17(1): 1–30.
191. Hix, S.(1999)The Political System of the European Union, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
192. Hix, S.(2001)‘Legislative behaviour and party competition in the European Parliament: An application of nominate to the EU’, Journal of Common Market Studies39(4): 663–88.
193. Hix, S.(2002)‘Parties at the European Level’, in P.D. Webb, D.M. Farrell and I. Holliday (eds) Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 280–309.
194. Hix, S.(2007)‘Euroscepticism as anti-centralization: A rational choice institutionalist perspective’, European Union Politics8(1): 131–50.
195. Hix, S.(2008)‘Towards a partisan theory of EU politics’, Journal of European Public Policy15(8): 1254–65.
196. Hix, S. and Goetz, K.(2000)‘Introduction: European integration and national political systems’, West European Politics23(4): 1–26.
197. Hix, S. and Lord, C.(1997)Political Parties in the European Union, London: Macmillan.
198. Hix, S. and Lord, C.(1998)‘A model transnational party? The Party of European Socialists’, in D.S. Bell and C. Lord (eds) Transnational Parties in the European Union, Aldershot: Ashgate: 86–101.
199. Hix, S., Noury, A.G. and Roland, G.(2005)‘Power to the parties: Cohesion and competition in the European Parliament, 1979–2001’, British Journal of Political Science35(2): 209–34.
200. Hix, S., Noury, A.G. and Roland, G.(2007)Democratic Politics in the European Parliament, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
201. Hloušek, V. and Kopecˇek, L.(2010)Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe compared, London: Ashgate.
202. Hoffmann, S. (1984–85) ‘Gaullism by any other name’, Foreign Policy57: 38–57.
203. Hooghe, L.(2002)The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
204. Hooghe, L. and Marks, G.(1999)‘The making of a polity: The struggle over European integration’, in H. Kitschelt, P. Lange, G.Marks and J.D. Stephens (eds) Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 70–97.
205. Hooghe, L. and Marks, G.(2004)‘Does identity or economic rationality drive public opinion on European integration?’, PSOnline: Political Science & Politics37(3): 415–20.
206. Hooghe, L. and Marks, G.(2006)‘The neofunctionalists were (almost) right: Politicization and European integration’, in C. Crouch and W. Streeck (eds) The Diversity of Democracy: A tribute to Philippe C. Schmitter, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 205–22.
207. Hooghe, L. and Marks, G.(2009)‘A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: From permissive consensus to constraining dissensus’, British Journal of Political Science39(1): 1–23.
208. Hooghe, L., Marks, G. and Wilson, C.J.(2002)‘Does left/right structure party positions on European integration?’, Comparative Political Studies35(8): 965–89.
209. Hooghe, L., Bakker, R., Brigevich, A., de Vries, C.E., Edwards, E., Marks, G., Rovny, J., Steenbergen, M. and Vachudova, M.(2010)‘Reliability and validity of the 2002 and 2006 Chapel Hill expert surveys on party positioning’, European Journal of Political Research49(5): 687–703.
210. Hottinger, A.(1977)‘Die Kommunistische Partei Portugals’, in A. Kimmel (ed.)Eurokommunismus: Die kommunistischen Parteien Frankreichs, Italiens, Spaniens und Portugals, Cologne: Böhlau: 248–82.
211. Hough, D.(2005)‘Third ways or new ways? The post-communist left in Central Europe’, Political Quarterly76(2): 253–63.
212. Hrbek, R.(1988)‘Transnational links: The ELD and the liberal party group’, in E.J. Kirchner (ed.)Liberal Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 455–69.
213. Huber, E., Ragin, C. and Stephens, J.D.(1993)‘Social democracy, Christian democracy, constitutional structure, and the welfare state’, American Journal of Sociology99(3): 711–49.
214. Huber, J.D. and Inglehart, R.(1995)‘Expert interpretations of party space and party locations in 42 societies’, Party Politics1(1): 73–111.
215. Hudson, K.(2000)European Communism since 1989: Towards a new European left?, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
216. Hue, R.(1995)Communisme: La mutation. Paris: Stock.
217. Ignazi, P.(1992)‘The silent counter-revolution: Hypotheses on the emergence of extreme right-wing parties in Europe’, European Journal of Political Research22(1): 3–34.
218. Ignazi, P.(1996)‘The crisis of parties and the rise of new political parties’, Party Politics2(4): 549–66.
219. Ignazi, P. and Perrineau, P.(2002)‘The extreme right in the June 1999 European elections’, in P. Perrineau, G. Grunberg and C. Ysmal (eds) Europe at the Polls: The European elections of1999, New York: Palgrave: 161–78.
220. Inglehart, R.(1970)‘Public opinion and regional integration’, International Organization24(4): 764–95.
221. Inglehart, R.(1971)‘The silent revolution in Europe: Intergenerational change in post-industrial societies’, American Political Science Review65(4): 991–1017.
222. Inglehart, R.(1977)The Silent Revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
223. Inglehart, R.(1984)‘The changing structure of political cleavages in Western society’, in R.J. Dalton, S.C. Flanagan and P.A. Beck (eds) Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or dealignment?, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 25–69.
224. Inglehart, R. and Klingemann, H.-D. (1976) ‘Party identification, ideological preference, and the left-right dimension among Western mass publics’, in I. Budge, I. Crewe and D. Farlie (eds) Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of voting and party competition, London: John Wiley, 243–73.
225. Innes, A.(2002)‘Party competition in postcommunist Europe: The great electoral lottery’, Comparative Politics35(1): 85–104.
226. Irving, R.E.M.(1976)‘Italy’s Christian Democrats and European integration’, International Affairs52(3): 400–416.
227. Irving, R.E.M.(1977)‘The European policy of the French and Italian communists’, International Affairs53(3): 405–21.
228. Irving, R.E.M.(1979)The Christian Democratic Parties of Western Europe, London: George Allen & Unwin.
229. Ishiyama, J.T. and Bozóki, A.(2002)‘An unfinished story: Towards explaining the transformation of the communist successor parties’, in A. Bozóki and J.T. Ishiyama (eds) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, Armonk, NY: M.E. Scharpe: 421–34.
230. Ivaldi, G.(2006)‘Beyond France’s 2005 referendum on the European Constitutional Treaty: Second-order model, anti-establishment attitudes and the end of the alternative European utopia’, West European Politics29(1): 47–69.
231. Janda, K., Harmel, R., Edens, C. and Goff, P.(1995)‘Changes in party identity: Evidence from party manifestos’, Party Politics1(1): 171–96.
232. Jansen, T.(1998)The European People’s Party: Origins and development, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
233. Jansen, T. and van Hecke, S.(2011)At Europe’s Service: the origins and evolution of the European People’s Party, Heidelberg: Springer.
234. Janušauskiené, D.(2002)‘The metamorphosis of the Communist Party of Lithuania’, in A. Bozóki and J.T. Ishiyama (eds) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, Armonk, NY: M.E. Scharpe: 224–39.
235. Jaschke, H.-G.(1994)Die ‘Republikaner’: Profile einer Rechtsaußen-Partei, 3rd edn, Bonn: Dietz.
236. Johansson, K.M.(1997)Transnational Party Alliances: Analysing the hard-won alliance between conservatives and Christian democrats in the European Parliament, Lund: Lund University Press.
237. Johansson, K.M.(2002a)‘Party elites in multilevel Europe: The Christian democrats and the Single European Act’, Party Politics8(4): 423–39.
238. Johansson, K.M.(2002b)‘Another road to Maastricht: The Christian democrat coalition and the quest for European union’, Journal of Common Market Studies40(3): 871–93.
239. Johansson, K.M.(2004)‘Toward a theory of federations of political parties in multilevel Europe: At the nexus of international relations and comparative politics’, in P. Delwit, E. Kulahci and C. van de Walle (eds) The Europarties: Organisation and influence, Brussels: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles: 17–43.
240. Johansson, K.M. and Raunio, T.(2001)‘Partisan responses to Europe: Comparing Finnish and Swedish political parties’, European Journal of Political Research39(2): 225–49.
241. Jolly, S.K.(2007)‘The Europhile fringe? Regionalist party support for European integration’, European Union Politics8(1): 109–30.
242. Jospin, L.‘Intervention sur l’avenir de l’Europe élargie’, Paris, 28May 2001. www.ena.lu/europe/union-europeenne/lionel-jospin-avenir-europe-elargie-paris-2001.htm
243. Kaiser, W.(2007)Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
244. Kalogeropoulou, E.(1989)‘Election promises and government performance in Greece: PASOK’s fulfilment of its 1981 election pledges’, European Journal of Political Research17(3): 289–311.
245. Kapetanyannis, B.(1979)‘The making of Greek Eurocommunism’, Political Quarterly50(4): 445–60.
246. Karvonen, L.(1994)‘Christian parties in Scandinavia: Victory over the windmills?’, in D. Hanley (ed.)Christian Democracy in Europe: A comparative perspective, London: Pinter: 121–41.
247. Katz, R.S.(2001)‘Models of democracy: Elite attitudes and the democratic deficit in the European Union’, European Union Politics2(1): 53–79.
248. Katz, R.S. and Mair, P.(1995)‘Changing models of party organization and party democracy: The emergence of the cartel party’, Party Politics1(1): 5–28.
249. Kelstrup, M.(2006)‘Denmark in the process of European integration: Dilemmas, problems and perspectives’, in J.L. Campbell, J.A. Hall and O.K. Pedersen (eds) National Identity and the Varieties of Capitalism: The Danish experience, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press: 375–98.
250. Keman, H.(1988)The Development toward Surplus Welfare: Social democratic politics and policies in advanced capitalist democracies (1965–1984), Amsterdam: CT Press.
251. Key, V.O.(1961)Public Opinion and American Democracy, New York: Knopf.
252. Kimmel, A.(1977)‘Einleitung: Der Eurokommunismus – Realität oder Fiktion?’, in A. Kimmel (ed.)Eurokommunismus: Die kommunistischen Parteien Frankreichs, Italiens, Spaniens und Portugals, Cologne: Böhlau: 1–36.
253. Kirchheimer, O.(1957)‘The waning of opposition in parliamentary regimes’, Social Research24(1): 127–56.
254. Kirchheimer, O.(1966)‘The transformation of theWestern European party systems’, in J. LaPalombara and M. Weiner (eds) Political Parties and Political Development, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 177–200.
255. Kirchner, E.J. and Broughton, D.(1988)‘The FDP in the Federal Republic of Germany: The requirements of survival and success’, in E.J. Kirchner (ed.)Liberal Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 62–92.
256. Kitschelt, H.(1986)‘Political opportunity structures and political protest: Antinuclear movements in four democracies’, British Journal of Political Science16(1): 57–85.
257. Kitschelt, H.(1992)‘The formation of party systems in East Central Europe’, Politics and Society20(1): 7–50.
258. Kitschelt, H.(1995)The Radical Right in Western Europe: A comparative analysis, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
259. Kitschelt, H.(2002)‘Constraints and opportunities in the strategic conduct of post-communist successor parties: Regime legacies as causal argument’, in A. Bozóki and J.T. Ishiyama (eds) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, Armonk, NY: M.E. Scharpe: 14–40.
260. Kleinnijenhuis, J. and Pennings, P.(2001)‘Measurement of party positions on the basis of party programmes, media coverage, and voter perceptions’, in M. Laver (ed.)Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors, London: Routledge: 162–82.
261. Klingemann, H.D. and Volkens, A.(2001)‘Struktur und Entwicklung von Wahlprogrammen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1949–98’, in O.W. Gabriel, O. Niedermayer and R. Stöss (eds) Parteiendemokratie in Deutschland, 2nd edn, Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: 507–27.
262. Klingemann, H.-D., Volkens, A., Bara, J., Budge, I. and McDonald, M.(2006)Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for parties, electors and governments in Central and Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD1990–2003, Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.
263. Kohler, B. and Myrzik, B.(1983)‘Transnational party links’, in R. Morgan and S. Silvestri (eds) Moderates and Conservatives in Western Europe: Political parties, the European Community, and the Atlantic Alliance, London: Heinemann Educational Books: 193–223.
264. Koole, R. and Raap, L.(2005)‘Euroscepsis en de sociaal-democratie in Nederland’, in H. Vollaard and B. Boer (eds) Euroscepsis in Nederland, Utrecht: Lemma: 109–28.
265. Kopecˇek, L. and Pšeja, P.(2008)‘Czech social democracy and its “cohabitation” with the Communist Party: The story of a neglected affair’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies41(3): 317–38.
266. Kopecký, P. and Mudde, C.(2002)‘The two sides of Euroscepticism: Party positions on European integration in East and Central Europe’, European Union Politics3(3): 297–326.
267. Koß, M.(2007)‘Durch die Krise zum Erfolg? Die PDS und ihr langerWeg nachWesten’, in T. Spier, F. Butzlaff, M. Micus and F.Walter. (eds) Die Linkspartei: Zeitgemäße Idee oder Bündnis ohne Zukunft? Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften: 117–53.
268. Krell, C.(2009)Sozialdemokratie und Europa: Die Europapolitik von SPD, Labour Party und Parti Socialiste, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
269. Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S. and Frey, T.(2006)‘Globalization and the transformation of the national political space: six European countries compared’, European Journal of Political Research45(6): 921–56.
270. Küsters, H.J.(1990)‘Der Streit um Kompetenzen und Konzeptionen deutscher Europapolitik’, in L. Herbst, W. Bührer and H. Sowade (eds) Vom Marshallplan zur EWG: Die Eingliederung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in die westliche Welt, Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag: 335–72.
271. Kulahci, E. (2002) ‘Explaining the absence of a genuine European social-democrat consensus: The case of ‘Une stratégie pour la solidarité’, European Integration Online Papers 6(4). http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2002–4a.htm
272. Kuznetsov, E.(2007)‘Inventing and reinventing European defence: from EDC to MLF’, unpublished thesis, European University Institute.
273. L’Humanité(1994)‘Le principe de fonctionnement du PCF: La démocratie’, 30 January.
274. Labour Party(1950)European Unity: A statement by the National Executive Committee of the British Labour Party, London: Labour Party.
275. Labour Party (1983)The New Hope for Britain, London: Labour Party.
276. Labour Party (1997)New Labour because Britain Deserves Better, London: Labour Party.
277. Labour Party (2009)Winning the Fight for Britain’s Future: European elections2009, London: Labour Party.
278. Ladrech, R.(1994)‘Europeanization of domestic politics and institutions: The case of France’, Journal of Common Market Studies32(1): 69–88.
279. Ladrech, R.(2000)Social Democracy and the Challenge of European Union, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
280. Ladrech, R.(2002)‘Europeanization and political parties: Towards a framework for analysis’, Party Politics8(4): 389–403.
281. Lagerspetz, M. and Vogt, H.(2004)‘Estonia’, in S. Berglund, J. Ekman and F.H. Aarebrot (eds) The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 57–94.
282. Lakatos, I.(1970)‘Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes’, in I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave (eds) Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 91–196.
283. Lange, P.(1993)‘Maastricht and the Social Protocol: Why did they do it?’, Politics and Society21(1): 5–36.
284. LaPalombara, J. and Weiner, M.(1966)‘The origin and development of political parties’, in J. LaPalombara and M. Weiner (eds) Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 3–42.
285. Laursen, F.(1994)‘Denmark and the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty’, in F. Laursen and S. Vanhoonacker (eds) The Ratification of the Maastricht Treaty: Issues, debates and future implications, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 61–86.
286. Laver, M.(1989)‘Party competition and party system change: The interaction of coalition bargaining and electoral competition’, Journal of Theoretical Politics1(3): 301–24.
287. Laver, M. and Budge, I. (eds) (1993)Party Policy and Coalition Government in Western Europe, London: Macmillan.
288. Laver, M. and Shepsle, K.A.(1996)Making and Breaking Governments: Cabinets and legislatures in parliamentary democracies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
289. Layton-Henry, Z.(1982)Conservative Politics in Western Europe, London: Macmillan.
290. Le Pen, J.-M.(1985)Pour la France: programme du Front National, Paris: Albatros.
291. Le Pen, J.-M.(1998)‘Discours prononcé lors de la 18ème Fête des Bleu-Blanc-Rouge’, 26 September 1998. www.frontnational.com/doc_interventions_detail.php?id_inter=6
292. Lees, C.(2002)‘“Dark matter”: Institutional constraints and the failure of party-based Euroscepticism in Germany’, Political Studies50(2): 244–67.
293. Lees, C.(2008)‘The political opportunity structure of Euroscepticism’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 2: Comparative and theoretical perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 28–51.
294. Letamendia, P.(1995)Le Mouvement républicain populaire: Le MRP, histoire d’un grand parti français’, Paris: Editions Beauchesne.
295. LiberalDemocrats (2004)Making Europe Work for you: The Liberal Democrat manifesto for the 2004 elections to the European Parliament, London: Liberal Democrats.
296. LiberalDemocrats(2009)Stronger Together, Poorer Apart: The Liberal Democrat manifesto for the 2009 elections to the European Parliament. http://europe.libdems.org.uk/sites/default/files/euromanifesto.pdf
297. Libération(1998)‘Les amis suédois de Le Pen. Le FN finance la campagne du parti “frère” Sverigedemokraterna’, 28 August.
298. Lieberman, E.S.(2005)‘Nested analysis as a mixed-method strategy for comparative research’, American Political Science Review99(3): 435–52.
299. Lijphart, A.(1971)‘Comparative politics and the comparative method’, American Political Science Review65(3): 682–93.
300. Lindberg, L.N. and Scheingold, S.A.(1970)Europe’s Would-be Polity: Patterns of change in the European Community, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
301. Linek, L. and Mansfeldová, Z.(2006)‘The impact of the EU on the Czech party system’, in P.G. Lewis and Z. Mansfeldová (eds) The European Union and Party Politics in Central and Eastern Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan: 20–39.
302. Lipset, S.M.(1985)Consensus and Conflict: Essays in political sociology, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
303. Lipset, S.M. and Rokkan, S.(1967)‘Cleavage structures, party systems and voter alignments: An introduction’, in S.M. Lipset and S. Rokkan (eds) Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-national perspectives, New York: The Free Press: 1–64.
304. Lobo, M.C. and Magalhães, P.C.(2001)‘From “third wave” to “third way”: Europe and the Portuguese socialists (1975–99)’, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans3(1): 25–35.
305. Loth, W.(1988)‘French political parties and pressure groups in the discussion on European union’, in W. Lipgens and W. Loth (eds) Documents on the History of European Integration. Vol. 3: The struggle for European union by political parties and pressure groups in Western European countries, 1945–1950, Berlin: Walter deGruyter: 17–131.
306. McLaren, L.M.(2006)Identity, Interests and Attitudes to European Integration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
307. Maggiorani, M.(1998)L’Europa degli altri: Comunisti italiani e integrazione europea1957–1969, Rome: Carocci.
308. Magone, J.M.(1998)‘The logics of party system change in Southern Europe’, in P. Pennings and J.-E. Lane (eds) Comparing Party System Change, London: Routledge: 217–40.
309. Magone, J.M.(2003)The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration into the European Union, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
310. Mahoney, J.(2001)The Legacies of Liberalism: Path dependence and political regimes in Central America, Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
311. Mair, P.(1997)Party System Change: Approaches and interpretations, New York: Oxford University Press.
312. Mair, P.(2000)‘The limited impact of Europe on national party systems’, West European Politics23(4): 27–51.
313. Mair, P.(2007)‘Political opposition and the European Union’, Government and Opposition42(1): 1–17.
314. Mair, P. and Mudde, C.(1998)‘The party family and its study’, Annual Review of Political Science1: 211–29.
315. Major, J.(1999)John Major: The autobiography, London: HarperCollins.
316. Mamadouh, V. and Raunio, T.(2003)‘The committee system: Powers, appointments and report allocation’, Journal of Common Market Studies41(2): 333–51.
317. Manow, P., Schäfer, A. and Zorn, H.(2008)‘Europe’s party-political centre of gravity, 1957–2003’, Journal of European Public Policy15(1): 20–39.
318. March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P.(1989)Rediscovering Institutions: The organizational basis of politics, New York, NY: The Free Press.
319. March, L. and Mudde, C.(2005)‘What’s left of the radical left? The European radical left after 1989: Decline and mutation’, Comparative European Politics3(1): 23–49.
320. Marcussen, M., Risse, T., Engelmann-Martin, D., Knopf, H.-J. and Roscher, K.(1999)‘Constructing Europe? The evolution of French, British, and German nation-state identities’, Journal of European Public Policy6(4): 614–33.
321. Margulies, R.(1957)‘Speech to the Bundestag on the ratification of the Treaties Establishing the Economic European Community and the European Atomic Energy Community’, Plenarprotokolle, 5 July 1957, in Deutscher Bundestag Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages: Stenografische Berichte, Bonn: Bundestag: 13322–26.
322. Marijnissen, J.(2007)‘Speech at the Congress of the Socialist Left Party of Norway’, 24 March 2007. www.janmarijnissen.nl/2007/03/26/oslo/
323. Marks, G. and Wilson, C.J.(2000)‘The past in the present: A cleavage theory of party response to European integration’, British Journal of Political Science30(3): 433–59.
324. Marks, G., Hooghe, L. and Blank, K.(1996)‘European integration and the state: Multi-level vs. state centric governance’, Journal of Common Market Studies34(3): 341–78.
325. Marks, G., Wilson, C.J. and Ray, L.(2002)‘National political parties and European integration’, American Journal of Political Science46(3): 585–94.
326. Marks, G., Hooghe, L., Nelson, M. and Edwards, E.(2006)‘Party competition and European integration in the East and West: Different structure, same causality’, Comparative Political Studies39(2): 155–75.
327. Marks, G., Hooghe, L., Steenbergen, M.R. and Bakker, R.(2007)‘Crossvalidating data on party positioning on European integration’, Electoral Studies26(1): 23–38.
328. Martens, W.(2006)Mémoires pour mon pays, Brussels: Editions Racine.
329. Masala, C.(2004)‘Born for government: The Democrazia Cristiana in Italy’, in M. Gehler and W. Kaiser (eds) Christian Democracy in Europe since 1945. Vol. 2, London: Routledge: 101–17.
330. Maurras, C.(1900)Enquête sur la Monarchie, Paris: Nouvelle Librairie Nationale.
331. Menger, K.(1960)‘A counterpart of Occam’s razor in pure and applied mathematics: Ontological uses’, Synthese12(4): 415–28.
332. Mény, Y.(1990)Government and Politics in Western Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
333. Meunier, S.(2005)Trading Voices: The European Union in international commercial negotiations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
334. Michels, R.(1911)Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie: Untersuchungen über die oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppenlebens, Leipzig: Klinkhardt.
335. Mikkel, E. and Kasekamp, A.(2008)‘Emerging party-based Euroscepticism in Estonia’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 1: Case studies and country surveys, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 295–313.
336. Millard, F. (2004) Elections, Parties and Representation in Post-Communist Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
337. Minkenberg, M.(2001)‘The radical right in public office: agenda-setting and policy effects’, West European Politics24(4): 1–21.
338. Minkenberg, M.(2009)‘Religion and Euroscepticism: Cleavages, religious parties and churches in EU member states’, West European Politics32(6): 1190–1211.
339. Mitterrand, F.(1976)‘Ma part de vérité’, L’Unité189: 32.
340. Mommer, K.(1957)‘Speech to the Bundestag on the ratification of the Treaties Establishing the Economic European Community and the European Atomic Energy Community’, Plenarprotokolle, 5 July 1957, in Deutscher Bundestag Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages: Stenografische Berichte, Bonn: Bundestag: 13322–26.
341. Moravcsik, A.(1991)‘Negotiating the Single European Act’, in R.O. Keohane and S. Hoffmann (eds) The New European Community: Decisionmaking and institutional change, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
342. Moravcsik, A.(1999)‘“Is something rotten in the state of Denmark?” Constructivism and European integration’, Journal of European Public Policy6(4): 669–81.
343. Morlang, D.(2003)‘Hungary: Socialists building capitalism’, in J.L. Curry and J.B. Urban (eds) The Left Transformed in Post-Communist Societies, New York: Rowman & Littlefield: 61–98.
344. Moulin, G.(1957)‘Le Mouvement ouvrier et le Marché Commun’, Le Drapeau Rouge, 12 April.
345. Moschonas, G. (1994) La social-démocratie de 1945 nos jours; trans. G. Elliot (2002) In the name of social democracy: The great transformation, 1945 to the present, London: Verso.
346. Mouvement Réformateur (2007) Le Programme du Mouvement Réformateur: élections législatives 2007. www.mr.be/media/pdf/programme2007.pdf
347. Movimento Sociale Italiano–DestraNazionale(1994)Il programma della destra di governo: Un grande ruolo per l’Italia nell’Europa, editor and place of publication unknown.
348. Mudde, C.(2004)‘The populist zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition39(4): 542–63.
349. Mudde, C.(2007)Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
350. Müller, W.C.(1988)‘Conservativism and the transformation of the Austrian People’s Party’, in B. Girvin (ed.)The Transformation of Contemporary Conservativism, London: Sage: 98–119.
351. Müller, W.C., Plasser, F. and Ulram, P.A.(1999)‘Schwäche als Vorteil, Stärke als Nachteil: Die Reaktion der Parteien auf den Rückgang der Wählerbindungen in Österreich’, in P. Mair, W.C. Müller and F. Plasser (eds) Parteien auf komplexen Wählermärkten: Reaktionsstrategien politischer Parteien in Westeuropa, Vienna: Signum Verlag: 201–45.
352. Navarro, J.(2009)‘Les rôles au Parlement européen: Une typologie des pratiques de représentation’, Revue française de science politique59(3): 479–506.
353. Navas Amores, J.(1998)‘Oral contribution to the debate of the Commission of Foreign Affairs on the draft organic law authorizing Spain’s ratification of the Amsterdam Treaty’, 23 September 1998, in Cortes Generales Diario de sesiones del Congreso de los diputados, VI legislatura, 514 sesión 39: 14847–48.
354. Nelsen, B.F.(2004)‘The reluctant Europeans: Protestantism, nationalism and European integration’, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, September2004.
355. Nelsen, B.F. and Guth, J.L.‘Roman Catholicism and the founding of Europe: How Catholics shaped the European Communities’, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, August 2003.
356. Neugebauer, G. and Stöss, R.(1996)Die PDS: Geschichte, Organisation, Wähler, Konkurrenten. Opladen: Leske + Budrich.
357. Newell, J.L.(2000)‘Italy: The extreme right comes in from the cold’, Parliamentary Affairs53(3): 469–85.
358. Norris, P.(1997)‘Choosing electoral systems: Proportional, majoritarian and mixed systems’, International Political Science Review18(3): 297–312.
359. Notermans, T. (ed.)(2001)Social Democracy and Monetary Union, Oxford: Berghahn Books.
360. O’Neill, F.(1981)The French Radical Party and European integration, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
361. OECD(1980)Employment and Labour Market Statistics. Population and labour force statistics. http://new.sourceoecd.org/
362. Open Vlaamse Liberalen enDemocraten(2007)Geloven in mensen: De open samenleving in de praktijk. Verkiezingsprogramma federale verkiezingen 10 juni2007. www.openvld.be/file?fle=15366
363. Padgett, S. and Paterson, W.E.(1991)A History of Social Democracy in Postwar Europe, London: Longman.
364. Pagoulatos, G.(2004)‘Believing in national exceptionalism: Ideas and economic divergence in Southern Europe’, West European Politics27(1): 45–70.
365. Panebianco, A.(1982)Modelli di partito: Organizzazione e potere nei partiti politici; trans. M. Silver (1988) Political Parties: Organization and power, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
366. PanellinioSosialistikóKínima(1981)Symbólaio me to Laó, Athens: Panellinio Sosialistikó Kínima.
367. Papini, R.(1986)L’Internazionale DC: La cooperazione tra i partiti democratici cristiani dal 1925 al 1985; trans. R. Royal (1997) The Christian Democrat International, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
368. Partei des DemokratischenSozialismus(2003b)Abstimmung über den vom Europäischen Konvent erarbeiteten Verfassungsentwurf: Beschluss des Parteivorstandes vom 7. Juli2003. http://archiv2007.sozialisten.de/partei/parteivorstand/vorstand2003/beschluesse/view_html?zid=12514&bs=41&n=43
369. Partei des DemokratischenSozialismus(2004)Für einen anderen Verfassungsvertrag – Für ein friedliches, soziales und demokratisches Europa: Beschluss des 9. Parteitages der PDS am 30. und 31. Oktober2004. http://archiv2007.sozialisten.de/partei/parteitag/pt0901/view_html?zid=28650&bs=1&n=7
370. Parti CommunisteFrançais(1991)‘Résolution du 27ème Congrès du Parti Communiste Français, 18–22 décembre 1990’, Cahiers du Communisme67(1).
371. Parti CommunisteFrançais(1997)Le programme: 5 axes pour changer de politique, Paris: Parti Communiste Français.
372. Parti CommunisteFrançais(2000)Les textes et les votes du 30ème Congrès du Parti communiste français, Martigues, 23–26 mars2000, Paris: Parti Communiste Français.
373. Parti Socialiste (1981)‘110 propositions pour la France’, Le poing et la rose9: 9–15.
374. Parti Socialiste (1997)Programme du Parti socialiste pour les élections législatives de 1997. Changeons d’avenir, changeons de majorité: Nos engagements pour la France, Paris: Parti Socialiste.
375. Parti Socialiste(2007)Programme du Parti socialiste pour les élections législatives des 10 et 17 juin2007, Paris: Bureau national du Parti socialiste.
376. PartiSocialiste(2009)Donner une nouvelle direction l’Europe: Programme pour les élections européennes, Paris: Parti socialiste.
377. Paterson, W.(1996)‘The German Christian Democrats’, in J. Gaffney (ed.)Political Parties and the European Union, London: Routledge: 53–70.
378. Pedersen, M.N.(1979)‘The dynamics of European party systems: Changing patterns of electoral volatility’, European Journal of Political Research7(1): 1–26.
379. Pelinka, A.(2004)‘Austrian Euroscepticism: The shift from the left to the right’, in R. Harmsen and M. Spiering (eds) Euroscepticism: Party politics, national identity and European integration, Amsterdam: Rodopi: 207–24.
380. Peters, B.G.(2005)‘Institutional Theory in Political Science: the “new institutionalism”’, 2nd edn, London: Continuum.
381. Pettai, V. and Veebel, V.(2005)‘Navigating between policy and populace: Estonia, its accession referendum and the EU Convention’, Politique européenne4(1): 113–35.
382. Philpott, D. and Shah, T.S.(2006)‘Faith, freedom, and federation: The role of religious ideas and institutions in European political convergence’, in T.A. Byrnes and P.J. Katzenstein (eds) Religion in an Expanding Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 34–64.
383. Pierce, R., Valen, H. and Listhaug, O.(1983)‘Referendum voting behavior: The Norwegian and British referenda on membership in the European Community’, American Journal of Political Science27(1): 43–63.
384. Pierson, P.(2003)‘Big, slow-moving, and … invisible: Macrosocial processes in the study of comparative politics’, in J. Mahoney and D. Rueschemeyer (eds) Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 177–207.
385. Pistone, S.(1988) ‘Italian political parties and pressure groups in the discussion on European union’, in W. Lipgens and W. Loth (eds) Documents on the History of European Integration. Vol. 3: The struggle for European Union by political parties and pressure groups in Western European countries, 1945–1950, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter: 132–268.
386. Plassner, F. and Ulram, P.A. (1994) ‘Meinungstrends,Mobilisierung undMotivgrundlagen bei der Volksabstimmung über den EU-Beitritt’, in A. Pelinka (ed.) EU-Referendum: Zur Praxis direkter Demokratie in Österreich, Vienna: Signum Verlag, 87–119.
387. Poguntke, T., Aylott, N., Ladrech, R. and Luther, K.R.(2007)‘The Europeanisation of national party organisations: A conceptual analysis’, European Journal of Political Research46(6): 747–71.
388. Pollack, M.A.(2000)‘A Blairite treaty: Neo-liberalism and regulated capitalism in the Treaty of Amsterdam’, in K. Neunreither and A. Wiener (eds) European Integration after Amsterdam: Institutional dynamics and prospects for democracy, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 266–90.
389. PopeLeoXIII (1891, 1991) Rerum Novarum: Rights and duties of capital and labour, Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
390. PopePiusXI (1931, 1939) Quadragesimo Anno: Encyclical letter on reconstructing the social order, Washington, DC: National Catholic Welfare Conference.
391. Pridham, G.(1974)‘Transnational party groups in the European Parliament’, Journal of Common Market Studies13(2): 266–79.
392. Pridham, G.(1977)Christian Democracy in Western Germany: The CDU/CSU in government and opposition1945–1976, London: Croom Helm.
393. Pridham, G.(2008) ‘European party cooperation and post-communist politics: Euroscepticism in transnational perspective’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 2: Comparative and theoretical perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 76–102.
394. Pridham, G. and Pridham, P. (1981) Transnational Party Cooperation and European Integration, London: George Allen & Unwin.
395. Progressive Democrats(2007)From Good to Great: Continuing Ireland’s radical transformation. General election manifesto2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20090617033905/http://www.progressivedemocrats.ie/uploads/images/Manifesto_2007.pdf
396. Quaglia, L.(2004)‘Italy’s policy towards European monetary integration: Bringing ideas back in?’, Journal of European Public Policy11(6): 1096–1111.
397. Quagliariello, G.(2004)‘La Ced, l’ultima spina di De Gasperi’, Ventunesimo Secolo3(5): 247–86.
398. Rabinowitz, G. and Macdonald, S.E.(1989)‘A directional theory of issue voting’, American Political Science Review83(1): 93–121.
399. Radikale Venstre (2004) Program til Europa-Parlamentsvalg 2004: Det Radikale Venstre – en dansk og international stemme i Europa-Parlamentet!. http://web.archive.org/web/20040803130838/http://www.drv.dk/europa/
400. Raunio, T.(2000)‘Losing independence or finally gaining recognition? Contacts between MEPs and national parties’, Party Politics6(2): 211–23.
401. Raunio, T. and Tiilikainen, T.(2003)Finland in the European Union, London: Frank Cass.
402. Ray, L.(1999)‘Measuring party orientations towards European integration: Results from an expert survey’, European Journal of Political Research36(2): 283–306.
403. Reif, K.(1984)‘National electoral cycles and European elections 1979 and 1984’, Electoral Studies3(3): 244–55.
404. Reif, K.(1997)‘European elections as member state second-order elections revisited’, European Journal of Political Research31(1): 115–24.
405. Reif, K. and Schmitt, H.(1980)‘Nine second-order national elections: A conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results’, European Journal of Political Research8(1): 3–44.
406. Rémond, R.(1982)Les Droites en France, Paris: Aubier.
407. Republikaner(1983)Grundsatzprogramm, Bonn: Die Republikaner.
408. Republikaner(1987)Bundesparteiprogramm, Bonn: Die Republikaner.
409. Republikaner(1990)Parteiprogramm1990, Bonn: Die Republikaner.
410. Republikaner (2002) Bundesparteiprogramm. www.rep.de/upload/CMS/rep.de/Daten/Partei/Parteiprogramm/programm_pdf_neu.pdf
411. Richter, H.A.(1998)‘Die Entwicklung der griechischen Linken 1918–96’in P. Moreau, M. Lazar and G. Hirscher (eds) Der Kommunismus in Westeuropa: Niedergang oder Mutation?, Landsberg am Lech: Olzog: 131–66.
412. Rieben, H., Nathusius, M., Nicod, F. and Camperio-Tixier, C. (eds) (2000)Un changement d’espérance: la Déclaration du 9 mai 1950 Jean Monnet – Robert Schuman, Lausanne: Fondation Jean Monnet pour l’Europe.
413. Riker, W.H.(1977)‘The future of a science of politics’, American Behavioral Scientist21(1): 11–38.
414. Risse, T.(2005)‘Neofunctionalism, European identity, and the puzzles of European integration’, Journal of European Public Policy12(2): 291–309.
415. Rocard, M.(1974)‘Un enjeu commun’, in Assises du socialisme (ed.)Pour le socialisme: Assises du socialisme, Paris, 12–13 octobre1974, Paris: Stock: 39–42.
416. Roemer, J.E.(1994)‘The strategic role of party ideology when voters are uncertain about how the economy works’, American Political Science Review88(2): 327–35.
417. Rose, R. and Mackie, T.T.(1983)‘Incumbency in government: Asset or liability?’, in H. Daalder and P. Mair. (eds) Western European Party Systems: Continuity and change, London: Sage: 115–37.
418. Rosenthal, A.(1974)‘Turnover in state legislatures’, American Journal of Political Science18(3): 609–16.
419. Rozemond, S.(1996)Bolkestein en de Euroscepsis, The Hague: Instituut Clingendael.
420. Ruß, S. and Schmidt, J.(1998)‘Herausforderungen von links und rechts: Wertewandel und Veränderungen in den Parteiensystemen in Deutschland und Frankreich’, in R. Köcher and J. Schild (eds) Wertewandel in Deutschland und Frankreich: Nationale Unterschiede und europäische Gemeinsamkeiten, Opladen: Leske + Budrich: 265–87.
421. Rustow, D.A.(1968)‘Modernization and comparative politics: Prospects in research and theory’, Comparative Politics1(1): 37–51.
422. Rydgren, J.(2005)‘Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family’, European Journal of Political Research44(3): 413–37.
423. Sachs, J. and Wyplosz, C.(1986)‘The economic consequences of President Mitterrand’, Economic Policy1(2): 261–322.
424. Saglie, J.(2000)‘Between opinion leadership and “contract of disagreement”: The Norwegian Labour Party and the European issue (1988–94)’, Scandinavian Political Studies23(2): 93–113.
425. Sánchez-Cuenca, I.(2004)‘Party moderation and politicians’ ideological rigidity’, Party Politics10(3): 325–42.
426. Sandholtz, W. and Zysman, J.(1989)‘1992: Recasting the European bargain’, World Politics42(1): 95–128.
427. Sargent, L.T.(1972)Contemporary Political Ideologies: A comparative analysis, Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
428. Sartori, G.(1969)‘From the sociology of politics to political sociology’, in S.M. Lipset (ed.)Politics and the Social Sciences, New York: Oxford University Press: 65–100.
429. Sartori, G.(1976)Parties and Party Systems: A framework for analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
430. Sartori, G.(1991)‘Comparing and miscomparing’, Journal of Theoretical Politics3(3): 243–57.
431. Sassoon, D.(1981)The Strategy of the Italian Communist Party: From the Resistance to the Historic Compromise, London: Frances Pinter.
432. Sassoon, D.(1996)One Hundred Years of Socialism: The West European left in the twentieth century, London: I.B. Tauris.
433. Sbragia, A.M.(1992)‘Introduction’, in A.M. Sbragia (ed.)Euro-politics: Institutions and policymaking in the new European Community, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press: 1–22.
434. Schäfer, A.(2006)‘A new form of governance? Comparing the open method of co-ordination to multilateral surveillance by the IMF and the OECD’, Journal of European Public Policy13(1): 70–88.
435. Scharpf, F.W.(1996)‘Negative and positive integration in the political economy of European welfare states’, in G. Marks, F.W. Scharpf, P.C. Schmitter and W. Streeck (eds) Governance in the European Union, London: Sage: 15–39.
436. Scharpf, F.W.(1997)Games Real Actors Play: Actor-centered institutionalism in policy research, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
437. Scharpf, F.W.(1999)Governing in Europe: Effective and democratic?, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
438. Scharpf, F.W.(2002)‘The European social model: Coping with the challenges of diversity’, Journal of Common Market Studies40(4): 645–70.
439. Schattschneider, E.E.(1942)Party Government, New York: Rinehart and Winston.
440. Schattschneider, E.E.(1957)‘Intensity, visibility, direction and scope’, American Political Science Review51(4): 933–42.
441. Schattschneider, E.E.(1960)The Semi-Sovereign People: A realist’s view of democracy in America, New York: Rinehart and Winston.
442. Schedler, A.(1996)‘Anti-political-establishment parties’, Party Politics2(3): 291–312.
443. Schlesinger, J.A.(1975)‘The primary goals of political parties: A clarification of positive theory’, American Political Science Review69(3): 840–49.
444. Schmitt, H.(2005)‘The European Parliament elections of June 2004: Still second-order?’, West European Politics28(3): 650–79.
445. Schmitt, H. and Thomassen, J. (eds) (1999)Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
446. Schumpeter, J.A. (1942, 2006) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: Routledge.
447. Schymik, C.(2009)‘Anti-EU movements and Nordic cooperation’, in N. Götz and H. Haggrén (eds) Regional Cooperation and International Organizations: The Nordic model in transnational alignment, London: Routledge: 201–15.
448. Scully, R.(2005)Becoming Europeans? Attitudes, behaviour, and socialization in the European Parliament, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
449. Seiler, D.-L.(1980)Partis et familles politiques, Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
450. Sikk, A.(2005)‘How unstable? Volatility and the genuinely new parties in Eastern Europe’, European Journal of Political Research44(3): 391–412.
451. Silvestri, S.(1983)‘Introduction: The challenge to the Euro-moderates’, in R.Morgan and S. Silvestri (eds) Moderates and Conservatives in Western Europe: Political parties, the European Community, and the Atlantic Alliance, London: Heinemann Educational Books: 1–13.
452. Sitter, N.(2001)‘The politics of opposition and European integration in Scandinavia: Is Euro-scepticism a government-opposition dynamic?’, West European Politics24(4): 22–39.
453. Sitter, N.(2002)‘Cleavages, party strategy and party system change in Europe, East and West’, Perspectives on European Politics and Society3(3): 425–61.
454. Sitter, N. (2003) ‘Euro-scepticism as party strategy: Persistence and change in party-based opposition to European integration’, Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 32(3): 239–53.
455. Sitter, N. and Batory, A.(2008)‘Protectionism, populism, or participation? Agrarian parties and the European question in Western and East Central Europe’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 2: Comparative and theoretical perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 52–75.
456. Sjöblom, G. (1968) Party Strategies in a Multiparty System, Lund: Studentlitteratur.
457. Slovenska Nacionalna Stranka (2008) Aktualizirana programska izhodišcˇa Slovenske nacionalne stranke pred volitvami v DZ RS 2008. www.sns.si/media/volitve/
458. Slovenská Národná Strana (2010) Volebný program 2010. www.sns.sk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Volebny_program_20101.pdf
459. Smith, G.(1988)‘Between left and right: The ambivalence of European liberalism’, in E.J. Kirchner (ed.)Liberal Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 16–28.
460. Smith, G.(1989)‘Core persistence: change and the “people’s party”’, West European Politics12(4): 157–68.
461. Socialdemokraterne(2009)Socialdemokraternes valgprogram Europa-Parlamentsvalget2009, Frederiksberg: Socialdemokraterne.
462. Socialdemokratiet(1971)Socialdemokratiets 4-års program: Politik er at handle efter en fornuftig plan, Frederiksberg: Socialdemokratisk Forbund.
463. Sozialdemokratische ParteiDeutschlands(1959)Grundsatzprogramm der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands, Bonn: SPD.
464. Sozialdemokratische ParteiÖsterreichs(2009)Wahlmanifest: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament2009, Vienna: SPÖ-Bundesparteirat.
465. Spier, T. and Wirries, C.(2007)‘Ausnahmeerscheinung oder Normalität? Linksparteien in Westeuropa’, in T. Spier, F. Butzlaff, M. Micus and F. Walter (eds) Die Linkspartei: Zeitgemäße Idee oder Bündnis ohne Zukunft?, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften: 71–116.
466. Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (2003) Toelichting op het program van beginselen van de Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij. www.sgp.nl/Media/download/5257/Toelichting%20Pr.v.B.pdf
467. Stanishev, S.(2008)Zaštoto sme socialisti, Sofia: Izdatelska kušta Duma.
468. Stasse, F.(2005)‘1983: Affronter la crise’, Lettre de l’Institut François Mitterrand11: 30–33.
469. Steed, M. and Humphreys, P.(1988)‘Identifying liberal parties’, in E.J. Kirchner (ed.)Liberal Parties in Western Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 396–435.
470. Steenbergen, M.R. and Marks, G.(2007)‘Evaluating expert judgments’, European Journal of Political Research46(3): 347–66.
471. Steenbergen, M.R, Edwards, E.E. and de Vries, C.E.(2007)‘Who’s cueing whom? Mass-elite linkages and the future of European integration’, European Union Politics8(1): 13–35.
472. Stöss, R.(2001)‘Zur Vernetzung der extremen Rechten in Europa’, Arbeitshefte aus dem Otto-Stammer-Zentrum5: 1–34.
473. Strauss-Kahn, D.(2004)‘What is a just society? For a radical reformism’, Policy Network (ed.) Where now for European Social Democracy?, London: Policy Network: 11–22.
474. Strøm, K.(1985)‘Party goals and government performance in parliamentary democracies’, American Political Science Review79(3): 738–54.
475. Strøm, K.(1990)‘A behavioral theory of competitive political parties’, American Journal of Political Science34(2): 565–98.
476. Strøm, K. and Müller, W.C.(1999)‘Political parties and hard choices’, in W.C. Müller and K. Strøm (eds) How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1–35.
477. Sweeney, J.P.(1984)‘The left in Europe’s Parliament: The problematic effects of integration theory’, Comparative Politics16(2): 171–90.
478. Synaspismós(1998)Extract of the Resolution of SYN’s Special Congress, April3–5. www.syn.gr/en/kpe/diarkes9804.htm
479. Szczerbiak, A.(2008)‘The birth of a bipolar party system or a referendum on a polarizing government? The October 2007 Polish parliamentary election’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics24(3): 415–43.
480. Szczerbiak, A. and Taggart, P.(2003)‘Theorising party-based Euroscepticism: Problems of definition, measurement and causality’, Sussex European InstituteWorking Paper69. www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/documents/epern-working-paper-12.pdf
481. Szczerbiak, A. and Taggart, P.(2008)‘Introduction: Researching Euroscepticism in European party systems: A comparative and theoretical research agenda’, in A. Szczerbiak and P. Taggart (eds) Opposing Europe? The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Vol. 2: Comparative and theoretical perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1–27.
482. Taggart, P. (1998) ‘A touchstone of dissent: Euroscepticism in contemporary Western European party systems’, European Journal of Political Research 33(3): 363–88.
483. Taggart, P. and Szczerbiak, A.(2004)‘Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe’, European Journal of Political Research43(1): 1–27.
484. Tavits, M.(2007)‘Principle vs. pragmatism: Policy shifts and political competition’, American Journal of Political Science51(1): 151–65.
485. Tavits, M. and Letki, N.(2009)‘When left is right: Party ideology and policy in postcommunist Europe’, American Political Science Review103(4): 555–69.
486. Teasdale, A.L.(1993)‘Subsidiarity in post-Maastricht Europe’, Political Quarterly64(2): 187–97.
487. Thatcher, M.(1989)‘Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, Brighton, 14 October 1988’, in A.B. Cooke (ed.)The Revival of Britain: Speeches on home and European affairs, 1975–1988, London: Aurum Press: 267–70.
488. Thelen, K.(1999)‘Historical institutionalism in comparative politics’, Annual Review of Political Science2: 369–404.
489. Thorez, M.(1950)‘Discours sur les dangers du plan Schuman’, L’Humanité 24 June.
490. Timmermann, H. (1974) ‘Die Brüsseler Konferenz Westeuropäischer Kommunistischer Parteien vom 16.-28. Januar 1974’, Berichte des Bundesinstituts für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien 10. Cologne: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien.
491. Tinbergen, J.(1954)International Economic Integration, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
492. Tindemans, L.(1976)‘European union: Report by Mr Leo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium, to the European Council’, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement (1/76).
493. Tindemans, L. (2006) Interview with Leo Tindemans: The Tindemans Report, Brussels. http://www.ena.lu/interview_leo_tindemans_tindemans_report_brussels_24_february_2006–022500339.html
494. Togliatti, P.(1965)Opere scelte, Rome: Editori Riuniti.
495. Tsakalotos, E.(1998)‘The political economy of social democratic economic policies: The PASOK experiment in Greece’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy14(1): 114–38.
496. Tsoukalis, L.(1997)The New European Economy Revisited, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
497. Tsoukalis, L.(2003)What Kind of Europe?, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
498. Türk, H.(2006)Die Europapolitik der Großen Koalition1966–1969, München: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
499. Vachudova, M.A.(2008)‘Centre – right parties and political outcomes in East Central Europe’, Party Politics14(4): 387–405.
500. Vachudova, M.A. and Hooghe, L.(2009)‘Postcommunist politics in a magnetic field: How transition and EU accession structure party competition on European integration’, Comparative European Politics7(2): 179–212.
501. Vadim Tudor, C. (2007) Comunicat de Presa˘ 6 noiembrie2007. www.prm.org.ro/index.php?option=com_content&task=category§ionid=13&id=23&Itemid=178
502. Van der Brug, W. and van Spanje, J.(2009)‘Immigration, Europe and the “new” cultural dimension’, European Journal of Political Research48(3): 309–34.
503. Van der Eijk, C. and Franklin, M.N.(1996)Choosing Europe?The European electorate and national politics in the face of the Union, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
504. Van der Eijk, C. and Franklin, M.N.(2004)‘Potential for contestation on European matters at national elections in Europe’, in G. Marks and M.N. Steenbergen(eds) European Integration and Political Conflict, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 32–50.
505. Van Hecke, S.(2006)‘On the road towards transnational parties in Europe: Why and how the European People’s Party was founded’, European View3(1): 153–60.
506. Van Kersbergen, K.(1994)‘The distinctiveness of Christian democracy’, in D. Hanley (ed.)Christian Democracy in Europe: A comparative perspective, London: Pinter: 31–47.
507. Vannicelli, P.(1974)Italy, NATO and the European Community, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
508. Vasemmistoliitto (2007) Periaateohjelma 2007 Vasemmiston tie oikeudenmukaiseen maailmaan. www.vasemmisto.fi/images/ohjelmat/Periaateohjelma.pdf
509. Vänsterpartiet (2008) Sammanfattning av partiprogram antaget av Vänsterpartiets. www.vansterpartiet.se/images/stories/media/dokument/sammanfattning-partiprogram.pdf
510. Vänsterpartiet(2010)Trygghet och frihet är viktigt för oss. Det här är Vänsterpartiets valplattform för år2010, Stockholm: Vänsterpartiets Informationsavdelning.
511. Veen, H.-J.(1983)Christlich-demokratische und konservative Parteien in Westeuropa, Paderborn: Schöningh.
512. Veen, H.-J.(1997)‘Rechtsextremistische und rechtspopulistische Parteien in Europa (EU) und im Europaparlament’, in Der Bundesminister des Innern (ed.)Texte zur Inneren Sicherheit. Vol. 1, Bonn: Bundesministerium des Innern: 63–79.
513. Verney, S.(1996)‘The Greek socialists’, in J. Gaffney (ed.)Political Parties and the European Union, London: Routledge: 170–90.
514. Visser, J.(2009)‘Database on institutional characteristics of trade unions, wage setting, state intervention and social pacts in 34 countries between 1960 and 2007’, Amsterdam: Institute for Advanced Labour Studies. www.uva-aias.net/207
515. Vlaamse Liberalen enDemocraten(2001)Verklaring van Laken: Europacongres, 9 juni 2001. www.openvld.be/library/1/files/42_verklaring_van_laken_2001.pdf
516. Vobolevicˇius, V.(2009)‘The left or the right? The political logic behind the economic policies of the communist successor parties in Central Europe’, Baltic Journal of Law & Politics2(2): 139–64.
517. Voerman, G.(1993)‘Premature Perestroika: The Dutch Communist Party and Gorbatchev’, in D.S. Bell (ed.)Western European Communists and the Collapse of Communism. Oxford: Berg: 157–71.
518. Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (2007) Standpunten: Europa. www.vvd.nl/index.aspx?FilterId=974&ChapterId=1148&ContentId=6702
519. Von Beyme, K.(1982)Parteien in westlichen Demokratien, Munich: R. Piper & Co. Verlag.
520. Von Livonius, T.(2002)‘Die ideologische Entwicklung der FPÖ unter Jörg Haider’, unpublished thesis, University of Munich.
521. Wagemans, M.(2001)‘De linkse variant van het liberalisme in hedendaags Europa: Een identificatie en evaluatie’, in S. Gatz and P. Stouthuysen (eds) Een Vierde Weg? Een links-liberalisme als traditie en als oriëntatiepunt, Brussels: VUBUniversity Press: 105–35.
522. Wehner, H.(1960)‘Speech to the Bundestag’, Plenarprotokolle, 30 June 1960, in Deutscher Bundestag Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages: Stenographische Berichte, Bonn: Deutscher Bundestag: 7052–61.
523. Wessels, W.(1998)‘Flexibility, differentiation and closer cooperation: The Amsterdam provisions in the light of the Tindemans Report’, in M. Westlake (ed.)The European Union beyond Amsterdam: New concepts of European integration, London: Routledge: 68–87.
524. Whitaker, R.(2001)‘Party control in a committee-based legislature? The case of the European Parliament’, Journal of Legislative Studies7(4): 63–88.
525. Widfeldt, A.(2004)‘Elite collusion and public defiance: Sweden’s Euro referendum in 2003’, West European Politics27(3): 503–17.
526. Wielgoß, T.(2002)PS und SPD im europäischen Integrationsprozess: Vergleich der Europapositionen und Analyse der Interaktionsstrukturen der französischen und deutschen Sozialdemokraten 1989 bis2001, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
527. Wildgen, J.K. and Feld, W.J.(1976)‘Evaluative and cognitive factors in the prediction of European integration’, Comparative Political Studies9(3): 309–34.
528. Wittman, D.A.(1973)‘Parties as utility maximizers’, American Political Science Review67(2): 490–98.
529. Wonka, A.(2007)‘Technocratic and independent? The appointment of European commissioners and its policy implications’, Journal of European Public Policy14(2): 169–89.
530. Ziblatt, D.F.(1998)‘The adaptation of ex-communist parties to post-communist East Central Europe: A comparative study of the EastGerman and Hungarian ex-communist parties’, Communist and Post Communist Studies31(2): 119–37.
531. Zolleis, U.(2008)Die CDU: Das politische Leitbild im Wandel der Zeit, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.