메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue AUG, 2014, Pages

Astrocytic modulation of blood brain barrier: Perspectives on Parkinson's disease

Author keywords

Astrocytes; BBB; Endothelial cells; Parkinson disease; Reactive astrogliosis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NESTIN; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN; TENASCIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VASCULOTROPIN; VIMENTIN;

EID: 84905447142     PISSN: 16625102     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00211     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (341)

References (143)
  • 1
    • 29244463365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier
    • doi: 10. 1038/nrn1824
    • Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., and Hansson, E. (2006). Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7, 41-53. doi: 10. 1038/nrn1824
    • (2006) Nat Rev. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 41-53
    • Abbott, N.J.1    Rönnbäck, L.2    Hansson, E.3
  • 2
    • 33645222277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of growth hormone and insulin-like growthfactor-I related to neuroprotection, regeneration and functional plasticity in the adult brain
    • doi: 10. 1100/tsw. 2006. 22
    • Aberg, N. D., Brywe, K. G., and Isgaard, J. (2006). Aspects of growth hormone and insulin-like growthfactor-I related to neuroprotection, regeneration and functional plasticity in the adult brain. Sci. World J. 6, 53-80. doi: 10. 1100/tsw. 2006. 22
    • (2006) Sci. World J. , vol.6 , pp. 53-80
    • Aberg, N.D.1    Brywe, K.G.2    Isgaard, J.3
  • 3
    • 84863338224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection from stroke in the absence of MHCI or PirB
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neuron. 2012. 01. 020
    • Adelson, J. D., Barreto, G. E., Xu, L., Kim, T., Brott, B. K., and Ouyang, Y. B. (2012). Neuroprotection from stroke in the absence of MHCI or PirB. Neuron 73, 1100-1107. doi: 10. 1016/j. neuron. 2012. 01. 020
    • (2012) Neuron , vol.73 , pp. 1100-1107
    • Adelson, J.D.1    Barreto, G.E.2    Xu, L.3    Kim, T.4    Brott, B.K.5    Ouyang, Y.B.6
  • 4
    • 0032752658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of cerebral glutathione in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity in rat
    • doi: 10. 1023/A:1021191729865
    • Agarwal, R., and Shukla, G. S. (1999). Potential role of cerebral glutathione in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity in rat. Neurochem. Res. 24, 1507-1514. doi: 10. 1023/A:1021191729865
    • (1999) Neurochem. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1507-1514
    • Agarwal, R.1    Shukla, G.S.2
  • 5
    • 84875224517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDNF, NGF, and BDNF as therapeutic options for neurodegeneration
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. pharmthera. 2013. 01. 004
    • Allen, S. J., Watson, J. J., Shoemark, D. K., Barua, N. U., and Patel, N. K. (2013). GDNF, NGF, and BDNF as therapeutic options for neurodegeneration. Pharmacol. Ther. 138, 155-175. doi: 10. 1016/j. pharmthera. 2013. 01. 004
    • (2013) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.138 , pp. 155-175
    • Allen, S.J.1    Watson, J.J.2    Shoemark, D.K.3    Barua, N.U.4    Patel, N.K.5
  • 6
    • 84886641249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial influence on the blood brain barrier
    • doi: 10. 1002/glia. 22575
    • Alvarez, J. I., Katayama, T., and Prat, A. (2013). Glial influence on the blood brain barrier. Glia 61, 1939-1958. doi: 10. 1002/glia. 22575
    • (2013) Glia , vol.61 , pp. 1939-1958
    • Alvarez, J.I.1    Katayama, T.2    Prat, A.3
  • 7
    • 0033779559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte glutamate transport: Review of properties, regulation and physiological functions
    • doi: 10. 1002/1098-1136(200010)32:1<1::aid-glia10>3. 3. co;2-n
    • Anderson, C. M., and Swanson, R. A. (2000). Astrocyte glutamate transport: review of properties, regulation and physiological functions. Glia 32, 1-14. doi: 10. 1002/1098-1136(200010)32:1<1::aid-glia10>3. 3. co;2-n
    • (2000) Glia , vol.32 , pp. 1-14
    • Anderson, C.M.1    Swanson, R.A.2
  • 8
    • 84946916611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metalloproteinase 9 contributes toinflammatory glia activation and nigro-striatal pathway degeneration in both mouse and monkey models of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00429-014-0718-8. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Annese, V., Herrero, M. T., Di Pentima, M., Gomez, A., Lombardi, L., Ros, C. M., et al. (2014). Metalloproteinase 9 contributes toinflammatory glia activation and nigro-striatal pathway degeneration in both mouse and monkey models of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism. Brain Struct. Funct. doi: 10. 1007/s00429-014-0718-8. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2014) Brain Struct. Funct.
    • Annese, V.1    Herrero, M.T.2    Di Pentima, M.3    Gomez, A.4    Lombardi, L.5    Ros, C.M.6
  • 9
    • 78649467527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier
    • doi: 10. 1038/nature09522
    • Armulik, A., Genové, G., Mäe, M., Nisancioglu, M. H., Wallgard, E., Niaudet, C., et al. (2010). Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier. Nature 468, 557-561. doi: 10. 1038/nature09522
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 557-561
    • Armulik, A.1    Genové, G.2    Mäe, M.3    Nisancioglu, M.H.4    Wallgard, E.5    Niaudet, C.6
  • 10
    • 1542317747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte mitochondrial mechanisms of ischemic brain injury and neuroprotection
    • doi: 10. 1023/b:nere. 0000014830. 06376. e6
    • Bambrick, L., Kristian, T., and Fiskum, G. (2004). Astrocyte mitochondrial mechanisms of ischemic brain injury and neuroprotection. Neurochem. Res. 29, 601-608. doi: 10. 1023/b:nere. 0000014830. 06376. e6
    • (2004) Neurochem. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 601-608
    • Bambrick, L.1    Kristian, T.2    Fiskum, G.3
  • 11
    • 80052361500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic-neuronal crosstalk: Implications for neuroprotection from brain injury
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neures. 2011. 06. 004
    • Barreto, G. E., Gonzalez, J., Torres, Y., and Morales, L. (2011). Astrocytic-neuronal crosstalk: implications for neuroprotection from brain injury. Neurosci. Res. 71, 107-113. doi: 10. 1016/j. neures. 2011. 06. 004
    • (2011) Neurosci. Res. , vol.71 , pp. 107-113
    • Barreto, G.E.1    Gonzalez, J.2    Torres, Y.3    Morales, L.4
  • 12
    • 70350322693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective estrogen receptor modulators decrease reactive astrogliosis in the injured brain: Effects of aging and prolonged depletion of ovarian hormones
    • doi: 10. 1210/en. 2009-0352
    • Barreto, G., Santos-Galindo, M., Diz-Chaves, Y., Pernía, O., Carrero, P., Azcoitia, I., et al. (2009). Selective estrogen receptor modulators decrease reactive astrogliosis in the injured brain: effects of aging and prolonged depletion of ovarian hormones. Endocrinology 150, 5010-5015. doi: 10. 1210/en. 2009-0352
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 5010-5015
    • Barreto, G.1    Santos-Galindo, M.2    Diz-Chaves, Y.3    Pernía, O.4    Carrero, P.5    Azcoitia, I.6
  • 13
    • 84867317736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) on evolution of astrocyte activation following stroke in the mouse
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2012. 08. 015
    • Barreto, G. E., White, R. E., Xu, L., Palm, C. J., and Giffard, R. G. (2012). Effects of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) on evolution of astrocyte activation following stroke in the mouse. Exp. Neurol. 238, 284-296. doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2012. 08. 015
    • (2012) Exp. Neurol. , vol.238 , pp. 284-296
    • Barreto, G.E.1    White, R.E.2    Xu, L.3    Palm, C.J.4    Giffard, R.G.5
  • 14
    • 34249994344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone decreases reactive astroglia and reactive microglia after brain injury in male rats: Role of its metabolites, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1460-9568. 2007. 05563. x
    • Barreto, G., Veiga, S., Azcoitia, I., Garcia-Segura, L. M., and Garcia-Ovejero, D. (2007). Testosterone decreases reactive astroglia and reactive microglia after brain injury in male rats: role of its metabolites, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Eur. J. Neurosci. 25, 3039-3046. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1460-9568. 2007. 05563. x
    • (2007) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 3039-3046
    • Barreto, G.1    Veiga, S.2    Azcoitia, I.3    Garcia-Segura, L.M.4    Garcia-Ovejero, D.5
  • 15
    • 80053504148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in neurodegenerative disease
    • doi: 10. 2174/138161211797440122
    • Bartels, A. L. (2011). Blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in neurodegenerative disease. Curr. Pharm. Des. 17, 2771-2777. doi: 10. 2174/138161211797440122
    • (2011) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.17 , pp. 2771-2777
    • Bartels, A.L.1
  • 16
    • 46649085260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in the progression of Parkinson's disease, PSP and MSA
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00702-008-0030-y
    • Bartels, A. L., Willemsen, A. T., Kortekaas, R., de Jong, B. M., de Vries, R., de Klerk, O., et al. (2008). Decreased blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in the progression of Parkinson's disease, PSP and MSA. J. Neural Transm. 115, 1001-1009. doi: 10. 1007/s00702-008-0030-y
    • (2008) J. Neural Transm. , vol.115 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Bartels, A.L.1    Willemsen, A.T.2    Kortekaas, R.3    de Jong, B.M.4    de Vries, R.5    de Klerk, O.6
  • 18
    • 27644557532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance
    • doi: 10. 1215/s1152851705000232
    • Bergers, G., and Song, S. (2005). The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance. Neuro Oncol. 7, 452-464. doi: 10. 1215/s1152851705000232
    • (2005) Neuro Oncol. , vol.7 , pp. 452-464
    • Bergers, G.1    Song, S.2
  • 19
    • 0033681149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1038/81834
    • Betarbet, R., Sherer, T. B., MacKenzie, G., Garcia-Osuna, M., Panov, A. V., and Greenamyre, J. T. (2000). Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 1301-1306. doi: 10. 1038/81834
    • (2000) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 1301-1306
    • Betarbet, R.1    Sherer, T.B.2    McKenzie, G.3    Garcia-Osuna, M.4    Panov, A.V.5    Greenamyre, J.T.6
  • 20
    • 70349134701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte function and role in motor neuron disease: A future therapeutic target?
    • doi: 10. 1002/glia. 20848
    • Blackburn, D., Sargsyan, S., Monk, P. N., and Shaw, P. J. (2009). Astrocyte function and role in motor neuron disease: a future therapeutic target? Glia 57, 1251-1264. doi: 10. 1002/glia. 20848
    • (2009) Glia , vol.57 , pp. 1251-1264
    • Blackburn, D.1    Sargsyan, S.2    Monk, P.N.3    Shaw, P.J.4
  • 21
    • 79958788461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CNS microvascular pericyte: Pericyte-astrocyte crosstalk in the regulation of tissue survival
    • doi101186/2045-8118-8-8
    • Bonkowski, D., Katyshev, V., Balabanov, R. D., Borisov, A., and Dore-Duffy, P. (2011). The CNS microvascular pericyte: pericyte-astrocyte crosstalk in the regulation of tissue survival. Fluids Barriers CNS 8:8. doi: 10. 1186/2045-8118-8-8
    • (2011) Fluids Barriers CNS , vol.8 , pp. 8
    • Bonkowski, D.1    Katyshev, V.2    Balabanov, R.D.3    Borisov, A.4    Dore-Duffy, P.5
  • 22
    • 40849130108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase overexpression protects dopaminergic neurons in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. nbd. 2007. 11. 013
    • Botella, J. A., Bayersdorfe, F., and Schneuwly, S. (2008). Superoxide dismutase overexpression protects dopaminergic neurons in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 30, 65-73. doi: 10. 1016/j. nbd. 2007. 11. 013
    • (2008) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.30 , pp. 65-73
    • Botella, J.A.1    Bayersdorfe, F.2    Schneuwly, S.3
  • 23
    • 32544442518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric alpha-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neulet. 2005. 11. 012
    • Braak, H., de Vos, R. A., Bohl, J., and Del Tredici, K. (2006). Gastric alpha-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology. Neurosci. Lett. 396, 67-72. doi: 10. 1016/j. neulet. 2005. 11. 012
    • (2006) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.396 , pp. 67-72
    • Braak, H.1    de Vos, R.A.2    Bohl, J.3    Del Tredici, K.4
  • 25
    • 0036139877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains
    • Bushong, E. A., Martone, M. E., Jones, Y. Z., and Ellisman, M. H. (2002). Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains. J. Neurosci. 22, 183-192.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 183-192
    • Bushong, E.A.1    Martone, M.E.2    Jones, Y.Z.3    Ellisman, M.H.4
  • 26
    • 25844442898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced alterations in bloodbrain barrier permeability
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1460-9568. 2005. 04281. x
    • Carvey, P. M. C. H., Zhao, B., Hendey, H., Lum, J., Trachtenberg, B. S., Desai, J., et al. (2005). 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced alterations in bloodbrain barrier permeability. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22, 1158-1168. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1460-9568. 2005. 04281. x
    • (2005) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 1158-1168
    • Carvey, P.M.C.H.1    Zhao, B.2    Hendey, H.3    Lum, J.4    Trachtenberg, B.S.5    Desai, J.6
  • 27
    • 80053529558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural pathology of cortical capillary pericytes in human traumatic brain oedema
    • Castejón, O. J. (2011). Ultrastructural pathology of cortical capillary pericytes in human traumatic brain oedema. Folia Neuropathol. 49, 162-173.
    • (2011) Folia Neuropathol. , vol.49 , pp. 162-173
    • Castejón, O.J.1
  • 28
    • 84886782057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Análisis comparativo de marcadores de lesión en modelos de isquemia cerebral focal y global en ratas
    • doi: 10. 7705/biomedica. v33i2. 830
    • Céspedes, Á. E., Arango, C. A., and Cardona, G. P. (2013). Análisis comparativo de marcadores de lesión en modelos de isquemia cerebral focal y global en ratas. Biomedica 33, 292-305. doi: 10. 7705/biomedica. v33i2. 830
    • (2013) Biomedica , vol.33 , pp. 292-305
    • Céspedes, A.E.1    Arango, C.A.2    Cardona, G.P.3
  • 29
    • 54349106751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine protects against MPTP induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mouse striatum
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-4159. 2008. 05697. x
    • Chen, X., Lan, X., Roche, I., Liu, R., and Geiger, J. D. (2008). Caffeine protects against MPTP induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mouse striatum. J. Neurochem. 107, 1147-1157. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-4159. 2008. 05697. x
    • (2008) J. Neurochem. , vol.107 , pp. 1147-1157
    • Chen, X.1    Lan, X.2    Roche, I.3    Liu, R.4    Geiger, J.D.5
  • 30
    • 0037314008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes and brain injury
    • doi: 10. 1097/00004647-200302000-00001
    • Chen, Y., and Swanson, R. A. (2003). Astrocytes and brain injury. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 23, 137-149. doi: 10. 1097/00004647-200302000-00001
    • (2003) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.23 , pp. 137-149
    • Chen, Y.1    Swanson, R.A.2
  • 31
    • 49349106093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox imbalance in Parkinson
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. bbagen. 2008. 02. 005
    • Chinta, S., and Andersen, J. (2008). Redox imbalance in Parkinson. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1780, 1362-1367. doi: 10. 1016/j. bbagen. 2008. 02. 005
    • (2008) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1780 , pp. 1362-1367
    • Chinta, S.1    Andersen, J.2
  • 32
    • 84897033768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrogliosis as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neulet. 2014. 01. 014
    • Colangelo, A. M., Alberghina, L., and Papa, M. (2014). Astrogliosis as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurosci. Lett. 565, 59-64. doi: 10. 1016/j. neulet. 2014. 01. 014
    • (2014) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.565 , pp. 59-64
    • Colangelo, A.M.1    Alberghina, L.2    Papa, M.3
  • 33
    • 33749669607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial degeneration and reactive gliosis in alpha-synucleinopathies: The emerging concept of primary gliodegeneration
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00401-006-0119-z
    • Croisier, E., and Graeber, M. B. (2006). Glial degeneration and reactive gliosis in alpha-synucleinopathies: the emerging concept of primary gliodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol. 112, 517-530. doi: 10. 1007/s00401-006-0119-z
    • (2006) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.112 , pp. 517-530
    • Croisier, E.1    Graeber, M.B.2
  • 34
    • 0027434596 scopus 로고
    • Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/0306-4522(93)90175-f
    • Damier, P., Hirsch, E. C., Zhang, P., Agid, Y., and Javoy-Agid, F. (1993). Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 52, 1-6. doi: 10. 1016/0306-4522(93)90175-f
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.52 , pp. 1-6
    • Damier, P.1    Hirsch, E.C.2    Zhang, P.3    Agid, Y.4    Javoy-Agid, F.5
  • 35
    • 84870408539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier in health and disease
    • doi: 10. 1002/ana. 23648
    • Daneman, R. (2012). The blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Ann. Neurol. 72, 648-672. doi: 10. 1002/ana. 23648
    • (2012) Ann. Neurol. , vol.72 , pp. 648-672
    • Daneman, R.1
  • 36
    • 80052553889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paullinia cupana Mart var. Sorbilis protects human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity
    • doi: 10. 1177/0960327110389837
    • de Oliveira, D. M., Barreto, G., Galeano, P., Romero, J. I., Holubiec, M. I., Badorrey, M. S., et al. (2011). Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis protects human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 30, 1382-1391. doi: 10. 1177/0960327110389837
    • (2011) Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 1382-1391
    • de Oliveira, D.M.1    Barreto, G.2    Galeano, P.3    Romero, J.I.4    Holubiec, M.I.5    Badorrey, M.S.6
  • 37
    • 1842632667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell-cell junctions: Happy together
    • doi: 10. 1038/nrm1357
    • Dejana, E. (2004). Endothelial cell-cell junctions: happy together. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5, 261-270. doi: 10. 1038/nrm1357
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 261-270
    • Dejana, E.1
  • 38
    • 33747417084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrin-matrix interactions in the cerebral microvasculature
    • doi: 10. 1161/01. atv. 0000232525. 65682. a2
    • del Zoppo, G. J., and Milner, R. (2006). Integrin-matrix interactions in the cerebral microvasculature. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26, 1966-1975. doi: 10. 1161/01. atv. 0000232525. 65682. a2
    • (2006) Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 1966-1975
    • del Zoppo, G.J.1    Milner, R.2
  • 39
    • 84857624257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for angiogenesis in Parkinson's disease, incidental Lewy body disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00702-011-0684-8
    • Desai Bradaric, B., Patel, A., Schneider, J. A., Carvey, P. M., and Hendey, B. (2012). Evidence for angiogenesis in Parkinson's disease, incidental Lewy body disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. J. Neural Transm. 119, 59-71. doi: 10. 1007/s00702-011-0684-8
    • (2012) J. Neural Transm. , vol.119 , pp. 59-71
    • Desai Bradaric, B.1    Patel, A.2    Schneider, J.A.3    Carvey, P.M.4    Hendey, B.5
  • 40
    • 84872729641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: Neuropathology. Cold Spring Harb
    • doi101101/cshperspecta009258
    • Dickson, D. W. (2012). Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2:a009258. doi: 10. 1101/cshperspect. a009258
    • (2012) Perspect. Med. , vol.2
    • Dickson, D.W.1
  • 42
    • 48949117586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericytes: Pluripotent cells of the blood brain barrier
    • doi: 10. 2174/138161208784705469
    • Dore-Duffy, P. (2008). Pericytes: pluripotent cells of the blood brain barrier. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14, 1581-1593. doi: 10. 2174/138161208784705469
    • (2008) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.14 , pp. 1581-1593
    • Dore-Duffy, P.1
  • 43
    • 79955062525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and properties of pericytes
    • doi: 10. 1007/978-1-60761-938-3_2
    • Dore-Duffy, P., and Cleary, K. (2011). Morphology and properties of pericytes. Methods Mol. Biol. 686, 49-68. doi: 10. 1007/978-1-60761-938-3_2
    • (2011) Methods Mol. Biol. , vol.686 , pp. 49-68
    • Dore-Duffy, P.1    Cleary, K.2
  • 44
    • 0034672943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain
    • doi: 10. 1016/s0301-0082(99)00060-x
    • Dringen, R. (2000). Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 62, 649-671. doi: 10. 1016/s0301-0082(99)00060-x
    • (2000) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.62 , pp. 649-671
    • Dringen, R.1
  • 45
    • 72849114101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho-associated kinase II (ROCKII) limits axonal growth after trauma within the adult mouse spinal cord
    • doi: 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 4650-09. 2009
    • Duffy, P., Schmandke, A., Schmandke, A. C., Sigworth, J., Shuh, N., Cafferty, W. B., et al. (2009). Rho-associated kinase II (ROCKII) limits axonal growth after trauma within the adult mouse spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 29, 15266-15276. doi: 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 4650-09. 2009
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 15266-15276
    • Duffy, P.1    Schmandke, A.2    Schmandke, A.C.3    Sigworth, J.4    Shuh, N.5    Cafferty, W.B.6
  • 46
    • 84899136901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of pericytes in neurovascular unit remodeling in brain disorders
    • doi: 10. 3390/ijms15046453
    • Elali, A., Thériault, P., and Rivest, S. (2014). The role of pericytes in neurovascular unit remodeling in brain disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15, 6453-6474. doi: 10. 3390/ijms15046453
    • (2014) Int. J. Mol. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 6453-6474
    • Elali, A.1    Thériault, P.2    Rivest, S.3
  • 47
    • 84879398619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a causal link between inflammation and dementia?
    • doi: 10. 1155/2013/316495
    • Enciu, A. M., and Popescu, B. O. (2013). Is there a causal link between inflammation and dementia? Biomed Res. Int. 2013:316495. doi: 10. 1155/2013/316495
    • (2013) Biomed Res. Int , vol.2013 , pp. 316495
    • Enciu, A.M.1    Popescu, B.O.2
  • 48
    • 84859259397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updates in the medical management of Parkinson disease
    • doi: 10. 3949/ccjm. 78gr. 11005
    • Fernandez, H. H. (2012). Updates in the medical management of Parkinson disease. Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 79, 28-35. doi: 10. 3949/ccjm. 78gr. 11005
    • (2012) Cleve. Clin. J. Med. , vol.79 , pp. 28-35
    • Fernandez, H.H.1
  • 49
    • 38649112309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNS injury, glial scars and inflammation: Inhibitory extracellular matrices and regeneration failure
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2007. 05. 014
    • Fitch, M. T., and Silver, J. (2008). CNS injury, glial scars and inflammation: inhibitory extracellular matrices and regeneration failure. Exp. Neurol. 209, 294-301. doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2007. 05. 014
    • (2008) Exp. Neurol. , vol.209 , pp. 294-301
    • Fitch, M.T.1    Silver, J.2
  • 50
    • 0035032925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of learning and memory in rats caused by oxidative stress and aging and changes in antioxidative defense systems
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1749-6632. 2001. tb05646. x
    • Fukui, K., Onodera, K., Shinkai, T., Suzuki, S., and Urano, S. (2001). Impairment of learning and memory in rats caused by oxidative stress and aging and changes in antioxidative defense systems. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 928, 168-175. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1749-6632. 2001. tb05646. x
    • (2001) Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. , vol.928 , pp. 168-175
    • Fukui, K.1    Onodera, K.2    Shinkai, T.3    Suzuki, S.4    Urano, S.5
  • 51
    • 0038249170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct brain infusion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson disease
    • doi: 10. 1038/nm850
    • Gill, S. S., Patel, N. K., Hotton, G. R., O'Sullivan, K., McCarter, R., Bunnage, M., et al. (2003). Direct brain infusion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson disease. Nat. Med. 9, 589-595. doi: 10. 1038/nm850
    • (2003) Nat. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 589-595
    • Gill, S.S.1    Patel, N.K.2    Hotton, G.R.3    O'Sullivan, K.4    McCarter, R.5    Bunnage, M.6
  • 52
    • 61849113819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse cerebellar astrocytes protect cerebellar granule neurons against toxicity of the polybrominateddiphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture DE-71
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neuro. 2008. 12. 009
    • Giordano, G., Kavanagh, T. J., and Costa, L. G. (2009). Mouse cerebellar astrocytes protect cerebellar granule neurons against toxicity of the polybrominateddiphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture DE-71. Neurotoxicology 30, 326-329. doi: 10. 1016/j. neuro. 2008. 12. 009
    • (2009) Neurotoxicology , vol.30 , pp. 326-329
    • Giordano, G.1    Kavanagh, T.J.2    Costa, L.G.3
  • 53
    • 80053458900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microvascular endothelium and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases
    • doi: 10. 1017/s1462399411001918
    • Grammas, P., Martinez, J., and Miller, B. (2011). Cerebral microvascular endothelium and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 13:e19. doi: 10. 1017/s1462399411001918
    • (2011) Expert Rev. Mol. Med. , vol.13
    • Grammas, P.1    Martinez, J.2    Miller, B.3
  • 54
    • 77951077317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic expression of Parkinson's disease-related A53T α-synuclein causes neurodegeneration in mice
    • doi: 10. 1186/1756-6606-3-12
    • Gu, X. L., Long, C. X., Sun, L., Xie, C., Lin, X., and Cai, H. (2010). Astrocytic expression of Parkinson's disease-related A53T α-synuclein causes neurodegeneration in mice. Mol. Brain 3:12. doi: 10. 1186/1756-6606-3-12
    • (2010) Mol. Brain , vol.3 , pp. 12
    • Gu, X.L.1    Long, C.X.2    Sun, L.3    Xie, C.4    Lin, X.5    Cai, H.6
  • 55
    • 79951499176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glia: Initiators and progressors of pathology in Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1002/mds. 23455
    • Halliday, G. M., and Stevens, C. H. (2011). Glia: initiators and progressors of pathology in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 26, 6-17. doi: 10. 1002/mds. 23455
    • (2011) Mov. Disord. , vol.26 , pp. 6-17
    • Halliday, G.M.1    Stevens, C.H.2
  • 56
    • 77957090798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive astrocytes as therapeutic targets for CNS disorders
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2010. 07. 003
    • Hamby, M. E., and Sofroniew, M. V. (2010). Reactive astrocytes as therapeutic targets for CNS disorders. Neurotherapeutics 7, 494-506. doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2010. 07. 003
    • (2010) Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , pp. 494-506
    • Hamby, M.E.1    Sofroniew, M.V.2
  • 57
    • 17644363679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of the astrocytic factor(s) modulating blood-brain barrier functions in brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro
    • doi: 10. 1007/s10571-004-1375-x
    • Haseloff, R. F., Blasig, I. E., Bauer, H. C., and Bauer, H. (2005). In search of the astrocytic factor(s) modulating blood-brain barrier functions in brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 25, 25-39. doi: 10. 1007/s10571-004-1375-x
    • (2005) Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 25-39
    • Haseloff, R.F.1    Blasig, I.E.2    Bauer, H.C.3    Bauer, H.4
  • 58
    • 80155142267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future treatments for Parkinsons disease: Surfing the PD pipeline
    • doi: 10. 3109/00207454. 2011. 620195
    • Hauser, R. A. (2011). Future treatments for Parkinsons disease: surfing the PD pipeline. Int. J. Neurosci. 121(Suppl. 2), 53-62. doi: 10. 3109/00207454. 2011. 620195
    • (2011) Int. J. Neurosci. , vol.121 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 53-62
    • Hauser, R.A.1
  • 59
    • 0035896467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrity of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in early Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/s0304-3940(01)01574-9
    • Haussermann, P., Kuhn, W., Przuntek, H., and Muller, T. (2001). Integrity of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in early Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 300, 182-184. doi: 10. 1016/s0304-3940(01)01574-9
    • (2001) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.300 , pp. 182-184
    • Haussermann, P.1    Kuhn, W.2    Przuntek, H.3    Muller, T.4
  • 60
    • 22944483792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier/neurovascular unit in health and disease
    • doi: 10. 1124/pr. 57. 2. 4
    • Hawkins, B. T., and Davis, T. P. (2005). The blood-brain barrier/neurovascular unit in health and disease. Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 173-185. doi: 10. 1124/pr. 57. 2. 4
    • (2005) Pharmacol Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 173-185
    • Hawkins, B.T.1    Davis, T.P.2
  • 61
    • 42949086515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of metabolic and neurovascular responses to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 0582-08. 2008
    • Hirano, S., Asanuma, K., Ma, Y., Tang, C., Feigin, A., Dhawan, V., et al. (2008). Dissociation of metabolic and neurovascular responses to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 28, 4201-4209. doi: 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 0582-08. 2008
    • (2008) J. Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 4201-4209
    • Hirano, S.1    Asanuma, K.2    Ma, Y.3    Tang, C.4    Feigin, A.5    Dhawan, V.6
  • 62
    • 0038051266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of glial reaction and inflammation in Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1749-6632. 2003. tb07478. x
    • Hirsch, E. C., Breidert, T., Rousselet, E., Hunot, S., Hartmann, A., and Michel, P. P. (2003). The role of glial reaction and inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 991, 214-228. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1749-6632. 2003. tb07478. x
    • (2003) Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. , vol.991 , pp. 214-228
    • Hirsch, E.C.1    Breidert, T.2    Rousselet, E.3    Hunot, S.4    Hartmann, A.5    Michel, P.P.6
  • 63
    • 84862784791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factors preserve blood-brain barrier integrity through RhoA inhibition after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. nbd. 2012. 01. 008
    • Huang, B., Krafft, P. R., Ma, Q., Rolland, W. B., Caner, B., Lekic, T., et al. (2012). Fibroblast growth factors preserve blood-brain barrier integrity through RhoA inhibition after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 46, 204-214. doi: 10. 1016/j. nbd. 2012. 01. 008
    • (2012) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.46 , pp. 204-214
    • Huang, B.1    Krafft, P.R.2    Ma, Q.3    Rolland, W.B.4    Caner, B.5    Lekic, T.6
  • 65
    • 79251501315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factors: From molecular evolution to roles in development, metabolism and disease
    • doi: 10. 1093/jb/mvQ181
    • Itoh, N., and Ornitz, D. M. (2011). Fibroblast growth factors: from molecular evolution to roles in development, metabolism and disease. J. Biochem. 149, 121-130. doi: 10. 1093/jb/mvQ181
    • (2011) J. Biochem. , vol.149 , pp. 121-130
    • Itoh, N.1    Ornitz, D.M.2
  • 66
    • 84882274832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide-induced blood brain barrier permeability is enhanced by alpha-synuclein expression
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neulet. 2013. 06. 058
    • Jangula, A., and Murphy, E. J. (2013). Lipopolysaccharide-induced blood brain barrier permeability is enhanced by alpha-synuclein expression. Neurosci. Lett. 551, 23-27. doi: 10. 1016/j. neulet. 2013. 06. 058
    • (2013) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.551 , pp. 23-27
    • Jangula, A.1    Murphy, E.J.2
  • 67
    • 84863728773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapies in Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1097/WCO. 0b013e3283542fc2
    • Jankovic, J., and Poewe, W. (2012). Therapies in Parkinson's disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 25, 433-447. doi: 10. 1097/WCO. 0b013e3283542fc2
    • (2012) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.25 , pp. 433-447
    • Jankovic, J.1    Poewe, W.2
  • 68
    • 0037378026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease
    • discussion S36-S38. doi: 10. 1002/ana. 10483
    • Jenner, P. (2003). Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 53(Suppl. 3), S26-S36; discussion S36-S38. doi: 10. 1002/ana. 10483
    • (2003) Ann. Neurol. , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Jenner, P.1
  • 69
    • 79958259743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathways in reactive astrocytes, a genetic perspective
    • doi: 10. 1007/s12035-011-8163-7
    • Kang, W., and Hebert, J. M. (2011). Signaling pathways in reactive astrocytes, a genetic perspective. Mol. Neurobiol. 43, 147-154. doi: 10. 1007/s12035-011-8163-7
    • (2011) Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.43 , pp. 147-154
    • Kang, W.1    Hebert, J.M.2
  • 70
    • 0035934165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cytosolic antioxidant, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative cellular injury after photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice
    • doi: 10. 1016/s0306-4522(01)00237-8
    • Kim, G. W., Lewén, A., Copin, J., Watson, B. D., and Chan, P. H. (2001). The cytosolic antioxidant, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative cellular injury after photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Neuroscience 105, 1007-1018. doi: 10. 1016/s0306-4522(01)00237-8
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.105 , pp. 1007-1018
    • Kim, G.W.1    Lewén, A.2    Copin, J.3    Watson, B.D.4    Chan, P.H.5
  • 71
    • 0141869839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegeneration in striatum induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in early blood-brain barrier disruption?
    • Kim, G. W., Gasche, Y., Grzeschik, S., Copin, J. C., Maier, C. M., and Chan, P. H. (2003). Neurodegeneration in striatum induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in early blood-brain barrier disruption? J. Neurosci. 23, 8733-8742.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 8733-8742
    • Kim, G.W.1    Gasche, Y.2    Grzeschik, S.3    Copin, J.C.4    Maier, C.M.5    Chan, P.H.6
  • 72
    • 77957028947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of astrocytes and their potential as therapeutic targets
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2010. 07. 006
    • Kimelberg, H. K., and Nedergaard, M. (2010). Functions of astrocytes and their potential as therapeutic targets. Neurotherapeutics 7, 338-353. doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2010. 07. 006
    • (2010) Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , pp. 338-353
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Nedergaard, M.2
  • 73
    • 16944366242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of CuZn superoxide dismutase activity exacerbates neuronal cell injury and edema formation aftertransient focal cerebral ischemia
    • Kondo, T., Reaume, A. G., Huang, T. T., Carlson, E., Murakami, K., Chen, S. F., et al. (1997). Reduction of CuZn superoxide dismutase activity exacerbates neuronal cell injury and edema formation aftertransient focal cerebral ischemia. J. Neurosci. 17, 4180-41899.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 4180-41899
    • Kondo, T.1    Reaume, A.G.2    Huang, T.T.3    Carlson, E.4    Murakami, K.5    Chen, S.F.6
  • 74
  • 75
    • 0344528794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammatory reaction following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication in mouse
    • doi: 10. 1006/exnr. 1998. 6993
    • Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I., Wrónska, A., Kohutnicka, M., Czlonkowski, A., and Czlonkowski, A. (1999). The inflammatory reaction following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication in mouse. Exp. Neurol. 156, 50-61. doi: 10. 1006/exnr. 1998. 6993
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol. , vol.156 , pp. 50-61
    • Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.1    Wrónska, A.2    Kohutnicka, M.3    Czlonkowski, A.4    Czlonkowski, A.5
  • 76
    • 84876906502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain pericyte plasticity as a potential drug target in CNS repair
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. drudis. 2012. 12. 007
    • Lange, S., Trost, A., Tempfer, H., Bauer, H. C., Bauer, H., Rohde, E., et al. (2013). Brain pericyte plasticity as a potential drug target in CNS repair. Drug Discov. Today 18, 456-463. doi: 10. 1016/j. drudis. 2012. 12. 007
    • (2013) Drug Discov. Today , vol.18 , pp. 456-463
    • Lange, S.1    Trost, A.2    Tempfer, H.3    Bauer, H.C.4    Bauer, H.5    Rohde, E.6
  • 77
    • 0032829070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure
    • doi: 10. 1002/1531-8249(199910)46:4<598::aid-ana7>3. 0. co;2-f
    • Langston, J. W., Forno, L. S., Tetrud, J., Reeves, A. G., Kaplan, J. A., and Karluk, D. (1999). Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure. Ann. Neurol. 46, 598-605. doi: 10. 1002/1531-8249(199910)46:4<598::aid-ana7>3. 0. co;2-f
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.46 , pp. 598-605
    • Langston, J.W.1    Forno, L.S.2    Tetrud, J.3    Reeves, A.G.4    Kaplan, J.A.5    Karluk, D.6
  • 78
    • 84884592784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the brain extracellular matrix: A new target for remyelination
    • doi: 10. 1038/nrn3550
    • Lau, L. W., Cua, R., Keough, M. B., Haylock-Jacobs, S., and Yong, V. W. (2013). Pathophysiology of the brain extracellular matrix: a new target for remyelination. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 722-729. doi: 10. 1038/nrn3550
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 722-729
    • Lau, L.W.1    Cua, R.2    Keough, M.B.3    Haylock-Jacobs, S.4    Yong, V.W.5
  • 79
    • 84904318001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in Parkinson's disease: Curse or route to a cure? Front
    • doi: 10. 2741/4206
    • Lee, H., and Pienaar, I. S. (2014). Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in Parkinson's disease: curse or route to a cure? Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 19, 272-280. doi: 10. 2741/4206
    • (2014) Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) , vol.19 , pp. 272-280
    • Lee, H.1    Pienaar, I.S.2
  • 80
    • 67649819421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The severity of leukoaraiosis correlates with the clinical phenotype of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. archger. 2008. 09. 005
    • Lee, S. J., Kim, J. S., Lee, K. S., An, J. Y., Kim, W., Kim, Y. I., et al. (2009). The severity of leukoaraiosis correlates with the clinical phenotype of Parkinson's disease. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 49, 255-259. doi: 10. 1016/j. archger. 2008. 09. 005
    • (2009) Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. , vol.49 , pp. 255-259
    • Lee, S.J.1    Kim, J.S.2    Lee, K.S.3    An, J.Y.4    Kim, W.5    Kim, Y.I.6
  • 81
    • 77953130435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascorbic acidprevents bloodbrain barrier disruption and sernsory deficit caused by sustained compressio ofprimary somatosensory cortex
    • doi: 10. 1038/jcbfm. 2009. 277
    • Lin, J. L., Huang, Y. H., Shen, Y. C., Huang, H. C., and Liu, P. H. (2010). Ascorbic acidprevents bloodbrain barrier disruption and sernsory deficit caused by sustained compressio ofprimary somatosensory cortex. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 30, 1121-1136. doi: 10. 1038/jcbfm. 2009. 277
    • (2010) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.30 , pp. 1121-1136
    • Lin, J.L.1    Huang, Y.H.2    Shen, Y.C.3    Huang, H.C.4    Liu, P.H.5
  • 82
    • 0033987488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular distribution of superoxide dismutases in the rat CNS
    • doi: 10. 1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000101)29:1<25::aid-glia3>3. 0. co;2-g
    • Lindenau, J., Noack, H., Possel, H., Asayama, K., and Wolf, G. (2000). Cellular distribution of superoxide dismutases in the rat CNS. Glia 29, 25-34. doi: 10. 1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000101)29:1<25::aid-glia3>3. 0. co;2-g
    • (2000) Glia , vol.29 , pp. 25-34
    • Lindenau, J.1    Noack, H.2    Possel, H.3    Asayama, K.4    Wolf, G.5
  • 83
    • 84872233407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight junctions at the blood brain barrier: Physiological architecture and disease-associated dysregulation
    • doi: 10. 1186/2045-8118-9-23
    • Luissint, A. C., Artus, C., Glacial, F., Ganeshamoorthy, K., and Couraud, P. O. (2012). Tight junctions at the blood brain barrier: physiological architecture and disease-associated dysregulation. Fluids Barriers CNS 9:23. doi: 10. 1186/2045-8118-9-23
    • (2012) Fluids Barriers CNS , vol.9 , pp. 23
    • Luissint, A.C.1    Artus, C.2    Glacial, F.3    Ganeshamoorthy, K.4    Couraud, P.O.5
  • 84
    • 0036323863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of superoxide dismutases in oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders
    • doi: 10. 1177/107385840200800408
    • Maier, C. M., and Chan, P. H. (2002). Role of superoxide dismutases in oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroscientist 8, 323-334. doi: 10. 1177/107385840200800408
    • (2002) Neuroscientist , vol.8 , pp. 323-334
    • Maier, C.M.1    Chan, P.H.2
  • 85
    • 33751237994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Astrocytes in neurode generative disease
    • doi: 10. 1038/ncpneuro0355
    • Maragakis, N. J., and Rothstein, J. D. (2006). Mechanisms of disease: astrocytes in neurode generative disease. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2, 679-689. doi: 10. 1038/ncpneuro0355
    • (2006) Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. , vol.2 , pp. 679-689
    • Maragakis, N.J.1    Rothstein, J.D.2
  • 86
    • 56649124807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and neurotrophic factors in neuronal plasticity and disease
    • doi: 10. 1196/annals. 1418. 005
    • Mattson, M. P. (2008). Glutamate and neurotrophic factors in neuronal plasticity and disease. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 1144, 97-112. doi: 10. 1196/annals. 1418. 005
    • (2008) Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. , vol.1144 , pp. 97-112
    • Mattson, M.P.1
  • 87
    • 0344961161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis
    • doi: 10. 1191/1352458503ms965oa
    • Minagar, A., and Alexander, J. S. (2003). Blood brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 9, 540-549. doi: 10. 1191/1352458503ms965oa
    • (2003) Mult. Scler. , vol.9 , pp. 540-549
    • Minagar, A.1    Alexander, J.S.2
  • 88
    • 84901913570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion transporters in brain endothelial cells that contribute to formation of brain interstitial fluid
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00424-013-1342-9
    • Mokgokong, R., Wang, S., Taylor, C. J., Barrand, M. A., and Hladky, S. B. (2014). Ion transporters in brain endothelial cells that contribute to formation of brain interstitial fluid. Pflugers Arch. 466, 887-901. doi: 10. 1007/s00424-013-1342-9
    • (2014) Pflugers Arch. , vol.466 , pp. 887-901
    • Mokgokong, R.1    Wang, S.2    Taylor, C.J.3    Barrand, M.A.4    Hladky, S.B.5
  • 89
    • 79961207643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant function and astrocytic proliferation in the striatum and frontal cortex of Parkinson's disease brains
    • doi: 10. 1007/s11064-011-0471-9
    • Mythri, R. B., Venkateshappa, C., Harish, G., Mahadevan, A., Muthane, U. B., Yasha, T. C., et al. (2011). Evaluation of markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant function and astrocytic proliferation in the striatum and frontal cortex of Parkinson's disease brains. Neurochem. Res. 36, 1452-1463. doi: 10. 1007/s11064-011-0471-9
    • (2011) Neurochem. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 1452-1463
    • Mythri, R.B.1    Venkateshappa, C.2    Harish, G.3    Mahadevan, A.4    Muthane, U.B.5    Yasha, T.C.6
  • 90
    • 79957755796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and properties of brain endothelial cells
    • doi: 10. 1007/978-1-60761-938-3_1
    • Nag, S. (2011). Morphology and properties of brain endothelial cells. Methods Mol. Biol. 686, 3-47. doi: 10. 1007/978-1-60761-938-3_1
    • (2011) Methods Mol. Biol. , vol.686 , pp. 3-47
    • Nag, S.1
  • 91
    • 84888339821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurovascular unit dysfunction with blood brain barrier hyperpermeability contributes to major depressive disorder: A review of clinical and experimental evidence
    • doi: 10. 1186/1742-2094-10-142
    • Najjar, S., Pearlman, D. M., Devinsky, O., Najjar, A., and Zagzag, D. (2013). Neurovascular unit dysfunction with blood brain barrier hyperpermeability contributes to major depressive disorder: a review of clinical and experimental evidence. J. Neuroinflammation 10:142. doi: 10. 1186/1742-2094-10-142
    • (2013) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.10 , pp. 142
    • Najjar, S.1    Pearlman, D.M.2    Devinsky, O.3    Najjar, A.4    Zagzag, D.5
  • 92
    • 77957943337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and its modulation by melatonin in rat astrocytoma cells, C6
    • doi: 10. 3109/10715762. 2010. 501080
    • Niranjan, R., Nath, C., and Shukla, R. (2010). The mechanism of action of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and its modulation by melatonin in rat astrocytoma cells, C6. Free Radic. Res. 44, 1304-1316. doi: 10. 3109/10715762. 2010. 501080
    • (2010) Free Radic. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 1304-1316
    • Niranjan, R.1    Nath, C.2    Shukla, R.3
  • 93
    • 24344446871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1056/NEJMcp043908
    • Nutt, J. G., and Wooten, G. F. (2005). Clinical practice. Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 1021-1027. doi: 10. 1056/NEJMcp043908
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.353 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Wooten, G.F.2
  • 94
    • 84855973883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of astrocytic form and function
    • doi: 10. 1007/978-1-61779-452-0_3
    • Oberheim, N. A., Goldman, S. A., and Nedergaard, M. (2012). Heterogeneity of astrocytic form and function. Methods Mol. Biol. 814, 23-45. doi: 10. 1007/978-1-61779-452-0_3
    • (2012) Methods Mol Biol. , vol.814 , pp. 23-45
    • Oberheim, N.A.1    Goldman, S.A.2    Nedergaard, M.3
  • 95
    • 26444465185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA treatment from the viewpoint of neuroprotection. Possible mechanism of specific and progressive dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00415-005-4006-7
    • Ogawa, N., Asanuma, M., Miyazaki, I., Diaz-Corrales, F. J., and Miyoshi, K. (2005). L-DOPA treatment from the viewpoint of neuroprotection. Possible mechanism of specific and progressive dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. 252(Suppl. 4), IV23-IV31. doi: 10. 1007/s00415-005-4006-7
    • (2005) J. Neurol. , vol.252 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Ogawa, N.1    Asanuma, M.2    Miyazaki, I.3    Diaz-Corrales, F.J.4    Miyoshi, K.5
  • 96
    • 80052013736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by L-dopa in the parkinsonian brain: Implications for the development of dyskinesia
    • doi: 10. 1093/brain/awr165
    • Ohlin, K. E., Francardo, V., Lindgren, H. S., Sillivan, S. E., O'Sullivan, S. S., Luksik, A. S., et al. (2011). Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by L-dopa in the parkinsonian brain: implications for the development of dyskinesia. Brain 134, 2339-2357. doi: 10. 1093/brain/awr165
    • (2011) Brain , vol.134 , pp. 2339-2357
    • Ohlin, K.E.1    Francardo, V.2    Lindgren, H.S.3    Sillivan, S.E.4    O'Sullivan, S.S.5    Luksik, A.S.6
  • 97
    • 84875741505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Parkinson's disease in the advanced stage
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00702-013-1008-y
    • Ossig, C., and Reichmann, H. (2013). Treatment of Parkinson's disease in the advanced stage. J. Neural Transm. 120, 523-529. doi: 10. 1007/s00702-013-1008-y
    • (2013) J. Neural Transm. , vol.120 , pp. 523-529
    • Ossig, C.1    Reichmann, H.2
  • 98
    • 77952546865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IGF-1 can either protect against or increase LPS-induced damage in the developing rat brain
    • doi: 10. 1203/PDR. 0b013e3181dc240f
    • Pang, Y., Zheng, B., Campbell, L. R., Fan, L. W., Cai, Z., and Rhodes, P. G. (2010). IGF-1 can either protect against or increase LPS-induced damage in the developing rat brain. Pediatr. Res. 67, 579-584. doi: 10. 1203/PDR. 0b013e3181dc240f
    • (2010) Pediatr. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 579-584
    • Pang, Y.1    Zheng, B.2    Campbell, L.R.3    Fan, L.W.4    Cai, Z.5    Rhodes, P.G.6
  • 99
    • 77649284470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of Parkinson's disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice
    • doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0008762
    • Pan-Montojo, F., Anichtchik, O., Dening, Y., Knels, L., Pursche, S., Jung, R., et al. (2010). Progression of Parkinson's disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice. PLoS One 5:e8762. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0008762
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Pan-Montojo, F.1    Anichtchik, O.2    Dening, Y.3    Knels, L.4    Pursche, S.5    Jung, R.6
  • 100
    • 80055074312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes carrying the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) mutation induce wild-type motor neurodegeneration in vivo
    • doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 1103141108
    • Papadeas, S. T., Kraig, S. E., O'Banion, C., Lepore, A. C., and Maragakis, N. J. (2011). Astrocytes carrying the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) mutation induce wild-type motor neurodegeneration in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 108, 17803-17808. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 1103141108
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A , vol.108 , pp. 17803-17808
    • Papadeas, S.T.1    Kraig, S.E.2    O'Banion, C.3    Lepore, A.C.4    Maragakis, N.J.5
  • 101
    • 79955672705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca(2+) sources for the exocytotic release of glutamate from astrocytes
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. bbamcr. 2010. 11. 006
    • Parpura, V., Grubisic, V., and Verkhratsky, A. (2011). Ca(2+) sources for the exocytotic release of glutamate from astrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1813, 984-991. doi: 10. 1016/j. bbamcr. 2010. 11. 006
    • (2011) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1813 , pp. 984-991
    • Parpura, V.1    Grubisic, V.2    Verkhratsky, A.3
  • 102
    • 41249088472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Parkinson's disease with trophic factors
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2008. 02. 003
    • Peterson, A. L., and Nutt, J. G. (2008). Treatment of Parkinson's disease with trophic factors. Neurotherapeutics 5, 270-280. doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2008. 02. 003
    • (2008) Neurotherapeutics , vol.5 , pp. 270-280
    • Peterson, A.L.1    Nutt, J.G.2
  • 103
    • 84876961579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted brain derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) delivery across the blood-brain barrier for neuro-protection using magnetic nano carriers: An in-vitro study
    • doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0062241
    • Pilakka-Kanthikeel, S., Atluri, V. S., Sagar, V., Saxena, S. K., and Nair, M. (2013). Targeted brain derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) delivery across the blood-brain barrier for neuro-protection using magnetic nano carriers: an in-vitro study. PLoS One 8:e62241. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0062241
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Pilakka-Kanthikeel, S.1    Atluri, V.S.2    Sagar, V.3    Saxena, S.K.4    Nair, M.5
  • 105
    • 84455185110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topiramate treatment protects blood-brain barrier pericytes from hyperglycemia induced oxidative damage in diabetic mice
    • doi: 10. 1210/en. 2011-1638
    • Price, T. O., Eranki, V., Banks, W. A., Ercal, N., and Shah, G. N. (2012). Topiramate treatment protects blood-brain barrier pericytes from hyperglycemia induced oxidative damage in diabetic mice. Endocrinology 153, 362-372. doi: 10. 1210/en. 2011-1638
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , pp. 362-372
    • Price, T.O.1    Eranki, V.2    Banks, W.A.3    Ercal, N.4    Shah, G.N.5
  • 106
    • 84898599956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed transplantation of precursor cell-derived astrocytes provides multiple benefits in a rat model of Parkinsons
    • doi: 10. 1002/emmm. 201302878
    • Proschel, C., Stripay, J. L., Shih, C. H., Munger, J. C., and Noble, M. D. (2014). Delayed transplantation of precursor cell-derived astrocytes provides multiple benefits in a rat model of Parkinsons. EMBO Mol. Med. 6, 504-518. doi: 10. 1002/emmm. 201302878
    • (2014) EMBO Mol. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 504-518
    • Proschel, C.1    Stripay, J.L.2    Shih, C.H.3    Munger, J.C.4    Noble, M.D.5
  • 107
    • 0031578774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in Parkinson's disease but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex
    • doi: 10. 1016/s0304-3940(97)00905-1
    • Radunović, A., Porto, W. G., Zeman, S., and Leigh, P. N. (1997). Increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in Parkinson's disease but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex. Neurosci. Lett. 239, 105-108. doi: 10. 1016/s0304-3940(97)00905-1
    • (1997) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.239 , pp. 105-108
    • Radunović, A.1    Porto, W.G.2    Zeman, S.3    Leigh, P.N.4
  • 108
    • 71849091577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are growth factors the answer?
    • doi: 10. 1016/S1353-8020(09)70809-0
    • Ramaswamy, S., and Kordower, J. H. (2009). Are growth factors the answer? Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 15(Suppl. 3), S176-S180. doi: 10. 1016/S1353-8020(09)70809-0
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Ramaswamy, S.1    Kordower, J.H.2
  • 109
    • 77957048035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes and therapeutics for Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2010. 07. 001
    • Rappold, P. M., and Tieu, K. (2010). Astrocytes and therapeutics for Parkinson's disease. Neurotherapeutics 7, 413-423. doi: 10. 1016/j. nurt. 2010. 07. 001
    • (2010) Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , pp. 413-423
    • Rappold, P.M.1    Tieu, K.2
  • 110
    • 79959400230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of pericytes in angiogenesis
    • doi: 10. 1387/ijdb. 103167dr
    • Ribatti, D., Nico, B., and Crivellato, E. (2011). The role of pericytes in angiogenesis. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 55, 261-268. doi: 10. 1387/ijdb. 103167dr
    • (2011) Int. J. Dev. Biol. , vol.55 , pp. 261-268
    • Ribatti, D.1    Nico, B.2    Crivellato, E.3
  • 111
    • 70449644824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional deletion of beta1-integrin in astroglia causes partial reactive gliosis
    • doi: 10. 1002/glia. 20876
    • Robel, S., Mori, T., Zoubaa, S., Schlegel, J., Sirko, S., Faissner, A., et al. (2009). Conditional deletion of beta1-integrin in astroglia causes partial reactive gliosis. Glia 57, 1630-1647. doi: 10. 1002/glia. 20876
    • (2009) Glia , vol.57 , pp. 1630-1647
    • Robel, S.1    Mori, T.2    Zoubaa, S.3    Schlegel, J.4    Sirko, S.5    Faissner, A.6
  • 112
    • 84859157176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimized quantities of GDNF overexpressed by engineered astrocytes are critical for protection of neuroblastoma cells against 6-OHDA toxicity
    • doi: 10. 1007/s12031-011-9654-8
    • Safi, R., Gardaneh, M., Panahi, Y., Maghsoudi, N., Zaefizadeh, M., and Gharib, E. (2012). Optimized quantities of GDNF overexpressed by engineered astrocytes are critical for protection of neuroblastoma cells against 6-OHDA toxicity. J. Mol. Neurosci. 46, 654-665. doi: 10. 1007/s12031-011-9654-8
    • (2012) J. Mol. Neurosci. , vol.46 , pp. 654-665
    • Safi, R.1    Gardaneh, M.2    Panahi, Y.3    Maghsoudi, N.4    Zaefizadeh, M.5    Gharib, E.6
  • 113
    • 34247464677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The parkinsonian neurotoxin rotenone activates calpain and caspase-3 leading to motoneuron degeneration in spinal cord of Lewis rats
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. neuroscience. 2007. 01. 056
    • Samantaray, S., Knaryan, V. H., Guyton, M. K., Matzelle, D. D., Ray, S. K., and Banik, N. L. (2007). The parkinsonian neurotoxin rotenone activates calpain and caspase-3 leading to motoneuron degeneration in spinal cord of Lewis rats. Neuroscience 146, 741-755. doi: 10. 1016/j. neuroscience. 2007. 01. 056
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.146 , pp. 741-755
    • Samantaray, S.1    Knaryan, V.H.2    Guyton, M.K.3    Matzelle, D.D.4    Ray, S.K.5    Banik, N.L.6
  • 114
    • 38049174887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cells constituting blood nerve barrier have highly specialized characteristics as barrier-forming cells
    • doi: 10. 1247/csf. 07015
    • Sano, Y., Shimizu, F., Nakayama, H., Abe, M., Maeda, T., Ohtsuki, S., et al. (2007). Endothelial cells constituting blood nerve barrier have highly specialized characteristics as barrier-forming cells. Cell Struct. Funct. 32, 139-147. doi: 10. 1247/csf. 07015
    • (2007) Cell Struct. Funct. , vol.32 , pp. 139-147
    • Sano, Y.1    Shimizu, F.2    Nakayama, H.3    Abe, M.4    Maeda, T.5    Ohtsuki, S.6
  • 115
    • 84862640700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurovascular unit: A focus on pericytes
    • doi: 10. 1007/s12035-012-8244-2
    • Sá-Pereira, I., Brites, D., and Brito, M. A. (2012). Neurovascular unit: a focus on pericytes. Mol. Neurobiol. 45, 327-347. doi: 10. 1007/s12035-012-8244-2
    • (2012) Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.45 , pp. 327-347
    • Sá-Pereira, I.1    Brites, D.2    Brito, M.A.3
  • 116
    • 0028229150 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs
    • doi: 10. 1016/0092-8674(94)90212-7
    • Schinkel, A. H., Smit, J. J., van Tellingen, O., Beijnen, J. H., Wagenaar, E., van Deemter, L., et al. (1994). Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs. Cell 77, 491-502. doi: 10. 1016/0092-8674(94)90212-7
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 491-502
    • Schinkel, A.H.1    Smit, J.J.2    van Tellingen, O.3    Beijnen, J.H.4    Wagenaar, E.5    van Deemter, L.6
  • 117
    • 84859094080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach to the continuous dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinson's disease
    • Schwartz, M. D., and Sabetay, M. D. (2012). An approach to the continuous dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 14, 175-179.
    • (2012) Isr. Med. Assoc. J. , vol.14 , pp. 175-179
    • Schwartz, M.D.1    Sabetay, M.D.2
  • 118
    • 0027160230 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in free radical scavenging mechanisms following blood-brain barrier disruption
    • doi: 10. 1016/0891-5849(93)90128-h
    • Shukla, A., Shukla, R., Dikshit, M., and Srimal, R. C. (1993). Alterations in free radical scavenging mechanisms following blood-brain barrier disruption. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 15, 97-100. doi: 10. 1016/0891-5849(93)90128-h
    • (1993) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 97-100
    • Shukla, A.1    Shukla, R.2    Dikshit, M.3    Srimal, R.C.4
  • 119
    • 34547624611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supply and demand in cerebral energy metabolism: The role of nutrient transporters
    • doi: 10. 1038/sj. jcbfm. 9600521
    • Simpson, I. A., Carruthers, A., and Vannucci, S. J. (2007). Supply and demand in cerebral energy metabolism: the role of nutrient transporters. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27, 1766-1791. doi: 10. 1038/sj. jcbfm. 9600521
    • (2007) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.27 , pp. 1766-1791
    • Simpson, I.A.1    Carruthers, A.2    Vannucci, S.J.3
  • 120
    • 10244261598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial glutathione: A modulator of brain cell death
    • doi: 10. 1023/b:jobb. 0000041763. 63958. e7
    • Sims, N. R., Nilsson, M., and Muyderman, H. (2004). Mitochondrial glutathione: a modulator of brain cell death. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 36, 329-333. doi: 10. 1023/b:jobb. 0000041763. 63958. e7
    • (2004) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. , vol.36 , pp. 329-333
    • Sims, N.R.1    Nilsson, M.2    Muyderman, H.3
  • 121
    • 84868320531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease
    • doi: 10. 3949/ccjm. 79. s2a. 01
    • Singer, C. (2012). Managing the patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 79(Suppl. 2), S3-S7. doi: 10. 3949/ccjm. 79. s2a. 01
    • (2012) Cleve. Clin. J. Med. , vol.79 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Singer, C.1
  • 122
    • 39449083733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants and free radical scavengers for the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury and aging
    • doi: 10. 2174/092986708783497337
    • Slemmer, J. E., Shacka, J. J., Sweeney, M. I., and Weber, J. T. (2008). Antioxidants and free radical scavengers for the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury and aging. Curr. Med. Chem. 15, 404-414. doi: 10. 2174/092986708783497337
    • (2008) Curr. Med. Chem. , vol.15 , pp. 404-414
    • Slemmer, J.E.1    Shacka, J.J.2    Sweeney, M.I.3    Weber, J.T.4
  • 123
    • 84884901192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione metabolism and Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. freeradbiomed. 2013. 05. 001
    • Smeyne, M., and Smeyne, R. J. (2013). Glutathione metabolism and Parkinson's disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 62, 13-25. doi: 10. 1016/j. freeradbiomed. 2013. 05. 001
    • (2013) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.62 , pp. 13-25
    • Smeyne, M.1    Smeyne, R.J.2
  • 124
    • 53249138093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain endothelial cell-cell junctions: How to "open" the blood brain barrier
    • doi: 10. 2174/157015908785777210
    • Stamatovic, S. M., Keep, R. F., and Andjelkovic, A. V. (2008). Brain endothelial cell-cell junctions: how to "open" the blood brain barrier. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 6, 179-192. doi: 10. 2174/157015908785777210
    • (2008) Curr. Neuropharmacol. , vol.6 , pp. 179-192
    • Stamatovic, S.M.1    Keep, R.F.2    Andjelkovic, A.V.3
  • 125
    • 84863458162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit disease cause or consequence?
    • doi: 10. 1038/jcbfm. 2012. 25
    • Stanimirovic, D. B., and Friedman, A. (2012). Pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit disease cause or consequence? J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 32, 1207-1221. doi: 10. 1038/jcbfm. 2012. 25
    • (2012) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.32 , pp. 1207-1221
    • Stanimirovic, D.B.1    Friedman, A.2
  • 126
    • 0032528291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicators of glial activation and brain oxidative stress after intraventricular infusion of endotoxin
    • doi: 10. 1016/s0169-328x(97)00365-3
    • Sugaya, K., Chou, S., Xu, S. J., and McKinney, M. (1998). Indicators of glial activation and brain oxidative stress after intraventricular infusion of endotoxin. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 58, 1-9. doi: 10. 1016/s0169-328x(97)00365-3
    • (1998) Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. , vol.58 , pp. 1-9
    • Sugaya, K.1    Chou, S.2    Xu, S.J.3    McKinney, M.4
  • 127
    • 80052337005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. cytogfr. 2011. 05. 001
    • Sullivan, A. M., and Toulouse, A. (2011). Neurotrophic factors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 22, 157-165. doi: 10. 1016/j. cytogfr. 2011. 05. 001
    • (2011) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. , vol.22 , pp. 157-165
    • Sullivan, A.M.1    Toulouse, A.2
  • 129
    • 15944387795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging complexities in identity and function of glial connexins
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. tins. 2005. 02. 006
    • Theis, M., Söhl, G., Eiberger, J., and Willecke, K. (2005). Emerging complexities in identity and function of glial connexins. Trends Neurosci. 28, 188-195. doi: 10. 1016/j. tins. 2005. 02. 006
    • (2005) Trends Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 188-195
    • Theis, M.1    Söhl, G.2    Eiberger, J.3    Willecke, K.4
  • 130
    • 1842664149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced survival, reinnervation, and functional recovery of intrastriatal dopamine grafts co-transplanted with Schwann cells overexpressing high molecular weight FGF-2 isoforms
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2004. 01. 013
    • Timmer, M., Muller-Ostermeyer, F., Kloth, V., Winkler, C., Grothe, C., and Nikkhah, G. (2004). Enhanced survival, reinnervation, and functional recovery of intrastriatal dopamine grafts co-transplanted with Schwann cells overexpressing high molecular weight FGF-2 isoforms. Exp. Neurol. 187, 118-136. doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2004. 01. 013
    • (2004) Exp. Neurol. , vol.187 , pp. 118-136
    • Timmer, M.1    Muller-Ostermeyer, F.2    Kloth, V.3    Winkler, C.4    Grothe, C.5    Nikkhah, G.6
  • 131
    • 84858060614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defense at the border: The blood-brain barrier versus bacterial foreigners
    • doi: 10. 2217/fmb. 12. 1
    • van Sorge, N. M., and Doran, K. S. (2012). Defense at the border: the blood-brain barrier versus bacterial foreigners. Future Microbiol. 7, 383-394. doi: 10. 2217/fmb. 12. 1
    • (2012) Future Microbiol. , vol.7 , pp. 383-394
    • van Sorge, N.M.1    Doran, K.S.2
  • 132
    • 79952451427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitophagy: The latest problem for Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. molmed. 2010. 11. 002
    • Vives-Bauza, C., and Przedborski, S. (2011). Mitophagy: the latest problem for Parkinson's disease. Trends Mol. Med. 17, 158-165. doi: 10. 1016/j. molmed. 2010. 11. 002
    • (2011) Trends Mol. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 158-165
    • Vives-Bauza, C.1    Przedborski, S.2
  • 133
    • 23044435896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: The revolution continues
    • doi: 10. 1038/nrn1722
    • Volterra, A., and Meldolesi, J. (2005). Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: the revolution continues. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 626-640. doi: 10. 1038/nrn1722
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 626-640
    • Volterra, A.1    Meldolesi, J.2
  • 134
    • 33745457691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1097/01. wnr. 0000215769. 71657. 65
    • Wada, K., Arai, H., Takanashi, M., Fukae, J., Oizumi, H., Yasuda, T., et al. (2006). Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 7, 705-709. doi: 10. 1097/01. wnr. 0000215769. 71657. 65
    • (2006) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 705-709
    • Wada, K.1    Arai, H.2    Takanashi, M.3    Fukae, J.4    Oizumi, H.5    Yasuda, T.6
  • 135
    • 79954616687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PARK6 PINK1 mutants are defective in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting ROS formation of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. bbadis. 2011. 03. 007
    • Wang, H. L., Chou, A. H., Wu, A. S., Chen, S. Y., Weng, Y. H., Kao, Y. C., et al. (2011). PARK6 PINK1 mutants are defective in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting ROS formation of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1812, 674-684. doi: 10. 1016/j. bbadis. 2011. 03. 007
    • (2011) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1812 , pp. 674-684
    • Wang, H.L.1    Chou, A.H.2    Wu, A.S.3    Chen, S.Y.4    Weng, Y.H.5    Kao, Y.C.6
  • 136
    • 57749193067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain endothelial cells and the glio-vascular complex
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00441-008-0658-9
    • Wolburg, H., Noell, S., Mack, A., Wolburg-Buchholz, K., and Fallier-Becker, P. (2009). Brain endothelial cells and the glio-vascular complex. Cell Tissue Res. 335, 75-96. doi: 10. 1007/s00441-008-0658-9
    • (2009) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.335 , pp. 75-96
    • Wolburg, H.1    Noell, S.2    Mack, A.3    Wolburg-Buchholz, K.4    Fallier-Becker, P.5
  • 137
  • 138
    • 8644246082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines, nitric oxide and cGMP modulate the permeability of an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2004. 08. 008
    • Wong, D., Dorovini-Zis, K., and Vincent, S. R. (2004). Cytokines, nitric oxide and cGMP modulate the permeability of an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier. Exp. Neurol. 190, 446-455. doi: 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2004. 08. 008
    • (2004) Exp. Neurol. , vol.190 , pp. 446-455
    • Wong, D.1    Dorovini-Zis, K.2    Vincent, S.R.3
  • 139
    • 79959999864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased brain injury and worsened neurological outcome in interleukin-4 knockout mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia
    • doi: 10. 1161/STROKEAHA. 110. 593772
    • Xiong, X., Barreto, G. E., Xu, L., Ouyang, Y. B., Xie, X., and Giffard, R. G. (2011). Increased brain injury and worsened neurological outcome in interleukin-4 knockout mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 42, 2026-2032. doi: 10. 1161/STROKEAHA. 110. 593772
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 2026-2032
    • Xiong, X.1    Barreto, G.E.2    Xu, L.3    Ouyang, Y.B.4    Xie, X.5    Giffard, R.G.6
  • 140
    • 77953218677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of growth factors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10. 1586/ern. 10. 55
    • Yasuda, T., and Mochizuki, H. (2010). Use of growth factors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev. Neurother. 10, 915-924. doi: 10. 1586/ern. 10. 55
    • (2010) Expert Rev. Neurother. , vol.10 , pp. 915-924
    • Yasuda, T.1    Mochizuki, H.2
  • 141
    • 84880155067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes pericyte coverage of brain capillaries, improves cerebral blood flow during subsequent focal cerebral ischemia and preserves the metabolic penumbra
    • doi: 10. 1161/STROKEAHA. 111. 000240
    • Zechariah, A., Elali, A., Doeppner, T. R., Jin, F., Hasan, M. R., Helfrich, I., et al. (2013). Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes pericyte coverage of brain capillaries, improves cerebral blood flow during subsequent focal cerebral ischemia and preserves the metabolic penumbra. Stroke 44, 1690-1697. doi: 10. 1161/STROKEAHA. 111. 000240
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1690-1697
    • Zechariah, A.1    Elali, A.2    Doeppner, T.R.3    Jin, F.4    Hasan, M.R.5    Helfrich, I.6
  • 142
    • 77951607442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of PDGF against oxidative stress and the signaling pathway involved
    • doi: 10. 1002/jnr. 22302
    • Zheng, L., Ishii, Y., Tokunaga, A., Hamashima, T., Shen, J., Zhao, Q. L., et al. (2010). Neuroprotective effects of PDGF against oxidative stress and the signaling pathway involved. J. Neurosci. Res. 88, 1273-1284. doi: 10. 1002/jnr. 22302
    • (2010) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 1273-1284
    • Zheng, L.1    Ishii, Y.2    Tokunaga, A.3    Hamashima, T.4    Shen, J.5    Zhao, Q.L.6
  • 143
    • 0037223147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuron-to-astrocyte signaling is central to the dynamic control of brain microcirculation
    • doi: 10. 1038/nn980
    • Zonta, M., Angulo, M. C., Gobbo, S., Rosengarten, B., Hossmann, K. A., Pozzan, T., et al. (2003). Neuron-to-astrocyte signaling is central to the dynamic control of brain microcirculation. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 43-50. doi: 10. 1038/nn980
    • (2003) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 43-50
    • Zonta, M.1    Angulo, M.C.2    Gobbo, S.3    Rosengarten, B.4    Hossmann, K.A.5    Pozzan, T.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.