Synthesis of atomically thin MoS2 triangles and hexagrams and their electrical transport properties

IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 749-754

  Ionescu, Robert ^a   Wang, Wei ^b   Chai, Yu ^b   Mutlu, Zafer ^b   Ruiz, Isaac ^b   Favors, Zachary ^b   Wickramaratne, Darshana ^b   Neupane, Mahesh ^b   Zavala, Lauro ^b   Lake, Roger ^b   Ozkan, Mihrimah ^a   Ozkan, Cengiz S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b University of California Riverside   (United States)

Author keywords

Ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD); chemical vapor deposition (CVD); cooperative nucleation; dichalcogenide; hydrothermal processing; photoluminescence (PL); Raman spectroscopy; regrowth; sulfurization

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS; FLOCCULATION; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; MONOLAYERS; MORPHOLOGY; NANOBELTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; VAPORS;

AMBIENT PRESSURE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITIONS; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITIONS (CVD); DICHALCOGENIDE; HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSING; REGROWTH; SULFURIZATION;

CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION;

EID: 84904288844     PISSN: 1536125X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2014.2319081     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. J. R. Kyle, A. Guvenc, W. Wang, M. Ghazinejad, J. Lin, S. Guo, C. S. Ozkan, and M. Ozkan, "Centimeter-scale high-resolution metrology of entire CVD-grown graphene sheets," Small, vol. 7, pp. 2599-2606, 2011.
2. J. Lin, J. Zhong, D. Bao, J. Reiber-Kyle, and W. Wang, "Supercapacitors based on pillared graphene nanostructures," J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., vol. 12, pp. 1770-1775, 2012.
3. S. Guo, M. Ghazinejad, X. Qin, H. Sun, W. Wang, F. Zaera, M. Ozkan, and C. S. Ozkan, "Tuning electron transport in graphene-based field-effect devices using block co-polymers," Small, vol. 8, pp. 1073-1080, 2012.
4. W. Wang, S. Guo, M. Penchev, I. Ruiz, K. N. Bozhilov, D. Yan, M. Ozkan, and C. S. Ozkan, "Three dimensional few layer graphene and carbon nanotube foam architectures for high fidelity supercapacitors," Nano Energy, vol. 2, pp. 294-303, 2013.
5. S. Lei, L. Ge, Z. Liu, S. Najmaei, G. Shi, G. You, J. Lou, R. Vajtai, and P. M. Ajayan, "Synthesis and photoresponse of large GaSe atomic layers," Nano Lett., vol. 13, pp. 2777-2781, 2013.
6. Y. Zhan, Z. Liu, S. Najmaei, P. M. Ajayan, and J. Lou, "Large-area vaporphase growth and characterization of MoS2 atomic layers on a SiO2 substrate," Small, vol. 8, pp. 966-971, 2012.
7. S. Najmaei, Z. Liu, W. Zhou, X. Zou, G. Shi, S. Lei, B. I. Yakobson, J. C. Idrobo, P. M. Ajayan, and J. Lou, "Vapour phase growth and grain boundary structure of molybdenum disulphide atomic layers," Nat. Mater., vol. 12, pp. 754-759, 2013.
8. 2," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 83, pp. 245213-1-245213-4, 2011.
9. 2 : A new direct-gap semiconductor," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 105, pp. 136805-1-136805-4, 2010.
10. A. M. Van Der Zande, P. Y. Huang, D. A. Chenet, T. C. Berkelbach, Y. You, G. H Lee, T. F. Heinz, D. R. Reichman, D. A. Muller, and J. C. Hone, "Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide," Nat. Mater., vol. 12, pp. 554-561, 2013.
11. H. Li, Z. Yin, Q. He, H. Li, X. Huang, G. Lu, D.W. H. Fam, A. I. Y. Tok, Q. Zhang, and H. Zhang, "Fabrication of single- and multilayer MoS2 film-based field-effect transistors for sensing NO at room temperature," Small, vol. 8, pp. 63-67, 2012.
12. B. Radisavljevic, A. Radenovic, J. Brivio, V. Giacometti, and A. Kis, "Single-layer MoS2 transistors," Nat. Nano., vol. 6, pp. 147-150, 2011.
13. S. Ghatak, A. N. Pal, and A. Ghosh, "Nature of electronic states in atomically thin MoS2 field-effect transistors," ACS Nano., vol. 5, pp. 7707-7712, 2011.
14. Z. Y. Zhu, Y. C. Cheng, and U. Schwingenschlögl, "Giant spin-orbitinduced spin splitting in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 84, pp. 153402-1-153402-5, 2011.
15. Q. H. Wang, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, A. Kis, J. N. Coleman, and M. S. Strano, "Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides," Nat. Nano., vol. 7, pp. 699-712, 2012.
16. H. Zeng, G. B. Liu, J. Dai, Y. Yan, B. Zhu, R. He, L. Xie, S. Xu, X. Chen, W. Yao, and X. Cui, "Optical signature of symmetry variations and spinvalley coupling in atomically thin tungsten dichalcogenides," Sci. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 1-5, 2013.
17. K. F. Mak, K. He, J. Shan, and T. F. Heinz, "Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity," Nat. Nano., vol. 7, pp. 494-498, 2012.
18. J. M. Yun, Y. J. Noh, J. S. Yeo, Y.-J. Go, S.-I. Na, H.-G. Jeong, J. Kim, S. Lee, S. S. Kim, H. Y. Koo, T. W. Kim, and D. Y. Kim, "Efficient workfunction engineering of solution-processedMoS2 thin-films for novel hole and electron transport layers leading to high-performance polymer solar cells," J. Mater. Chemistry C, vol. 1, pp. 3777-3783, 2013.
19. 2 transistorswith graphene electrodes," Small, vol. 9, pp. 3295-3300, 2013.
20. A. Ayari, E. Cobas, O. Ogundadegbe, and M. S. Fuhrer, "Realization and electrical characterization of ultrathin crystals of layered transition-metal dichalcogenides," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 101, pp. 014507-1-014507-5, 2007.
21. 2," Nano Lett., vol. 10, pp. 1271-1275, 2010.
22. Y.-H. Lee, X.-Q. Zhang, W. Zhang, M.-T. Chang, C.-T. Lin, K.-D. Chang, Y.-C. Yu, J. T.-W. Wang, C.-S. Chang, L.-J. Li, and T. W. Lin, "Synthesis of large-area MoS2 atomic layers with chemical vapor deposition," Ad. Mater., vol. 24, pp. 2320-2325, 2012.
23. K.-K. Liu, W. Zhang, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-C. Lin, M.-T. Chang, C.-Y. Su, C.-S. Chang, H. Li, Y. Shi, H. Zhang, C.-S. Lai, and L.-J. Li, "Growth of large-area and highly crystalline MoS2 thin layers on insulating substrates," Nano Lett., vol. 12, pp. 1538-1544, 2012.
24. Y. Shi, W. Zhou, A.-Y. Lu, W. Fang, Y.-H. Lee, A. L. Hsu, S. M. Kim, K. K. Kim, H. Y. Yang, L.-J. Li, J.-C. Idrobo, and J. Kong, "van derWaals epitaxy of MoS2 layers using graphene as growth templates," Nano Lett., vol. 12, pp. 2784-2791, 2012.
25. Z. Yin, H. Li, H. Li, L. Jiang, Y. Shi, Y. Sun, G. Lu, Q. Zhang, X. Chen, and H. Zhang, "Single-Layer MoS2 Phototransistors," ACS Nano, vol. 6, pp. 74-80, 2011.
26. H. Pan and Y. W. Zhang, "Edge-dependent structural, electronic and magnetic properties of MoS2 nanoribbons," J. Mater. Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 7280-7290, 2012.
27. H. Sinaim, D. J. Ham, J. S. Lee, A. Phuruangrat, S. Thongtem, and T. Thongtem, "Free-polymer controlling morphology of α-MoO3 nanobelts by a facile hydrothermal synthesis, their electrochemistry for hydrogen evolution reactions and optical properties," J. Alloys Compounds, vol. 516, pp. 172-188, 2012.
28. X. Yang, H. Tang, R. Zhang, H. Song, and K. Cao, "Synthesis of highquality crystalline α-MoO3 nanobelts," Crystal Res. Technol., vol. 46, pp. 409-412, 2011.
29. J. Jiang, J. Liu, S. Peng, D. Qian, D. Luo, Q. Wang, Z. Tian, and Y. Liu, "Facile synthesis of [small alpha]-MoO3 nanobelts and their pseudocapacitive behavior in an aqueous Li2SO4 solution," J. Mater. Chemistry A, vol. 1, pp. 2588-2594, 2013.
30. T. Siciliano, A. Tepore, E. Filippo, G. Micocci, and M. Tepore, "Characteristics of molybdenum trioxide nanobelts prepared by thermal evaporation technique," Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 114, pp. 5-5, 2009.
31. 3 nanowires in high yield," Chemistry, Lett., vol. 37, pp. 336-337, 2008.
32. P. Gouma, K. Kalyanasundaram, and A. Bishop, "Electrospun singlecrystal MoO3 nanowires for biochemistry sensing probes," J. Mater. Res., vol. 21, pp. 2904-2910, 2006. (Pubitemid 44816723)
33. J. Zhou, S. Z. Deng, N. S. Xu, J. Chen, and J. C. She, "Synthesis and field-emission properties of alignedMoO3 nanowires," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 83, pp. 2653-2655, 2003.
34. S. Hu, X. Ling, T. Lan, and X. Wang, "Cluster-based self-assembly route toward MoO3 single-walled nanotubes," Chemistry - A Eur. J., vol. 16, pp. 1889-1896, 2010.
35. H. X. Bai, X. H. Liu, and Y. C. Zhang, "Synthesis of MoO3 nanoplates from a metallorganic molecular precursor," Mater. Lett., vol. 63, pp. 100-102, 2009.
36. J. S. Chen, Y. L. Cheah, S. Madhavi, and X. W. Lou, "Fast synthesis of α- MoO3 nanorods with controlled aspect ratios and their enhanced lithium storage capabilities," J. Phys. Chemistry C, vol. 114, pp. 8675-8678, 2010.
37. X. W. Lou and H. C. Zeng, "Hydrothermal synthesis of α-MoO3 nanorods via acidification of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate," Chemistry Mater., vol. 14, pp. 4781-4789, 2002.
38. X. L. Li, J. F. Liu, and Y. D. Li, "Low-temperature synthesis of large-scale single-crystal molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanobelts," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 81, pp. 4832-4834, 2002.
39. I. Shakir, M. Shahid, H. W. Yang, and D. J. Kang, "Structural and electrochemical characterization of α-MoO3 nanorod-based electrochemical energy storage devices," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 56, pp. 376-380, 2010.
40. L. Zhou, L. Yang, P. Yuan, J. Zou, Y. Wu, and C. Yu, "α-MoO3 nanobelts: A high performance cathode material for lithium ion batteries," J. Phys. Chemistry C, vol. 114, pp. 21868-21872, 2010.
41. A. Zak, Y. Feldman, V. Alperovich, R. Rosentsveig, and R. Tenne, "Growth mechanism of MoS2 fullerene-like nanoparticles by gas-phase synthesis," J. Am. Chemical Soc., vol. 122, pp. 11108-11116, 2000.
42. Y. Feldman, G. L. Frey, M. Homyonfer, V. Lyakhovitskaya, L. Margulis, H. Cohen, G. Hodes, J. L. Hutchison, and R. Tenne, "Bulk synthesis of inorganic fullerene-like MS2 (M = Mo, W) from the respective trioxides and the reaction mechanism," J. Am. Chemical Soc., vol. 118, pp. 5362-5367, 1996.
43. Y. Feldman, V. Lyakhovitskaya, and R. Tenne, "Kinetics of nested inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticle formation," J. Am. Chemical Soc., vol. 120, pp. 4176-4183, 1998. (Pubitemid 28248340)
44. X. L. Li and Y. D. Li, "Formation of MoS2 inorganic fullerenes (IFs) by the reaction of MoO3 nanobelts and S," Chemistry - A Eur. J., vol. 9, pp. 2726-2731, 2003.
45. T. Weber, J. C. Muijsers, J. H. M. C. Van Wolput, C. P. J. Verhagen, and J. W. Niemantsverdriet, "Basic reaction steps in the sulfidation of crystalline MoO3 to MoS2, as studied by X-ray photoelectron and infrared emission spectroscopy," J. Phys. Chemistry, vol. 100, pp. 14144-14150, 1996. (Pubitemid 126788460)
46. Y. Mastai, M. Homyonfer, A. Gedanken, and G. Hodes, "Room temperature sonoelectrochemical synthesis of molybdenum sulfide fullerene-like nanoparticles," Ad. Mater., vol. 11, pp. 1010-1013, 1999.
47. B. Chakraborty, H. S. S. R. Matte, A. K. Sood, and C. N. R. Rao, "Layerdependent resonant Raman scattering of a few layer MoS2," J. Raman Spectroscopy, vol. 44, pp. 92-92, 2013.
48. 2," AIP Advances, vol. 3, pp. 052111-1-052111-6, 2013.
49. 2 films," Sci. Rep., vol. 3, pp. 1-6, 2013.
50. S. Grimme, "Semiempirical hybrid density functional with perturbative second-order correlation," J. Chemical Phys., vol. 124, pp. 1-16, 2006. (Pubitemid 43133751)
51. H. R. Gutierrez, "Extraordinary room-temperature photoluminescence in triangular WS2 monolayers," Nano Lett., pp. 3447-3454, 2012.
52. 2 field-effect transistors and the effect of ambient on their performances," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 100, pp. 123104-1-123104-4, 2012.
53. S. Das, H. Y. Chen, A.V. Penumatcha, and J. Appenzeller, "High performance multi-layer MoS2 transistors with scandium contacts," Nano Lett., vol. 13, pp. 100-105, 2013.