Dietary free amino acids and the gastric phase of digestion

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 20, Issue 16, 2014, Pages 2731-2737

  Zolotarev, Vasiliy A ^a  

^a PAVLOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Dietary free amino acids; G protein coupled receptors; Gastric secretion and motility; Gastrin; Glutamate; Somatostatin; Vagus

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GLUTAMIC ACID; NITRIC OXIDE; SEROTONIN; PROTEIN INTAKE; SEROTONIN 3 RECEPTOR;

AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CATABOLISM; DIGESTION; ENERGY RESOURCE; ENTEROENDOCRINE CELL; GASTRIN CELL; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; INTESTINE CELL; NERVE TRACT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS; PROTEIN INTAKE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOMATOSTATIN CELL; STOMACH MOTILITY; STOMACH MUCOSA; STOMACH SECRETION; ANIMAL; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; SECRETION (PROCESS); STOMACH;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMALS; DIETARY PROTEINS; DIGESTION; GASTRIC MUCOSA; GLUTAMIC ACID; HUMANS; RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN, 5-HT3; STOMACH;

EID: 84903707477     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990581     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Feldman M. Gastric secretion. In: Slesinger MH and Fordtran JS. Eds. Gastrointestinal Disease. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company 1983; pp. 541-58.
2. Allen A. Gastrointestinal mucus. In: Schultz SG. Ed. Gastrointestinal system. Vol. III. Mariland: Bethesda 1989; pp. 359-82.
3. Harper AE, Peters JC. Protein intake, brain amino acid and serotonin concentrations and protein self-selection. J Nutr 1989; 119: 677-89.
4. Tome D. Protein, amino acids and the control of food intake. Br J Nutr 2004; 92(Suppl 1): S27-30.
5. Schiffman SS, Sennewald K, Gagnon J. Comparison of taste qualities and thresholds of D and L-amino acids. Physiol Behav 1981; 27: 51-9.
6. Sternini C, Anselmi L, Rozengurt E. Enteroendocrine cells: a site of 'taste' in gastrointestinal chemosensing. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15(1): 73-8.
7. Dockray GJ. Luminal sensing in the gut: an overview. J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 54(Suppl 4): 9-17.
8. Wellendorph P, Johansen LD, Bräuner-Osborne H. Molecular pharmacology of promiscuous seven transmembrane receptors sensing organic nutrients. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76(3): 453-65.
9. Frauli M, Neuville P, Vol C, Pin JP, Prézeau L. Among the twenty classical L-amino acids, only glutamate directly activates metabotropic glutamate receptors. Neuropharmacology 2006; 50(2): 245-53.
10. Mori M, Kawada T, Ono T, Torii K. Taste preference and protein nutrition and L-amino acid homeostasis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 1991, 49: 987-95.
11. Smriga M, Torii K. Release of hypothalamic norepinephrine during MSG intake in rats fed normal and nonprotein diet. Physiol Behav 2000; 70: 413-5.
12. Kondoh T, Mori M, Ono T, Torii K. Mechanisms of umami taste preference and aversion in rats. J Nutr 2000; 130(Suppl 4S): 966S-970S.
13. Beyreuther K, Biesalski HK, Fernstrom JD, et al. Consensus meeting: monosodium glutamate-an update. European J Clin Nutrition 2007; 61: 304-13.
14. Jinap S, Hajeb P. Glutamate. Its applications in food and contribution to health. Appetite 2010; 55(1): 1-10.
15. Walker R, Lupien JR. The safety evaluation of monosodium glutamate. J Nutr 2000; 130(Suppl 4S): 1049S-52S.
16. Kageyama T. Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002; 59: 288-306.
17. Giacometti T. Free and bound glutamate in natural products. In: Filer LJ Jr, Garattini MR, Kare MR, Reynolds WA, Wurtman RJ. Eds. Glutamic acid: advances in biochemistry and physiology. New York: Raven Press; 1979; pp. 25-34.
18. Ninomija K. Natural occurrence. Food Rev Int 1998; 14: 177-211.
19. Rhodes J, Titherley AC, Norman JA, Wood R, Lord DW. A survey of the monosodium glutamate content in foods and an estimation of the dietary intake of monosodium glutamate. Food Add Contam 1991; 8: 663-72.
20. Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F. Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr 2000; 130(4S Suppl): 978S-82S.
21. Young VR, Ajami AM: Glutamate: an amino acid of particular distinction. J Nutr 130 2000; 130(Suppl 4S): 892S-900S.
22. Kochetkov AM, Shlygin GK, Loranskaya TI, Vasilevskaia LS, Kondrashev SYu. Utilization of monosodium glutamate in combined therapy of atrophic gastritis. Vopr Pitan 1992; 5-6: 19-22.
23. Shirina LI. A study of lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic gastritis during administration of a food additive monosodium glutamate. Vopr Pitan 1996; 4: 34-36.
24. Yamamoto S, Tomoe M, Toyama K, Kawai M, Uneyama H. Can dietary supplementation of monosodium glutamate improve the health of the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 844S-849S.
25. Berseth CL. Feeding strategies and necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2005; 17(2): 170-3.
26. Neu J, Zhang L. Feeding intolerance in very-low-birthweight infants: what is it and what can we do about it? Acta Paediatr Suppl 2005; 94(449): 93-9.
27. Zai H, Kusano M, Hosaka H et al. Monosodium L-glutamate added to a high-energy, high-protein liquid diet promotes gastric emptying. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(1): 431-5.
28. Adibi SA, Mercer DW. Protein digestion in human intestine as reflected in luminal, mucosal, and plasma amino acid concentrations after meals. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 1586-94.
29. Battezzati A, Brillon DJ, Matthews DE. Oxidation of glutamic acid by the splanchnic bed in humans. Am J Physiol 1995; 269(2 Pt 1): E269-76.
30. Haÿs SP, Ordonez JM, Burrin DG, Sunehag AL. Dietary glutamate is almost entirely removed in its first pass through the splanchnic bed in premature infants. Pediatr Res 2007; 62(3): 353-6.
31. Blachier F, Guihot-Joubrel G, Vaugelade P et al. Portal hyperglutamatemia after dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate in pigs. Digestion 1999; 60(4): 349-57.
32. Janeczko MJ, Stoll B, Chang X, Guan X, Burrin DG. Extensive gut metabolism limits the intestinal absorption of excessive supplemental dietary glutamate loads in infant pigs. J Nutr 2007; 137: 2384-90.
33. Forslund AH, Hambraeus L, van Beurden H et al. Inverse relationship between protein intake and plasma free amino acids in healthy men at physical exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 278(5): E857-67.
34. Daabees TT, Andersen DW, Zike WL, Filer L J Jr, Stegink LD. Effect of meal components on peripheral and portal plasma glutamate levels in young pigs administered large doses of monosodium-L-glutamate. Metabolism 1984; 33(1): 58-67.
35. Burrin DG, Stoll B. Metabolic fate and function of dietary glutamate in the gut. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90(3): 850S-856S.
36. Howell JA, Matthews AD, Swanson KC, Harmon DL, Matthews JC. Molecular identification of high-affinity glutamate transporters in sheep and cattle forestomach, intestine, liver, kidney, and pancreas. J Anim Sci 2001; 79(5): 1329-36.
37. Nakamura E, Hasumura M, San Gabriel A, Uneyama H, Torii K. New frontiers in gut nutrient sensor research: luminal glutamatesensing cells in rat gastric mucosa. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112(1):13-8.
38. Iwanaga T, Goto M, Watanabe M. Cellular distribution of glutamate transporters in the gastrointestinal tract of mice: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization approach. Biomed Res 2005; 26(6): 271-8.
39. Kirchhoff P, Dave MH, Remy C et al. An amino acid transporter involved in gastric acid secretion. Pflugers Arch 2006; 451(6): 738-48
40. Bezençon C, le Coutre J, Damak S. Taste-signaling proteins are coexpressed in solitary intestinal epithelial cells. Chem Senses 2007; 32(1): 41-9
41. Haid D, Widmayer P, Breer H. Nutrient sensing receptors in gastric endocrine cells. J Mol Histol 2011; 42(4): 355-64.
42. San Gabriel AM, Maekawa T, Uneyama H, Yoshie S, Torii K. mGluR1 in the fundic glands of rat stomach. FEBS Lett 2007; 581: 1119-23.
43. Sothilingam V, Hass N, Breer H. Candidate chemosensory cells in the stomach mucosa of young postnatal mice during the phases of dietary changes. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 344(2): 239-49.
44. Haid DC, Jordan-Biegger C, Widmayer P, Breer H. Receptors responsive to protein breakdown products in G-cells and D-cells of mouse, swine and human. Front Physiol 2012; 3: 65. Available from: doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00065
45. Rozengurt E. Taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. I. Bitter taste receptors and alpha-gustducin in the mammalian gut. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291(2): G171-7.
46. Widmayer P, Küper M, Kramer M, Königsrainer A, Breer H. Altered expression of gustatory-signaling elements in gastric tissue of morbidly obese patients. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; Available from: doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.216.
47. Kidd M, Hauso Ø, Drozdov I, Gustafsson BI, Modlin IM. Delineation of the chemomechanosensory regulation of gastrin secretion using pure rodent G cells. Gastroenterology 2009; 137(1): 231-41.
48. Remy C, Kirchhoff P, Hafner P et al. Stimulatory pathways of the Calcium-sensing receptor on acid secretion in freshly isolated human gastric glands. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 19(1-4): 33-42.
49. Hass N, Schwarzenbacher K, Breer H. A cluster of gustducinexpressing cells in the mouse stomach associated with two distinct populations of enteroendocrine cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2007; 128(5): 457-71.
50. 2+-sensing receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97(9): 4814-9.
51. Brown EM, MacLeod RJ. Extracellular calcium sensing and extracellular calcium signaling. Physiol Rev 2001; 81(1): 239-97
52. Quinn SJ, Kifor O, Trivedi S, Diaz R, Vassilev P, Brown E. Sodium and ionic strength sensing by the calcium receptor. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 19579-86.
53. Quinn SJ, Bai M, Brown EM. pH Sensing by the calcium-sensing receptor. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 37241-9.
54. Conigrave AD, Franks AH, Brown EM, Quinn SJ. L-amino acid sensing by the calcium-sensing receptor: a general mechanism for coupling protein and calcium metabolism? Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56: 1072-80.
55. Ray JM, Squires PE, Curtis SB, Meloche MR, Buchan AM. Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor on human antral gastrin cells in culture. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:2328-33.
56. Buchan AM, Squires PE, Ring M, Meloche RM. Mechanism of action of the calcium-sensing receptor in human antral gastrin cells. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1128-39.
57. 2+-sensing receptor in normal human gastric mucous epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1999; 277(3 Pt 1): G662-70.
58. Geibel JP, Wagner CA, Caroppo R et al. The stomach divalent ionsensing receptor scar is a modulator of gastric acid secretion. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 39549-52.
59. Cheng I, Qureshi I, Chattopadhyay N et al. Expression of an extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in rat stomach. Gastroenterology 1999; 116(1): 118-26.
60. 2+ in intact polarized epithelia. EMBO J 2001; 20: 6316-26.
61. Nelson G, Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA et al. An amino-acid taste receptor. Nature 2002; 416 (6877): 199-202.
62. Li X, Staszewski L, Xu H, Durick K, Zoller M, Adler E. Human receptors for sweet and umami taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 4692-6.
63. Niijima A. Reflex effects of oral, gastrointestinal and hepatoportal glutamate sensors on vagal nerve activity. J Nutr 2000; 130(4S Suppl): 971S-3S.
64. Uneyama H, Niijima A, San Gabriel A, Torii K. Luminal amino acid sensing in the rat gastric mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291(6): G1163-70.
65. Kitamura A, Sato W, Uneyama H, Torii K, Niijima A. Effects of intragastric infusion of inosine monophosphate and L-glutamate on vagal gastric afferent activity and subsequent autonomic reflexes. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61(1): 65-71.
66. Niijima A, Meguid MM. An electrophysiological study on amino acid sensors in the hepato-portal system in the rat. Obes Res 1995; 3(Suppl 5): 741S-5S.
67. Tanida M, Satomi J. Effects of intragastric injection of glutamate on efferent sympathetic nerve activity in rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 491(3): 211-5.
68. Iijima J, Horie S, Hasegawa R, Yasui H, Takami S. Immunohistochemical and morphologic basis for glutamate signaling in the rat stomach. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31(10): 1838-40.
69. Horn CC, Murat C, Rosazza M, Still L. Effects of gastric distension and infusion of umami and bitter taste stimuli on vagal afferent activity. Brain Res 2011; 1419: 53-60.
70. Kuang D, Yao Y, Lam J, Tsushima RG, Hampson DR. Cloning and characterization of a family C orphan G-protein coupled receptor. J Neurochem 2005; 93(2): 383-91.
71. Wellendorph P, Burhenne N, Christiansen B, Walter B, Schmale H, Bräuner-Osborne H. The rat GPRC6A: cloning and characterization. Gene 2007; 396(2): 257-67.
72. Wellendorph P, Hansen KB, Balsgaard A, Greenwood JR, Egebjerg J, Bräuner-Osborne H. Deorphanization of GPRC6A: a promiscuous L-alpha-amino acid receptor with preference for basic amino acids. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 67(3): 589-97.
73. Christiansen B, Hansen KB, Wellendorph P, Bräuner-Osborne H. Pharmacological characterization of mouse GPRC6A, an L-α-amino-acid receptor modulated by divalent cations. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150(6): 798-807.
74. Choi S, Lee M, Shiu AL, Yo SJ, Aponte GW. Identification of a protein hydrolysate responsive G protein-coupled receptor in enterocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007: 292(1), G98-G112.
75. Konturek SJ, Tasler J, Cieszkowski M, Dobrzańska M, Wünsch E. Stimulation of gastrin release and gastric secretion by amino acids bathing pyloric gland area. Am J Physiol 1977; 233(3): E170-4.
76. Aono M, Moriga M, Uchino H. Effect of topical application of amino acids on gastric pepsin secretion in the rat. Gastroenterol Jpn 1981; 16(2): 100-9.
77. Strunz UT, Walsh JH, Grossman MI. Stimulation of gastrin release in dogs by individual amino acids. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1978; 157(3): 440-1.
78. Taylor IL, Byrne WJ, Christie DL, Ament ME, Walsh JH. Effect of individual L-amino acids on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release in humans. Gastroenterology 1982; 83(1 Pt 2): 273-8.
79. Fujita T, Kobayashi S. Structure and function of gut endocrine cells. Int Rev Cytol Suppl 1977; (6): 187-233.
80. Mortensen NJ. The anatomy of the gastrin cell. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1980; 62(6): 462-9.
81. Reeder DD, Conlee JL, Thompson JC. Calcium carbonate antacid and serum gastrin concentration in duodenal ulcer. Surg Forum 1971; 22: 308-10.
82. Barreras RF, Donaldson RM Jr. Effects of induced hypercalcemia on human gastric secretion. Gastroenterology 1967; 52(4): 670-5.
83. Ceglia L, Harris SS, Rasmussen HM, Dawson-Hughes B. Activation of the calcium sensing receptor stimulates gastrin and gastric acid secretion in healthy participants. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20(1): 71-8.
84. DelValle J, Yamada T. Amino acids and amines stimulate gastrin release from canine antral G-cells via different pathways. J Clin Invest 1990; 85(1): 139-43.
85. Dufner MM, Kirchhoff P, Remy C et al. The calcium-sensing receptor acts as a modulator of gastric acid secretion in freshly isolated human gastric glands. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 289(6): G1084-90.
86. Busque SM, Kerstetter JE, Geibel JP, Insogna K. L-type amino acids stimulate gastric acid secretion by activation of the calciumsensing receptor in parietal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 289(4): G664-9.
87. Spielman A. Interaction of saliva and taste. J Dent Res 1990; 69: 838-43.
88. Raybould H: Visceral perception: sensory transduction in visceral afferents and nutrients. Gut 2002; 51(Suppl 1): 11-4.
89. Rymshina MV, Vasilevskaja LS. The characteristics of the action of Khi-Mi on gastric and hepatic secretion. Vopr Pitan 1996; 1: 9-11.
90. Ohara I, Otsuka S, Yugari Y. Cephalic phase response of pancreatic exocrine secretion in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 1988; 254(3 Pt 1): G424-8.
91. Graham T, Sgro V, Friars D, Gibala M. Glutamate ingestion: the plasma and muscle free amino acid pools of resting humans. Am J Physiol 2000; 278 (1): E83-9.
92. Vasilevskaia L, Rymshina M, Shlygin G. Effect of glutamate and combined with inosine monophosphate on gastric secretion. Vopr Pitan 1993; 3: 29-33.
93. Goldschmiedt M, Redfern JS, Feldman M. Food coloring and monosodium glutamate: effects on the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51(5): 794-7.
94. Powers MA, Schiffman SS, Lawson DC, Pappas TN, Taylor IL. The effect of taste on gastric and pancreatic responses in dogs. Physiol Behav 1990; 47: 1295-7.
95. Khropycheva R, Andreeva J, Uneyama H, Torii K, Zolotarev V. Dietary glutamate signal evokes gastric juice excretion in dogs. Digestion 2011; 83(Suppl 1): 7-12.
96. Boutry C, Matsumoto H, Airinei G et al. Monosodium glutamate raises antral distension and plasma amino acid after a standard meal in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300(1): G137-45.
97. Toyomasu Y, Mochiki E, Yanai M et al. Intragastric monosodium L-glutamate stimulates motility of upper gut via vagus nerve in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298(4): R1125-35.
98. Chiba T, Yamada T. Gut somatostatin. In: Walsh JH, Dockray GJ. Eds. Gut peptides: biochemistry and physiology. New York: Raven press 1994; pp.123-45.
99. Schubert ML. Gastric secretion. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2005; 21: 636-43.
100. Smedh U, Kaplan JM, Bjorkstrand E, Uvnas-Moberg K. Dual effects of somatostatin analog octreotide on gastric emptying during and after intragastric fill. Am J Physiol 1999; 277(5 Pt 2): R1291-6.
101. Saffouri B, DuVal JW, Makhlouf GM. Stimulation of gastrin secretion in vitro by intraluminal chemicals: regulation by intramural cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons. Gastroenterology 1984; 87, 557-61.
102. Nakamura E, Hasumura M, Uneyama H, Torii K. Luminal amino acid-sensing cells in gastric mucosa. Digestion 2011; 83(Suppl 1): 13-8.
103. Date Y, Nakazato M, Murakami N, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Matsukura S. Ghrelin acts in the central nervous system to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280: 904-7.
104. Edholm T, Levin F, Hellstrom PM, Schmidt PT. Ghrelin stimulates motility in the small intestine of rats through intrinsic cholinergic neurons. Regul Pept 2004; 121: 25-30.
105. Masuda Y, Tanaka T, Inomata N et al. Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276: 905-8
106. Wang JH, Inoue T, Higashiyama M et al. Umami receptor activation increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion via glucagon-like peptide-2 release in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339(2): 464-73.
107. Wettergren A, Wojdemann M, Meisner S, Stadil F, Holst JJ. The inhibitory effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 7-36 amide on gastric acid secretion in humans depends on an intact vagal innervation. Gut 1997; 40: 597-601.
108. Marathe CS, Rayner CK, Jones KL, Horowitz M. Effects of GLP-1 and incretin-based therapies on gastrointestinal motor function. Exp Diabetes Res 2011; 2011: 279530. Available from: doi: 10.1155/2011/279530.
109. Tsai LH, Huang LR, Chen SH, Liu HJ, Chou LS. Effects of Lglutamic acid on acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in the rat stomach. Chin J Physiol 1999; 42(3): 181-7.