메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 885-899

Nucleic acid vaccines: Prospects for non-viral delivery of mRNA vaccines

Author keywords

Delivery system; Mode of action; mRNA; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; BETA INTERFERON; LIPOPLEX; LIPOSOME; MESSENGER RNA VACINE; NANOCARRIER; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 8; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VACCINE;

EID: 84901249588     PISSN: 17425247     EISSN: 17447593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.901308     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (138)

References (118)
  • 2
    • 84878356025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerating next-generation vaccine development for global disease prevention
    • Koff WC, Burton DR, Johnson PR, et al. Accelerating next-generation vaccine development for global disease prevention. Science 2013;340:1232910
    • (2013) Science , vol.340 , pp. 1232910
    • Koff, W.C.1    Burton, D.R.2    Johnson, P.R.3
  • 3
    • 77958469466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic basis of vaccine vectors
    • Liu MA. Immunologic basis of vaccine vectors. Immunity 2010;33:504-15
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.33 , pp. 504-515
    • Liu, M.A.1
  • 4
    • 79960750673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of DNA vaccines: Current progress
    • Ferraro B, Morrow MP, Hutnick NA, et al. Clinical applications of DNA vaccines: Current progress. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:296-302
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53 , pp. 296-302
    • Ferraro, B.1    Morrow, M.P.2    Hutnick, N.A.3
  • 5
    • 78650573649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA vaccines: An historical perspective and view to the future
    • Liu MA. DNA vaccines: An historical perspective and view to the future. Immunol Rev 2011;239:62-84
    • (2011) Immunol Rev , vol.239 , pp. 62-84
    • Liu, M.A.1
  • 7
    • 84882259948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA: The new revolution in nucleic acid vaccines
    • Geall AJ, Mandl CW, Ulmer JB. RNA: The new revolution in nucleic acid vaccines. Semin Immunol 2013;25:152-9
    • (2013) Semin Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 152-159
    • Geall, A.J.1    Mandl, C.W.2    Ulmer, J.B.3
  • 8
    • 84885113945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anovel, disruptive vaccination technology: Self-Adjuvanted RNActive vaccines
    • Kallen KJ, Heidenreich R, Schnee M, et al. A novel, disruptive vaccination technology: Self-Adjuvanted RNActive vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013;9:2263-76
    • (2013) Hum Vaccin Immunother , vol.9 , pp. 2263-2276
    • Kallen, K.J.1    Heidenreich, R.2    Schnee, M.3
  • 9
    • 3442896311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messenger RNA-based vaccines
    • Pascolo S. Messenger RNA-based vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004;4:1285-94
    • (2004) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.4 , pp. 1285-1294
    • Pascolo, S.1
  • 10
    • 39349103969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA
    • Pascolo S. Vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008;183:221-35
    • (2008) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.183 , pp. 221-235
    • Pascolo, S.1
  • 11
    • 84888436279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges and advances towards the rational design of mRNA vaccines
    • Pollard C, De Koker S, Saelens X, et al. Challenges and advances towards the rational design of mRNA vaccines. Trends Mol Med 2013;19:705-13
    • (2013) Trends Mol Med , vol.19 , pp. 705-713
    • Pollard, C.1    De Koker, S.2    Saelens, X.3
  • 12
    • 0025231388 scopus 로고
    • Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo
    • Wolff JA, Malone RW, Williams P, et al. Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Science 1990;247:1465-8
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 1465-1468
    • Wolff, J.A.1    Malone, R.W.2    Williams, P.3
  • 13
    • 84875202495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-based vaccination: Sending a strong message
    • Weiner DB. RNA-based vaccination: Sending a strong message. Mol Ther 2013;21:506-8
    • (2013) Mol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 506-508
    • Weiner, D.B.1
  • 14
    • 38349100453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic antibodies for specific recognition and crystallization of structured RNA
    • Ye JD, Tereshko V, Frederiksen JK, et al. Synthetic antibodies for specific recognition and crystallization of structured RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:82-7
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 82-87
    • Ye, J.D.1    Tereshko, V.2    Frederiksen, J.K.3
  • 16
    • 84255197842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer immunotherapy comes of age
    • Mellman I, Coukos G, Dranoff G. Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature 2011;480:480-9
    • (2011) Nature , vol.480 , pp. 480-489
    • Mellman, I.1    Coukos, G.2    Dranoff, G.3
  • 17
    • 84858780815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer immunotherapy via dendritic cells
    • Palucka K, Banchereau J. Cancer immunotherapy via dendritic cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:265-77
    • (2012) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 265-277
    • Palucka, K.1    Banchereau, J.2
  • 18
    • 84874724470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mrna: From a chemical blueprint for protein production to an off-The-shelf therapeutic
    • Van Lint S, Heirman C, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. mRNA: From a chemical blueprint for protein production to an off-The-shelf therapeutic. Hum Vaccines Immunother 2013;9:265-74
    • (2013) Hum Vaccines Immunother , vol.9 , pp. 265-274
    • Van Lint, S.1    Heirman, C.2    Thielemans, K.3    Breckpot, K.4
  • 19
    • 79955630348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering dendritic cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy
    • Boudreau JE, Bonehill A, Thielemans K, Wan Y. Engineering dendritic cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2011;19:841-53
    • (2011) Mol Ther , vol.19 , pp. 841-853
    • Boudreau, J.E.1    Bonehill, A.2    Thielemans, K.3    Wan, Y.4
  • 20
    • 13644263475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploiting dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy: Genetic modification of dendritic cells
    • DOI 10.1002/jgm.615
    • Breckpot K, Heirman C, Neyns B, Thielemans K. Exploiting dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy: Genetic modification of dendritic cells. J Gene Med 2004;6:1175-88 (Pubitemid 40228129
    • (2004) Journal of Gene Medicine , vol.6 , Issue.11 , pp. 1175-1188
    • Breckpot, K.1    Heirman, C.2    Neyns, B.3    Thielemans, K.4
  • 22
    • 84865994357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonviral delivery of self-Amplifying RNA vaccines
    • Geall AJ, Verma A, Otten GR, et al. Nonviral delivery of self-Amplifying RNA vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:14604-9
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.109 , pp. 14604-14609
    • Geall, A.J.1    Verma, A.2    Otten, G.R.3
  • 23
    • 84867868500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by the untranslated gene regions and other non-coding elements
    • Barrett LW, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by the untranslated gene regions and other non-coding elements. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012;69:3613-34
    • (2012) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.69 , pp. 3613-3634
    • Barrett, L.W.1    Fletcher, S.2    Wilton, S.D.3
  • 24
    • 64749099749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of 5¢- and 3¢-untranslated regions of mRNAs in human Diseases
    • Chatterjee S, Pal JK. Role of 5¢- And 3¢-untranslated regions of mRNAs in human Diseases. Biol Cell 2009;101:251-62
    • (2009) Biol Cell , vol.101 , pp. 251-262
    • Chatterjee, S.1    Pal, J.K.2
  • 25
    • 12344281782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of structured 5′ untranslated regions on translation and disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2004.11.006, PII S1084952104001107, Protein Synthesis in Health and Disease
    • Pickering BM, Willis AE. The implications of structured 5¢ untranslated regions on translation and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2005;16:39-47 (Pubitemid 40126875
    • (2005) Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-47
    • Pickering, B.M.1    Willis, A.E.2
  • 26
    • 0029165020 scopus 로고
    • Mrna stability in mammalian cells
    • Ross J. mRNA stability in mammalian cells. Microbiol Rev 1995;59:423-50
    • (1995) Microbiol Rev , vol.59 , pp. 423-450
    • Ross, J.1
  • 27
    • 0032834055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eif4 initiation factors: Effectors of mRNA recruitment to ribosomes and regulators of translation
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.913
    • Gingras AC, Raught B, Sonenberg N. eIF4 initiation factors: Effectors of mRNA recruitment to ribosomes and regulators of translation. Annu Rev Biochem 1999;68:913-63 (Pubitemid 29449212
    • (1999) Annual Review of Biochemistry , vol.68 , pp. 913-963
    • Gingras, A.-C.1    Raught, B.2    Sonenberg, N.3
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0034469508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alphavirus vectors: Applications for DNA vaccine production and gene expression
    • DOI 10.1159/000053992
    • Lundstrom K. Alphavirus vectors: Applications for DNA vaccine production and gene expression. Intervirology 2000;43:247-57 (Pubitemid 32225696
    • (2000) Intervirology , vol.43 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 247-257
    • Lundstrom, K.1
  • 31
    • 0035289225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alphavirus vectors: Development and potential therapeutic applications
    • Schlesinger S. Alphavirus vectors: Development and potential therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2001;1:177-91 (Pubitemid 33770075
    • (2001) Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-191
    • Schlesinger, S.1
  • 32
    • 0032965983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-viral amplification systems for gene transfer: Vectors based on alphaviruses
    • Smerdou C, Liljestrom P. Non-viral amplification systems for gene transfer: Vectors based on alphaviruses. Curr Opin Mol Ther 1999;1:244-51 (Pubitemid 29238428
    • (1999) Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-251
    • Smerdou, C.1    Liljestrom, P.2
  • 33
    • 84863549346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of interference with immunogenicity of a chimeric alphavirus replicon particlebased influenza vaccine by preexisting antivector immunity
    • Uematsu Y, Vajdy M, Lian Y, et al. Lack of interference with immunogenicity of a chimeric alphavirus replicon particlebased influenza vaccine by preexisting antivector immunity. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012;19:991-8
    • (2012) Clin Vaccine Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 991-998
    • Uematsu, Y.1    Vajdy, M.2    Lian, Y.3
  • 34
    • 44949195901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the first phase I/II clinical vaccination trial with direct injection of mRNA
    • Weide B, Carralot JP, Reese A, et al. Results of the first phase I/II clinical vaccination trial with direct injection of mRNA. J Immunother 2008;31:180-8
    • (2008) J Immunother , vol.31 , pp. 180-188
    • Weide, B.1    Carralot, J.P.2    Reese, A.3
  • 35
    • 67651152679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct injection of protamine-protected mRNA: Results of a phase 1/ 2 vaccination trial in metastatic melanoma patients
    • Weide B, Pascolo S, Scheel B, et al. Direct injection of protamine-protected mRNA: Results of a phase 1/ 2 vaccination trial in metastatic melanoma patients. J Immunother 2009;32:498-507
    • (2009) J Immunother , vol.32 , pp. 498-507
    • Weide, B.1    Pascolo, S.2    Scheel, B.3
  • 36
    • 79955630363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradermal vaccinations with RNA coding for TAA generate CD8+ and CD4+ immune responses and induce clinical benefit in vaccinated patients
    • Rittig SM, Haentschel M, Weimer KJ, et al. Intradermal vaccinations with RNA coding for TAA generate CD8+ and CD4+ immune responses and induce clinical benefit in vaccinated patients. Mol Ther 2011;19:990-9
    • (2011) Mol Ther , vol.19 , pp. 990-999
    • Rittig, S.M.1    Haentschel, M.2    Weimer, K.J.3
  • 37
    • 84862891254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect
    • Fotin-Mleczek M, Zanzinger K, Heidenreich R, et al. Highly potent mRNA based cancer vaccines represent an attractive platform for combination therapies supporting an improved therapeutic effect. J Gene Med 2012;14:428-39
    • (2012) J Gene Med , vol.14 , pp. 428-439
    • Fotin-Mleczek, M.1    Zanzinger, K.2    Heidenreich, R.3
  • 38
    • 70649091049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, Phase 1 trial of an alphavirus replicon vaccine for cytomegalovirus in CMV seronegative adult volunteers
    • Bernstein DI, Reap EA, Katen K, et al. Randomized, double-blind, Phase 1 trial of an alphavirus replicon vaccine for cytomegalovirus in CMV seronegative adult volunteers. Vaccine 2009;28:484-93
    • (2009) Vaccine , vol.28 , pp. 484-493
    • Bernstein, D.I.1    Reap, E.A.2    Katen, K.3
  • 40
    • 0011269588 scopus 로고
    • In vivo expression of rat insulin after intravenous administration of the liposome-entrapped gene for rat insulin i
    • Nicolau C, Le Pape A, Soriano P, et al. In vivo expression of rat insulin after intravenous administration of the liposome-entrapped gene for rat insulin I. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:1068-72
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.80 , pp. 1068-1072
    • Nicolau, C.1    Le Pape, A.2    Soriano, P.3
  • 42
    • 84865981605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A DNA-based candidate HIV vaccine delivered via in vivo electroporation induces CD4 responses toward the alpha4beta7-binding V2 loop of HIV gp120 in healthy volunteers
    • Kopycinski J, Cheeseman H, Ashraf A, et al. A DNA-based candidate HIV vaccine delivered via in vivo electroporation induces CD4 responses toward the alpha4beta7-binding V2 loop of HIV gp120 in healthy volunteers. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012;19:1557-9
    • (2012) Clin Vaccine Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 1557-1559
    • Kopycinski, J.1    Cheeseman, H.2    Ashraf, A.3
  • 43
    • 79956061128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo electroporation enhances the immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine candidate in healthy volunteers
    • Vasan S, Hurley A, Schlesinger SJ, et al. In vivo electroporation enhances the immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine candidate in healthy volunteers. PLoS One 2011;6:e19252
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Vasan, S.1    Hurley, A.2    Schlesinger, S.J.3
  • 44
    • 58049200809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase i trial of interleukin-12 plasmid electroporation in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Daud AI, DeConti RC, Andrews S, et al. Phase I trial of interleukin-12 plasmid electroporation in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5896-903
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 5896-5903
    • Daud, A.I.1    Deconti, R.C.2    Andrews, S.3
  • 45
    • 76349111051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational design of cationic lipids for siRNA delivery
    • Semple SC, Akinc A, Chen J, et al. Rational design of cationic lipids for siRNA delivery. Nat Biotechnol 2010;28:172-6
    • (2010) Nat Biotechnol , vol.28 , pp. 172-176
    • Semple, S.C.1    Akinc, A.2    Chen, J.3
  • 47
    • 76649098887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing
    • Love KT, Mahon KP, Levins CG, et al. Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:1864-9
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 1864-1869
    • Love, K.T.1    Mahon, K.P.2    Levins, C.G.3
  • 48
    • 79751497093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of therapeutic proteins after delivery of chemically modified mRNA in mice
    • Kormann MS, Hasenpusch G, Aneja MK, et al. Expression of therapeutic proteins after delivery of chemically modified mRNA in mice. Nat Biotechnol 2011;29:154-7
    • (2011) Nat Biotechnol , vol.29 , pp. 154-157
    • Kormann, M.S.1    Hasenpusch, G.2    Aneja, M.K.3
  • 49
    • 84885676364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modified mRNA directs the fate of heart progenitor cells and induces vascular regeneration after myocardial infarction
    • Zangi L, Lui KO, von Gise A, et al. Modified mRNA directs the fate of heart progenitor cells and induces vascular regeneration after myocardial infarction. Nat Biotechnol 2013;31:898-907
    • (2013) Nat Biotechnol , vol.31 , pp. 898-907
    • Zangi, L.1    Lui, K.O.2    Von Gise, A.3
  • 50
    • 80054772920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEGylation improves nanoparticle formation and transfection efficiency of messenger RNA
    • Uzqün S, Nica G, Pfeifer C, et al. PEGylation improves nanoparticle formation and transfection efficiency of messenger RNA. Pharm Res 2011;28:2223-32
    • (2011) Pharm Res , vol.28 , pp. 2223-2232
    • Uzqün, S.1    Nica, G.2    Pfeifer, C.3
  • 51
    • 83155183302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRNA vaccination as a safe approach for specific protection from type i allergy
    • Weiss R, Scheiblhofer S, Roesler E, et al. mRNA vaccination as a safe approach for specific protection from type I allergy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012;11:55-67
    • (2012) Expert Rev Vaccines , vol.11 , pp. 55-67
    • Weiss, R.1    Scheiblhofer, S.2    Roesler, E.3
  • 52
    • 84863485635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo gene delivery by nonviral vectors: Overcoming hurdles?
    • Zhang Z, Satterlee A, Huang L. In vivo gene delivery by nonviral vectors: Overcoming hurdles?. Mol Ther 2012;20:1298-304
    • (2012) Mol Ther , vol.20 , pp. 1298-1304
    • Zhang, Z.1    Satterlee, A.2    Huang, L.3
  • 53
    • 80053552544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral and non-viral approaches for transient delivery of mrna and proteins
    • Schott JW, Galla M, Godinho T, et al. Viral and Non-Viral Approaches for Transient Delivery of mRNA and Proteins. Curr Gene Ther 2011;11:382-98
    • (2011) Curr Gene Ther , vol.11 , pp. 382-398
    • Schott, J.W.1    Galla, M.2    Godinho, T.3
  • 54
    • 78549283854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranodal vaccination with naked antigen-encoding RNA elicits potent prophylactic and therapeutic antitumoral immunity
    • Kreiter S, Selmi A, Diken M, et al. Intranodal vaccination with naked antigen-encoding RNA elicits potent prophylactic and therapeutic antitumoral immunity. Cancer Res 2010;70:9031-40
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 9031-9040
    • Kreiter, S.1    Selmi, A.2    Diken, M.3
  • 55
    • 84859417996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical evaluation of TriMix and antigen mRNA-based antitumor therapy
    • Van Lint S, Goyvaerts C, Maenhout S, et al. Preclinical evaluation of TriMix and antigen mRNA-based antitumor therapy. Cancer Res 2012;72:1661-71
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 1661-1671
    • Van Lint, S.1    Goyvaerts, C.2    Maenhout, S.3
  • 56
    • 84870869040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective efficacy of in vitro synthesized, specific mRNA vaccines against influenza A virus infection
    • Petsch B, Schnee M, Vogel AB, et al. Protective efficacy of in vitro synthesized, specific mRNA vaccines against influenza A virus infection. Nat Biotechnol 2012;30:1210-16
    • (2012) Nat Biotechnol , vol.30 , pp. 1210-1216
    • Petsch, B.1    Schnee, M.2    Vogel, A.B.3
  • 57
    • 78650640612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messenger RNA-based vaccines with dual activity induce balanced TLR-7 dependent adaptive immune responses and provide antitumor activity
    • Fotin-Mleczek M, Duchardt KM, Lorenz C, et al. Messenger RNA-based vaccines with dual activity induce balanced TLR-7 dependent adaptive immune responses and provide antitumor activity. J Immunother 2011;34:1-15
    • (2011) J Immunother , vol.34 , pp. 1-15
    • Fotin-Mleczek, M.1    Duchardt, K.M.2    Lorenz, C.3
  • 59
    • 84878665056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonviral, cationic lipid-mediated delivery of mRNA
    • Hecker JG. Nonviral, cationic lipid-mediated delivery of mRNA. Methods Mol Biol 2013;969:73-88
    • (2013) Methods Mol Biol , vol.969 , pp. 73-88
    • Hecker, J.G.1
  • 60
    • 77649182625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-mediated delivery of RNA is more efficient than Delivery of DNA in non-dividing cells
    • Zou S, Scarfo K, Nantz MH, Hecker JG. Lipid-mediated delivery of RNA is more efficient than Delivery of DNA in non-dividing cells. Int J Pharm 2010;389:232-43
    • (2010) Int J Pharm , vol.389 , pp. 232-243
    • Zou, S.1    Scarfo, K.2    Nantz, M.H.3    Hecker, J.G.4
  • 61
    • 0037429077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of mRNA/cationic lipid lipoplexes in human and rat cerebrospinal fluid: Methods and evidence for nonviral mrna gene delivery to the central nervous system
    • DOI 10.1089/10430340360535751
    • Anderson DM, Hall LL, Ayyalapu AR, et al. Stability of mRNA/cationic lipid lipoplexes in human and rat cerebrospinal fluid: Methods and evidence for nonviral mRNA gene delivery to the central nervous system. Hum Gene Ther 2003;14:191-202 (Pubitemid 36423439
    • (2003) Human Gene Therapy , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-202
    • Anderson, D.M.1    Hall, L.L.2    Ayyalapu, A.R.3    Irion, V.R.4    Nantz, M.H.5    Hecker, J.G.6
  • 62
    • 84873906718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messenger RNA introduction into the central nervous system using polyplex nanomicelle
    • Uchida S, Itaka K, Uchida H, et al. Messenger RNA introduction into the central nervous system using polyplex nanomicelle. PLoS One 2013;8:e56220
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Uchida, S.1    Itaka, K.2    Uchida, H.3
  • 63
    • 84871926389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type i IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines
    • Pollard C, Rejman J, De Haes W, et al. Type I IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines. Mol Ther 2013;21:251-9
    • (2013) Mol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 251-259
    • Pollard, C.1    Rejman, J.2    De Haes, W.3
  • 64
    • 79960725328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of dendritic cells transfection in vivo and of vaccination against B16F10 melanoma with mannosylated histidylated lipopolyplexes loaded with tumor antigen messenger RNA
    • Perche F, Benvegnu T, Berchel M, et al. Enhancement of dendritic cells transfection in vivo and of vaccination against B16F10 melanoma with mannosylated histidylated lipopolyplexes loaded with tumor antigen messenger RNA. Nanomedicine 2011;7:445-53
    • (2011) Nanomedicine , vol.7 , pp. 445-453
    • Perche, F.1    Benvegnu, T.2    Berchel, M.3
  • 67
    • 0029045376 scopus 로고
    • A Sindbis virus mRNA polynucleotide vector achieves prolonged and high level heterologous gene expression in vivo
    • Johanning FW, Conry RM, LoBuglio AF, et al. A Sindbis virus mRNA polynucleotide vector achieves prolonged and high level heterologous gene expression in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 1995;23:1495-501
    • (1995) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.23 , pp. 1495-1501
    • Johanning, F.W.1    Conry, R.M.2    Lobuglio, A.F.3
  • 70
    • 78549283854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranodal vaccination with naked antigen-encoding RNA elicits potent prophylactic and therapeutic antitumoral immunity
    • Kreiter S, Selmi A, Diken M, et al. Intranodal vaccination with naked antigen-encoding RNA elicits potent prophylactic and therapeutic antitumoral immunity. Cancer Res 2010;70:9031-40
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 9031-9040
    • Kreiter, S.1    Selmi, A.2    Diken, M.3
  • 73
    • 0031787197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro-synthesized infectious RNA as an attenuated live vaccine in a flavivirus model
    • Mandl CW, Aberle JH, Aberle SW, et al. In vitro-synthesized infectious RNA as an attenuated live vaccine in a flavivirus model. Nat Med 1998;4:1438-40
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 1438-1440
    • Mandl, C.W.1    Aberle, J.H.2    Aberle, S.W.3
  • 74
    • 84855383397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradermal electroporation of naked replicon RNA elicits strong immune responses
    • Johansson DX, Ljungberg K, Kakoulidou M, Liljestrom P. Intradermal electroporation of naked replicon RNA elicits strong immune responses. PLoS One 2012;7:e29732
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Johansson, D.X.1    Ljungberg, K.2    Kakoulidou, M.3    Liljestrom, P.4
  • 75
    • 69249220233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroporation of RNA stimulates immunity to an encoded reporter gene in mice
    • Piggott JM, Sheahan BJ, Soden DM, et al. Electroporation of RNA stimulates immunity to an encoded reporter gene in mice. Mol Med Rep 2009;2:753-6
    • (2009) Mol Med Rep , vol.2 , pp. 753-756
    • Piggott, J.M.1    Sheahan, B.J.2    Soden, D.M.3
  • 76
    • 84901269661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced delivery and potency of selfamplifying mRNA vaccines by electroporation in situ
    • Cu Y, Broderick K, Banerjee K, et al. Enhanced delivery and potency of selfamplifying mRNA vaccines by electroporation in situ. Vaccines 2013;1:367-83
    • (2013) Vaccines , vol.1 , pp. 367-383
    • Cu, Y.1    Broderick, K.2    Banerjee, K.3
  • 77
    • 76649098887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing
    • Love KT, Mahon KP, Levins CG, et al. Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:1864-9
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 1864-1869
    • Love, K.T.1    Mahon, K.P.2    Levins, C.G.3
  • 78
    • 84883230210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapidly produced SAM- vaccine against H7N9 influenza is immunogenic in mice
    • Hekele A, Bertholet S, Archer J, et al. Rapidly produced SAM- vaccine against H7N9 influenza is immunogenic in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013;2:e52
    • (2013) Emerg Microbes Infect , vol.2
    • Hekele, A.1    Bertholet, S.2    Archer, J.3
  • 79
    • 79960107932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein expression from exogenous mRNA: Uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis and trafficking via the lysosomal pathway
    • Lorenz C, Fotin-Mleczek M, Roth G, et al. Protein expression from exogenous mRNA: Uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis and trafficking via the lysosomal pathway. RNA Biol 2011;8:627-36
    • (2011) RNA Biol , vol.8 , pp. 627-636
    • Lorenz, C.1    Fotin-Mleczek, M.2    Roth, G.3
  • 80
    • 77951168054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking down the barriers: SiRNA delivery and endosome escape
    • Dominska M, Dykxhoorn DM. Breaking down the barriers: SiRNA delivery and endosome escape. J Cell Sci 2010;123:1183-9
    • (2010) J Cell Sci , vol.123 , pp. 1183-1189
    • Dominska, M.1    Dykxhoorn, D.M.2
  • 81
    • 84855845666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial viruses: Exploiting viral trafficking for therapeutics
    • Glover DJ. Artificial viruses: Exploiting viral trafficking for therapeutics. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2012;12:68-80
    • (2012) Infect Disord Drug Targets , vol.12 , pp. 68-80
    • Glover, D.J.1
  • 82
    • 77950343791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation
    • Takeuchi O, Akira S. Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell 2010;140:805-20
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 805-820
    • Takeuchi, O.1    Akira, S.2
  • 83
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • DOI 10.1038/35099560
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001;413:732-8 (Pubitemid 33009951
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , Issue.6857 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 84
    • 77249132637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of viruses by cytoplasmic sensors
    • Wilkins C, Gale M Jr. Recognition of viruses by cytoplasmic sensors. Curr Opin Immunol 2010;22:41-7
    • (2010) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 41-47
    • Wilkins, C.1    Gale Jr., M.2
  • 85
    • 78751560494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen recognition by the innate immune system
    • Kumar H, Kawai T, Akira S. Pathogen recognition by the innate immune system. Int Rev Immunol 2011;30:16-34
    • (2011) Int Rev Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 16-34
    • Kumar, H.1    Kawai, T.2    Akira, S.3
  • 86
    • 34248672889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors
    • DOI 10.1093/jb/mvm032
    • Kawai T, Akira S. Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors. J Biochem 2007;141:137-45 (Pubitemid 46775751
    • (2007) Journal of Biochemistry , vol.141 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-145
    • Kawai, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 87
    • 0033664689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA vaccination: Antigen presentation and the induction of immunity
    • Shedlock DJ, Weiner DB. DNA vaccination: Antigen presentation and the induction of immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2000;68:793-806
    • (2000) J Leukoc Biol , vol.68 , pp. 793-806
    • Shedlock, D.J.1    Weiner, D.B.2
  • 88
    • 21344465240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR signalling and the function of dendritic cells
    • Hemmi H, Akira S. TLR signalling and the function of dendritic cells. Chem Immunol Allergy 2005;86:120-35 (Pubitemid 40905001
    • (2005) Chemical Immunology and Allergy , vol.86 , pp. 120-135
    • Hemmi, H.1    Akira, S.2
  • 89
    • 84884721824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aphase IB study on intravenous synthetic mRNA electroporated dendritic cell immunotherapy in pretreated advanced melanoma patients
    • Wilgenhof S, Van Nuffel AM, Benteyn D, et al. A phase IB study on intravenous synthetic mRNA electroporated dendritic cell immunotherapy in pretreated advanced melanoma patients. Ann Oncol 2013;24:2686-93
    • (2013) Ann Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 2686-2693
    • Wilgenhof, S.1    Van Nuffel, A.M.2    Benteyn, D.3
  • 90
    • 77958536106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA
    • Warren L, Manos PD, Ahfeldt T, et al. Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA. Cell Stem Cell 2010;7:618-30
    • (2010) Cell Stem Cell , vol.7 , pp. 618-630
    • Warren, L.1    Manos, P.D.2    Ahfeldt, T.3
  • 91
    • 34548431318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring nucleoside modifications suppress the immunostimulatory activity of RNA: Implication for therapeutic RNA development
    • Kariko K, Weissman D. Naturally occurring nucleoside modifications suppress the immunostimulatory activity of RNA: Implication for therapeutic RNA development. Curr Opin Drug Discon Devel 2007;10:523-32 (Pubitemid 47367766
    • (2007) Current Opinion in Drug Discovery and Development , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 523-532
    • Kariko, K.1    Weissman, D.2
  • 92
    • 84881155082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient generation of human iPSCs by a synthetic self-replicative RNA
    • Yoshioka N, Gros E, Li HR, et al. Efficient generation of human iPSCs by a synthetic self-replicative RNA. Cell Stem Cell 2013;13:246-54
    • (2013) Cell Stem Cell , vol.13 , pp. 246-254
    • Yoshioka, N.1    Gros, E.2    Li, H.R.3
  • 93
    • 31344432402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus membrane-fusion proteins: More than one way to make a hairpin
    • DOI 10.1038/nrmicro1326, PII N1326
    • Kielian M, Rey FA. Virus membranefusion proteins: More than one way to make a hairpin. Nat Rev Microbiol 2006;4:67-76 (Pubitemid 43135288
    • (2006) Nature Reviews Microbiology , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-76
    • Kielian, M.1    Rey, F.A.2
  • 94
    • 84863395361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection of cells by alphaviruses
    • Brown DT, Hernandez R. Infection of cells by alphaviruses. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;726:181-99
    • (2012) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.726 , pp. 181-199
    • Brown, D.T.1    Hernandez, R.2
  • 95
    • 84875780190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alphavirus genome delivery occurs directly at the plasma membrane in a time- and temperature-dependent process
    • Vancini R, Wang G, Ferreira D, et al. Alphavirus genome delivery occurs directly at the plasma membrane in a time- And temperature-dependent process. J Virol 2013;87:4352-9
    • (2013) J Virol , vol.87 , pp. 4352-4359
    • Vancini, R.1    Wang, G.2    Ferreira, D.3
  • 96
    • 2942733550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformational changes in Sindbis virions resulting from exposure to low pH and interactions with cells suggest that cell penetration may occur at the cell surface in the absence of membrane fusion
    • DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.046, PII S0042682204002399
    • Paredes AM, Ferreira D, Horton M, et al. Conformational changes in Sindbis virions resulting from exposure to low pH and interactions with cells suggest that cell penetration may occur at the cell surface in the absence of membrane fusion. Virology 2004;324:373-86 (Pubitemid 38797854
    • (2004) Virology , vol.324 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-386
    • Paredes, A.M.1    Ferreira, D.2    Horton, M.3    Saad, A.4    Tsuruta, H.5    Johnston, R.6    Klimstra, W.7    Ryman, K.8    Hernandez, R.9    Chiu, W.10    Brown, D.T.11
  • 97
    • 1842612607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus entry: Molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications
    • DOI 10.1038/nrmicro817
    • Dimitron DS. Virus entry: Molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004;2:109-22 (Pubitemid 39490065
    • (2004) Nature Reviews Microbiology , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-122
    • Dimitron, D.S.1
  • 98
    • 0024237292 scopus 로고
    • Alphavirus RNA replicase is located on the cytoplasmic surface of endosomes and lysosomes
    • DOI 10.1083/jcb.107.6.2075
    • Froshauer S, Kartenbeck J, Helenius A. Alphavirus RNA replicase is located on the cytoplasmic surface of endosomes and lysosomes. J Cell Biol 1988;107:2075-86 (Pubitemid 19015087
    • (1988) Journal of Cell Biology , vol.107 , Issue.6 , pp. 2075-2086
    • Froshauer, S.1    Kartenbeck, J.2    Helenius, A.3
  • 100
    • 23844462026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis in gene transfer mediated by lipo- and polyplexes
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.03.038, PII S1525001605001875
    • Rejman J, Bragonzi A, Conese M. Role of clathrin- And caveolae-mediated endocytosis in gene transfer mediated by lipo- And polyplexes. Mol Ther 2005;12:468-74 (Pubitemid 41150132
    • (2005) Molecular Therapy , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 468-474
    • Rejman, J.1    Bragonzi, A.2    Conese, M.3
  • 101
    • 79959959890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-particle tracking as a quantitative microscopy-based approach to unravel cell entry mechanisms of viruses and pharmaceutical nanoparticles
    • Ruthardt N, Lamb DC, Brauchle C. Single-particle tracking as a quantitative microscopy-based approach to unravel cell entry mechanisms of viruses and pharmaceutical nanoparticles. Mol Ther 2011;19:1199-211
    • (2011) Mol Ther , vol.19 , pp. 1199-1211
    • Ruthardt, N.1    Lamb, D.C.2    Brauchle, C.3
  • 102
    • 35548965556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of siRNA integrity by FRET imaging
    • Jarve A, Muller J, Kim IH, et al. Surveillance of siRNA integrity by FRET imaging. Nucleic Acids Res 2007;35:e124
    • (2007) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.35
    • Jarve, A.1    Muller, J.2    Kim, I.H.3
  • 103
    • 34447633941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous cellular uptake of exogenous messenger RNA in vivo is nucleic acid-specific, saturable and ion Dependent
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.gt.3302964, PII 3302964
    • Probst J, Weide B, Scheel B, et al. Spontaneous cellular uptake of exogenous messenger RNA in vivo is nucleic acid-specific, saturable and ion Dependent. Gene Ther 2007;14:1175-80 (Pubitemid 47086748
    • (2007) Gene Therapy , vol.14 , Issue.15 , pp. 1175-1180
    • Probst, J.1    Weide, B.2    Scheel, B.3    Pichler, B.J.4    Hoerr, I.5    Rammensee, H.-G.6    Pascolo, S.7
  • 104
    • 84873046317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Sendai virus-derived RNA agonist of RIG-I as a virus vaccine adjuvant
    • Martinez-Gil L, Goff PH, Hai R, et al. A Sendai virus-derived RNA agonist of RIG-I as a virus vaccine adjuvant. J Virol 2013;87:1290-300
    • (2013) J Virol , vol.87 , pp. 1290-1300
    • Martinez-Gil, L.1    Goff, P.H.2    Hai, R.3
  • 105
    • 84864288635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral immune modulators perturb the human molecular network by common and unique strategies
    • Pichlmair A, Kandasamy K, Alvisi G, et al. Viral immune modulators perturb the human molecular network by common and unique strategies. Nature 2012;487:486-90
    • (2012) Nature , vol.487 , pp. 486-490
    • Pichlmair, A.1    Kandasamy, K.2    Alvisi, G.3
  • 106
    • 84870946428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alive, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease
    • Graham RL, Becker MM, Eckerle LD, et al. A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease. Nat Med 2012;18:1820-6
    • (2012) Nat Med , vol.18 , pp. 1820-1826
    • Graham, R.L.1    Becker, M.M.2    Eckerle, L.D.3
  • 107
    • 0035883853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptide-mediated RNA delivery: A novel approach for enhanced transfection of primary and post-mitotic cells
    • Bettinger T, Carlisle RC, Read ML, et al. Peptide-mediated RNA delivery: A novel approach for enhanced transfection of primary and post-mitotic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2001;29:3882-91 (Pubitemid 32910528
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.29 , Issue.18 , pp. 3882-3891
    • Bettinger, T.1    Carlisle, R.C.2    Read, M.L.3    Ogris, M.4    Seymour, L.W.5
  • 109
    • 84873406290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic delivery of modified mRNA encoding herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase for targeted cancer gene therapy
    • Wang Y, Su HH, Yang Y, et al. Systemic delivery of modified mRNA encoding herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase for targeted cancer gene therapy. Mol Ther 2013;21:358-67
    • (2013) Mol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 358-367
    • Wang, Y.1    Su, H.H.2    Yang, Y.3
  • 110
    • 45149125881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design opportunities for actively targeted nanoparticle vaccines
    • DOI 10.2217/17435889.3.3.343
    • Fahmy TM, Demento SL, Caplan MJ, et al. Design opportunities for actively targeted nanoparticle vaccines. Nanomedicine 2008;3:343-55 (Pubitemid 351827311
    • (2008) Nanomedicine , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 343-355
    • Fahmy, T.M.1    Demento, S.L.2    Caplan, M.J.3    Mellman, I.4    Saltzman, W.M.5
  • 111
    • 79957732443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor vaccination using messenger RNA: Prospects of a future therapy
    • Kreiter S, Diken M, Selmi A, et al. Tumor vaccination using messenger RNA: Prospects of a future therapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2011;23:399-406
    • (2011) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 399-406
    • Kreiter, S.1    Diken, M.2    Selmi, A.3
  • 112
    • 5144221446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential disruptive technology in vaccine development: Gene-based vaccines and their application to infectious diseases
    • DOI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.03.007, PII S0035920304001142
    • Kaslow DC. A potential disruptive technology in vaccine development: Gene-based vaccines and their application to infectious diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004;98:593-601 (Pubitemid 39345160
    • (2004) Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , vol.98 , Issue.10 , pp. 593-601
    • Kaslow, D.C.1
  • 113
    • 52449104809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA vaccines: Ready for prime time?
    • Kutzler MA, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines: Ready for prime time?. Nat Rev Genet 2008;9:776-88
    • (2008) Nat Rev Genet , vol.9 , pp. 776-788
    • Kutzler, M.A.1    Weiner, D.B.2
  • 114
    • 0033989908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo application of RNA leads to induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibodies
    • Hoerr I, Obst R, Rammensee HG, Jung G. In vivo application of RNA leads to induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibodies. Eur J Immunol 2000;30:1-7
    • (2000) Eur J Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 1-7
    • Hoerr, I.1    Obst, R.2    Rammensee, H.G.3    Jung, G.4
  • 115
    • 77953931139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle size and activation threshold: A new dimension of danger signaling
    • Rettig L, Haen SP, Bittermann AG, et al. Particle size and activation threshold: A new dimension of danger signaling. Blood 2010;115:4533-41
    • (2010) Blood , vol.115 , pp. 4533-4541
    • Rettig, L.1    Haen, S.P.2    Bittermann, A.G.3
  • 116
    • 27944481229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective induction of anti-melanoma immunity following genetic vaccination with synthetic mRNA coding for the fusion protein EGFP.TRP2
    • DOI 10.1007/s00262-005-0042-5
    • Steitz J, Britten CM, Wolfel T, Tuting T. Effective induction of anti-melanoma immunity following genetic vaccination with synthetic mRNA coding for the fusion protein EGFP.TRP2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006;55:246-53 (Pubitemid 41682573
    • (2006) Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 246-253
    • Steitz, J.1    Britten, C.M.2    Wolfel, T.3    Tuting, T.4
  • 117
    • 79958296153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery using lipid-enveloped pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles
    • Su X, Fricke J, Kavanagh DG, Irvine DJ. In vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery using lipid-enveloped pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2011;8:774-87
    • (2011) Mol Pharm , vol.8 , pp. 774-787
    • Su, X.1    Fricke, J.2    Kavanagh, D.G.3    Irvine, D.J.4
  • 118
    • 84871926389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type i IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines
    • Charlotte P, Joanna R, Winni De H, et al. Type I IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines. Mol Ther 2012;21:251-9
    • (2012) Mol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 251-259
    • Charlotte, P.1    Joanna, R.2    De, W.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.