-
1
-
-
0035511401
-
Th eorizing the modes of incorporation
-
Alexander, Jeff rey. 2001. Th eorizing the modes of incorporation. Sociological Th eory 19: 237 - 249.
-
(2001)
Sociological Th eory
, vol.19
, pp. 237-249
-
-
Alexander, J.1
-
2
-
-
22544467464
-
Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops
-
Alpert, Geoff rey, John MacDonald, and Roger Dunham. 2005. Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops. Criminology 43: 407 - 434.
-
(2005)
Criminology
, vol.43
, pp. 407-434
-
-
Alpert, G.1
MacDonald, J.2
Dunham, R.3
-
4
-
-
34548207135
-
Ethnic and racial minorities and the police: A review of the literature
-
Antonopoulos, Georgios. 2003. Ethnic and racial minorities and the police: A review of the literature. Police Journal 76: 222 - 245.
-
(2003)
Police Journal
, vol.76
, pp. 222-245
-
-
Antonopoulos, G.1
-
5
-
-
0003072609
-
Neighborhood racial composition and residents' evaluation of police performance
-
Apple, Nancy, and David O'Brien. 1983. Neighborhood racial composition and residents' evaluation of police performance. Journal of Police Science and Administration 11: 76 - 83.
-
(1983)
Journal of Police Science and Administration
, vol.11
, pp. 76-83
-
-
Apple, N.1
O'Brien, D.2
-
8
-
-
34247984793
-
Support for civil liberties and support for the police
-
Block, Richard. 1970. Support for civil liberties and support for the police. American Behavioral Scientist 13: 781 - 796.
-
(1970)
American Behavioral Scientist
, vol.13
, pp. 781-796
-
-
Block, R.1
-
9
-
-
0001271027
-
Prejudice as group position
-
Bobo, Lawrence. 1999. Prejudice as group position. Journal of Social Issues 55: 445 - 472.
-
(1999)
Journal of Social Issues
, vol.55
, pp. 445-472
-
-
Bobo, L.1
-
10
-
-
0034951951
-
Race, income, and perceptions of the U.S. court system.
-
Brooks, Richard, and Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter. 2001. Race, income, and perceptions of the U.S. court system. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 19: 249 - 264.
-
(2001)
Behavioral Sciences and the Law
, vol.19
, pp. 249-264
-
-
Brooks, R.1
Jeon-Slaughter, H.2
-
11
-
-
3142711188
-
Perceptions of the police
-
Brown, Ben, and William Reed Benedict. 2002. Perceptions of the police. Policing 25: 543 - 580.
-
(2002)
Policing
, vol.25
, pp. 543-580
-
-
Brown, B.1
Benedict, W.R.2
-
12
-
-
85009952977
-
"Police don't like black people": African American young men's accumulated police experiences
-
Brunson, Rod. 2007. "Police don't like black people": African American young men's accumulated police experiences. Criminology and Public Policy 6: 71 - 102.
-
(2007)
Criminology and Public Policy
, vol.6
, pp. 71-102
-
-
Brunson, R.1
-
13
-
-
25144497925
-
Confi dence in the police in Latin America
-
Cao, Liqun, and Jihong Zhao. 2005. Confi dence in the police in Latin America. Journal of Criminal Justice 33: 403 - 412.
-
(2005)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.33
, pp. 403-412
-
-
Cao, L.1
Zhao, J.2
-
14
-
-
0002618676
-
Race, community context, and confi dence in the police
-
Cao, Liqun, James Frank, and Francis Cullen. 1996. Race, community context, and confi dence in the police. American Journal of Police 15: 3 - 21.
-
(1996)
American Journal of Police
, vol.15
, pp. 3-21
-
-
Cao, L.1
Frank, J.2
Cullen, F.3
-
16
-
-
33745465527
-
Media coverage of police misconduct and attitudes toward police
-
Chermak, Steven, Edmund McGarrell, and Jeff Gruenewald. 2006. Media coverage of police misconduct and attitudes toward police. Policing 29: 261 - 281.
-
(2006)
Policing
, vol.29
, pp. 261-281
-
-
Chermak, S.1
McGarrell, E.2
Gruenewald, J.3
-
17
-
-
0041035944
-
Police work and the police profession: Assessing the attitudes of city offi cials, Spanish-speaking Hispanics, and their English-speaking counterparts
-
Cheurprakobkit, Sutham, and Robert Bartsch. 1999. Police work and the police profession: Assessing the attitudes of city offi cials, Spanish-speaking Hispanics, and their English-speaking counterparts. Journal of Criminal Justice 27: 87 - 100.
-
(1999)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.27
, pp. 87-100
-
-
Cheurprakobkit, S.1
Bartsch, R.2
-
18
-
-
0038256794
-
Racial composition and neighborhood fear of crime
-
Chiricos, Ted, Michael Hogan, and Marc Gertz. 1997. Racial composition and neighborhood fear of crime. Criminology 35: 107 - 131.
-
(1997)
Criminology
, vol.35
, pp. 107-131
-
-
Chiricos, T.1
Hogan, M.2
Gertz, M.3
-
22
-
-
0010293707
-
Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race, and disorder in New York City
-
Fagan, Jeff rey, and Garth Davies. 2000. Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race, and disorder in New York City. Fordham Urban Law Journal 28: 457 - 504.
-
(2000)
Fordham Urban Law Journal
, vol.28
, pp. 457-504
-
-
Fagan, J.1
Davies, G.2
-
23
-
-
0001288118
-
Reassessing the impact of race on citizens' attitudes toward the police
-
Frank, James, Steven Brandl, Francis Cullen, and Amy Stichman. 1996. Reassessing the impact of race on citizens' attitudes toward the police. Justice Quarterly 13: 321 - 334.
-
(1996)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.13
, pp. 321-334
-
-
Frank, J.1
Brandl, S.2
Cullen, F.3
Stichman, A.4
-
24
-
-
35348874496
-
An analysis of the New York City police department's "stop-and-frisk" policy in the context of claims of racial bias
-
Gelman, Andrew, Jeff rey Fagan, and Alex Kiss. 2007. An analysis of the New York City police department's "stop-and-frisk" policy in the context of claims of racial bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association 102: 813 - 823.
-
(2007)
Journal of the American Statistical Association
, vol.102
, pp. 813-823
-
-
Gelman, A.1
Fagan, J.2
Kiss, A.3
-
25
-
-
39449099990
-
Public experiences of police violence and corruption in contemporary Russia
-
Gerber, Th eodore, and Sarah Mendelson. 2008. Public experiences of police violence and corruption in contemporary Russia. Law and Society Review 42: 1 - 43.
-
(2008)
Law and Society Review
, vol.42
, pp. 1-43
-
-
Gerber, T.1
Mendelson, S.2
-
26
-
-
85068290820
-
Policing weak states
-
Goldsmith, Andrew. 2003. Policing weak states. Policing and Society 13: 3 - 21.
-
(2003)
Policing and Society
, vol.13
, pp. 3-21
-
-
Goldsmith, A.1
-
27
-
-
27844561096
-
Police reform and the problem of trust
-
Goldsmith, Andrew. 2005. Police reform and the problem of trust. Th eoretical Criminology 9: 443 - 470.
-
(2005)
Th eoretical Criminology
, vol.9
, pp. 443-470
-
-
Goldsmith, A.1
-
28
-
-
84965401992
-
Angels in marble: Problems in stimulating community involvement in community policing
-
Grinc, Randolph. 1994. Angels in marble: Problems in stimulating community involvement in community policing. Crime and Delinquency 40: 437 - 468.
-
(1994)
Crime and Delinquency
, vol.40
, pp. 437-468
-
-
Grinc, R.1
-
29
-
-
23944504097
-
Race, ethnicity, and youth perceptions of criminal injustice
-
Hagan, John, Carla Shedd, and Monique Payne. 2005. Race, ethnicity, and youth perceptions of criminal injustice. American Sociological Review 70: 381 - 407.
-
(2005)
American Sociological Review
, vol.70
, pp. 381-407
-
-
Hagan, J.1
Shedd, C.2
Payne, M.3
-
30
-
-
34548280895
-
Police relations with Arabs and Jews in Israel
-
Hasisi, Badi, and Ronald Weitzer. 2007. Police relations with Arabs and Jews in Israel. British Journal of Criminology 47: 728 - 745.
-
(2007)
British Journal of Criminology
, vol.47
, pp. 728-745
-
-
Hasisi, B.1
Weitzer, R.2
-
31
-
-
1642505311
-
Minorities, crime, and criminal justice in Belgium.
-
I. H. Marshall (ed.), London: Sage.
-
Hebberecht, Patrick. 1997. Minorities, crime, and criminal justice in Belgium. In I. H. Marshall (ed.), Minorities, migrants, and crime: Diversity and similarity across Europe and the United States. London: Sage.
-
(1997)
Minorities, migrants, and crime: Diversity and similarity across Europe and the United States.
-
-
Hebberecht, P.1
-
34
-
-
0002479924
-
Perceptions of abusive police practices in a U.S.-Mexican border community
-
Holmes, Malcolm. 1998. Perceptions of abusive police practices in a U.S.-Mexican border community. Social Science Journal 35: 107 - 118.
-
(1998)
Social Science Journal
, vol.35
, pp. 107-118
-
-
Holmes, M.1
-
35
-
-
3843109078
-
Black cities, white cities: Evaluating the police
-
Howell, Susan, Huey Perry, and Matthew Vile. 2004. Black cities, white cities: Evaluating the police. Political Behavior 26: 45 - 68.
-
(2004)
Political Behavior
, vol.26
, pp. 45-68
-
-
Howell, S.1
Perry, H.2
Vile, M.3
-
37
-
-
0009532978
-
Th e attitudes of juveniles toward the police
-
Hurst, Yolander, James Frank, and Sandra Browning. 2000. Th e attitudes of juveniles toward the police. Policing 23: 37 - 53.
-
(2000)
Policing
, vol.23
, pp. 37-53
-
-
Hurst, Y.1
Frank, J.2
Browning, S.3
-
38
-
-
85044916235
-
Policing an ethnically divided neighborhood in Germany
-
Hutterman, Jorg. 2003. Policing an ethnically divided neighborhood in Germany. Policing and Society 13: 381 - 397.
-
(2003)
Policing and Society
, vol.13
, pp. 381-397
-
-
Hutterman, J.1
-
39
-
-
84986031758
-
Policing aft er ethnic confl ict
-
Jackson, Arrick, and Alynna Lyon. 2002. Policing aft er ethnic confl ict. Policing 25: 221 - 241.
-
(2002)
Policing
, vol.25
, pp. 221-241
-
-
Jackson, A.1
Lyon, A.2
-
41
-
-
84938049538
-
Inequality and police strength: Confl ict theory and social control in metropolitan areas
-
Jacobs, David. 1979. Inequality and police strength: Confl ict theory and social control in metropolitan areas. American Sociological Review 44: 913 - 925.
-
(1979)
American Sociological Review
, vol.44
, pp. 913-925
-
-
Jacobs, D.1
-
42
-
-
79959468678
-
Inequality and police use of deadly force
-
Jacobs, David, and David Britt. 1979. Inequality and police use of deadly force. Social Problems 26: 403 - 412.
-
(1979)
Social Problems
, vol.26
, pp. 403-412
-
-
Jacobs, D.1
Britt, D.2
-
43
-
-
0032326632
-
Th e determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence
-
Jacobs, David, and Robert O'Brien. 1998. Th e determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence. American Journal of Sociology 103: 837 - 862.
-
(1998)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.103
, pp. 837-862
-
-
Jacobs, D.1
O'Brien, R.2
-
45
-
-
0346088755
-
Studying ethnic minorities in relation to crime and police discrimination
-
Junger, Marianne. 1990. Studying ethnic minorities in relation to crime and police discrimination. British Journal of Criminology 30: 493 - 502.
-
(1990)
British Journal of Criminology
, vol.30
, pp. 493-502
-
-
Junger, M.1
-
46
-
-
84900642662
-
Kaiser Foundation.
-
Kaiser/Washington Post/Harvard University poll, May 2000.
-
Kaiser Foundation. 2000. Kaiser/Washington Post/Harvard University poll, May 2000.
-
(2000)
-
-
-
47
-
-
0005718501
-
Th e eff ect of a violent televised arrest on public perceptions of the police
-
Kaminski, Robert, and Eric Jeff eris. 1998. Th e eff ect of a violent televised arrest on public perceptions of the police. Policing 21: 683 - 706.
-
(1998)
Policing
, vol.21
, pp. 683-706
-
-
Kaminski, R.1
Jefferis, E.2
-
48
-
-
0036864989
-
Th e social ecology of police misconduct
-
Kane, Robert. 2002. Th e social ecology of police misconduct. Criminology 40: 867 - 896.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 867-896
-
-
Kane, R.1
-
49
-
-
22544450289
-
Social control in the metropolis: A community-level examination of the minority group-threat hypothesis
-
Kane, Robert. 2003. Social control in the metropolis: A community-level examination of the minority group-threat hypothesis. Justice Quarterly 20: 265 - 295.
-
(2003)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.20
, pp. 265-295
-
-
Kane, R.1
-
50
-
-
25144497552
-
Minority threat and police strength from 1980 to 2000
-
Kent, Stephanie, and David Jacobs. 2005. Minority threat and police strength from 1980 to 2000. Criminology 43: 731 - 760.
-
(2005)
Criminology
, vol.43
, pp. 731-760
-
-
Kent, S.1
Jacobs, D.2
-
51
-
-
0039270129
-
Negotiating order in police work: An ecological theory of police response to deviance
-
Klinger, David. 1997. Negotiating order in police work: An ecological theory of police response to deviance. Criminology 35: 277 - 306.
-
(1997)
Criminology
, vol.35
, pp. 277-306
-
-
Klinger, D.1
-
53
-
-
0013286974
-
Determinants of citizen satisfaction with the police: Th e eff ects of residential location
-
Kusow, Abdi, Leon Wilson, and David Martin. 1997. Determinants of citizen satisfaction with the police: Th e eff ects of residential location. Policing 20: 655 - 664.
-
(1997)
Policing
, vol.20
, pp. 655-664
-
-
Kusow, A.1
Wilson, L.2
Martin, D.3
-
54
-
-
84937189754
-
Explaining juveniles' attitudes toward the police
-
Leiber, Michael, Mahesh Nalla, and Margaret Farnworth. 1998. Explaining juveniles' attitudes toward the police. Justice Quarterly 15: 151 - 173.
-
(1998)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.15
, pp. 151-173
-
-
Leiber, M.1
Nalla, M.2
Farnworth, M.3
-
55
-
-
84935444925
-
Social structure and crime control among macrosocial units
-
Liska, Allen, and Mitchell Chamlin. 1984. Social structure and crime control among macrosocial units. American Journal of Sociology 90: 383 - 395.
-
(1984)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.90
, pp. 383-395
-
-
Liska, A.1
Chamlin, M.2
-
56
-
-
0002768969
-
Specifying and testing the threat hypothesis: Police use of deadly force.
-
A. Liska (ed.), Albany: State University of New York Press.
-
Liska, Allen, and Jiang Yu. 1992. Specifying and testing the threat hypothesis: Police use of deadly force. In A. Liska (ed.), Social threat and social control. Albany: State University of New York Press.
-
(1992)
Social threat and social control.
-
-
Liska, A.1
Yu, J.2
-
57
-
-
84963014607
-
Testing the economic production and confl ict models of crime control
-
Liska, Allen, Mitchell Chamlin, and Mark Reed. 1985. Testing the economic production and confl ict models of crime control. Social Forces 64: 119 - 138.
-
(1985)
Social Forces
, vol.64
, pp. 119-138
-
-
Liska, A.1
Chamlin, M..2
Reed, M.3
-
58
-
-
0000937159
-
Perspectives on the legal order: Th e capacity for social control
-
Liska, Allen, Joseph Lawrence, and Michael Benson. 1981. Perspectives on the legal order: Th e capacity for social control. American Journal of Sociology 87: 412 - 426.
-
(1981)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.87
, pp. 412-426
-
-
Liska, A.1
Lawrence, J.2
Benson, M.3
-
59
-
-
37749020499
-
Race, neighborhood context, and perceptions of injustice by the police in Cincinnati
-
MacDonald, John, Robert Stokes, Greg Ridgeway, and K. Jack Riley. 2007. Race, neighborhood context, and perceptions of injustice by the police in Cincinnati. Urban Studies 13: 2567 - 2585.
-
(2007)
Urban Studies
, vol.13
, pp. 2567-2585
-
-
MacDonald, J.1
Stokes, R.2
Ridgeway, G.3
Jack Riley, K.4
-
60
-
-
84928221195
-
Police performance and state rul
-
Marenin, Otwin. 1985. Police performance and state rule. Comparative Politics 18: 101 - 122.
-
(1985)
Comparative Politics
, vol.18
, pp. 101-122
-
-
Marenin, O.1
-
61
-
-
0036691187
-
Police disrespect toward the public.
-
Mastrofski, Stephen, Michael Reisig, and John McCluskey. 2002. Police disrespect toward the public. Criminology 40: 519 - 51.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 519-51
-
-
Mastrofski, S.1
Reisig, M.2
McCluskey, J.3
-
62
-
-
84993725440
-
Race and place: Th e ecology of racial profi ling African American motorists
-
Meehan, Albert, and Michael Ponder. 2002. Race and place: Th e ecology of racial profi ling African American motorists. Justice Quarterly 19: 399 - 429.
-
(2002)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.19
, pp. 399-429
-
-
Meehan, A.1
Ponder, M.2
-
63
-
-
84963076039
-
Economic deprivation, opportunity structure, and robbery victimization
-
Messner, Steven, and Scott South. 1986. Economic deprivation, opportunity structure, and robbery victimization. Social Forces 64: 975 - 991.
-
(1986)
Social Forces
, vol.64
, pp. 975-991
-
-
Messner, S.1
South, S.2
-
64
-
-
84859032545
-
"I can stop and search whoever I want": Police stops of ethnic minorities in Bulgaria, Hungary, and Spain.
-
New York: Open Society Institute.
-
Miller, Joel. 2007. "I can stop and search whoever I want": Police stops of ethnic minorities in Bulgaria, Hungary, and Spain. New York: Open Society Institute.
-
(2007)
-
-
Miller, J.1
-
65
-
-
84937265688
-
Policing Palestinian society
-
Milton-Edwards, Beverly. 1997. Policing Palestinian society. Policing and Society 7: 19 - 44.
-
(1997)
Policing and Society
, vol.7
, pp. 19-44
-
-
Milton-Edwards, B.1
-
66
-
-
84900598657
-
Mollen Commission.
-
Report of the commission to investigate allegations of police corruption. New York: Mollen Commission.
-
Mollen Commission. 1994. Report of the commission to investigate allegations of police corruption. New York: Mollen Commission.
-
(1994)
-
-
-
68
-
-
27944446755
-
National Research Council.
-
Fairness and eff ectiveness in policing: Th e evidence. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
-
National Research Council. 2004. Fairness and eff ectiveness in policing: Th e evidence. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
-
(2004)
-
-
-
69
-
-
31144441404
-
Racial threat, concentrated disadvantage, and social control
-
Parker, Karen, Brian Stults, and Stephen Rice. 2005. Racial threat, concentrated disadvantage, and social control. Criminology 43: 1111 - 1134.
-
(2005)
Criminology
, vol.43
, pp. 1111-1134
-
-
Parker, K.1
Stults, B.2
Rice, S.3
-
70
-
-
84900598560
-
-
Quinnipiac. New Yorkers approve of NYPD 3 to 1. Quinnipiac University poll, June 23.
-
Quinnipiac. 2005. New Yorkers approve of NYPD 3 to 1. Quinnipiac University poll, June 23.
-
(2005)
-
-
-
71
-
-
84900638190
-
-
RAND. Police-community relations in Cincinnati. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
-
RAND. 2005. Police-community relations in Cincinnati. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
-
(2005)
-
-
-
72
-
-
84998098768
-
Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context
-
Reisig, Michael, and Roger Parks. 2000. Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context. Justice Quarterly 17: 607 - 29.
-
(2000)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.17
, pp. 607-29
-
-
Reisig, M.1
Parks, R.2
-
73
-
-
34247675864
-
Shades of brown: Perceptions of racial profi ling and the intra-ethnic diff erential
-
Rice, Stephen, John Reitzel, and Alex Piquero. 2005. Shades of brown: Perceptions of racial profi ling and the intra-ethnic diff erential. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 3: 47 - 70.
-
(2005)
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
, vol.3
, pp. 47-70
-
-
Rice, S.1
Reitzel, J.2
Piquero, A.3
-
74
-
-
84974288982
-
Black mayors and police policies
-
Saltzstein, Grace. 1989. Black mayors and police policies. Journal of Politics 51: 525 - 544.
-
(1989)
Journal of Politics
, vol.51
, pp. 525-544
-
-
Saltzstein, G.1
-
75
-
-
0032235909
-
Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance
-
Sampson, Robert, and Dawn Bartusch. 1998. Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance. Law and Society Review 32: 777 - 804.
-
(1998)
Law and Society Review
, vol.32
, pp. 777-804
-
-
Sampson, R.1
Bartusch, D.2
-
76
-
-
84993811949
-
Citizen perceptions of police services: Race, neighborhood context, and community policing
-
Schafer, Joseph, Beth Huebner, and Timothy Bynum. 2003. Citizen perceptions of police services: Race, neighborhood context, and community policing. Police Quarterly 6: 440 - 468.
-
(2003)
Police Quarterly
, vol.6
, pp. 440-468
-
-
Schafer, J.1
Huebner, B.2
Bynum, T.3
-
77
-
-
55149087944
-
Th e infl uence of race/ethnicity, social class, and neighborhood context on resident's attitudes toward the police
-
Schuck, Amie, Dennis Rosenbaum, and Darnell Hawkins. 2008. Th e infl uence of race/ethnicity, social class, and neighborhood context on resident's attitudes toward the police. Police Quarterly 11: 496 - 519.
-
(2008)
Police Quarterly
, vol.11
, pp. 496-519
-
-
Schuck, A.1
Rosenbaum, D.2
Hawkins, D.3
-
79
-
-
34548309194
-
To serve and protect? Th e experiences of policing in the community of young people from black and other ethnic minority groups
-
Sharp, Douglas, and Susie Atherton. 2007. To serve and protect? Th e experiences of policing in the community of young people from black and other ethnic minority groups. British Journal of Criminology 47: 746 - 763.
-
(2007)
British Journal of Criminology
, vol.47
, pp. 746-763
-
-
Sharp, D.1
Atherton, S.2
-
81
-
-
0002393927
-
Aft er the riots: Police and minorities in the United States.
-
N. Glazer and K. Young (eds.), Toronto: Lexington.
-
Sherman, Lawrence. 1983. Aft er the riots: Police and minorities in the United States. In N. Glazer and K. Young (eds.), Ethnic pluralism and public policy. Toronto: Lexington.
-
(1983)
Ethnic pluralism and public policy.
-
-
Sherman, L.1
-
82
-
-
0031283719
-
Police brutality and public perceptions of racial discrimination
-
Sigelman, Lee, Susan Welch, Timothy Bledsoe, and Michael Combs. 1997. Police brutality and public perceptions of racial discrimination. Political Research Quarterly 50: 777 - 91.
-
(1997)
Political Research Quarterly
, vol.50
, pp. 777-91
-
-
Sigelman, L.1
Welch, S.2
Bledsoe, T.3
Combs, M.4
-
83
-
-
53249153939
-
Citizen satisfaction with police services.
-
R. Baker and F. Meyer (eds.), Lexington: Lexington Books.
-
Skogan, Wesley. 1979. Citizen satisfaction with police services. In R. Baker and F. Meyer (eds.), Evaluating alternative law enforcement policies. Lexington: Lexington Books.
-
(1979)
Evaluating alternative law enforcement policies.
-
-
Skogan, W.1
-
84
-
-
85050786724
-
Asymmetry in the impact of encounters with police.
-
Skogan, Wesley. 2006a. Asymmetry in the impact of encounters with police. Policing and Society 16: 99- 126.
-
(2006)
Policing and Society
, vol.16
, pp. 99-126
-
-
Skogan, W.1
-
87
-
-
0142198999
-
Th e impact of police offi cer diversity on police-caused homicides
-
Smith, Brad. 2005. Th e impact of police offi cer diversity on police-caused homicides. Policy Studies Journal 31: 147 - 162.
-
(2005)
Policy Studies Journal
, vol.31
, pp. 147-162
-
-
Smith, B.1
-
88
-
-
0000287921
-
Th e neighborhood context of police behavior.
-
A. Reiss and M. Tonry (eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-
Smith, Douglas. 1986. Th e neighborhood context of police behavior. In A. Reiss and M. Tonry (eds.), Crime and Justice, vol. 8. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-
(1986)
Crime and Justice
, vol.8
-
-
Smith, D.1
-
89
-
-
84950610966
-
Factors related to killings of felons by police offi cers
-
Sorenson, Jonathan, James Marquart, and Deon Brock. 1993. Factors related to killings of felons by police offi cers. Justice Quarterly 10: 417 - 440.
-
(1993)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.10
, pp. 417-440
-
-
Sorenson, J.1
Marquart, J.2
Brock, D.3
-
90
-
-
84963083448
-
Th e racial patterning of rape
-
South, Scott, and Richard Felson. 1990. Th e racial patterning of rape. Social Forces 69: 71 - 93.
-
(1990)
Social Forces
, vol.69
, pp. 71-93
-
-
South, S.1
Felson, R.2
-
91
-
-
5644299363
-
A multilevel test of racial threat theory.
-
Stolzenberg, Lisa, Steward D'Alessio, and David Eitle. 2004. A multilevel test of racial threat theory. Criminology 42: 673- 698.
-
(2004)
Criminology
, vol.42
, pp. 673-698
-
-
Stolzenberg, L.1
D'Alessio, S.2
Eitle, D.3
-
92
-
-
35348906051
-
Racial context and police force size
-
Stults, Brian, and Eric Baumer. 2007. Racial context and police force size. American Journal of Sociology 113: 507 - 546.
-
(2007)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.113
, pp. 507-546
-
-
Stults, B.1
Baumer, E.2
-
93
-
-
0042676291
-
Coppin' an attitude: Attitudinal diff erences among juveniles toward police.
-
Taylor, Terrance, K. B. Turner, Finn-Aage Esbensen, and L. Th omas Winfree. 2001. Coppin' an attitude: Attitudinal diff erences among juveniles toward police. Journal of Criminal Justice 29: 295- 305.
-
(2001)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.29
, pp. 295-305
-
-
Taylor, T.1
Turner, K.B.2
Esbensen, F.-A.3
Thomas Winfree, L.4
-
95
-
-
84900671831
-
Working the street: Does community policing matter?
-
W. Skogan (ed.), Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
-
Terrill, William, and Stephen Mastrofski. 2004. Working the street: Does community policing matter? In W. Skogan (ed.), Community policing: Can it work? Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
-
(2004)
Community policing: Can it work?
-
-
Terrill, W.1
Mastrofski, S.2
-
96
-
-
0037849648
-
Th e role of public social control in urban neighborhoods
-
Velez, Maria. 2001. Th e role of public social control in urban neighborhoods. Criminology 39: 837 - 863.
-
(2001)
Criminology
, vol.39
, pp. 837-863
-
-
Velez, M.1
-
97
-
-
0040355910
-
Encounters between Dutch police and minorities
-
Vrij, Albert, and F. Winkel. 1991. Encounters between Dutch police and minorities. Police Studies 14: 17 - 23.
-
(1991)
Police Studies
, vol.14
, pp. 17-23
-
-
Vrij, A.1
Winkel, F.2
-
98
-
-
84928219153
-
Policing a divided society: Obstacles to normalization in Northern Ireland
-
Weitzer, Ronald. 1985. Policing a divided society: Obstacles to normalization in Northern Ireland. Social Problems 33: 41 - 55.
-
(1985)
Social Problems
, vol.33
, pp. 41-55
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
101
-
-
26444594426
-
Citizens' perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context
-
Weitzer, Ronald. 1999. Citizens' perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context. Justice Quarterly 16: 819 - 846.
-
(1999)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.16
, pp. 819-846
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
102
-
-
0034337879
-
Racialized policing: Residents' perceptions in three neighborhoods.
-
Weitzer, Ronald. 2000a. Racialized policing: Residents' perceptions in three neighborhoods. Law and Society Review 34: 129 - 155.
-
(2000)
Law and Society Review
, vol.34
, pp. 129-155
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
103
-
-
0034216516
-
White, black, or blue cops? Race and citizen assessments of police offi cers.
-
Weitzer, Ronald. 2000b. White, black, or blue cops? Race and citizen assessments of police offi cers. Journal of Criminal Justice 28: 313 - 324.
-
(2000)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.28
, pp. 313-324
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
104
-
-
0036721810
-
Incidents of police misconduct and public opinion
-
Weitzer, Ronald. 2002. Incidents of police misconduct and public opinion. Journal of Criminal Justice 30: 397 - 408.
-
(2002)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.30
, pp. 397-408
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
105
-
-
64549128775
-
Strategic responses to the police among inner-city youth
-
Weitzer, Ronald, and Rod Brunson. 2009. Strategic responses to the police among inner-city youth. Sociological Quarterly 50: 235 - 256.
-
(2009)
Sociological Quarterly
, vol.50
, pp. 235-256
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
Brunson, R.2
-
106
-
-
22844457272
-
Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police
-
Weitzer, Ronald, and Steven Tuch. 1999. Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime and Delinquency 45: 494 - 507.
-
(1999)
Crime and Delinquency
, vol.45
, pp. 494-507
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
Tuch, S.2
-
107
-
-
0036563041
-
Perceptions of racial profi ling: Race, class, and personal experience
-
Weitzer, Ronald, and Steven Tuch. 2002. Perceptions of racial profi ling: Race, class, and personal experience. Criminology 40: 435 - 456.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 435-456
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
Tuch, S.2
-
113
-
-
0031351129
-
Just deserts? Th e racial polarization of perceptions of criminal injustice
-
Wortley, Scot, John Hagan, and Ross Macmillan. 1997. Just deserts? Th e racial polarization of perceptions of criminal injustice. Law and Society Review 31: 637 - 676.
-
(1997)
Law and Society Review
, vol.31
, pp. 637-676
-
-
Wortley, S.1
Hagan, J.2
Macmillan, R.3
-
114
-
-
61449245755
-
Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police?
-
Wu, Yuning, Ivan Sun, and Ruth Triplett. 2009. Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police? Justice Quarterly 26: 125 - 156.
-
(2009)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.26
, pp. 125-156
-
-
Wu, Y.1
Sun, I.2
Triplett, R.3
-
115
-
-
17144424607
-
Discovering the impact of community policing: Th e broken windows thesis, collective effi cacy, and citizens' judgment.
-
Xu, Yili, Mora Fiedler, and Karl Flaming. 2005. Discovering the impact of community policing: Th e broken windows thesis, collective effi cacy, and citizens' judgment. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 42: 147 - 186.
-
(2005)
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
, vol.42
, pp. 147-186
-
-
Xu, Y.1
Fiedler, M.2
Flaming, K.3
|