메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 125-156

Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police?

Author keywords

Class; Neighborhood context; Race; Satisfaction with police

Indexed keywords


EID: 61449245755     PISSN: 07418825     EISSN: 17459109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07418820802119950     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (243)

References (95)
  • 2
    • 0003072609 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood racial composition and residents' evaluation of police performance
    • Apple, N., & O'Brien, D. (1983). Neighborhood racial composition and residents' evaluation of police performance. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11, 76-84.
    • (1983) Journal of Police Science and Administration , vol.11 , pp. 76-84
    • Apple, N.1    O'Brien, D.2
  • 5
    • 61449262259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biderman, A., Louise, A., Jennie, M., & Adrianne, W. (1967). Report on a pilot study in the District of Columbia on victimization and attitudes toward law enforcement. US President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Field Survey I. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
    • Biderman, A., Louise, A., Jennie, M., & Adrianne, W. (1967). Report on a pilot study in the District of Columbia on victimization and attitudes toward law enforcement. US President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Field Survey I. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
  • 6
    • 0000437305 scopus 로고
    • The social disorganization of arrest
    • Black, D. (1971). The social disorganization of arrest. Stanford Law Review, 23, 1087-1111.
    • (1971) Stanford Law Review , vol.23 , pp. 1087-1111
    • Black, D.1
  • 7
    • 0003994317 scopus 로고
    • San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Black, D. (1976). The behavior of law. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1976) The behavior of law
    • Black, D.1
  • 10
    • 84964179951 scopus 로고
    • Race prejudice as a sense of group position
    • Blumer, H. (1958). Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review, 1, 3-7.
    • (1958) Pacific Sociological Review , vol.1 , pp. 3-7
    • Blumer, H.1
  • 11
    • 0030318221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending Blumer's theory of group position to a multiracial social context
    • Bobo, L., & Hutchings, V. (1996). Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending Blumer's theory of group position to a multiracial social context. American Sociological Review, 61, 951-972.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , pp. 951-972
    • Bobo, L.1    Hutchings, V.2
  • 13
    • 0000516553 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the police: A comparison of Black street and household respondents
    • Boggs, S., & Galliher, J. (1975). Evaluating the police: A comparison of Black street and household respondents. Social Problems, 22, 393-406.
    • (1975) Social Problems , vol.22 , pp. 393-406
    • Boggs, S.1    Galliher, J.2
  • 14
    • 85055759824 scopus 로고
    • Citizen interview, organizational feedback, and police-community relations decisions
    • Bordua, D., & Tifft, L. (1971). Citizen interview, organizational feedback, and police-community relations decisions. Law and Society Review, 6, 155-182.
    • (1971) Law and Society Review , vol.6 , pp. 155-182
    • Bordua, D.1    Tifft, L.2
  • 15
    • 0001471239 scopus 로고
    • Global and specific attitudes toward the police: Disentangling the relationship
    • Brandl, S., Frank, J., Worden, R., & Bynum, T. (1994). Global and specific attitudes toward the police: Disentangling the relationship. Justice Quarterly, 11, 119-134.
    • (1994) Justice Quarterly , vol.11 , pp. 119-134
    • Brandl, S.1    Frank, J.2    Worden, R.3    Bynum, T.4
  • 16
    • 3142711188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of the police: Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications
    • Brown, B., & Benedict, W. (2002). Perceptions of the police: Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 25, 543-580.
    • (2002) Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management , vol.25 , pp. 543-580
    • Brown, B.1    Benedict, W.2
  • 17
    • 0000468510 scopus 로고
    • The impact of race on criminal justice ideology
    • Browning, S., & Cao, L. (1992). The impact of race on criminal justice ideology. Justice Quarterly, 9, 685-701.
    • (1992) Justice Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 685-701
    • Browning, S.1    Cao, L.2
  • 19
    • 85067058897 scopus 로고
    • Black cops, Inc
    • E. Cashmore & E. McLaughlin Eds, New York: Routledge
    • Cashmore, E. (1991). Black cops, Inc. In E. Cashmore & E. McLaughlin (Eds.), Out of order: Policing black people (pp. 97-108). New York: Routledge.
    • (1991) Out of order: Policing black people , pp. 97-108
    • Cashmore, E.1
  • 20
    • 0002618676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, community context and confidence in the police
    • Cao, L., Frank, J., & Cullen, F. (1996). Race, community context and confidence in the police. American Journal of Police, 15, 3-22.
    • (1996) American Journal of Police , vol.15 , pp. 3-22
    • Cao, L.1    Frank, J.2    Cullen, F.3
  • 21
    • 0000614734 scopus 로고
    • Hispanic perception of police performance: An empirical assessment
    • Carter, D. (1985). Hispanic perception of police performance: An empirical assessment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 13, 487-500.
    • (1985) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.13 , pp. 487-500
    • Carter, D.1
  • 22
    • 0030524551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public perceptions of state police: An analysis of individual-level and contextual variables
    • Correia, M., Reisig, M., & Lovrich, N. (1996). Public perceptions of state police: An analysis of individual-level and contextual variables. Journal of Criminal Justice, 24, 17-28.
    • (1996) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.24 , pp. 17-28
    • Correia, M.1    Reisig, M.2    Lovrich, N.3
  • 23
    • 84994995552 scopus 로고
    • Citizen ratings of the police: The difference contact makes
    • Dean, D. (1980). Citizen ratings of the police: The difference contact makes. Law & Policy Quarterly, 2, 445-471.
    • (1980) Law & Policy Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 445-471
    • Dean, D.1
  • 25
    • 84970460568 scopus 로고
    • Black attitudes toward police and the courts
    • December, 5-13
    • Dillingham, G. (1974). Black attitudes toward police and the courts. Black World, December, 5-13.
    • (1974) Black World
    • Dillingham, G.1
  • 26
    • 0001418613 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood differences in attitudes toward policing: Evidence for a mixed-strategy model of policing in a multi-ethnic setting
    • Dunham, R., & Alpert, G. (1988). Neighborhood differences in attitudes toward policing: Evidence for a mixed-strategy model of policing in a multi-ethnic setting. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 79, 504-523.
    • (1988) Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology , vol.79 , pp. 504-523
    • Dunham, R.1    Alpert, G.2
  • 27
    • 26844527634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizens' perceptions of distributive and procedural injustice during traffic stops with police
    • Engel, R. (2005). Citizens' perceptions of distributive and procedural injustice during traffic stops with police. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42, 445-481.
    • (2005) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.42 , pp. 445-481
    • Engel, R.1
  • 28
    • 0001288118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the impact of race on citizens' attitudes toward the police: A research note
    • Frank, J., Brandl, S., Cullen, F., & Stichman, A. (1996). Reassessing the impact of race on citizens' attitudes toward the police: A research note. Justice Quarterly, 13, 321-334.
    • (1996) Justice Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 321-334
    • Frank, J.1    Brandl, S.2    Cullen, F.3    Stichman, A.4
  • 29
    • 84993734334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the basis of citizens' attitudes toward the police
    • Frank, J., Smith, B., & Novak, K. (2005). Exploring the basis of citizens' attitudes toward the police. Police Quarterly, 8, 206-228.
    • (2005) Police Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 206-228
    • Frank, J.1    Smith, B.2    Novak, K.3
  • 31
    • 85050707706 scopus 로고
    • Calling the police: The evaluation of police service
    • Furstenberg, F., & Wellford, C. (1973). Calling the police: The evaluation of police service. Law and Society Review, 7, 393-406.
    • (1973) Law and Society Review , vol.7 , pp. 393-406
    • Furstenberg, F.1    Wellford, C.2
  • 34
    • 14544288583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and satisfaction with the police in a small city
    • Garcia, V., & Cao, L. (2005). Race and satisfaction with the police in a small city. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 191-199.
    • (2005) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.33 , pp. 191-199
    • Garcia, V.1    Cao, L.2
  • 36
    • 84925975357 scopus 로고
    • Race, class, and the perceptions of criminal injustice in America
    • Hagan, J., & Albonetti, C. (1982). Race, class, and the perceptions of criminal injustice in America. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 329-355.
    • (1982) American Journal of Sociology , vol.88 , pp. 329-355
    • Hagan, J.1    Albonetti, C.2
  • 37
    • 33344471424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police-resident interactions and satisfaction with police: An empirical test of community policing assertions
    • Hawdon, J., & Ryan, J. (2003). Police-resident interactions and satisfaction with police: An empirical test of community policing assertions. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 14, 55-74.
    • (2003) Criminal Justice Policy Review , vol.14 , pp. 55-74
    • Hawdon, J.1    Ryan, J.2
  • 38
    • 0021636599 scopus 로고
    • The effect of victimization and the police response on citizen's attitudes toward police
    • Homant, R., Kennedy, D., & Fleming, R. (1984). The effect of victimization and the police response on citizen's attitudes toward police. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12, 323-332.
    • (1984) Journal of Police Science and Administration , vol.12 , pp. 323-332
    • Homant, R.1    Kennedy, D.2    Fleming, R.3
  • 39
    • 0003115177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support and confidence: Public attitudes toward the police
    • T. Flanagan & D. Longmire Eds, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Huang, W., & Vaughn, M. (1996). Support and confidence: Public attitudes toward the police. In T. Flanagan & D. Longmire (Eds.), Americans view crime and justice: A national public opinion survey (pp. 31-45). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1996) Americans view crime and justice: A national public opinion survey , pp. 31-45
    • Huang, W.1    Vaughn, M.2
  • 40
    • 0034179155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How kids view cops: The nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police
    • Hurst, Y., & Frank, J. (2000). How kids view cops: The nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 189-203.
    • (2000) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.28 , pp. 189-203
    • Hurst, Y.1    Frank, J.2
  • 41
    • 33847654275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public confidence in policing: A neo-Durkheimian perspective
    • Jackson, J., & Sunshine, J. (2006). Public confidence in policing: A neo-Durkheimian perspective. British Journal of Criminology, 47, 214-233.
    • (2006) British Journal of Criminology , vol.47 , pp. 214-233
    • Jackson, J.1    Sunshine, J.2
  • 42
    • 0002198666 scopus 로고
    • Black and white perceptions of justice in the city
    • Jacob, H. (1971). Black and white perceptions of justice in the city. Law and Society Review, 5, 69-89.
    • (1971) Law and Society Review , vol.5 , pp. 69-89
    • Jacob, H.1
  • 43
    • 21144463470 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes to the police of ethnic minorities in a provincial city
    • Jefferson, T., & Walker, M. (1993). Attitudes to the police of ethnic minorities in a provincial city. British Journal of Criminology, 33, 251-266.
    • (1993) British Journal of Criminology , vol.33 , pp. 251-266
    • Jefferson, T.1    Walker, M.2
  • 45
    • 0002653005 scopus 로고
    • The effect of crime victimization and judicial or police contacts on public attitudes toward the local police
    • Koenig, D. (1980). The effect of crime victimization and judicial or police contacts on public attitudes toward the local police. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 8, 243-249.
    • (1980) Journal of Police Science and Administration , vol.8 , pp. 243-249
    • Koenig, D.1
  • 47
    • 0004194536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maguire, K, & Pastore, A, Eds, Retrieved February 13, 2007 from
    • Maguire, K., & Pastore, A. (Eds.) (2007). Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http:www.albany.edu/ sourcebook.
    • (2007) Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
  • 51
    • 84965636031 scopus 로고
    • African Americans' attitudes toward the local police: A multivariate analysis
    • Parker, K., Onyekwuluje, A., & Komanduri, S. (1995). African Americans' attitudes toward the local police: A multivariate analysis. Journal of Black Studies, 25, 396-409.
    • (1995) Journal of Black Studies , vol.25 , pp. 396-409
    • Parker, K.1    Onyekwuluje, A.2    Komanduri, S.3
  • 52
    • 0032373237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweet mothers and gangbangers: Managing crime in a black middleclass neighborhood
    • Pattillo, M. (1998). Sweet mothers and gangbangers: Managing crime in a black middleclass neighborhood. Social Forces, 76, 747-774.
    • (1998) Social Forces , vol.76 , pp. 747-774
    • Pattillo, M.1
  • 53
    • 84970301684 scopus 로고
    • Race and attitudes toward local police: Another look
    • Peek, C., Lowe, G., & Alston, J. (1981). Race and attitudes toward local police: Another look. Journal of Black Studies, 11, 361-374.
    • (1981) Journal of Black Studies , vol.11 , pp. 361-374
    • Peek, C.1    Lowe, G.2    Alston, J.3
  • 55
    • 0003520966 scopus 로고
    • President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office
    • President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967). Task force report: The police (1967). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
    • (1967) Task force report: The police (1967)
  • 56
    • 0043137651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of police performance in an African American sample
    • Priest, T., & Carter, D. (1999). Evaluation of police performance in an African American sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 27, 457-466.
    • (1999) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.27 , pp. 457-466
    • Priest, T.1    Carter, D.2
  • 58
    • 84998098768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police
    • Reisig, M., & Parks, R. (2000). Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 17, 607-630.
    • (2000) Justice Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 607-630
    • Reisig, M.1    Parks, R.2
  • 59
    • 27944471174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood context, police behavior, and satisfaction with police
    • Reisig, M., & Parks, R. (2003). Neighborhood context, police behavior, and satisfaction with police. Justice Research and Policy, 3, 37-65.
    • (2003) Justice Research and Policy , vol.3 , pp. 37-65
    • Reisig, M.1    Parks, R.2
  • 61
    • 61449154167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police Innovation post 1980: Assessing effectiveness and equity concerns in the information technology era
    • Rosenbaum, D. (2007). Police Innovation post 1980: Assessing effectiveness and equity concerns in the information technology era. IPV Review, 1, 11-44.
    • (2007) IPV Review , vol.1 , pp. 11-44
    • Rosenbaum, D.1
  • 62
    • 0002160778 scopus 로고
    • The importance of police contact in the formulation of youths' attitudes toward police
    • Rusinko, W., Johnson, K., & Hornung, C. (1978). The importance of police contact in the formulation of youths' attitudes toward police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 6, 53-67.
    • (1978) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.6 , pp. 53-67
    • Rusinko, W.1    Johnson, K.2    Hornung, C.3
  • 63
    • 84936089189 scopus 로고
    • Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory
    • Sampson, R., & Groves, B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774-802.
    • (1989) American Journal of Sociology , vol.94 , pp. 774-802
    • Sampson, R.1    Groves, B.2
  • 64
    • 0032235909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences
    • Sampson, R., & Jeglum-Bartusch, D. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law and Society Review, 32, 777-804.
    • (1998) Law and Society Review , vol.32 , pp. 777-804
    • Sampson, R.1    Jeglum-Bartusch, D.2
  • 65
    • 0001767026 scopus 로고
    • Dissatisfaction with city services
    • H. Hahn Eds, Beverly Hill, CA: Sage
    • Schuman, H., & Gruenberg, B. (1972). Dissatisfaction with city services. In H. Hahn (Eds.), People and politics in urban society (pp. 369-92). Beverly Hill, CA: Sage.
    • (1972) People and politics in urban society , pp. 369-392
    • Schuman, H.1    Gruenberg, B.2
  • 66
    • 84981642729 scopus 로고
    • Citizen satisfaction with police services: Individual and contextual effects
    • Skogan, W. (1978). Citizen satisfaction with police services: Individual and contextual effects. Police Studies Journal, special issue, 469-479.
    • (1978) Police Studies Journal , Issue.SPEC. ISSUEand 469-479
    • Skogan, W.1
  • 67
    • 84993723148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizen satisfaction with police encounters
    • Skogan, W. (2005). Citizen satisfaction with police encounters. Police Quarterly, 8, 298-321.
    • (2005) Police Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 298-321
    • Skogan, W.1
  • 69
    • 0001935703 scopus 로고
    • Minorities and the police: Attitudinal and behavioral questions
    • M. Lynch & E. Patterson Eds, Albany, NY: Harrow & Heston
    • Smith, D., Graham, N., & Adams, B. (1991). Minorities and the police: Attitudinal and behavioral questions. In M. Lynch & E. Patterson (Eds.), Race and criminal justice (pp. 23-55). Albany, NY: Harrow & Heston.
    • (1991) Race and criminal justice , pp. 23-55
    • Smith, D.1    Graham, N.2    Adams, B.3
  • 70
    • 84977011040 scopus 로고
    • Victimization, types of citizen-police contacts, and attitudes toward the police
    • Smith, P., & Hawkins, R. (1973). Victimization, types of citizen-police contacts, and attitudes toward the police. Law and Society Review, 8, 135-152.
    • (1973) Law and Society Review , vol.8 , pp. 135-152
    • Smith, P.1    Hawkins, R.2
  • 71
    • 4744348854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in resolving conflicts: A comparison between black and white police officers
    • Sun, I., & Payne, B. (2004). Racial differences in resolving conflicts: A comparison between black and white police officers. Crime and Delinquency, 50, 516-541.
    • (2004) Crime and Delinquency , vol.50 , pp. 516-541
    • Sun, I.1    Payne, B.2
  • 72
    • 84928459984 scopus 로고
    • Attitude structures of different ethnic and age groups concerning police
    • Sullivan, P., Dunham, R., & Alpert, G. (1987). Attitude structures of different ethnic and age groups concerning police. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 78, 177-193.
    • (1987) Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology , vol.78 , pp. 177-193
    • Sullivan, P.1    Dunham, R.2    Alpert, G.3
  • 74
    • 0042676291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coppin' an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police
    • Taylor, T., Turner, K., Esbensen, F., & Winfree, L. (2001). Coppin' an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 295-305.
    • (2001) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.29 , pp. 295-305
    • Taylor, T.1    Turner, K.2    Esbensen, F.3    Winfree, L.4
  • 75
    • 34548713948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime victims' satisfaction with police services: An assessment in one urban community
    • Tewksbury, R., & West, A. (2001). Crime victims' satisfaction with police services: An assessment in one urban community. Justice Professional, 14, 271-285.
    • (2001) Justice Professional , vol.14 , pp. 271-285
    • Tewksbury, R.1    West, A.2
  • 76
    • 0003803721 scopus 로고
    • New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Tyler, T. (1990). Why people obey the law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (1990) Why people obey the law
    • Tyler, T.1
  • 77
    • 18844364533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procedural justice, legitimacy, and the effective rule of law
    • M. Tonry Ed, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Tyler, T. (2003). Procedural justice, legitimacy, and the effective rule of law. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 283-357). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2003) Crime and justice: A review of research , pp. 283-357
    • Tyler, T.1
  • 78
    • 84993708242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police
    • Tyler, T. (2005). Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. Police Quarterly, 8, 322-342.
    • (2005) Police Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 322-342
    • Tyler, T.1
  • 79
    • 21844504604 scopus 로고
    • Collective restraint in social dilemmas: Procedural justice and social identification effects on support for authorities
    • Tyler, T., & Degoey, P. (1995). Collective restraint in social dilemmas: Procedural justice and social identification effects on support for authorities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 482-497.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 482-497
    • Tyler, T.1    Degoey, P.2
  • 80
    • 0038488237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of attenuated culture in social disorganization theory
    • Warner, B. (2003). Role of attenuated culture in social disorganization theory. Criminology, 41, 73-98.
    • (2003) Criminology , vol.41 , pp. 73-98
    • Warner, B.1
  • 81
    • 33947103986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directly intervene or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework
    • Warner, B. (2007). Directly intervene or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework. Criminology, 45, 99-129.
    • (2007) Criminology , vol.45 , pp. 99-129
    • Warner, B.1
  • 82
    • 61449108447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warner, B., Leukefeld, C., & Kraman, P. (2002). Informal social control of crime in high drug use neighborhood: Final project report. Washington DC: Department of Justice.
    • Warner, B., Leukefeld, C., & Kraman, P. (2002). Informal social control of crime in high drug use neighborhood: Final project report. Washington DC: Department of Justice.
  • 83
    • 0039190946 scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of race and ethnicity on citizen attitudes toward the police
    • Webb, V., & Marshall, C. (1995). The relative importance of race and ethnicity on citizen attitudes toward the police. American Journal of Police, 24, 45-66.
    • (1995) American Journal of Police , vol.24 , pp. 45-66
    • Webb, V.1    Marshall, C.2
  • 84
    • 26444594426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizens' perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context
    • Weitzer, R. (1999). Citizens' perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context. Justice Quarterly, 16, 819-846.
    • (1999) Justice Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 819-846
    • Weitzer, R.1
  • 85
    • 0034337879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racialized policing: Residents' perceptions in three neighborhoods
    • Weitzer, R. (2000). Racialized policing: Residents' perceptions in three neighborhoods. Law and Society Review, 34, 129-155.
    • (2000) Law and Society Review , vol.34 , pp. 129-155
    • Weitzer, R.1
  • 86
    • 22844457272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (1999). Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 494-507.
    • (1999) Crime and Delinquency , vol.45 , pp. 494-507
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.2
  • 87
    • 0036563041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class, and personal experience
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2002). Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class, and personal experience. Criminology, 40, 435-457.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 435-457
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.2
  • 88
    • 3142773036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and perceptions of police misconduct
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2004a). Race and perceptions of police misconduct. Social Problems, 51, 305-325.
    • (2004) Social Problems , vol.51 , pp. 305-325
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.2
  • 89
    • 3142783454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reforming the police: Racial differences in public support for change
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2004b). Reforming the police: Racial differences in public support for change. Criminology, 42, 391-416.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , pp. 391-416
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.2
  • 90
    • 84993736241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of public satisfaction with the police
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2005a). Determinants of public satisfaction with the police. Police Quarterly, 8, 279-297.
    • (2005) Police Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 279-297
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.2
  • 91
    • 20144372930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racially biased policing: Determinants of citizen perceptions
    • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. (2005b). Racially biased policing: Determinants of citizen perceptions. Social Forces, 83, 1009-1030.
    • (2005) Social Forces , vol.83 , pp. 1009-1030
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.