Neighborhood context and police use of force

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 291-321

  Terrill, William ^a   Reisig, Michael D ^b  

^a NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Force; Neighborhood disadvantage; Police

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; DATA ANALYSIS; EDUCATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; OFFENDER; POLICE; RACE; SOCIAL PROBLEM; TRAINING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0037897746     PISSN: 00224278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022427803253800     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Alpert, Geoffrey P. and Roger G. Dunham. 1997. The Force Factor: Measuring Police Use of Force Relative to Suspect Resistance. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
2. Bayley, David H. and James Garofalo. 1989. "The Management of Violence by Police Patrol Officers." Criminology 27:1-27.
3. Bayley, David H. and Harold Mendelsohn. 1969. Minorities and the Police: Confrontation in America. New York: Free Press.
4. Bittner, Egon. 1970. The Functions of Police in Modern Society. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
5. Black, Donald. 1976. The Behavior of Law. New York: Academic Press.
6. -. 1980. Manners and Customs of the Police. New York: Academic Press.
7. Blau, Peter M. and W. Richard Scott. 1962. Formal Organizations: A Comparative Approach. San Francisco: Chandler.
8. Brown, Michael K. 1981. Working the Street: Police Discretion and the Dilemmas of Reform. New York: Russell Sage.
9. Bryk, Anthony S. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1992. Hierarchical Linear Models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
10. Bursik, Robert J. and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimension of Effective Community Control. New York: Lexington.
11. Connor, Greg. 1991. "Use of Force Continuum: Phase II." Law and Order 3:30-2.
12. Chevigny, Paul. 1969. Police Power: Police Abuses in New York City. New York: Pantheon.
13. Desmedt, John. 1984. "Use of Force Paradigm for Law Enforcement." Journal of Criminal Justice 12:170-6.
14. Duncan, G. J. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1999. "Assessing the Effects of Context in Studies of Child and Youth Development." Educational Psychologist 34:29-41.
15. Friedrich, Robert J. 1977. "The Impact of Organizational, Individual, and Situational Factors on Police Behavior." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
16. Fyfe, James J. 1978. "Shots Fired: A Typological Examination of New York City Police Firearms Discharges, 1971-1975." Ph.D. dissertation, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York at Albany.
17. -. 1988. The Metro-Dade Police-Citizen Violence Reduction Project, Final Report, Executive Summary. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
18. Garner, Joel H., Thomas Schade, John Hepburn, and John Buchanan. 1995. "Measuring the Continuum of Force Used By and Against the Police." Criminal Justice Review 20:146-68.
19. Goldstein, Joseph. 1960. "Police Discretion Not to Invoke the Criminal Process: Low Visibility Decisions in the Administration of Justice." Yale Law Journal 69:543-94.
20. Herbert, Steve. 1998. "Police Subculture Revisited." Criminology 36:343-69.
21. Kania, Richard R. E. and Wade C. Mackey. 1977. "Police Violence as a Function of Community Characteristics." Criminology 15:27-48.
22. Klinger, David A. 1995. "The Micro-Structure of Nonlethal Force: Baseline Data from and Observational Study." Criminal Justice Review 20:169-86.
23. -. 1997. "Negotiating Order in Patrol Work: An Ecological Theory of Police Response to Deviance." Criminology 35:277-306.
24. Manning, Peter K. 1989. "The Police Occupational Culture in Anglo-American Societies." Pp. 472-5 in Encyclopedia of Police Science, edited by William G. Bailey. Dallas, TX: Garland.
25. Mastrofski, Stephen D., Roger B. Parks, Albert J. Reiss Jr., Robert. E. Worden, Christina DeJong, Jeffrey, B. Snipes, and William Terrill. 1998. "Systematic Observation of Public Police: Applying Field Research Methods to Policy Issues." Report NCJ 172859. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
26. Mastrofski, Stephen D., Michael D. Reisig, and John D. McCluskey. 2002. "Police Disrespect Toward the Public: An Encounter-Based Analysis." Criminology 40: 3, pp. 519-552.
27. McCluskey, John D., Michael D. Reisig, Stephen D. Mastrofski, and William Terrill. 1999. "Nasty as They Wanna Be? An Investigation of Suspect Aggression During Police Encounters." Presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, November, Toronto, Canada.
28. McLaughlin, Vance. 1992. Police and the Use of Force: The Savannah Study. Westport, CT: Praeger.
29. Mok, Magdalena and Marcellin Flynn. 1998. "Effect of Catholic School Culture on Students' Achievement in the Higher School Certificate Examination: A Multilevel Path Analysis." Educational Psychology 18:409-32.
30. Morenoff, Jeffrey D., Robert J. Sampson, and Stephen D. Raudenbush. 2001. "Neighborhood Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and the Spatial Dynamics of Urban Violence." Criminology 39:517-60.
31. Muir, William Ker, Jr. 1977. Police: Streetcorner Politicians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32. Niederhoffer, Arthur. 1967. Behind the Shield: Police in Urban Society. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
33. Parks, Roger B., Stephen D. Mastrofski, Christina DeJong, and M. Kevin Gray. 1999. "How Officers Spend Their Time with the Community." Justice Quarterly 16:483-518.
34. Regoli, Robert M. and Eric D. Poole. 1978. "Specifying Police Cynicism." Journal of Police Science and Administration 6:98-104.
35. Reisig, Michael D. and Roger B. Parks. 2000. "Experience, Quality of Life, and Neighborhood Context: A Hierarchical Analysis of Satisfaction with Police." Justice Quarterly 17: 607-30.
36. Reiss, Albert J. Jr. 1968. "Police Brutality - Answers to Key Questions." Trans-action 5: 10-19.
37. -. 1971. The Police and the Public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
38. Reiss, Albert J., Jr. and David Bordua. 1967. "Environment and Organization: A Perspective on the Police." Pp. 25-55 in The Police: Six Sociological Essays, edited by David Bordua. New York: John Wiley.
39. Rountree, Pamela Wilcox, Kenneth C. Land, and Terance D. Miethe. 1994. "Macro-Micro Integration in the Study of Victimization: A Hierarchical Logistic Model Analysis Across Seattle Neighborhoods." Criminology 32:387-414.
40. Sampson, Robert J. and William Julius Wilson. 1995. "Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality." Pp. 37-54 in Crime and Inequality, edited by John Hagan and Ruth Peterson. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
41. Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. "Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy." Science 277:918-24.
42. Sampson, Robert J. and Dawn Jeglum-Bartusch. 1998. "Legal Cynicism and Subcultural? Tolerance of Deviance: The Neighborhood Context of Racial Differences." Law & Society Review 32:777-804.
43. Sampson, Robert J. and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1999. "Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods." American Journal of Sociology 105:603-51.
44. Shaw, Clifford R. and Henry D. McKay. 1942. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
45. Sherman, Lawrence W. 1986. "Policing Communities: What Works?" Pp. 343-86 in Communities and Crime, edited by Albert J. Reiss Jr., and Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
46. Skogan, Wesley and Susan M. Hartnett. 1997. Community Policing, Chicago Style. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. Skolnick, Jerome H. 1994. Justice Without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society, 3d ed. New York: MacMillan.
48. Slovak, Jeffrey. 1986. Styles of Urban Policing. New York: New York University Press.
49. Small, Mario Luis and Katherine Newman. 2001. "Urban Poverty After The Truly Disadvantaged: The Recovery of the Family, the Neighborhood, and Culture." Annual Review of Sociology 27:23-45.
50. Smith, Douglas A. 1984. "The Organizational Context of Legal Control." Criminology 22:19-38.
51. -. 1986. "The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior." Pp. 313-41 in Communities and Crime, edited by Albert J. Reiss Jr., and Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
52. Stark, Rodney. 1987. "Deviant Places: A Theory of the Ecology of Crime." Criminology 25:893-909.
53. Sykes, Richard E. and Edward E. Brent. 1983. Policing: A Social Behaviorist Perspective. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
54. Taylor, Ralph B. 1997. "Crime, Grime, and Responses to Crime: Relative Impacts of Neighborhood Structure, Crime, and Physical Deterioration on Residents and Business Personnel in the Twin Cities. Pp. 63-75 in Crime Prevention at the Crossroads, edited by S. P. Lab. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
55. Terrill, William. 2001. Police Coercion: Application of the Force Continuum. New York: LFB.
56. Terrill, William and Stephen D. Mastrofski. 2002. "Situational and Officer Based Determinants of Police Coercion." Justice Quarterly 19:101-34.
57. Toch, Hans. 1969. Violent Men: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Violence. Chicago: Aldine.
58. Van Maanen, John. 1974. "Working the Street: A Developmental View of Police Behavior." Pp. 93-130 in The Potential for Reform in Criminal Justice, edited by Herbert Jacob. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
59. Weitzer, Ronald. 1999. "Citizens' Perceptions of Police Misconduct: Race and Neighborhood Context." Justice Quarterly 16:819-46.
60. Welsh, Wayne N., Jack R. Greene, and Patricia H. Jenkins. 1999. "School Disorder: The Influence of Individual, Institutional, and Community Factors." Criminology 37:73-116.
61. Werthman, Carl and Irving Piliavin. 1967. "Gang Members and the Police." Pp. 56-98 in The Police: Six Sociological Essays, edited by David Bordua. New York: John Wiley.
62. Westley, William A. 1953. "Violence and the Police." American Journal of Sociology 59:34-41.
63. White, Susan O. 1972. "A Perspective on Police Professionalization." Law & Society Review 7:61-85.
64. Whyte, William F. 1943. Street Corner Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Wilson, James Q. 1968. Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
66. Wilson, William Julius. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
67. Worden, Robert E. 1989. "Situational and Attitudinal Explanations of Police Behavior: A Theoretical Reappraisal and Empirical Assessment." Law & Society Review 23:667-711.
68. -. 1995. "The 'Causes' of Police Brutality: Theory and Evidence On Police Use of Force." pp. 31-60. In And Justice for All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force, edited by William A. Geller and Hans Toch. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.