Musculoskeletal disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Cielen, Nele ^a   Maes, Karen ^a   Gayan Ramirez, Ghislaine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (POTASSIUM SODIUM); CALCIUM; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR; CIGARETTE SMOKE; CORTICOSTEROID; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; TESTOSTERONE; TRIAMCINOLONE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANDROGEN THERAPY; BODY MASS; BONE DENSITY; BONE FRAGILITY; BONE MASS; BONE REMODELING; BONE STRENGTH; BONE TURNOVER; CACHEXIA; CALORIC INTAKE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EXERCISE; FRACTURE NONUNION; FRAGILITY FRACTURE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; HYPOGONADISM; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MALNUTRITION; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; MUSCLE EXERCISE; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE GROWTH; MUSCLE MASS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY; OSSIFICATION; OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL INACTIVITY; PROTEIN CARBONYLATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PULMONARY REHABILITATION; QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; SUN EXPOSURE; UPREGULATION; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION; COMPLICATION; HEALTH STATUS; MORTALITY; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES; PREVALENCE; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE;

HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES; PREVALENCE; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; QUALITY OF LIFE;

EID: 84899513259     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/965764     Document Type: Review

References (251)

1. Vestbo J., Hurd S. S., Agusti A. G., Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2013 187 4 347 365
2. World Health Statistics,. internet Communication, 2013
3. Decramer M., Janssens W., Miravitlles M., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet 2012 379 9823 1341 1351 2-s2.0-84859424158 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9
4. Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1999 159 4 S1 S40 2-s2.0-0032911881
5. Seymour J. M., Spruit M. A., Hopkinson N. S., Natanek S. A., Man W. D.-C., Jackson A., Gosker H. R., Schols A. M. W. J., Moxham J., Polkey M. I., Wouters E. F. M., The prevalence of quadriceps weakness in COPD and the relationship with disease severity. The European Respiratory Journal 2010 36 1 81 88 2-s2.0-77954645908 10.1183/09031936.00104909
6. Engelen M. P. K. J., Schols A. M. W. J., Does J. D., Wouters E. F. M., Skeletal muscle weakness is associated with wasting of extremity fat-free mass but not with airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000 71 3 733 738 2-s2.0-0033998204 (Pubitemid 30118565)
7. WHO Scientific Group, Prevention and management of osteoporosis: report of a WHO scientific group. internet communication, 2013
8. Graat-Verboom L., Wouters E. F. M., Smeen F. W. J. M., van den Borne B. E. E. M., Lunde R., Spruit M. A., Current status of research on osteoporosis in COPD: a systematic review. The European Respiratory Journal 2009 34 1 209 218 2-s2.0-69249123772 10.1183/09031936.50130408
9. Bolton C. E., Ionescu A. A., Shiels K. M., Pettit R. J., Edwards P. H., Stone M. D., Nixon L. S., Evans W. D., Griffiths T. L., Shale D. J., Associated loss of fat-free mass and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004 170 12 1286 1293 2-s2.0-10644288504 10.1164/rccm.200406-754OC (Pubitemid 39657192)
10. de Vries F., van Staa T. P., Bracke M. S. G. M., Cooper C., Leufkens H. G. M., Lammers J.-W. J., Severity of obstructive airway disease and risk of osteoporotic fracture. The European Respiratory Journal 2005 25 5 879 884 2-s2.0-18744382538 10.1183/09031936.05.00058204 (Pubitemid 40667687)
11. Kjensli A., Mowinckel P., Ryg M. S., Falch J. A., Low bone mineral density is related to severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bone 2007 40 2 493 497 2-s2.0-33846177223 10.1016/j.bone.2006.09.005 (Pubitemid 46075206)
12. Culham E. G., Jimenez H. A. I., King C. E., Thoracic kyphosis, rib mobility, and lung volumes in normal women and women with osteoporosis. Spine 1994 19 11 1250 1255 2-s2.0-0028300557 (Pubitemid 24181247)
13. Schlaich C., Minne H. W., Bruckner T., Wagner G., Gebest H. J., Grunze M., Ziegler R., Leidig-Bruckner G., Reduced pulmonary function in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis International 1998 8 3 261 267 2-s2.0-0031671895 10.1007/s001980050063 (Pubitemid 28427076)
14. Myers E. R., Wilson S. E., Biomechanics of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture. Spine 1997 22 24 25S 31S 2-s2.0-0031417694 (Pubitemid 28123768)
15. Ferguson G. T., Calverley P. M. A., Anderson J. A., Jenkins C. R., Jones P. W., Willits L. R., Yates J. C., Vestbo J., Celli B., Prevalence and progression of osteoporosis in patients with COPD: results from the towards a revolution in COPD health study. Chest 2009 136 6 1456 1465 2-s2.0-73149110829 10.1378/chest.08-3016
16. Rabinovich R. A., Vilaró J., Structural and functional changes of peripheral muscles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2010 16 2 123 133 2-s2.0-76449084395 10.1097/MCP.0b013e328336438d
17. Bernard S., Leblanc P., Whittom F., Carrier G., Jobin J., Belleau R., Maltais F., Peripheral muscle weakness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1998 158 2 629 634 2-s2.0-0031846340 (Pubitemid 28378196)
18. Singer J., Yelin E. H., Katz P. P., Sanchez G., Iribarren C., Eisner M. D., Blanc P. D., Respiratory and skeletal muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: impact on exercise capacity and lower extremity function. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 2011 31 2 111 119 2-s2.0-79952445994 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3182033663
19. Franssen F. M. E., Broekhuizen R., Janssen P. P., Wouters E. F. M., Schols A. M. W. J., Limb muscle dysfunction in COPD: effects of muscle wasting and exercise training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2005 37 1 2 9 2-s2.0-11344261493 10.1249/01.MSS.0000150082.59155.4F (Pubitemid 40076008)
20. Crul T., Spruit M. A., Gayan-Ramirez G., Quarck R., Gosselink R., Troosters T., Pitta F., Decramer M., Markers of inflammation and disuse in vastus lateralis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007 37 11 897 904 2-s2.0-35649015452 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01867.x (Pubitemid 350029204)
21. Spruit M. A., Gosselink R., Troosters T., Kasran A., Gayan-Ramirez G., Bogaerts P., Bouillon R., Decramer M., Muscle force during an acute exacerbation in hospitalised patients with COPD and its relationship with CXCL8 and IGF-I. Thorax 2003 58 9 752 756 2-s2.0-0042027382 10.1136/thorax.58.9.752 (Pubitemid 37094049)
22. Franssen F. M. E., Wouters E. F. M., Baarends E. M., Akkermans M. A., Schols A. M. W. J., Arm mechanical efficiency and arm exercise capacity are relatively preserved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2002 34 10 1570 1576 2-s2.0-0036791866
23. Gea J., Orozco-Levi M., Barreiro E., Ferrer A., Broquetas J., Structural and functional changes in the skeletal muscles of COPD patients: the "compartments" theory. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2001 56 3 214 224 2-s2.0-0034789997 (Pubitemid 32951962)
24. Swallow E. B., Reyes D., Hopkinson N. S., Man W. D.-C., Porcher R., Cetti E. J., Moore A. J., Moxham J., Polkey M. I., Quadriceps strength predicts mortality in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2007 62 2 115 120 2-s2.0-33847036326 10.1136/thx.2006.062026
25. Vrieze A., de Greef M. H. G., Wýkstra P. J., Wempe J. B., Low bone mineral density in COPD patients related to worse lung function, low weight and decreased fat-free mass. Osteoporosis International 2007 18 9 1197 1202 2-s2.0-34548130149 10.1007/s00198-007-0355-7 (Pubitemid 47300271)
26. Sin D. D., Man J. P., Man S. F. P., The risk of osteoporosis in Caucasian men and women with obstructive airways disease. American Journal of Medicine 2003 114 1 10 14 2-s2.0-0037252102 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01297-4 (Pubitemid 36126509)
27. Dam T.-T., Harrison S., Fink H. A., Ramsdell J., Barrett-Connor E., Bone mineral density and fractures in older men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Osteoporosis International 2010 21 8 1341 1349 2-s2.0-77954536554 10.1007/s00198-009-1076-x
28. Nuti R., Siviero P., Maggi S., Guglielmi G., Caffarelli C., Crepaldi G., Gonnelli S., Vertebral fractures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the EOLO Study. Osteoporosis International 2009 20 6 989 998 2-s2.0-67349263016 10.1007/s00198-008-0770-4
29. Ohara T., Hirai T., Muro S., Haruna A., Terada K., Kinose D., Marumo S., Ogawa E., Hoshino Y., Niimi A., Chin K., Mishima M., Relationship between pulmonary emphysema and osteoporosis assessed by CT in patients with COPD. Chest 2008 134 6 1244 1249 2-s2.0-57349119109 10.1378/chest.07-3054
30. Romme E. A., Murchison J. T., Edwards L. D., CT-measured bone attenuation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relation to clinical features and outcomes. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2013 28 6 1369 1377
31. Bon J., Fuhrman C. R., Weissfeld J. L., Duncan S. R., Branch R. A., Chang C.-C. H., Zhang Y., Leader J. K., Gur D., Greenspan S. L., Sciurba F. C., Radiographic emphysema predicts low bone mineral density in a tobacco-exposed cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011 183 7 885 890 2-s2.0-79953293141 10.1164/rccm.201004-0666OC
32. Yoon V., Maalouf N. M., Sakhaee K., The effects of smoking on bone metabolism. Osteoporosis International 2012 23 8 2081 2092 2-s2.0-84856990608 10.1007/s00198-012-1940-y
33. Kok M. O., Hoekstra T., Twisk J. W. R., The longitudinal relation between smoking and muscle strength in healthy adults. European Addiction Research 2012 18 2 70 75 2-s2.0-83455258183 10.1159/000333600
34. Rapuri P. B., Gallagher J. C., Smith L. M., Smoking is a risk factor for decreased physical performance in elderly women. Journals of Gerontology Series A 2007 62 1 93 100 2-s2.0-34047170327 (Pubitemid 46931554)
35. Morse C. I., Wüst R. C. I., Jones D. A., De Haan A., Degens H., Muscle fatigue resistance during stimulated contractions is reduced in young male smokers. Acta Physiologica 2007 191 2 123 129 2-s2.0-34548581044 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01721.x (Pubitemid 47390298)
36. Barreiro E., Peinado V. I., Galdiz J. B., Ferrer E., Marin-Corral J., Sánchez F., Gea J., Barberà J. A., Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress: a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease skeletal muscle dysfunction. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010 182 4 477 488 2-s2.0-77957052806 10.1164/rccm.200908-1220OC
37. Rom O., Kaisari S., Aizenbud D., Reznick A. Z., Identification of possible cigarette smoke constituents responsible for muscle catabolism. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 2012 33 3-4 199 208
38. Liu Q., Xu W.-G., Luo Y., Han F.-F., Yao X.-H., Yang T.-Y., Zhang Y., Pi W.-F., Guo X.-J., Cigarette smoke-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with up-regulation of USP-19 via p38 and ERK MAPKs. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2011 112 9 2307 2316 2-s2.0-84860388930 10.1002/jcb.23151
39. Wüst R. C. I., Winwood K., Wilks D. C., Morse C. I., Degens H., Rittweger J., Effects of smoking on tibial and radial bone mass and strength may diminish with age. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010 95 6 2763 2771 2-s2.0-77954478931 10.1210/jc.2009-2462
40. Ward K. D., Klesges R. C., A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density. Calcified Tissue International 2001 68 5 259 270 2-s2.0-0034968745 (Pubitemid 32565727)
41. Kanis J. A., Johnell O., Oden A., Johansson H., De Laet C., Eisman J. A., Fujiwara S., Kroger H., McCloskey E. V., Mellstrom D., Melton L. J., Pols H., Reeve J., Silman A., Tenenhouse A., Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International 2005 16 2 155 162 2-s2.0-19944432683 10.1007/s00198-004-1640-3 (Pubitemid 40193202)
42. Abate M., Vanni D., Pantalone A., Salini V., Cigarette smoking and musculoskeletal disorders. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal 2013 3 2 63 69
43. César-Neto J. B., Benatti B. B., Manzi F. R., Sallum E. A., Sallum A. W., Nociti F. H. J., The influence of cigarette smoke inhalation on bone density. A radiographic study in rats. Brazilian Oral Research 2005 19 1 47 51 2-s2.0-33644771512
44. Gao S.-G., Li K.-H., Xu M., Jiang W., Shen H., Luo W., Xu W.-S., Tian J., Lei G.-H., Bone turnover in passive smoking female rat: relationships to change in bone mineral density. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2011 12, article 131 2-s2.0-79958118175 10.1186/1471-2474-12-131
45. Pitta F., Troosters T., Spruit M. A., Probst V. S., Decramer M., Gosselink R., Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005 171 9 972 977 2-s2.0-18144389043 10.1164/rccm.200407-855OC (Pubitemid 40616945)
46. Donaire-Gonzalez D., Gimeno-Santos E., Balcells E., Physical activity in COPD patients: patterns and bouts. The European Respiratory Journal 2013 42 4 993 1002 10.1183/09031936.00101512
47. Troosters T., Sciurba F., Battaglia S., Langer D., Valluri S. R., Martino L., Benzo R., Andre D., Weisman I., Decramer M., Physical inactivity in patients with COPD, a controlled multi-center pilot-study. Respiratory Medicine 2010 104 7 1005 1011 2-s2.0-77952882298 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.01.012
48. Watz H., Waschki B., Meyer T., Magnussen H., Physical activity in patients with COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 2009 33 2 262 272 2-s2.0-59649127166 10.1183/09031936.00024608
49. Garcia-Aymerich J., Lange P., Benet M., Schnohr P., Antó J. M., Regular physical activity reduces hospital admission and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population based cohort study. Thorax 2006 61 9 772 778 2-s2.0-33748480212 10.1136/thx.2006.060145 (Pubitemid 44369401)
50. Seidel D., Cheung A., Suh E. S., Raste Y., Atakhorrami M., Spruit M. A., Physical inactivity and risk of hospitalisation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2012 16 8 1015 1019
51. Pitta F., Troosters T., Probst V. S., Spruit M. A., Decramer M., Gosselink R., Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD. Chest 2006 129 3 536 544 2-s2.0-33645128463 10.1378/chest.129.3.536
52. Garcia-Aymerich J., Farrero E., Félez M. A., Izquierdo J., Marrades R. M., Antó J. M., Risk factors of readmission to hospital for a COPD exacerbation: a prospective study. Thorax 2003 58 2 100 105 2-s2.0-0037317021 10.1136/thorax.58.2.100 (Pubitemid 36182995)
53. Shrikrishna D., Patel M., Tanner R. J., Quadriceps wasting and physical inactivity in patients with COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 2012 40 5 1115 1122
54. Serres I., Gautier V., Varray A., Préfaut C., Impaired skeletal muscle endurance related to physical inactivity and altered lung function in COPD patients. Chest 1998 113 4 900 905 2-s2.0-0031966229 (Pubitemid 28216430)
55. Walker P. P., Burnett A., Flavahan P. W., Calverley P. M. A., Lower limb activity and its determinants in COPD. Thorax 2008 63 8 683 689 2-s2.0-49149083201 10.1136/thx.2007.087130
56. Beauchamp M. K., Sibley K. M., Lakhani B., Impairments in systems underlying control of balance in COPD. Chest 2012 141 6 1496 1503
57. Langhammer A., Forsmo S., Syversen U., Long-term therapy in COPD: any evidence of adverse effect on bone? International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2009 4 365 380 2-s2.0-77449135883
58. Biskobing D. M., Copd and osteoporosis. Chest 2002 121 2 609 620 2-s2.0-0036173978 10.1378/chest.121.2.609 (Pubitemid 34133004)
59. Schols A. M. W. J., Buurman W. A., Staal-van Den Brekel A. J., Dentener M. A., Wouters E. F. M., Evidence for a relation between metabolic derangements and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in a subgroup of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1996 51 8 819 824 2-s2.0-0029787450 (Pubitemid 26274084)
60. Singh B., Arora S., Khanna V., Association of severity of COPD with IgE and interleukin-1beta. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2010 73 2 86 87 2-s2.0-77956993930
61. Petersen A. M. W., Penkowa M., Iversen M., Frydelund-Larsen L., Andersen J. L., Mortensen J., Lange P., Pedersen B. K., Elevated levels of IL-18 in plasma and skeletal muscle in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung 2007 185 3 161 171 2-s2.0-34249811804 10.1007/s00408-007-9000-7 (Pubitemid 46850166)
62. Gan W. Q., Man S. F. P., Senthilselvan A., Sin D. D., Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax 2004 59 7 574 580 2-s2.0-3142517968 10.1136/thx.2003.019588 (Pubitemid 38901515)
63. de Oca M. M., Torres S. H., De Sanctis J., Mata A., Hernández N., Tálamo C., Skeletal muscle inflammation and nitric oxide in patients with COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 2005 26 3 390 397 2-s2.0-24644437308 10.1183/09031936.05.00107404 (Pubitemid 41264199)
64. Rabinovich R. A., Figueras M., Ardite E., Carbó N., Troosters T., Filella X., Barberà J. A., Fernandez-Checa J. C., Argilés J. M., Roca J., Increased tumour necrosis factor- α plasma levels during moderate-intensity exercise in COPD patients. The European Respiratory Journal 2003 21 5 789 794 2-s2.0-0038732701 10.1183/09031936.03.00042702 (Pubitemid 36592286)
65. Barreiro E., Schols A. M. W. J., Polkey M. I., Galdiz J. B., Gosker H. R., Swallow E. B., Coronell C., Gea J., Cytokine profile in quadriceps muscles of patients with severe COPD. Thorax 2008 63 2 100 107 2-s2.0-39049125244 10.1136/thx.2007.078030
66. Koechlin C., Maltais F., Saey D., Michaud A., LeBlanc P., Hayot M., Préfaut C., Hypoxaemia enhances peripheral muscle oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2005 60 10 834 841 2-s2.0-26844550676 10.1136/thx.2004.037531 (Pubitemid 41475211)
67. Crul T., Testelmans D., Spruit M. A., Troosters T., Gosselink R., Geeraerts I., Decramer M., Gayan-Ramirez G., Gene expression profiling in vastus lateralis muscle during an acute exacerbation of COPD. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 2010 25 4-5 491 500 2-s2.0-77950014393 10.1159/000303054
68. Barreiro E., Protein carbonylation and muscle function in COPD and other conditions. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 2013 10.1002/mas.21394
69. Albu A., Fodor D., Poanta L., Man M., Markers of systemic involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine 2012 50 2 129 134
70. Allaire J., Maltais F., Leblanc P., Simard P.-M., Whittom F., Doyon J.-F., Simard C., Jobin J., Lipofuscin accumulation in the vastus lateralis muscle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Muscle and Nerve 2002 25 3 383 389 2-s2.0-0036195092 10.1002/mus.10039 (Pubitemid 34203215)
71. Cristovao C., Cristovao L., Nogueira F., Bicho M., Evaluation of the oxidant and antioxidant balance in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia 2013 19 2 70 75
72. Rahman I., Morrison D., Donaldson K., Macnee W., Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996 154 4 1055 1060 2-s2.0-0029911460
73. van Helvoort H. A. C., Heijdra Y. F., Dekhuijzen P. N. R., Systemic immunological response to exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what does it mean? Respiration 2006 73 2 255 264 2-s2.0-33645236344 10.1159/000091117
74. Gosker H. R., Bast A., Haenen G. R. M. M., Fischer M. A. J. G., van der Vusse G. J., Wouters E. F. M., Schols A. M. W. J., Altered antioxidant status in peripheral skeletal muscle of patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2005 99 1 118 125 2-s2.0-10944228093 10.1016/j.rmed.2004.05.018 (Pubitemid 40017395)
75. Lawler J. M., Song W., Specificity of antioxidant enzyme inhibition in skeletal muscle to reactive nitrogen species donors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002 294 5 1093 1100 2-s2.0-0036298852 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00602-2 (Pubitemid 34687162)
76. Stanojkovic I., Kotur-Stevuljevic J., Milenkovic B., Spasic S., Vujic T., Stefanovic A., Llic A., Ivanisevic J., Pulmonary function, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in severe COPD exacerbation. Respiratory Medicine 2011 105 1 S31 S37 2-s2.0-80054997454 10.1016/S0954-6111(11)70008-7
77. Renkema T. E. J., Schouten J. P., Koëter G. H., Postma D. S., Effects of long-term treatment with corticosteroids in COPD. Chest 1996 109 5 1156 1162 2-s2.0-0029866161 (Pubitemid 26145649)
78. Williams T. J., O'Hehir R. E., Czarny D., Horne M., Bowes G., Acute myopathy in severe acute asthma treated with intravenously administered corticosteroids. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1988 137 2 460 463 2-s2.0-0023840092 (Pubitemid 18050200)
79. Knox A. J., Mascie-Taylor B. H., Muers M., Acute hydrocortisone myopathy in acute severe asthma. Thorax 1986 41 5 411 412 2-s2.0-0022642370 (Pubitemid 16114972)
80. MacFarlane I. A., Rosenthal F. D., Severe myopathy after status asthmaticus. The Lancet 1977 2 8038 615 2-s2.0-0017391867 (Pubitemid 8176625)
81. Decramer M., Lacquet L. M., Fagard R., Rogiers P., Corticosteroids contribute to muscle weakness in chronic airflow obstruction. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1994 150 1 11 16 2-s2.0-0028237807 (Pubitemid 24209929)
82. Decramer M., De Bock V., Dom R., Functional and histologic picture of steroid-induced myopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996 153 6 1958 1964 2-s2.0-0029924786 (Pubitemid 26187926)
83. Hopkinson N. S., Tennant R. C., Dayer M. J., Swallow E. B., Hansel T. T., Moxham J., Polkey M. I., A prospective study of decline in fat free mass and skeletal muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Research 2007 8, article 25 2-s2.0-34247857681 10.1186/1465-9921-8-25
84. Schols A. M. W. J., Broekhuizen R., Weling-Scheepers C. A., Wouters E. F., Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005 82 1 53 59 2-s2.0-23444436897 (Pubitemid 41716377)
85. Van Staa T. P., Leufkens H. G. M., Cooper C., The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International 2002 13 10 777 787 2-s2.0-0036820983 10.1007/s001980200108 (Pubitemid 36336722)
86. Dubois E. F., Röder E., Dekhuijzen P. N. R., Zwinderman A. E., Schweitzer D. H., Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry outcomes in male COPD patients after treatment with different glucocorticoid regimens. Chest 2002 121 5 1456 1463 2-s2.0-0036256939 10.1378/chest.121.5.1456 (Pubitemid 34499655)
87. Johnell O., Pauwels R., Löfdahl C.-G., Laitininen L. A., Postma D. S., Pride N. B., Ohlsson S. V., Bone mineral density in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with budesonide Turbuhaler. The European Respiratory Journal 2002 19 6 1058 1063 2-s2.0-0035991327 10.1183/09031936.02. 00276602 (Pubitemid 34649619)
88. Jones A., Fay J. K., Burr M., Stone M., Hood K., Roberts G., Inhaled corticosteroid effects on bone metabolism in asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002 1 CD003537 2-s2.0-0012807997
89. Halpern M. T., Schmier J. K., Van Kerkhove M. D., Watkins M., Kalberg C. J., Impact of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on bone mineral density: results of a meta-analysis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2004 92 2 201 267 2-s2.0-1242284409
90. Scanlon P. D., Connett J. E., Wise R. A., Tashkin D. P., Madhok T., Skeans M., Carpenter P. C., Bailey W. C., Buist A. S., Eichenhorn M., Kanner R. E., Weinmann G., Loss of bone density with inhaled triamcinoline in lung health study II. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004 170 12 1302 1309 2-s2.0-10644297273 10.1164/rccm.200310-1349OC (Pubitemid 39657194)
91. Bhasin S., Cunningham G. R., Hayes F. J., Matsumoto A. M., Snyder P. J., Swerdloff R. S., Montori V. M., Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010 95 6 2536 2559 2-s2.0-77954409942 10.1210/jc.2009-2354
92. Van Vliet M., Spruit M. A., Verleden G., Kasran A., Van Herck E., Pitta F., Bouillon R., Decramer M., Hypogonadism, quadriceps weakness, and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005 172 9 1105 1111 2-s2.0-30344434370 10.1164/rccm.200501-114OC (Pubitemid 43066645)
93. Balasubramanian V., Naing S., Hypogonadism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence and effects. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2012 18 2 112 117 2-s2.0-84856676238 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834feb37
94. Bassil N., Late-Onset Hypogonadism. Medical Clinics of North America 2011 95 3 507 523 2-s2.0-79955591973 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.03.001
95. Bischoff-Ferrari H., Vitamin D-from essentiality to functionality. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 2012 82 5 321 326
96. Girgis C. M., Clifton-Bligh R. J., Hamrick M. W., Holick M. F., Gunton J. E., The roles of vitamin D in skeletal muscle: form, function, and metabolism. Endocrine Reviews 2013 34 1 33 83
97. St-Arnaud R., The direct role of vitamin D on bone homeostasis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2008 473 2 225 230 2-s2.0-50949096185 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.038
98. Ceglia L., Harris S. S., Vitamin D and its role in skeletal muscle. Calcified Tissue International 2013 92 2 151 162
99. Brock K., Huang W.-Y., Fraser D. R., Ke L., Tseng M., Stolzenberg-Solomon R., Peters U., Ahn J., Purdue M., Mason R. S., McCarty C., Ziegler R. G., Graubard B., Low vitamin D status is associated with physical inactivity, obesity and low vitamin D intake in a large US sample of healthy middle-aged men and women. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2010 121 1-2 462 466 2-s2.0-77954758783 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.091
100. Larrosa M., Gomez A., Casado E., Moreno M., Vázquez I., Orellana C., Berlanga E., Ramon J., Gratacos J., Hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor of hip fracture severity. Osteoporosis International 2012 23 2 607 614 2-s2.0-84857371198 10.1007/s00198-011-1588-z
101. Zhang C., Wang C., Liang J., Zhou X., Zheng F., Fan Y., Shi Q., The vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism and bone mineral density in Chinese children. Clinica Chimica Acta 2008 395 1-2 111 114 2-s2.0-47649090579 10.1016/j.cca.2008.05.019
102. Janssens W., Bouillon R., Claes B., Carremans C., Lehouck A., Buysschaert I., Coolen J., Mathieu C., Decramer M., Lambrechts D., Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD and correlates with variants in the vitamin D-binding gene. Thorax 2010 65 3 215 220 2-s2.0-77949784497 10.1136/thx.2009.120659
103. Persson L. J., Aanerud M., Hiemstra P. S., Hardie J. A., Bakke P. S., Eagan T. M., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with low levels of vitamin D. PLoS ONE 2012 7 6 e38934
104. Kunisaki K. M., Niewoehner D. E., Connett J. E., Vitamin D levels and risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012 185 3 286 290 2-s2.0-84856802147 10.1164/rccm.201109-1644OC
105. Puhan M. A., Siebeling L., Frei A., Zoller M., Bischoff-Ferrari H., Ter Riet G., No association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with exacerbations in primary care patients with COPD. Chest 2014 145 1 37 43 10.1378/chest.13-1296
106. Holick M. F., Vitamin D deficiency. The New England Journal of Medicine 2007 357 3 266 281
107. Hopkinson N. S., Ka W. L., Kehoe A., Humphries S. E., Roughton M., Moxham J., Montgomery H., Polkey M. I., Vitamin D receptor genotypes influence quadriceps strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008 87 2 385 390 2-s2.0-38949135200 (Pubitemid 351226075)
108. Jackson A. S., Shrikrishna D., Kelly J. L., Vitamin D and skeletal muscle strength and endurance in COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 2013 41 2 309 316
109. Romme E. A., Rutten E. P., Smeenk F. W., Spruit M. A., Menheere P. P., Wouters E. F., Vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral density and functional exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Medicine 2013 45 1 91 96
110. Franco C. B., Paz-Filho G., Gomes P. E., Nascimento V. B., Kulak C. A. M., Boguszewski C. L., Borba V. Z. C., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with osteoporosis and low levels of vitamin D. Osteoporosis International 2009 20 11 1881 1887 2-s2.0-76449095892 10.1007/s00198-009-0890-5
111. Engelen M. P. K. J., Schols A. M. W. J., Baken W. C., Wesseling G. J., Wouters E. F. M., Nutritional depletion in relation to respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscle function in out-patients with COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 1994 7 10 1793 1797 2-s2.0-0028143215 10.1183/09031936.94. 07101793 (Pubitemid 24337350)
112. Vermeeren M. A. P., Creutzberg E. C., Schols A. M. W. J., Postma D. S., Pieters W. R., Roldaan A. C., Wouters E. F. M., Prevalence of nutritional depletion in a large out-patient population of patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2006 100 8 1349 1355 2-s2.0-33745420502 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.11.023 (Pubitemid 43942332)
113. Itoh M., Tsuji T., Nemoto K., Nakamura H., Aoshiba K., Undernutrition in patients with COPD and its treatment. Nutrients 2013 5 4 1316 1335
114. Vermeeren M. A. P., Schols A. M. W. J., Wouters E. F. M., Effects of an acute exacerbation on nutritional and metabolic profile of patients with COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 1997 10 10 2264 2269 2-s2.0-0030670101 10.1183/09031936.97.10102264 (Pubitemid 27479547)
115. Gupta B., Kant S., Mishra R., Verma S., Nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients admitted in hospital with acute exacerbation. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 2010 2 2 68 74
116. Hallin R., Koivisto-Hursti U.-K., Lindberg E., Janson C., Nutritional status, dietary energy intake and the risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory Medicine 2006 100 3 561 567 2-s2.0-32644452764 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.020 (Pubitemid 43239891)
117. Zapatero A., Barba R., Ruiz J., Malnutrition and obesity: influence in mortality and readmissions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2013 26 supplement 1 16 22
118. Evans W. J., Morley J. E., Argilés J., Bales C., Baracos V., Guttridge D., Jatoi A., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Lochs H., Mantovani G., Marks D., Mitch W. E., Muscaritoli M., Najand A., Ponikowski P., Rossi Fanelli F., Schambelan M., Schols A., Schuster M., Thomas D., Wolfe R., Anker S. D., Cachexia: a new definition. Clinical Nutrition 2008 27 6 793 799 2-s2.0-55749085001 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.013
119. De S., Body mass index among patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2012 56 4 353 358
120. Wilson D. O., Rogers R. M., Wright E. C., Anthonisen N. R., Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the National Institutes of Health intermittent positive-pressure breathing trial. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1989 139 6 1435 1438 2-s2.0-0024371064 (Pubitemid 19155503)
121. Mador M. J., Bozkanat E., Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Research 2001 2 4 216 224 2-s2.0-0035722952 10.1186/rr60 (Pubitemid 34187929)
122. Schols A. M. W. J., Slangen J., Volovics L., Wouters E. F. M., Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1998 157 6 1791 1797 2-s2.0-0031862418
123. Ciric Z., Stankovic I., Pejcic T., Ristic L., Rancic M., Radovic M., Osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medical Archives 2012 66 6 385 387
124. Graat-Verboom L., Spruit M. A., van den Borne B. E. E. M., Smeenk F. W. J. M., Martens E. J., Lunde R., Wouters E. F. M., Correlates of osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an underestimated systemic component. Respiratory Medicine 2009 103 8 1143 1151 2-s2.0-67649297115 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.02.014
125. Iqbal F., Michaelson J., Thaler L., Rubin J., Roman J., Nanes M. S., Declining bone mass in men with chronic pulmonary disease. Contribution of glucocorticoid treatment, body mass index, and gonadal function. Chest 1999 116 6 1616 1624 2-s2.0-0033394633 (Pubitemid 30012703)
126. Doherty T. J., Invited review: aging and sarcopenia. Journal of Applied Physiology 2003 95 4 1717 1727 2-s2.0-0141566914 (Pubitemid 37169320)
127. Korhonen M. T., Cristea A., Alén M., Häkkinen K., Sipilä S., Mero A., Viitasalo J. T., Larsson L., Suominen H., Aging, muscle fiber type, and contractile function in sprint-trained athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology 2006 101 3 906 917 2-s2.0-33748443632 10.1152/japplphysiol.00299.2006 (Pubitemid 44352307)
128. Larsson L., Grimby G., Karlsson J., Muscle strength and speed of movement in relation to age and muscle morphology. Journal of Applied Physiology 1979 46 3 451 456 2-s2.0-0018356090 (Pubitemid 9163080)
129. Dolbow J. D., Dolbow D. R., Gorgey A. S., Adler R. A., Gater D. R., The effects of aging and electrical stimulation exercise on bone after spinal cord injury. Aging and Disease 2013 4 3 141 153
130. Spruit M. A., Franssen F. M., Rutten E. P., Wagers S. S., Wouters E. F., Age-graded reductions in quadriceps muscle strength and peak aerobic capacity in COPD. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia 2012 16 2 148 156
131. Roig M., Eng J. J., MacIntyre D. L., Road J. D., Reid W. D., Deficits in muscle strength, mass, quality, and mobility in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 2011 31 2 120 124 2-s2.0-79952455605 10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181f68ae4
132. Barnett K., Mercer S. W., Norbury M., Watt G., Wyke S., Guthrie B., Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet 2012 380 9836 37 43
133. Siebeling L., Puhan M. A., Muggensturm P., Zoller M., ter Riet G., Characteristics of Dutch and Swiss primary care COPD patients-baseline data of the ICE COLD ERIC study. Clinical Epidemiology 2011 3 1 273 283 2-s2.0-80955139775 10.2147/CLEP.S24818
134. Vanfleteren L. E., Spruit M. A., Groenen M., Clusters of comorbidities based on validated objective measurements and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2013 187 7 728 735
135. Remels A. H., Gosker H. R., Langen R. C., Schols A. M., The mechanisms of cachexia underlying muscle dysfunction in COPD. Journal of Applied Physiology 2013 114 9 1253 1262
136. Mostert R., Goris A., Weling-Scheepers C., Wouters E. F. M., Schols A. M. W. J., Tissue depletion and health related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory Medicine 2000 94 9 859 867 2-s2.0-0033804346 10.1053/rmed.2000.0829
137. Lainscak M., von Haehling S., Doehner W., Body mass index and prognosis in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2011 2 2 81 86 10.1007/s13539-011-0023-9
138. Landbo C., Prescott E., Lange P., Vestbo J., Almdal T. P., Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1999 160 6 1856 1861 2-s2.0-0033453187 (Pubitemid 30004687)
139. Marquis K., Debigaré R., Lacasse Y., Leblanc P., Jobin J., Carrier G., Maltais F., Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002 166 6 809 813 2-s2.0-0037106368 10.1164/rccm.2107031
140. Prescott E., Almdal T., Mikkelsen K. L., Tofteng C. L., Vestbo J., Lange P., Prognostic value of weight change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The European Respiratory Journal 2002 20 3 539 544 2-s2.0-0036739823 10.1183/09031936.02.00532002
141. Yohannes A. M., Baldwin R. C., Connolly M., Mortality predictors in disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in old age. Age and Ageing 2002 31 2 137 140 2-s2.0-0036224624 10.1093/ageing/31.2.137 (Pubitemid 34413813)
142. Wagner P. D., Possible mechanisms underlying the development of cachexia in COPD. The European Respiratory Journal 2008 31 3 492 501 2-s2.0-42949160618 10.1183/09031936.00074807
143. Guney E., Kisakol G., Ozgen G., Yilmaz C., Yilmaz R., Kabalak T., Effect of weight loss on bone metabolism: comparison of vertical banded gastroplasty and medical intervention. Obesity Surgery 2003 13 3 383 388 2-s2.0-0038795267 10.1381/096089203765887705 (Pubitemid 36718457)
144. Elkin S. L., Williams L., Moore M., Hodson M. E., Rutherford O. M., Relationship of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mineral density in adults with cystic fibrosis. Clinical Science 2000 99 4 309 314 2-s2.0-0033786590
145. Lee N., Radford-Smith G. L., Forwood M., Wong J., Taaffe D. R., Body composition and muscle strength as predictors of bone mineral density in Crohn's disease. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 2009 27 4 456 463 2-s2.0-67749097503 10.1007/s00774-009-0059-5
146. Joyce E. D., Nolan V. G., Ness K. K., Ferry R. J. Jr., Robison L. L., Pui C.-H., Hudson M. M., Kaste S. C., Association of muscle strength and bone mineral density in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2011 92 6 873 879 2-s2.0-79957657224 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.12.039
147. Cauley J. A., Fullman R. L., Stone K. L., Zmuda J. M., Bauer D. C., Barrett-Connor E., Ensrud K., Lau E. M. C., Orwoll E. S., Factors associated with the lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density in older men. Osteoporosis International 2005 16 12 1525 1537 2-s2.0-25844464108 10.1007/s00198-005-1866-8 (Pubitemid 41790856)
148. Huuskonen J., Väisänen S. B., Kröger H., Jurvelin C., Bouchard C., Alhava E., Rauramaa R., Determinants of bone mineral density in middle aged men: a population-based study. Osteoporosis International 2000 11 8 702 708 2-s2.0-0033790148 10.1007/s001980070069
149. Nguyen T. V., Center J. R., Eisman J. A., Osteoporosis in elderly men and women: effects of dietary calcium, physical activity, and body mass index. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2000 15 2 322 331 2-s2.0-0033952130 (Pubitemid 30095720)
150. Rikkonen T., Sirola J., Salovaara K., Muscle strength and body composition are clinical indicators of osteoporosis. Calcified Tissue International 2012 91 2 131 138
151. Rothem D. E., Rothem L., Soudry M., Dahan A., Eliakim R., Nicotine modulates bone metabolism-associated gene expression in osteoblast cells. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 2009 27 5 555 561 2-s2.0-68949146637 10.1007/s00774-009-0075-5
152. +-ATPase d2 and actin organization in osteoclasts. PLoS ONE 2013 8 3 e59402
153. Chibalin A. V., Heiny J. A., Benziane B., Prokofiev A. V., Vasiliev A. V., Kravtsova V. V., Krivoi I. I., Chronic nicotine modifies skeletal muscle Na,K-ATPase activity through its interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and phospholemman. PLoS ONE 2012 7 3 2-s2.0-84858605031 10.1371/journal.pone.0033719 e33719
154. Couillard A., Prefaut C., From muscle disuse to myopathy in COPD: potential contribution of oxidative stress. The European Respiratory Journal 2005 26 4 703 719 2-s2.0-26844457553 10.1183/09031936.05.00139904 (Pubitemid 41448671)
155. Koechlin C., Couillard A., Simar D., Cristol J. P., Bellet H., Hayot M., Prefaut C., Does oxidative stress alter quadriceps endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004 169 9 1022 1027 2-s2.0-2142702297 (Pubitemid 38543641)
156. MacNee W., Tuder R. M., New paradigms in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease I. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2009 6 6 527 531 2-s2.0-70349118100 10.1513/pats.200905-027DS
157. Bolton C. E., Stone M. D., Edwards P. H., Duckers J. M., Evans W. D., Shale D. J., Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Respiratory Disease 2009 6 2 81 87 2-s2.0-65149092319 10.1177/1479972309103131
158. Yanbaeva D. G., Dentener M. A., Creutzberg E. C., Wesseling G., Wouters E. F. M., Systemic effects of smoking. Chest 2007 131 5 1557 1566 2-s2.0-34248592200 10.1378/chest.06-2179 (Pubitemid 46762366)
159. Broekhuizen R., Wouters E. F. M., Creutzberg E. C., Schols A. M. W. J., Raised CRP levels mark metabolic and functional impairment in advanced COPD. Thorax 2006 61 1 17 22 2-s2.0-30844447198 10.1136/thx.2005.041996 (Pubitemid 43106972)
160. Yende S., Waterer G. W., Tolley E. A., Newman A. B., Bauer D. C., Taaffe D. R., Jensen R., Crapo R., Rubin S., Nevitt M., Simonsick E. M., Satterfield S., Harris T., Kritchevsky S. B., Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilatory limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects. Thorax 2006 61 1 10 16 2-s2.0-30844439165 10.1136/thx.2004.034181 (Pubitemid 43106971)
161. Debigaré R., Marquis K., Côté C. H., Tremblay R. R., Michaud A., LeBlanc P., Maltais F., Catabolic/anabolic balance and muscle wasting in patients with COPD. Chest 2003 124 1 83 89 2-s2.0-0038160013 10.1378/chest.124.1.83 (Pubitemid 36851335)
162. Gaki E., Kontogianni K., Papaioannou A. I., Bakakos P., Gourgoulianis K. I., Kostikas K., Alchanatis M., Papiris S., Loukides S., Associations between BODE index and systemic inflammatory biomarkers in COPD. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2011 8 6 408 413 2-s2.0-83155191784 10.3109/15412555.2011.619599
163. Spate U., Schulze P. C., Proinflammatory cytokines and skeletal muscle. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 2004 7 3 265 269 (Pubitemid 40340663)
164. Glass D. J., Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signaling pathways. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 2005 37 10 1974 1984 2-s2.0-23944456384 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.04.018 (Pubitemid 41206815)
165. Manolagas S. C., The role of IL-6 type cytokines and their receptors in bone a. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1998 840 194 204 2-s2.0-0032077461
166. Bai P., Sun Y., Jin J., Hou J., Li R., Zhang Q., Wang Y., Disturbance of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway and systemic inflammation in COPD patients with emphysema and osteoporosis. Respiratory Research 2011 12, article 157 2-s2.0-83455238443 10.1186/1465-9921-12-157
167. Liang B., Feng Y., The association of low bone mineral density with systemic inflammation in clinically stable COPD. Endocrine 2011 1 6 2-s2.0-84055212065 10.1007/s12020-011-9583-x
168. Rittayamai N., Chuaychoo B., Sriwijitkamol A., Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Thai COPD patients. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2012 95 8 1021 1027
169. Lacativa P. G., Farias M. L., Osteoporosis and inflammation. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 2010 54 2 123 132
170. Larson N. I., Story M., Perry C. L., Neumark-Sztainer D., Hannan P. J., Are diet and physical activity patterns related to cigarette smoking in adolescents? Findings from Project EAT. Preventing Chronic Disease 2007 4 3 A51 2-s2.0-34447094777
171. Takata S., Yasui N., Disuse osteoporosis. The Journal of Medical Investigation 2001 48 3-4 147 156 2-s2.0-0035433662
172. Powers S. K., Smuder A. J., Judge A. R., Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy: cause or consequence? Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2012 15 3 240 245 2-s2.0-84858990138 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328352b4c2
173. Urban R. J., Bodenburg Y. H., Gilkison C., Foxworth J., Coggan A. R., Wolfe R. R., Ferrando A., Testosterone administration to elderly men increases skeletal muscle strength and protein synthesis. American Journal of Physiology 1995 269 5 E820 E826 2-s2.0-0028867481 (Pubitemid 3005899)
174. Frederiksen L., Højlund K., Hougaard D. M., Brixen K., Andersen M., Testosterone therapy increased muscle mass and lipid oxidation in aging men. Age 2012 34 1 145 156 2-s2.0-79951858027 10.1007/s11357-011-9213-9
175. Sih R., Morley J. E., Kaiser F. E., Perry H. M. III, Patrick P., Ross C., Testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal men: a 12-month randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997 82 6 1661 1667 2-s2.0-0031157124 (Pubitemid 127495166)
176. Storer T. W., Woodhouse L., Magliano L., Singh A. B., Dzekov C., Dzekov J., Bhasin S., Changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, and power but not physical function are related to testosterone dose in healthy older men. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008 56 11 1991 1999 2-s2.0-55349088602 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01927.x
177. Snyder P. J., Peachey H., Berlin J. A., Hannoush P., Haddad G., Dlewati A., Santanna J., Loh L., Lenrow D. A., Holmes J. H., Kapoor S. C., Atkinson L. E., Strom B. L., Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 8 2670 2677 2-s2.0-17744390362 10.1210/jc.85.8.2670 (Pubitemid 32269134)
178. Tracz M. J., Sideras K., Boloña E. R., Haddad R. M., Kennedy C. C., Uraga M. V., Caples S. M., Erwin P. J., Montori V. M., Testosterone use in men and its effects on bone health. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 6 2011 2016 2-s2.0-33744962693 10.1210/jc.2006-0036 (Pubitemid 43854973)
179. Anderson F. H., Francis R. M., Peaston R. T., Wastell H. J., Androgen supplementation in eugonadal men with osteoporosis: effects of six months' treatment on markers of bone formation and resorption. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1997 12 3 472 478 2-s2.0-0030899249 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.3.472 (Pubitemid 27120485)
180. Wang C., Swerdloff R. S., Iranmanesh A., Dobs A., Snyder P. J., Cunningham G., Matsumoto A. M., Weber T., Berman N., Effects of transdermal testosterone gel on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. Clinical Endocrinology 2001 54 6 739 750 2-s2.0-0035725618 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01271.x (Pubitemid 34208885)
181. Katznelson L., Finkelstein J. S., Schoenfeld D. A., Rosenthal D. I., Anderson E. J., Klibanski A., Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996 81 12 4358 4365 2-s2.0-0029838823 10.1210/jc.81.12.4358 (Pubitemid 26412044)
182. Girasole G., Jilka R. L., Passeri G., Boswell S., Boder G., Williams D. C., Manolagas S. C., 17 β -Estradiol inhibits interleukin-6 production by bone marrow-derived stromal cells and osteoblasts in vitro: a potential mechanism for the antiosteoporotic effect of estrogens. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1992 89 3 883 891 2-s2.0-0026516415
183. Atlantis E., Fahey P., Cochrane B., Wittert G., Smith S., Endogenous testosterone level and testosterone supplementation therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2013 3 8 e003127 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003127
184. Velema M. S., Kwa B. H. B., De Ronde W., Should androgenic anabolic steroids be considered in the treatment regime of selected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2012 18 2 118 124 2-s2.0-84856665284 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834e9001
185. Ferreira I. M., Verreschi I. T., Nery L. E., Goldstein R. S., Zamel N., Brooks D., Jardim J. R., The influence of 6 months of oral anabolic steroids on body mass and respiratory muscles in undernourished COPD patients. Chest 1998 114 1 19 28 2-s2.0-0031817306 (Pubitemid 28337356)
186. Svartberg J., Aaseboø U., Hjalmarsen A., Sundsfjord J., Jorde R., Testosterone treatment improves body composition and sexual function in men with COPD, in a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine 2004 98 9 906 913 2-s2.0-4043104928 10.1016/j.rmed.2004.02.015 (Pubitemid 39069342)
187. Fernández-Balsells M. M., Murad M. H., Lane M., Lampropulos J. F., Albuquerque F., Mullan R. J., Agrwal N., Elamin M. B., Gallegos-Orozco J. F., Wang A. T., Erwin P. J., Bhasin S., Montori V. M., Adverse effects of testosterone therapy in adult men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010 95 6 2560 2575 2-s2.0-77954394453 10.1210/jc.2009-2575
188. Drewa T., Chłosta P., Testosterone supplementation and prostate cancer, controversies still exist. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 2010 67 5 543 546 2-s2.0-77956359737
189. Bischoff-Ferrari H. A., Relevance of vitamin D in muscle health. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2012 13 1 71 77 2-s2.0-84858149595 10.1007/s11154-011-9200-6
190. Bischoff-Ferrari H. A., Conzelmann M., Stähelin H. B., Dick W., Carpenter M. G., Adkin A. L., Theiler R., Pfeifer M., Allum J. H. J., Is fall prevention by vitamin D mediated by a change in postural or dynamic balance? Osteoporosis International 2006 17 5 656 663 2-s2.0-33645754763 10.1007/s00198-005-0030-9
191. Chapuy M. C., Arlot M. E., Duboeuf F., Brun J., Crouzet B., Arnaud S., Delmas P. D., Meunier P. J., Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. The New England Journal of Medicine 1992 327 23 1637 1642 2-s2.0-0026613738
192. Bischoff H. A., Stähelin H. B., Dick W., Akos R., Knecht M., Salis C., Nebiker M., Theiler R., Pfeifer M., Begerow B., Lew R. A., Conzelmann M., Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2003 18 2 343 351 2-s2.0-12244253338 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.2.343 (Pubitemid 36125927)
193. Pfeifer M., Begerow B., Minne H. W., Suppan K., Fahrleitner-Pammer A., Dobnig H., Effects of a long-term vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls and parameters of muscle function in community-dwelling older individuals. Osteoporosis International 2009 20 2 315 322 2-s2.0-58149473095 10.1007/s00198-008-0662-7
194. Bunout D., Barrera G., Leiva L., Gattas V., de la Maza M. P., Avendaño M., Hirsch S., Effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise training on physical performance in Chilean vitamin D deficient elderly subjects. Experimental Gerontology 2006 41 8 746 752 2-s2.0-33747109781 10.1016/j.exger.2006.05.001 (Pubitemid 44223892)
195. Bjerk S. M., Edgington B. D., Rector T. S., Kunisaki K. M., Supplemental vitamin D and physical performance in COPD: a pilot randomized trial. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2013 8 97 104
196. Hornikx M., Van R. H., Lehouck A., Vitamin D supplementation during rehabilitation in COPD: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Respiratory Research 2012 13 84 10.1186/1465-9921-13-84
197. Lehouck A., Mathieu C., Carremans C., Baeke F., Verhaegen J., van Eldere J., Decallonne B., Bouillon R., Decramer M., Janssens W., High doses of vitamin D to reduce exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012 156 2 105 120 2-s2.0-84855832483
198. Nici L., Donner C., Wouters E., Zuwallack R., Ambrosino N., Bourbeau J., Carone M., Celli B., Engelen M., Fahy B., Garvey C., Goldstein R., Gosselink R., Lareau S., MacIntyre N., Maltais F., Morgan M., O'Donnell D., Prefault C., Reardon J., Rochester C., Schols A., Singh S., Troosters T., American thoracic society/European respiratory society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006 173 12 1390 1413 2-s2.0-33745174477 10.1164/rccm.200508-1211ST (Pubitemid 43900715)
199. O'Shea S. D., Taylor N. F., Paratz J., Peripheral muscle strength training in COPD: a systematic review. Chest 2004 126 3 903 914 2-s2.0-4544242785 10.1378/chest.126.3.903 (Pubitemid 39258048)
200. Donaldson A. V., Maddocks M., Martolini D., Polkey M. I., Man W. D., Muscle function in COPD: a complex interplay. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012 7 523 535
201. Lacasse Y., Goldstein R., Lasserson T. J., Martin S., Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006 4 CD003793 2-s2.0-39049190342
202. Spruit M. A., Gosselink R., Troosters T., De Paepe K., Decramer M., Resistance versus endurance training in patients with COPD and peripheral muscle weakness. The European Respiratory Journal 2002 19 6 1072 1078 2-s2.0-0035991317 10.1183/09031936.02.00287102 (Pubitemid 34649621)
203. Troosters T., Gosselink R., Decramer M., Short- and long-term effects of outpatient rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. American Journal of Medicine 2000 109 3 207 212 2-s2.0-0034663447 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00472-1
204. Casaburi R., Bhasin S., Cosentino L., Porszasz J., Somfay A., Lewis M. I., Fournier M., Storer T. W., Effects of testosterone and resistance training in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004 170 8 870 878 2-s2.0-5144228345 10.1164/rccm.200305-617OC (Pubitemid 39346482)
205. Creutzberg E. C., Wouters E. F. M., Mostert R., Pluymers R. J., Schols A. M. W. J., A role for anabolic steroids in the rehabilitation of patients with COPD? A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Chest 2003 124 5 1733 1742 2-s2.0-0242721245 10.1378/chest.124.5.1733 (Pubitemid 37433566)
206. Vogiatzis I., Terzis G., Nanas S., Stratakos G., Simoes D. C. M., Georgiadou O., Zakynthinos S., Roussos C., Skeletal muscle adaptations to interval training in patients with advanced COPD. Chest 2005 128 6 3838 3845 2-s2.0-30344437541 10.1378/chest.128.6.3838 (Pubitemid 43062643)
207. Vogiatzis I., Stratakos G., Simoes D. C. M., Terzis G., Georgiadou O., Roussos C., Zakynthinos S., Effects of rehabilitative exercise on peripheral muscle TNF α IL-6, IGF-I and MyoD expression in patients with COPD. Thorax 2007 62 11 950 956 2-s2.0-36048954849 10.1136/thx.2006.069310 (Pubitemid 350084492)
208. Vogiatzis I., Terzis G., Stratakos G., Cherouveim E., Athanasopoulos D., Spetsioti S., Nasis I., Manta P., Roussos C., Zakynthinos S., Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on peripheral muscle fiber remodeling in patients with COPD in GOLD stages II to IV. Chest 2011 140 3 744 752 2-s2.0-80052690503 10.1378/chest.10-3058
209. Whittom F., Jobin J., Simard P.-M., Leblanc P., Simard C., Bernard S., Belleau R., Maltais F., Histochemical and morphological characteristics of the vastus lateralis muscle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1998 30 10 1467 1474 2-s2.0-0031685110 10.1097/00005768-199810000-00001 (Pubitemid 28465510)
210. Green H. J., Burnett M. E., D'Arsigny C. L., O'Donnell D. E., Ouyang J., Webb K. A., Altered metabolic and transporter characteristics of vastus lateralis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Applied Physiology 2008 105 3 879 886 2-s2.0-53049083078 10.1152/japplphysiol.90458.2008
211. Troosters T., Probst V. S., Crul T., Pitta F., Gayan-Ramirez G., Decramer M., Gosselink R., Resistance training prevents deterioration in quadriceps muscle function during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010 181 10 1072 1077 2-s2.0-77953255795 10.1164/rccm.200908-1203OC
212. Puhan M. A., Gimeno-Santos E., Scharplatz M., Troosters T., Walters E. H., Steurer J., Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011 10 CD005305 2-s2.0-80155184731
213. Menkes A., Mazel S., Redmond R. A., Koffler K., Libanati C. R., Gundberg C. M., Zizic T. M., Hagberg J. M., Pratley R. E., Hurley B. F., Strength training increases regional bone mineral density and bone remodeling in middle-aged and older men. Journal of Applied Physiology 1993 74 5 2478 2484 2-s2.0-0027196173 (Pubitemid 23157077)
214. Borer K. T., Physical activity in the prevention and amelioration of osteoporosis in women: interaction of mechanical, hormonal and dietary factors. Sports Medicine 2005 35 9 779 830 2-s2.0-25444448794 10.2165/00007256-200535090- 00004 (Pubitemid 41373931)
215. Eleftheriou K. I., Rawal J. S., James L. E., Bone structure and geometry in young men: the influence of smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. Bone 2013 52 1 17 26
216. Lorentzon M., Mellström D., Ohlsson C., Association of amount of physical activity with cortical bone size and trabecular volumetric BMD in young adult men: the GOOD study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2005 20 11 1936 1943 2-s2.0-27444432449 10.1359/JBMR.050709 (Pubitemid 41532779)
217. Lotshaw A. M., Thompson M., Sadowsky H. S., Hart M. K., Millard M. W., Quality of life and physical performance in land- and water-based pulmonary rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 2007 27 4 247 251 2-s2.0-34547683579 10.1097/01.HCR.0000281772.28394.30 (Pubitemid 47222197)
218. McNamara R. J., McKeough Z. J., McKenzie D. K., Alison J. A., Water-based exercise in COPD with physical comorbidities: a randomised controlled trial. The European Respiratory Journal 2013 41 6 1284 1291
219. Bergamin M., Ermolao A., Tolomio S., Berton L., Sergi G., Zaccaria M., Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2013 8 1109 1117
220. Devereux K., Robertson D., Briffa N. K., Effects of a water-based program on women 65 years and over: a randomised controlled trial. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 2005 51 2 102 108 2-s2.0-20444475740 (Pubitemid 40823567)
221. Tsukahara N., Toda A., Goto J., Ezawa I., Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on the effect of water exercise in controlling bone loss in Japanese postmenopausal women. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 1994 40 1 37 47 2-s2.0-0028379610
222. Sillen M. J. H., Wouters E. F. M., Franssen F. M. E., Meijer K., Stakenborg K. H. P., Spruit M. A., Oxygen uptake, ventilation, and symptoms during low-frequency versus high-frequency NMES in COPD: a pilot study. Lung 2011 189 1 21 26 2-s2.0-79952280539 10.1007/s00408-010-9265-0
223. Neder J. A., Sword D., Ward S. A., Mackay E., Cochrane L. M., Clark C. J., Home based neuromuscular electrical stimulation as a new rehabilitative strategy for severely disabled patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thorax 2002 57 4 333 337 2-s2.0-0036221213 10.1136/thorax.57.4. 333 (Pubitemid 34298931)
224. Bourjeily-Habr G., Rochester C. L., Palermo F., Snyder P., Mohsenin V., Randomised controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation of the lower extremities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002 57 12 1045 1049 2-s2.0-0036897846 10.1136/thorax.57.12.1045 (Pubitemid 35440764)
225. Vivodtzev I., Pépin J.-L., Vottero G., Mayer V., Porsin B., Lévy P., Wuyam B., Improvement in quadriceps strenght and dyspnea in daily tasks after 1 month of electrical stimulation in severely deconditioned and malnourished COPD. Chest 2006 129 6 1540 1548 2-s2.0-33745121586 10.1378/chest.129.6.1540 (Pubitemid 43894983)
226. Zanotti E., Felicetti G., Maini M., Fracchia C., Peripheral muscle strength training in bed-bound patients with COPD receiving mechanical ventilation: effect of electrical stimulation. Chest 2003 124 1 292 296 2-s2.0-0038498288 10.1378/chest.124.1.292 (Pubitemid 36851365)
227. Dal Corso S., Nápolis L., Malaguti C., Gimenes A. C., Albuquerque A., Nogueira C. R., De Fuccio M. B., Pereira R. D. B., Bulle A., McFarlane N., Nery L. E., Neder J. A., Skeletal muscle structure and function in response to electrical stimulation in moderately impaired COPD patients. Respiratory Medicine 2007 101 6 1236 1243 2-s2.0-34247553777 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.023 (Pubitemid 46667669)
228. Vivodtzev I., Debigaré R., Gagnon P., Mainguy V., Saey D., Dubé A., Paré M.-È., Bélanger M., Maltais F., Functional and muscular effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with severe COPD: a randomized clinical trial. Chest 2012 141 3 716 725 2-s2.0-84857946530 10.1378/chest.11-0839
229. Abdellaoui A., Préfaut C., Gouzi F., Couillard A., Coisy-Quivy M., Hugon G., Molinari N., Lafontaine T., Jonquete O., Laoudj-Chenivesse D., Hayot M., Skeletal muscle effects of electrostimulation after COPD exacerbation: a pilot study. The European Respiratory Journal 2011 38 4 781 788 2-s2.0-80053056079 10.1183/09031936.00167110
230. Bosco C., Cardinale M., Tsarpela O., Influence of vibration on mechanical power and electromyogram activity in human arm flexor muscles. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 1999 79 4 306 311 2-s2.0-0033035807 10.1007/s004210050512 (Pubitemid 29080631)
231. Delecluse C., Roelants M., Verschueren S., Strength increase after whole-body vibration compared with resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2003 35 6 1033 1041 2-s2.0-0038454736 10.1249/01.MSS. 0000069752.96438.B0 (Pubitemid 36706293)
232. Rittweger J., Mutschelknauss M., Felsenberg D., Acute changes in neuromuscular excitability after exhaustive whole body vibration exercise as compared to exhaustion by squatting exercise. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 2003 23 2 81 86 2-s2.0-0037346511 (Pubitemid 36372469)
233. Torvinen S., Kannus P., Sievänen H., Järvinen T. A. H., Pasanen M., Kontulainen S., Nenonen A., Järvinen T. L. N., Paakkala T., Järvinen M., Vuori I., Effect of 8-month vertical whole body vibration on bone, muscle performance, and body balance: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2003 18 5 876 884 2-s2.0-10744225480 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.5.876 (Pubitemid 37294971)
234. de Zepetnek J. O. T., Giangregorio L. M., Craven B. C., Whole-body vibration as potential intervention for people with low bone mineral density and osteoporosis: a review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 2009 46 4 529 542 2-s2.0-70349235479 10.1682/JRRD.2008.09.0136
235. Pleguezuelos E., Perez M. E., Guirao L., Effects of whole body vibration training in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2013 18 6 1028 1034
236. Gloeckl R., Heinzelmann I., Baeuerle S., Damm E., Schwedhelm A.-L., Diril M., Buhrow D., Jerrentrup A., Kenn K., Effects of whole body vibration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-a randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Medicine 2012 106 1 75 83 2-s2.0-82955233836 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.021
237. Planas M., Álvarez J., García-Peris P. A., de la Cuerda C., de Lucas P., Castellà M., Canseco F., Reyes L., Nutritional support and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Clinical Nutrition 2005 24 3 433 441 2-s2.0-18744410932 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.01. 005 (Pubitemid 40668431)
238. Ferreira I. M., Brooks D., Lacasse Y., Goldstein R. S., Nutritional support for individuals with COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest 2000 117 3 672 678 2-s2.0-0034061373 (Pubitemid 30152204)
239. Ferreira I. M., Brooks D., Lacasse Y., Goldstein R. S., White J., Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 2 CD000998 2-s2.0-21844435508
240. Efthimiou J., Fleming J., Gomes C., Spiro S. G., The effects of supplementary oral nutrition in poorly nourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1988 137 5 1075 1082 2-s2.0-0023824259
241. Ferreira I. M., Brooks D., Lacasse Y., Goldstein R. S., Nutritional supplementation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000 3 CD000998 2-s2.0-0034565341
242. Weekes C. E., Emery P. W., Elia M., Dietary counselling and food fortification in stable copd: a randomised trial. Thorax 2009 64 4 326 331 2-s2.0-64849097818 10.1136/thx.2008.097352
243. Vermeeren M. A. P., Wouters E. F. M., Geraerts-Keeris A. J. W., Schols A. M. W. J., Nutritional support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during hospitalization for an acute exacerbation; a randomized controlled feasibility trial. Clinical Nutrition 2004 23 5 1184 1192 2-s2.0-4544340271 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.03.008 (Pubitemid 39243036)
244. Creutzberg E. C., Wouters E. F. M., Mostert R., Weling-Scheepers C. A. P. M., Schols A. M. W. J., Efficacy of nutritional supplementation therapy in depleted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nutrition 2003 19 2 120 127 2-s2.0-0037317984 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00841-9 (Pubitemid 36196765)
245. Beauchamp M. K., Hill K., Goldstein R. S., Janaudis-Ferreira T., Brooks D., Impairments in balance discriminate fallers from non-fallers in COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2009 103 12 1885 1891 2-s2.0-70350736392 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.06.008
246. Roig M., Eng J. J., MacIntyre D. L., Road J. D., FitzGerald J. M., Burns J., Reid W. D., Falls in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational cohort study. Respiratory Medicine 2011 105 3 461 469 2-s2.0-79151477326 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.08.015
247. Henderson N. K., White C. P., Eisman J. A., The roles of exercise and fall risk reduction in the prevention of osteoporosis. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 1998 27 2 369 387 2-s2.0-0031859685 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70010-4 (Pubitemid 28285869)
248. Sinaki M., Exercise for patients with osteoporosis: management of vertebral compression fractures and trunk strengthening for fall prevention. PM&R 2012 4 11 882 888 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.008
249. Suominen H., Muscle training for bone strength. Aging-Clinical and Experimental Research 2006 18 2 85 93 2-s2.0-33744820305 (Pubitemid 43833625)
250. Englund U., Nordström P., Nilsson J., Bucht G., Björnstig U., Hallmans G., Svensson O., Pettersson U., Physical activity in middle-aged women and hip fracture risk: the UFO study. Osteoporosis International 2011 22 2 499 505 2-s2.0-78651469043 10.1007/s00198-010-1234-1
251. Beauchamp M. K., Janaudis-Ferreira T., Parreira V., A randomized controlled trial of balance training during pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with COPD. Chest 2013 144 6 1803 1810 10.1378/chest.13-1093