Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs

Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-271

  Pearce, Joshua M ^a  

^a Michigan Technological University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899133156     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/C2012-0-07249-3     Document Type: Book

References (252)

1. Pearce Joshua M. Building research equipment with free, open-source hardware. Science 2012, 337(6100):1303-1304.
2. Bretthauer D.W. Open source software: a history. Inf Technol Libr 2002, 21(1):3-10.
3. Moon J.Y., Sproull L. Essence of distributed work: the case of the Linux kernel. First Monday 2000, 5(11). Retrieved 25.01.13, from. mailto:http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/801/710.
4. Raymond E.S. The cathedral and the bazaar. First Monday 1988, 3(3). Retrieved 25.01.13, from:. mailto:http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/578/499.
5. The Open Source Definition (Version 1.9) Open source initiative Retrieved 25.01.13, from:. http://opensource.org/docs/definition.html.
6. Bonaccorsi A., Rossi C. Why open source software can succeed. Res Policy 2003, 32:1243-1258.
7. Kogut B., Metiu A. Open-source software development and distributed innovation. Oxford Rev Econ Policy 2001, 17(2):248-264.
8. Giles J. Internet encyclopaedias go head to head. Nature 2005, 438:900-901.
9. Silverman M. Encyclopedia Britannica vs Wikipedia 2012, [Infographic] [WWW Document], Mashable, Retrieved 25.02.13, from:. mailto:http://mashable.com/2012/03/16/encyclopedia-britannica-wikipedia-infographic/.
10. Mockus A., Fielding R.T., Herbsleb J.D. Two cases studies of open source software development: Apache and Mozilla. ACM Trans Software Eng Methodol 2002, 11(3):309-346.
11. Deek F.P., McHugh J.A.M. Open source: technology and policy 2007, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
12. Weber S. The success of open source 2004, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
13. Pearce J.M. Appropedia as a tool for service learning in sustainable development. J Educ Sustainable Dev 2009, 3(1):47-55.
14. Christian W., Esquembre F., Barbato L. Open source physics. Science 2011, 334:1077-1078.
15. Pearce J.M., Mushtaq U. Overcoming technical constraints for obtaining sustainable development with open source appropriate technology, science and technology for humanity (TIC-STH) 2009, 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference, pp. 814-820.
16. Buitenhuis A.J., Zelenika I., Pearce J.M. Open design-based strategies to enhance appropriate technology development. Proceedings of the fourteenth annual national collegiate inventors and innovators alliance conference 2010, 25-27: P. 1-2, March, 2010.
17. Zelenika I., Pearce J.M. Barriers to appropriate technology growth in sustainable development. J Sustainable Dev 2011, 4(6):12-22.
18. Pearce J.M. The case for open source appropriate technology. Environ, Dev Sustainability 2012, 14:425-431.
19. Stokstad E. Open-source ecology takes root across the world. Science 2011, 334:308-309.
20. Bruns B. Open sourcing nanotechnology research and development: issues and opportunities. Nanotechnology 2001, 12:198-210.
21. Mushtaq U., Pearce J.M. Open source appropriate nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and global sustainability 2012, 191-213. CRC Press, New York, NY. D. Maclurcan, N. Radywyl (Eds.).
22. Pearce J.M. Make nanotechnology research open-source. Nature 2012, 491:519-521.
23. Lang T. Advancing global health research through digital technology and sharing data. Science 2011, 331:714-717.
24. Meister S., Plouffe D.M., Kuhen K.L., Bonamy G.M.C., Wu T., Barnes S.W., et al. Imaging of plasmodium liver stages to drive next-generation antimalarial drug discovery. Science 2011, 334:1372-1377.
25. Woelfle M., Olliaro P., Todd M.H. Open science is a research accelerator. Nat Chem 2011, 3(10):745-748.
26. Nielsen M. Reinventing discovery: the new era of networked science 2011, Princeton University Press.
27. Pearce J.M. Open source research in sustainability. Sustainability: J Rec 2012, 5(4):238-243.
28. Jones R., Haufe P., Sells E., Iravani P., Olliver V., Palmer C., et al. RepRap - the replicating rapid prototyper. Robotica 2011, 29:177-191.
29. Symes M.D., Kitson P.J., Yan J., Richmond C.J., Cooper G.J.T., Bowman R.W., et al. Integrated 3D-printed reactionware for chemical synthesis and analysis. Nat Chem 2012, 4:349-354.
30. Metz C. Microsoft embraces elephant of open source. Wired 2011, Retrieved 25.02.13, from:. mailto:http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2011/10/microsoft-and-hadoop/.
31. Lieberwitz R.L. Educational law: the corporatization of academic research: whose interests are served?. Akron Law Rev 2005, 38(759):764-765.
32. Chan A.S., Fisher D. Exchange university: corporatization of academic culture 2008, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
33. Gelman I.J. Opinion: missing methods. Scientist 2012, Available from:, [accessed 9.05.12]. mailto:http://the-scientist.com/2012/05/03/opinion-missing-methods/.
34. Weber S. The political economy of open source software 2000, Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, Working Paper, 140.
35. Levy S. Hackers: heroes of the computer revolution 1984, Doubleday, New York.
36. Bergquist M., Ljungberg J. The power of gifts: organizing social relationships in open source communities. Open Inf Syst J 2001, 11:305-320.
37. Bessen J., Maskin E. Sequential innovation, patents, and imitation. RAND J Econ 2009, 40(4):611-635.
38. Pearce J.M. Open source research in sustainability. Sustainability: J Rec 2012, 5(4):238-243.
39. Denkenberger D.C., Pearce Joshua M. Compound parabolic concentrators for solar water heat pasteurization: numerical simulation. Proceedings of the 2006 international conference of solar cooking and food processing; 2006, p. 108.
40. Denkenberger D.C., Brandemuehl M.J., Pearce J.M., Zhai J. Expanded microchannel heat exchanger: design, fabrication and preliminary experimental test. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part A 2012, 226:532-544.
41. Harnad S., Brody T. Comparing the impact of open access (OA) vs non-OA articles in the same journals. D-Lib Mag 2004, 10(6). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june04/harnad/06harnad.html.
42. Metcalfe T.S. The rise and citation impact of astro-ph in major journals. BAAS 2005, 37:555. (astro-ph/0503519).
43. Schwarz G.J., Kennicutt R.C. Demographic and citation trends in astrophysical journal papers and preprints. BAAS 2004, 36:1654.
44. Pearce J.M., Babasola A., Andrews R. Open solar photovoltaic systems optimization. Proceedings of the sixteenth annual national collegiate inventors and innovators alliance conference 2012, 1-7.
45. Pearce J.M. Appropedia as a tool for service learning in sustainable development. J Educ Sustainable Dev 2009, 3(1):47-55.
46. Kinsella N.S. Against intellectual property. J Libertarian Stud 2001, 15(2):1-53.
47. Nowack M., Highfield R. SuperCooperators 2011, Canongate Books.
48. Keltner D. Born to be good: the science of a meaningful life 2009, W. W. Norton & Company.
49. Tomasello M. Why we cooperate: based on the 2008 tanner lectures on human values at Stanford 2009, MIT Press.
50. Giseburt R. Is one of our open source heroes going closed source? 2012, mailto:http://blog.makezine.com/2012/09/19/is-one-of-our-open-source-heroes-going-closed-source/.
51. Pettis B. Fixing misinformation with information 2012, MakerBot. Available from:. mailto:http://www.makerbot.com/blog/2012/09/20/fixing-misinformation-with-information/.
52. DiBona C., Ockman S., Stone M. Open sources: voices from the open source revolution 1999, O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol CA.
53. Pearce J.M. Building research equipment with free, open-source hardware. Science 2012, 337(6100):1303-1304.
54. Chertow M.R. Industrial symbiosis: literature and taxonomy. Ann Rev Energy Environ 2000, 25:313-337.
55. Ehrenfeld J., Gertler N. Industrial ecology in practice. The evolution of interdependence at Kalundborg. J Ind Ecol 1997, 1(1):67-79.
56. Jacobsen N.B. Industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark: a quantitative assessment of economic and environmental aspects. J of Ind Ecol 2006, 10:239-255.
57. Pearce J.M. Industrial symbiosis for very large scale photovoltaic manufacturing. Renewable Energy 2008, 33:1101-1108.
58. Milne G., Readon C. Embodied energy. Your home technical manual: Australia's guide to environmentally sustainable homes 2005, Commonwealth of Australia.
59. Keshner M.S., Arya R. Study of potential cost reductions resulting from super-large-scale manufacturing of PV modules 2004, NREL/, SR-520-36846.
60. Branker K., Pathak M.J.M., Pearce J.M. A review of solar photovoltaic levelized cost of electricity. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2011, 15:4470-4482.
61. Nosrat A.H., Jeswiet J., Pearce J.M. Cleaner production via industrial symbiosis in glass and large-scale solar photovoltaic manufacturing, science and technology for humanity (TIC-STH) 2009, 2009, IEEE Toronto international Conference, p. 967-970.
62. Andrews R., Pearce J.M. Environmental and economic assessment of a greenhouse waste heat exchange. J Cleaner Prod 2011, 19:1446-1454.
63. Pellegrino J., Sousa L., Levine E. Energy and environmental profile of the U.S glass industry 2002, Office of Industrial Technologies, [Final Report].
64. U.S Department of Energy Industrial assessment centers database 2007, Accessed at:. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/iacs.html.
65. Chalabi Z.S., Biro A., Bailey B.J., Aikman D.P., Cockshull K.E. Structures and environment: optimal control strategies for carbon dioxide enrichment in greenhouse tomato crops, part 1: using pure carbon dioxide. Biosyst Eng 2002, 81(No. 4):421-431.
66. Kreiger M.A., Shonnard D.R., Pearce J.M. Life cycle analysis of silane recycling in amorphous silicon-based solar photovoltaic manufacturing. Resour, Conserv Recycl 2013, 70:44-49.
67. Hecker F. Setting up shop: the business of open-source software. IEEE Software 1999, 16:45-51.
68. Open sources: voices from the open source revolution 1999, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. C. DiBona, S. Ockman, M. Stone (Eds.).
69. Raymond E. The cathedral and the bazaar. Knowl Technol Policy 1999, 12:23-49.
70. Mahadevan B. Business models for internet-based ecommerce: an anatomy. Calif Manage Rev 2000, 42(4):55-69.
71. Pomerance G.M. Business models for open source hardware design 2000, Available at:. http://pages.nyu.edu/%7Egmp216/papers/bmfosh-1.0.html.
72. Fink M. Business and economics of Linux and open source 2002, Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference.
73. Mockus A., Fielding R.T., Herbsleb J.D. Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and Mozilla. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 2002, 11:309-346.
74. Bonaccorsi, Rossi Why open source software can succeed. Res Policy 2003, 32:1243-1258.
75. Bonaccorsi A., Rossi C., Giannangeli S. Adaptive entry strategies under dominant standards - hybrid business models in the open source software industry. SSRN J 2004, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.519842.
76. Krishnamurthy S. An analysis of open source business models. Perspectives on free and open source software 2005, MIT Press, Cambridge. J. Feller, B. Fitzgerald, S. Hissam, K. Lakhani (Eds.).
77. Mulgan G., Steinberg T., Salem O. Wide open: open source methods and their future potential 2005, Demos, London.
78. Tuomi I. The future of open source. How open is the future? 2005, 429-459. VUB Brussels University Press, Brussels, Belgium. M. Wynants, J. Cornelis (Eds.).
79. O'Reilly T. What is web 2.0: design patterns and business models for the next generation of software. Commun Strateg 2007, 65(1):17-37.
80. Zott C., Amit R., Massa L. The business model: theoretical roots, recent developments, and future research 2010, IESE Business School University of Navarra, Working Paper-862.
81. Buitenhuis A.J., Pearce J.M. Open-source development of solar photovoltaic technology. Energy Sustainable Dev 2012, 16:379-388.
82. Pearce J.M., Johnson S.J., Grant G.B. 3D-mapping optimization of embodied energy of transportation. Resour, Conserv Recycl 2007, 51:435-453.
83. Doyle W., Pearce J.M. Utilization of virtual globes for open source industrial symbiosis. Open Environ Sci 2009, 3:88-96.
84. Zhang C., Anzalone N.C., Faria R.P., Pearce J.M. Open-source 3D-printable optics equipment. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(3):e59840. 10.1371/journal.pone.0059840.
85. Basken Paul Lab equipment made with 3-D printers could cut costs by 97% March 29, 2013, https://chronicle.com/blogs/percolator/lab-equipment-made-with-3-d-printers-could-cut-costs-by-97.
86. Boldrin Michele, Levine D.K. Against intellectual monopoly 2008, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
87. Taylor C. Wired's Chris Anderson: today's "Maker Movement" is the new industrial revolution [TCTV] 2012, TechCrunch. mailto:http://techcrunch.com/2012/10/09/wireds-chris-anderson-todays-maker-movement-is-the-new-industrial-revolution-tctv/.
88. Hardin G. The tragedy of the commons. Science 1968, 162(3859):1243-1248.
89. Ostrom E. Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action 1990, Cambridge University Press.
90. Ostrom E., Walker J. Communication in a commons: cooperation without external enforcement. Laboratory research in political economy 1991, 287-322.
91. Dietz T., Ostrom E., Stern P.C. The struggle to govern the commons. Science 2003, 302(5652):1907-1912.
92. Gomulkiewicz R.W., Williamson M.L. A brief defense of mass market software license agreements. Rutgers Comput Technol Law J 1996, 22(1):335-368.
93. Lemley M.A. Intellectual property and shrinkwrap licenses. South Calif Law Rev 1994, 68(1):1239-1294.
94. Goodman B. Honey, I shrink-wrapped the consumer: the shrink-wrap agreement as an adhesion contract. Cardozo Law Rev 1999, 21:319.
95. Sims R.R., Brinkmann J. Enron ethics (or: culture matters more than codes). J Bus Ethics 2003, 45(3):243-256.
96. Lerner J., Tirole J. Some simple economics of open source. J Ind Econ 2002, 50(2):197-234.
97. Lerner J., Tirole J. The scope of open source licensing. J Law Econ Organ 2005, 21(1):20-56.
98. Stallman R. The GNU operating system and the free software movement. Open sources: voices from the open source revolution 1999, 53-70. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, Sebastopol, US. 1st ed. C. DiBona, S. Ockman, M. Stone (Eds.).
99. Free Software Foundation The GNU general public license 2013, GNU Project. [Retrieved 18.05.13], from:. http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html.
100. Bruns B. Open sourcing nanotechnology research and development: issues and opportunities. Nanotechnology 2001, 12(3):198-210.
101. Perens B. The open source definition. Open sources: voices from the open source revolution 1999, 171-188. O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, Sebastopol, US. 1st ed. C. DiBona, S. Ockman, M. Stone (Eds.).
102. TAPR The TAPR open hardware license 2013, http://www.tapr.org/ohl.html.
103. Chumby HDK, chumby HDK license agreement 2013. Available from: . http://www.chumby.com/developers/agreement.
104. Seidle N. IP obesity 2012, Available from:. http://www.sparkfun.com/news/963.
105. The Open Source Hardware Association OSHW community survey 2012, Available from:. http://www.oshwa.org/oshw-community-survey-2012/#section4.
106. Zelenika I, Pearce JM. The internet and other ICTs as tools and catalysts for sustainable development: innovation for 21st century. Inf Dev, in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666912465742.
107. Brewer Eric, Demmer Michael, Du Bowei, Ho Melissa, Kam Matthew, Nedevschi Sergiu, et al. The case for technology in developing regions. Computer 2005, 38(6):25-38.
108. James J. Low-cost information technology in developing countries: current opportunities and emerging possibilities. Habitat Int 2002, 26(1):21-31.
109. The open source hardware association. Definition. Available from: . http://www.oshwa.org/definition/.
110. Boldrin M., Levine D.K. Against intellectual monopoly 2008, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
111. Mowery D.C., Nelson R.R., Sampat B.N., Ziedonis A.A. The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole act of 1980. Res Policy 2001, 30:99-119.
112. Garfinkel S.L., Stallman R.M., Kapor M. Why patents are bad for software. High noon on the electronic front: conceptual issues in cyberspace 1999, 35-46. MIT, Cambridge. P. Ludlow (Ed.).
113. Heller M.A., Eisenberg R.S. Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research. Science 1998, 280:698-701.
114. Chesbrough H. Open business models: how to thrive in the new innovation landscape 2006, Harvard Business School Press.
115. Lemley M.A. Patenting nanotechnology. Stanford Law Rev 2005, 58:601-630.
116. Vaidhyanathan S. Nanotechnologies and the law of patents: a collision course. Nanotechnology: risk, ethics and law 2006, 225-236. Earthscan, London. M. Mehta, G. Hunt (Eds.).
117. Makker A. The nanotechnology patent thicket and the path to commercialization. South Calif Law Rev 2011, 84:1163-1403.
118. Pearce J.M. Make nanotechnology research open-source. Nature 2012, 491:519-521.
119. Mushtaq U., Pearce J.M. Open source appropriate nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and global sustainability 2012, 191-213. CRC Press, Boca Raton. D. Maclurcan, N. Radywyl (Eds.).
120. Stiles A.R. Hacking through the thicket: a proposed patent pooling solution to the nanotechnology "Building Block" patent thicket. Drexel Law Rev 2012, 4:555-592.
121. Pearce JM. Open-source nanotechnology: solutions to a modern intellectual property tragedy. Nano Today, in press. doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2013.04.001.
122. McGowan D. Legal implications of open-source software. Univ Ill Law Rev 2001, 2001(1):241-304.
123. Weinberg M. It will be awesome if they don't screw it up. Public Knowl 2010, Available from:. http://publicknowledge.org/it-will-be-awesome-if-they-dont-screw-it-up.
124. Bradshaw S., Bowyer A., Haufe P. The intellectual property implications of low-cost 3D printing. ScriptEd 2010, 7(1):5-31.
125. Diamond J. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed 2005, Penguin, [Revised edition].
126. Blackburn S. Ethics: a very short introduction 2001, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 101.
127. Arduino Pin map of the Arduino Mega 2560 Available from. http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Hacking/PinMap2560.png.
128. HH10D Datasheet 2013, http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Temperature/HH10D.pdf.
129. 2C-bus and other systems August, 2007, Philips Semiconductors. http://ics.nxp.com/support/documents/interface/pdf/an97055.pdf.
130. Pearce J.M. Building research equipment with free, open-source hardware. Science 2012, 337(6100):1303-1304.
131. Upcraft S., Fletcher R. Assem Autom 2003, 23(4).
132. Gibson I., Rosen D.W., Stucker B. Phys Procedia 2010, 5.
133. Petrovic V., Gonzalez J.V.H., Ferrando O.J., Gordillo J.D., Puchades J.R.B., Griñan L.P. Additive layered manufacturing: sectors of industrial application shown through case studies. Int J Prod Res 2011, 49(4):1061-1079.
134. Gebhardt A., Schmidt F., Hötter J., Sokalla W., Sokalla P. Phys Procedia 2010, 5(2).
135. Crane N.B., Tuckerman J., Nielson G.N. Self-assembly in additive manufacturing: opportunities and obstacles. Rapid Prototyping J 2011, 17(3):211-217.
136. Economist 21 April, 2012 [special issue].
137. Jones R., Haufe P., Sells E. RepRap - the replicating rapid prototyper. Robotica 2011, 29(1):177-191.
138. Gershenfeld N. Fab: the coming revolution on your desktop - from personal computers to personal fabrication 2005, Basic Books, New York, NY.
139. Corney J. The next and last industrial revolution?. Assem Autom 2005, 25(4):257.
140. Malone E., Lipson H. Fab@Home: the personal desktop fabricator kit. Rapid Prototyping J 2007, 13(4):245-255.
141. Pearce J.M., Blair C.M., Laciak K.J., Andrews R., Nosrat A., Zelenika-Zovko I. 3-D printing of open source appropriate technologies for self-directed sustainable development. J Sustainable Dev 2010, 3(4):17-29.
142. Bradshaw S., Bowyer A., Haufe P. The intellectual property implications of low-cost 3D printing. ScriptEd 2010, 7(1):1-27. 10.2966/scrip.070110.5.
143. Holland D., O'Donnell G., Bennett G. Open design and the RepRap project. 27th International Manufacturing Conference 2010, 97-106.
144. Weinberg M. It will be awesome if they don't screw it up 2010, http://nlc1.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/creativecommons/3DPrintingPaperPublicKnowledge.pdf.
145. Cano J. The Cambrian explosion of popular 3D printing. Int J Artif Intell Interact Multimedia 2011, 1(4):30-32.
146. Pearce Joshua M. Building research equipment with free, open-source hardware. Science 2012, 337(6100):1303-1304.
147. Hodgson G. Interview with Adrian Bowyer. RepRap Magazine 2013, (Issue 1):8-14.
148. Bowyer Adrian Wealth without money 2004, RepRap Wiki. Available from:. mailto:http://reprap.org/wiki/Wealth_Without_Money.
149. RepRap wiki User: Emmanuel, The RepRap Family Tree - Timeline 2006-2012 v4.0 14-04-2012 Available from:. http://www.reprap.org/wiki/RepRap_Family_Tree.
150. Sells E., Bailard S., Smith Z., Bowyer A. RepRap: the replicating rapid prototype maximizing customizability by breeding the means of production 2007, MCPC 2007, Cambridge, MA, No. MCPC-045-2007.
151. Arnott R. The RepRap project - open source meets 3D printing. Computer and information science seminar series 2008.
152. Kentzer J., Koch B., Thiim M., Jones R.W., Villumsen E. An open source hardware-based mechatronics project: the replicating rapid 3-D printer. 2011 4th International Conference on Mechatronics 2011, 1-8.
153. Arduino homepage 2013, Available from:. http://www.arduino.cc/.
154. Baechler Christian, DeVuono Matthew, Pearce Joshua M. Distributed recycling of waste polymer into RepRap feedstock. Rapid Prototyping J 2013, 19(2):118-125.
155. Gonzalez-Gomez J., Valero-Gomez A., Prieto-Moreno A., Abderrahim M. A new open source 3D-printable mobile robotic platform for education. Adv Autonomous Mini Robots 2012, 49-62.
156. Anzalone G.C., Glover A.G., Pearce J.M. Open-source colorimeter. Sensors 2013, 13(4):5338-5346.
157. Leigh S.J., Bradley R.J., Purssell C.P., Billson D.R., Hutchins D.A. A simple, low-cost conductive composite material for 3D printing of electronic sensors. PLoS One 2012, 7(11):e49365.
158. Redlich T.O.B.I.A.S., Wulfsberg J.P, Bruhns F.L. Virtual factory for customized open production. Tagungsband 15th International Product Development Management Conference 2008, Hamburg.
159. DeVor R.E., Kapoor S.G., Cao J., Ehmann K.F. Transforming the landscape of manufacturing: distributed manufacturing based on desktop manufacturing (DM)2. ASME DC J Electron Packag July 18, 2012, 134(4). 10.1115/1.4006095.
160. Moses Matt, Yamaguchi Hiroshi, Chirikjian Gregory S. Towards cyclic fabrication systems for modular robotics and rapid manufacturing. Proc Rob: Sci Syst 2009.
161. Bayless Jacob, Chen Mo, Dai Bing Wire embedding 3D printer 2010.
162. Bhatia Sangeeta N., Chen Christopher S. Rapid casting of patterned vascular networks for perfusable engineered three-dimensional tissues 2012.
163. Zhang C., Anzalone N.C., Faria R.P., Pearce J.M. Open-source 3D-printable optics equipment. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(3):e59840.
164. Jones R., Haufe P., Sells E., Iravani P., Olliver V., Palmer C., et al. RepRap - the replicating rapid prototyper. Robotica 2011, 29:177-191.
165. Pearce J.M. Building research equipment with free, open-source hardware. Science 2012, 337:1303-1304.
166. Sells E., Bailard S., Smith Z., Bowyer A., Olliver V. RepRap: the replicating rapid prototyper-maximizing customizability by breeding the means of production. Strategies and concepts 2009, vol. 1:568-580. World Scientific, New Jersey. F.T. Pillar, M.M. Tseng (Eds.).
167. Dimiduk T.G., Kosheleva E.A., Kaz D., McGorty R., Gardel E.J., Manoharan V.N., et al. A simple, inexpensive holographic microscope. Digital holography and three-dimensional imaging. Osa technical digest (CD). Opt Soc Am 2010, JMA38.
168. Sun R., Bouchard M.B., Burgess S.A., Radosevich A.J., Hillman E.M. A low-cost, portable system for high-speed multispectral optical imaging. Biomedical optics. Osa technical digest (CD). Opt Soc Am 2010, BTuD41.
169. Teikari P., Najjar R.P., Malkki H., Knoblauch K., Dumortier D., Gronfier C., et al. An inexpensive Arduino-based LED stimulator system for vision research. J Neurosci Methods 2012, 211:227-236.
170. Zhang C., Anzalone N.C., Faria R.P., Pearce J.M. Open-source 3D-printable optics equipment. PLoS One 2013, 8(3):e59840. 10.1371/journal.pone.0059840.
171. Jones R.O., Iravani P., Bowyer A. Rapid manufacturing of functional engineering components 2012, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
172. Baechler C., DeVuono M., Pearce J.M. Distributed recycling of waste polymer into RepRap feedstock. Rapid Prototyping J 2013, 19:118-125.
173. Kreiger M, Pearce J.M. Environmental impacts of distributed manufacturing from 3-D printing of polymer components and products. MRS Online Proc Libr 2013, 1492. mrsf12-1492-g01-02.
174. Pearce J.M., Blair C.M., Laciak K.J., Andrews R., Nosrat A., Zelenika-Zovko I. 3-D printing of open source appropriate technologies for self-directed sustainable development. J Sustainable Dev 2010, 3:17.
175. Kreiger M., Anzalone G.C., Mulder M.L., Glover A., M Pearce J. Distributed recycling of post-consumer plastic waste in rural areas. MRS Online Proc Libr 2013, 1492. mrsf12-1492-g04-06.
176. Pearce J.M. Make nanotechnology research open-source. Nature 2012, 491:519-521.
177. Pearce JM. Open-source nanotechnology: solutions to a modern intellectual property tragedy. Nano Today. Available online 2013 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2013.04.001.
178. Symes M.D., Kitson P.J., Yan J., Richmond C.J., Cooper G.J.T., Bowman R.W., et al. Integrated 3D-printed reactionware for chemical synthesis and analysis. Nat Chem 2012, 4:349-354.
179. Cardona A., Saalfeld S., Schindelin J., Arganda-Carreras I., Preibisch S., Longair M., et al. TrakEM2 software for neural circuit reconstruction. PLoS One 2012, 7:e38011.
180. Kumar K., Desai V., Cheng L., Khitrov M., Grover D., Satya R.V., et al. AGeS: a software system for microbial genome sequence annotation. PLoS One 2011, 6:e17469.
181. Christian W., Esquembre F., Barbato L. Open source physics. Science 2011, 334:1077-1078.
182. Marzullo T.C., Gage G.J. The SpikerBox: a low cost, open-source bioamplifier for increasing public participation in neuroscience inquiry. PLoS One 2012, 7:e30837.
183. Pearce JM. The case for open source appropriate technology. Environ, Dev Sustainability 2012, 14:425-431.
184. Stokstad E. Open-source ecology takes root across the world. Science 2011, 334:308-309.
185. Bruns B. Open sourcing nanotechnology research and development: issues and opportunities. Nanotechnology 2001, 12:198-210.
186. Mushtaq U., Pearce J.M. Open source appropriate nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and global sustainability 2012, 191-213. D. Maclurcan, N. Radywyl (Eds.).
187. Nielsen M. Reinventing discovery: the new era of networked science 2011, Princeton University Press.
188. Lang T. Advancing global health research through digital technology and sharing data. Science 2011, 331:714-717.
189. Glynn L.H., Hallgren K.A., Houck J.M., Moyers T.B. Cacti: free, open-source software for the sequential coding of behavioral interactions. PLoS One 2012, 7:e39740.
190. Denkenberger D.C., Brandemuehl M.J., Pearce J.M., Zhai J. Expanded microchannel heat exchanger: design, fabrication and preliminary experimental test. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part A 2012, 226:532-544.
191. Denkenberger D.C., Pearce J.M. Compound parabolic concentrators for solar water heat pasteurization: numerical simulation. Proceedings of the 2006 international conference of solar cooking and food processing 2006, 108.
192. Brasor P. Public wary of official optimism Sunday, March 11, 2012, The Japan Times.
193. You Can View Official EPA Radiation Readings Washington post. Available from:. http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2011/03/you-can-view-official-epa-radiation-readings.html.
194. Japan Geigermap: At-a-glance Available from:. http://japan.failedrobot.com/.
195. Pearce J.M. Limitations of nuclear power as a sustainable energy source. Sustainability 2012, 4(6):1173-1187.
196. Burke J., Estrin D., Hansen M., Parker A., Ramanathan N., Reddy S., et al. Participatory sensing. Proceedings of the workshop on the world-sensor-web (WSW'06), mobile device centric sensor networks and applications 2006, 117-134. Boulder, Colorado.
197. Crooks A, Croitoru A, Stefanidis A, Radzikowski J Earthquake: twitter as a distributed sensor system. Trans GIS 2013, 17(1):124-147.
198. Settle F.A. Topics in chemical instrumentation, evolution of instrumentation for UV-visible spectrophotometry. J Chem Educ 1986, A216-A223.
199. Popov-Raljic J.V., Mastilovic J.S., Lalicic-Petronijevic J.G., Popov V.S. Investigations of bread production with postponed staling applying instrumental measurements of bread crumb color. Sensors 2009, 9:8613-8623.
200. Popov-Raljic J.V., Lalicic-Petronijevic J.G. Sensory properties and color measurements of dietary chocolates with different compositions during storage for up to 360 days. Sensors 2009, 9:1996-2016.
201. Popov-Raljic J.V., Lakic N.S., Lalicic-Petronijevic J.G., Barac M.B., Sikimic V.M. Color changes of UHT milk during storage. Sensors 2008, 8:5961-5974.
202. Bogue R. Optical chemical sensors for industrial applications. Sensor Rev 2007, 27(2):86-90.
203. Terry P.A. Application of ozone and oxygen to reduce chemical oxygen demand and hydrogen sulfide from recovered paper processing plant. Int J Chem Eng 2010, Article ID 250235, 6 pages. 10.1155/2010/250235.
204. Elliot A.M. A photoelectric colorimeter for estimating protozoan population densities. Trans Am Microscopial Soc 1949, 68:228-233.
205. Eckhardt L., Mayer J.A., Creech L., Johnston M.R., et al. Assessing children's ultraviolet radiation exposure: the potential usefulness of a colorimeter. Am J Public Health 1996, 86:1802-1804.
206. Trujillo O., Vanezis P., Cermignani M. Photometric assessment of skin colour and lightness using a tristimulus colorimeter: reliability of inter and intra-investigator observations in healthy adult volunteers. Forensic Sci Int 1996, 81:1-110.
207. Pesce S. Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Córdoba City (Argentina) on Suquía River. Water Res 2000, 34:2915-2926.
208. Hur J., Lee B.M., Lee T.H., Park D.H. Estimation of biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for combined sewer systems using synchronous fluorescence spectra. Sensors 2010, 10:2460-2471.
209. Hur J., Cho J. Prediction of BOD, COD, and total nitrogen concentrations in a typical urban river using a fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with PARAFAC and UV absorption indices. Sensors 2012, 12:972-986.
210. Anzalone G.C., Glover A.G., Pearce J.M. Open-source colorimeter. Sensors 2013, 13(4):5338-5346. 10.3390/s130405338.
211. United States Environmental Protection Agency Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes 1983, US EPA.
212. Gonzales J. Wastewater treatment in the fishery industry 1995, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
213. Hach Company Oxygen demand, chemical, method 8000 for water, wastewater and seawater Available from:. http://www.hach.com/asset-get.download.jsaId=7639983640.
214. Pearce J.M., Grafman L, Colledge T, Ryan L Leveraging information technology, social entrepreneurship and global collaboration for just sustainable development. Proceedings of the twelfth annual national collegiate inventors and innovators alliance conference 2008, 201-210.
215. Buitenhuis A.J., Zelenika I., Pearce J.M. Open design-based strategies to enhance appropriate technology development. Proceedings of the fourteenth annual national collegiate inventors and innovators alliance conference: open March 25-27, 2010, 1-112.
216. Pearce J.M., Albritton S., Grant G., Steed G., Zelenika I. A new model for enabling innovation in appropriate technology for sustainable development. Sustainability: Sci, Pract Policy 2012, 8(2):42-53.
217. Warren J. Mobile (Android) version of spectral workbench 2012, The Public Laboratory, Available from:, [accessed 19.10.12]. mailto:http://publiclaboratory.org/notes/warren/6-12-2012/mobile-android-version-spectral-workbench.
218. Williams A., Gibb A., Weekly D. Research with a hacker ethos: what DIY means for tangible interaction research. Interactions 2012, 19:14.
219. Buechley L., Hill B.M. LilyPad in the wild: how hardware's long tail is supporting new engineering and design communities 2010, MIT.
220. President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island The need for change, the legacy of TMI: report of the President's commission on the accident at three Mile Island 1979, President's Commission, Washington, DC, USA.
221. Thompson J., Thompson R., Bear D. TMI assessment, part 2 1995, Available from:[accessed 11.04.12]. mailto:http://www.southernstudies.org/images/sitepieces/ThompsonTMIassessment.pdf.
222. Gundersen A. Three myths of the Three Mile Island accident, lecture 2009, Fairewinds Energy Education Corp, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
223. Hatch M.C., Beyea J., Nieves J.W., Susser M. Cancer near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant: radiation emissions. Am J Epidemiol 1990, 132(3):397-417.
224. Wing S., Richardson D., Armstrong D., Crawford-Brown D. A reevaluation of cancer incidence near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant: the collision of evidence and assumptions. Environ Health Perspect 1997, 105:52-57.
225. Hatch M.C., Wallenstein S., Beyea J., Nieves J.W., Susser M. Cancer rates after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and proximity of residence to the plant. Am J Epidemiol 1991, 81(6):719-724.
226. Gur D., Good W.F., Tokuhata G.K., Goldhaber M.K., Rosen J.C., Rao G.R. Radiation dose assignment to individuals residing near the Three Mile Island nuclear station. Proc PA Acad Sci 1983, 57:99-102.
227. Talbott E.O., Youk A.O., McHugh K.P., Shire J.D., Zhang A., Murphy B.P., et al. Mortality among the residents of the Three Mile Island accident area: 1979-1992. Environ Health Perspect 2000, 108:545-552.
228. Wing S., Richardson D. Collision of evidence and assumptions: TMI déjà view. Environ Health Perspect 2000, 108:A546-A547.
229. Talbott E.O., Zhang A., Youk A.O., McHugh-Pemu K.P., Zborowski J.V. Re: "Collision of evidence and assumptions: TMI déjà view.". Environ Health Perspect 2000, 108:A547-A549.
230. Matthews C.M. Foreign science and engineering presence in US institutions and the labor force 2008.
231. National Science Foundation, Science and engineering indicators 2004, vol. 1, NSB04-01, Arlington, VA, January 15, 2004, pp. 3.38-3.39.
232. Finn M.G. Stay rates of foreign doctorate recipients from US universities, 2001 2003, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
233. Finn M.G. Stay rates of foreign doctorate recipients from US universities, 2003 2005, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN.
234. Finn M.G. Stay rates of foreign doctorate recipients from U.S. universities, 2005 2007, Science and Engineering Education, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education.
235. Freeman R.B. Does globalization of the scientific/engineering workforce threaten US economic leadership? 2005, (No. w11457), National Bureau of Economic Research.
236. Leslie P., Pearce J., Harrap R., Daniel S. The application of smartphone technology to economic and environmental analysis of building energy conservation strategies. Int J Sustainable Energy 2012, 31(5):295-311.
237. Pearce J.M. Open source research in sustainability. Sustainability: J Rec 2012, 5(4):238-243.
238. Pearce J.M Building research equipment with free, open-source hardware. Science 2012, 337(6100):1303-1304.
239. Zhang C., Anzalone N.C., Faria R.P., Pearce J.M. Open-source 3D-printable optics equipment. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(3):e59840. 10.1371/journal.pone.0059840.
240. Anzalone G.C., Glover A.G., Pearce J.M. Open-source colorimeter. Sensors 2013, 13(4):5338-5346. 10.3390/s130405338.
241. Popov-Raljic J.V., Mastilovic J.S., Lalicic-Petronijevic J.G., Popov V.S. Investigations of bread production with postponed staling applying instrumental measurements of bread crumb color. Sensors 2009, 9:8613-8623.
242. Popov-Raljic J.V., Lalicic-Petronijevic J.G. Sensory properties and color measurements of dietary chocolates with different compositions during storage for up to 360 days. Sensors 2009, 9:1996-2016.
243. Popov-Raljic J.V., Lakic N.S., Lalicic-Petronijevic J.G., Barac M.B., Sikimic V.M. Color changes of UHT milk during storage. Sensors 2008, 8:5961-5974.
244. Bogue R. Optical chemical sensors for industrial applications. Sens Rev 2007, 27:86-90.
245. Terry P.A. Application of ozone and oxygen to reduce chemical oxygen demand and hydrogen sulfide from recovered paper processing plant. Int J Chem Eng 2010, 10.1155/2010/250235.
246. Elliot A.M. A photoelectric colorimeter for estimating protozoan population densities. Trans Amer Microsc Soc 1949, 68:228-233.
247. Eckhardt L., Mayer J.A., Creech L., Johnston M.R. Assessing children's ultraviolet radiation exposure: the potential usefulness of a colorimeter. Amer J Pub Health 1996, 86:1802-1804.
248. Trujillo O., Vanezis P., Cermignani M. Photometric assessment of skin colour and lightness using a tristimulus colorimeter: reliability of inter and intra-investigator observations in healthy adult volunteers. Forensic Sci. Int. 1996, 81:1-10.
249. Pesce S. Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Córdoba city (Argentina) on Suquía River. Water Res 2000, 34:2915-2926.
250. Hur J., Lee B.M., Lee T.H., Park D.H. Estimation of biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for combined sewer systems using synchronous fluorescence spectra. Sensors 2010, 10:2460-2471.
251. Hur J., Cho J. Prediction of BOD, COD, and total nitrogen concentrations in a typical urban river using a fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with PARAFAC and UV absorption indices. Sensors 2012, 12:972-986.
252. Deek F.P., McHugh J.A.M. Open source: technology and policy 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.