Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: A replication and developmental extension

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 55, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 448-457

  Bogdan, Ryan ^a   Agrawal, Arpana ^a   Gaffrey, Michael S ^a   Tillman, Rebecca ^a   Luby, Joan L ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

5 HTTLPR; childhood; Depression; development; gene; gene environment; interaction; plasticity; serotonin; stress

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SLC6A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGY; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS;

EID: 84898034373     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: 14697610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12142     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ansorge, M.S., Zhou, M., Lira, A., Hen, R., &, Gingrich, J.A., (2004). Early-life blockade of the 5-HT transporter alters emotional behavior in adult mice. Science, 306, 879-881.
2. Barch, D.M., Gaffrey, M.S., Botteron, K.N., Belden, A.C., &, Luby, J.L., (2012). Functional brain activation to emotionally valenced faces in school-aged children with a history of preschool-onset major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 1035-1042.
3. Belsky, J., &, Pluess, M., (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 885-908.
4. Belsky, J., Pluess, M., &, Widaman, K.F., (2013). Confirmatory and competitive evaluation of alternative gene-environment interaction hypotheses. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 1135-1143.
5. Bufferd, S.J., Dougherty, L.R., Carlson, G.A., Rose, S., &, Klein, D.N., (2012). Psychiatric disorders in preschoolers: Continuity from ages 3 to 6. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 1157-1164.
6. Caspi, A., Hariri, A.R., Holmes, A., Uher, R., &, Moffitt, T.E., (2010). Genetic sensitivity to the environment: The case of the serotonin transporter gene and its implications for studying complex diseases and traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 509-527.
7. Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T.E., Taylor, A., Craig, I.W., Harrington, H.,... &, Poulton, R., (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386-389.
8. Christian, B.T., Wooten, D.W., Hillmer, A.T., Tudorascu, D.L., Converse, A.K., Moore, C.F.,... &, Schneider, M.L., (2013). Serotonin transporter genotype affects serotonin 5-HT1A binding in primates. Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 2512-2516.
9. Costello, E.J., Angold, A., March, J., &, Fairbank, J., (1998). Life events and post-traumatic stress: The development of a new measure for children and adolescents. Psychological Medicine, 28, 1275-1288.
10. David, S.P., Murthy, N.V., Rabiner, E.A., Munafo, M.R., Johnstone, E.C., Jacob, R.,... &, Grasby, P.M., (2005). A functional genetic variation of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter affects 5-HT1A receptor binding in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 2586-2590.
11. Duncan, L.E., &, Keller, M.C., (2011). A critical review of the first 10 years of candidate gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 1041-1049.
12. Eaves, L.J., (2006). Genotype × environment interaction in psychopathology: Fact or artifact? Twin research and Human Genetics, 9, 1-8.
13. Egger, H.L., &, Angold, A., (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 313-337.
14. Egger, H.L., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., Potts, E., Walter, B.K., &, Angold, A., (2006). Test-retest reliability of the preschool age psychiatric assessment (PAPA). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 538-549.
15. Gaffrey, M.S., Belden, A.C., &, Luby, J.L., (2011). The 2-week duration criterion and severity and course of early childhood depression: Implications for nosology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133, 537-545.
16. Gaffrey, M.S., Luby, J.L., Belden, A.C., Hirshberg, J.S., Volsch, J., &, Barch, D.M., (2011). Association between depression severity and amygdala reactivity during sad face viewing in depressed preschoolers: An fMRI study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, 364-370.
17. Gaffrey, M.S., Luby, J.L., Botteron, K., Repovs, G., &, Barch, D.M., (2012). Default mode network connectivity in children with a history of preschool onset depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 964-972.
18. Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H., Coccaro, E.F., Siever, L.J., &, New, A.S., (1998). Serotonin transporter protein gene polymorphism and personality measures in African American and European American subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1332-1338.
19. Gillespie, N.A., Whitfield, J.B., Williams, B., Heath, A.C., &, Martin, N.G., (2005). The relationship between stressful life events, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and major depression. Psychological Medicine, 35, 101-111.
20. Goodfellow, N.M., Benekareddy, M., Vaidya, V.A., &, Lambe, E.K., (2009). Layer II/III of the prefrontal cortex: Inhibition by the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor in development and stress. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 10094-10103.
21. Hammen, C., (2005). Stress and depression. [Review]. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 1, 293-319.
22. Hankin, B.L., Nederhof, E., Oppenheimer, C.W., Jenness, J., Young, J.F., Abela, J.R.,... &, Oldehinkel, A.J., (2011). Differential susceptibility in youth: Evidence that 5-HTTLPR × positive parenting is associated with positive affect 'for better and worse'. Translational Psychiatry, 1, e44.
23. Hariri, A.R., &, Holmes, A., (2006). Genetics of emotional regulation: The role of the serotonin transporter in neural function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 182-191.
24. Hariri, A.R., Mattay, V.S., Tessitore, A., Kolachana, B., Fera, F., Goldman, D.,... &, Weinberger, D.R., (2002). Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science, 297, 400-403.
25. Hayes, A.F., (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
26. Homberg, J.R., Schubert, D., &, Gaspar, P., (2010). New perspectives on the neurodevelopmental effects of SSRIs. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 31, 60-65.
27. Jovanovic, H., Perski, A., Berglund, H., &, Savic, I., (2011). Chronic stress is linked to 5-HT(1A) receptor changes and functional disintegration of the limbic networks. NeuroImage, 55, 1178-1188.
28. Karg, K., Burmeister, M., Shedden, K., &, Sen, S., (2011). The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression meta-analysis revisited: Evidence of genetic moderation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 444-454.
29. Kendler, K.S., Kessler, R.C., Walters, E.E., MacLean, C., Neale, M.C., Heath, A.C., &, Eaves, L.J., (1995). Stressful life events, genetic liability, and onset of an episode of major depression in women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 833-842.
30. Kendler, K.S., Kuhn, J.W., Vittum, J., Prescott, C.A., &, Riley, B., (2005). The interaction of stressful life events and a serotonin transporter polymorphism in the prediction of episodes of major depression: A replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 529-535.
31. Kendler, K.S., Thornton, L.M., &, Gardner, C.O., (2000). Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: An evaluation of the "kindling" hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1243-1251.
32. Knodt, A., (2012). Imputation of Microsatellite Markers with Tag SNPs. (M.S.). Durham, NC: Duke University.
33. Kobiella, A., Reimold, M., Ulshofer, D.E., Ikonomidou, V.N., Vollmert, C., Vollstadt-Klein, S.,... &, Smolka, M.N., (2011). How the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism influences amygdala function: The roles of in vivo serotonin transporter expression and amygdala structure. Translational Psychiatry, 1, e37.
34. Lesch, K.P., Bengel, D., Heils, A., Sabol, S.Z., Greenberg, B.D., Petri, S.,... &, Murphy, D.L., (1996). Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science, 274, 1527-1531.
35. Lu, A.T., Bakker, S., Janson, E., Cichon, S., Cantor, R.M., &, Ophoff, R.A., (2012). Prediction of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism genotypes from single nucleotide polymorphism arrays using machine learning methods. Psychiatric Genetics, 22, 182-188.
36. Luby, J.L., (2010). Preschool depression: The importance of identification of depression early in development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 91-95.
37. Luby, J.L., Heffelfinger, A., Koenig-McNaught, A.L., Brown, K., &, Spitznagel, E., (2004). The Preschool Feelings Checklist: A brief and sensitive screening measure for depression in young children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 708-717.
38. Luby, J.L., Heffelfinger, A.K., Mrakotsky, C., Hessler, M.J., Brown, K.M., &, Hildebrand, T., (2002). Preschool major depressive disorder: Preliminary validation for developmentally modified DSM-IV criteria. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 928-937.
39. Luby, J.L., Mrakotsky, C., Heffelfinger, A., Brown, K., &, Spitznagel, E., (2004). Characteristics of depressed preschoolers with and without anhedonia: Evidence for a melancholic depressive subtype in young children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1998-2004.
40. Luby, J.L., Si, X., Belden, A.C., Tandon, M., &, Spitznagel, E., (2009). Preschool depression: Homotypic continuity and course over 24 months. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 897-905.
41. Monroe, S.M., &, Harkness, K.L., (2005). Life stress, the "kindling" hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychological Review, 112, 417-445.
42. Monroe, S.M., &, Reid, M.W., (2008). Gene-environment interactions in depression research: Genetic polymorphisms and life-stress polyprocedures. Psychological Science, 19, 947-956.
43. Munafo, M.R., Durrant, C., Lewis, G., &, Flint, J., (2009). Gene × environment interactions at the serotonin transporter locus. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 211-219.
44. Pagliaccio, D., Luby, J., Gaffrey, M., Belden, A., Botteron, K., Gotlib, I.H., &, Barch, D.M., (2012). Anomalous functional brain activation following negative mood induction in children with pre-school onset major depression. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 256-267.
45. Pezawas, L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Drabant, E.M., Verchinski, B.A., Munoz, K.E., Kolachana, B.S.,... &, Weinberger, D.R., (2005). 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate-amygdala interactions: A genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 828-834.
46. Pluess, M., Belsky, J., Way, B.M., &, Taylor, S.E., (2010). 5-HTTLPR moderates effects of current life events on neuroticism: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 34, 1070-1074.
47. Post, R.M., (1992). Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 999-1010.
48. Risch, N., Herrell, R., Lehner, T., Liang, K.Y., Eaves, L., Hoh, J.,... &, Merikangas, K.R., (2009). Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 301, 2462-2471.
49. Roisman, G.I., Newman, D.A., Fraley, R.C., Haltigan, J.D., Groh, A.M., &, Haydon, K.C., (2012). Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: Recommendations for evaluating interaction effects. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 389-409.
50. Spinelli, S., Chefer, S., Carson, R.E., Jagoda, E., Lang, L., Heilig, M.,... &, Stein, E.A., (2010). Effects of early-life stress on serotonin(1A) receptors in juvenile Rhesus monkeys measured by positron emission tomography. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 1146-1153.
51. Stroud, C.B., Davila, J., &, Moyer, A., (2008). The relationship between stress and depression in first onsets versus recurrences: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 206-213.
52. Sullivan, P.F., Neale, M.C., &, Kendler, K.S., (2000). Genetic epidemiology of major depression: Review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1552-1562.
53. Tiemeier, H., Velders, F.P., Szekely, E., Roza, S.J., Dieleman, G., Jaddoe, V.W.,... &, Verhulst, F.C., (2012). The Generation R Study: A review of design, findings to date, and a study of the 5-HTTLPR by environmental interaction from fetal life onward. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 1119-1135.
54. Wendland, J.R., Martin, B.J., Kruse, M.R., Lesch, K.P., &, Murphy, D.L., (2006). Simultaneous genotyping of four functional loci of human SLC6A4, with a reappraisal of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 224-226.
55. Wichstrom, L., Berg-Nielsen, T.S., Angold, A., Egger, H.L., Solheim, E., &, Sveen, T.H., (2012). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 695-705.
56. Widaman, K.F., Helm, J.L., Castro-Schilo, L., Pluess, M., Stallings, M.C., &, Belsky, J., (2012). Distinguishing ordinal and disordinal interactions. Psychological Methods, 17, 615-622.
57. Zalsman, G., Huang, Y.Y., Oquendo, M.A., Burke, A.K., Hu, X.Z., Brent, D.A.,... &, Mann, J.J., (2006). Association of a triallelic serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism with stressful life events and severity of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1588-1593.
58. Zisook, S., Lesser, I., Stewart, J.W., Wisniewski, S.R., Balasubramani, G.K., Fava, M.,... &, Rush, A.J., (2007). Effect of age at onset on the course of major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1539-1546.