Not all smokers die young: A model for hidden heterogeneity within the human population

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

  Levine, Morgan ^a   Crimmins, Eileen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LUNG FUNCTION; MALE; MORTALITY; PHENOTYPE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; SEX; SMOKING;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SMOKING; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84895751399     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087403     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Yin D, Chen K (2005) The essential mechanisms of aging: Irreparable damage accumulation of biochemical side-reactions. Exp Gerontology 40(6):455-65. (Pubitemid 40884498)
2. Finch CE (2010) Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Evolution of the human lifespan and diseases of aging: roles of infection, inflammation and nutrition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(1):1718-24.
3. Lee HC, Wei YH (2012) Mitochondria and aging. Adv Exp Med Biol 942:311-27.
4. Del Turco S, Basta G (2012) An update on advanced glycation endproducts and atherosclerosis. Biofactors 38(4):266-74.
5. Valavanidis A, Vlachogianni T, Fiotakis K (2009) Tobacco smoke: involvement of reactive oxygen species and stable free radicals in mechanisms of oxidative damage, carcinogenesis and synergergistic effects with other respirable particles. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6(2):445-62.
6. Nicholl ID, Bucala R (1998) Advanced glycation endproducts and cigarette smoking. Cell Mol Biol 44(7):1025-33.
7. Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP, Kimura M, Oelsner E, et al. (2005) Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. The Lancet 366(9486):20-26.
8. Csiszar A, Podlutsky A, Wolin MS, Losonczy G, Pacher P, et al. (2009) Oxidative Stress and accelerated vascular aging: implications for cigarette smoking. Front Biosci 14:3128-3144.
9. Harman D (1956) Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 11(3):298-300.
10. Finch CE, Morgan TE, Longo VD, de Magalhaes JP (2010) Cell resilience in species life spans: a link to inflammation? Aging Cell 9(4):519-26.
11. Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Manzella D, Grella R, Ragno E, et al. (2003) Glucose regulation and oxidative stress in healthy centenarians. Exp Gerontology 38(1-2):137-43. (Pubitemid 36113262)
12. Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M, et al. (2000) Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 908:244-254. (Pubitemid 30462008)
13. Franceschi C, Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Cardelli M, Cavallone L, et al. (2005) Genes involved in immune response/inflammation, IGF1/insulin pathway and response to oxidative stress play a major role in the genetics of human longevity: The lesson of centenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 126:351-361. (Pubitemid 40038357)
14. Barzilai N, Gabriely I, Gabriely M, Iankowitz N, Sorkin JD (2010) Offspring of centenarians have a favorable lipid profile J. Am. Geriatr. Soc 49:1-4
15. Barter PJ, Nicholls S, Rye KA, et al (2004) Antiinflammatory properties of HDL. Circ Res 95(8):764-72. (Pubitemid 39390578)
16. Rahilly-Tierney C, Sesso HD, Michael Gaziano J, Djoussé L (2012) High-Density Lipoprotein and mortality before age 90 in male physicians. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 5:381-6.
17. Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, Feinleib M (1978) Cigarette smoking and HDL cholesterol: the Framingham offspring study. Atherosclerosis 30(1):17-25. (Pubitemid 8341515)
18. Yashin A, Manton KG, Vaupel JW (1985) Mortality and aging in a heterogeneous population: A stochastic process model with observed and unobserved variables. Theor Popul Biol 27(2):154-75.
19. Vaupel JW, Yashin A (1985). Heterogeneity's Ruses: Some Surprising Effects of Selection on Population Dynamics. The American Statistician 39(3):176-185.
20. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2001). National Center for Health Statistics. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, NHANES III. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
21. Pirie K, Peto R, Reeves GK, Green J, Beral V, et al. (2012) The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet. 381(9861)113-41.
22. Santos S, Rooke TW, Bailey KR, McConnell JP, Kullo IJ (2004) Relation of markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2) to the ankle-brachial index. Vasc Med 9(3):171-6. (Pubitemid 40124080)
23. Gan WQ, Man SF, Sin DD (2005) The interaction between cigarette smoking and reduced lung function on systemic inflammation. Chest 127(2):558-64. (Pubitemid 40229317)
24. Watson J, Round A, Hamilton W (2012) Raised inflammatory markers. BMJ 334:e454.
25. Flouris AD, Poulianiti KP, Chorti MS (2012) Effects of electronic cigarette and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count. Food Chem Toxicol 50(10):3600-3.
26. Smith MR, Kinmonth AL, Luben RN, Bingham S, Day NE, et al. (2003) Smoking status and differential white cell count in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk population. Atherosclerosis 169(2):331-7. (Pubitemid 37297481)
27. Conen D (2013) Inflammation, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: heading east. Journal of Human Hypertension 27(2):71
28. Lu H, Ouyang W, Huang C (2006) Inflammation, a key event in cancer development. Mol Cancer Res 4(4):221-33.
29. King GL (2008) The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications. J Periodontol 79(8):1527-34.
30. Brown GC, Neher JJ (2010) Inflammatory neurogeneration and mechanisms of microglial killing of neurons. Mol Neurobiol 41(2-3):242-7.
31. O'Donnell R, Breen D, Wilson S, et al (2006) Inflammatory cells in the airways in COPD. Thorax 61(5):448-54. (Pubitemid 43723331)
32. Erhardt L (2009) Cigarette smoking: An undertreated risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 205(1):23-32.
33. Anthonisen NR, Conneyy JE, Kiley JP (1994) Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA 272(19):1497-505.
34. McGrowder D, Riley C, Morrison E, Gordon L (2011) The role of High-Density Lipoproteins in reducing the risk of vascular diseases, neurogenerative disorders, and cancer. Cholesterol 496925. Doi:10.1155/2011/ 496925
35. Barter PJ (2013) High Density Lipoprotein: A Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 28(3):169-77.
36. Walter M (2009) Interrelationships among HDL metabolism, aging, and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29(9):1244-50.
37. Vaz Fragoso CA, Enright PL, McAbay G, Van Ness PH, Gill TM (2012) Frailty and respiratory impairment in older persons. Am J Med 125(1):79-86.
38. Hubbard RE, O'Mahony MS, Woodhouse KW (2009) Characterizing frailty in the clinical setting - a comparison of different approaches. Age Ageing 38(1):115-9.
39. El-Gohary A, Alshamrani A, Naif Al-Otaibi A (2013) The generalized Gompertz distribution. Applied Mathematical Modeling 37(1-2): 13-24.
40. Vasto S, Candore G, Balistreri CR (2007) Inflammatory networks in ageing, age-related diseases and longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 128(1):83-91. (Pubitemid 46073064)
41. Balistreri CR, Candore G, Colonna-Romano G, Lio D, Caruso M, et al. (2004) Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in acute myocardial infarction and longevity. JAMA 292:2339-2340 (Pubitemid 39491917)
42. Papafili A, Hill MR, Brull DJ, McAnulty RJ, Marshall RP, et al. (2002) Common promoter variant in cyclooxygenase-2 represses gene expression: evidence of role in acute-phase inflammatory response. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol 22:1631-1636
43. Puri BK, Treasaden IH, Cocchi M, Tsaluchidu S, Tonello L, et al. (2008) A comparison of oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers: an in vivo human quantitative study of n-3 lipid peroxidation. BMC Psychiatry 8(1):S4.
44. Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Colombo R, Giustarini D, Milzani A (2006) Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem 52(4):601-23.
45. Rahman I, Marwick J, Kirkham P (2004) Redox modulation of chromatin remodeling: impact on histone acetylation and deacetylation, NF-κB and proinflammatory gene expression. Biochem Pharmacol 68(6):1255-67. (Pubitemid 39094292)
46. Rahman I (2003) Oxidative stress, chromatin remodeling and gene transcription in inflammation and chronic lung disease. J Biochem Mol Biol 36(1):95-109.
47. Vermeulen CJ, Loeschcke V (2007) Longevity and the stress response in Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 42: 153-159. (Pubitemid 46109562)
48. Vanfleteren JR (1993) Oxidative stress and ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem J 292(2): 605-608.
49. Kurz CL, Tan MW (2004) Regulation of aging and innate immunity in C. elegans. Aging Cell 3: 185-193. (Pubitemid 40246683)
50. Brown-Borg HM (2007) Hormonal regulation of longevity in mammals. Ageing Res Rev 6: 28-45.
51. Longo VD, Liou LL, Valentine JS, Gralla EB (1999) Mitochondrial superoxide decreases yeast survival in stationary phase. Arch Biochem Biophys 365:131-142. (Pubitemid 29394258)
52. Longo VD, Gralla EB, Valentine JS (1996) Superoxide dismutase activity is essential for stationary phase survival in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondrial production of toxic oxygen species in vivo. J Biol Chem 271:12275-12280. (Pubitemid 26160890)
53. Wawryn J, Krzepiłko A, Myszka A, Biliński T (1999) Deficiency in superoxide dismutases shortens life span of yeast cells. Acta Biochim Pol 46:249-253.
54. Unlu ES, Koc A (2007) Effects of deleting mitochondrial antioxidant genes on life span. Ann.N.Y. Acad.Sci. 2007; 1100:505-509. (Pubitemid 47092689)
55. Phillips JP, Campbell SD, Michaud D, Charbonneau M, Hilliker AJ (1989) Null mutation of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in Drosophila confers hypersensitivity to paraquat and reduced longevity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86:2761-2765. (Pubitemid 19112621)
56. Kirby K, Hu J, Hilliker AJ, Phillips JP (2002) RNA interference-mediated silencing of Sod2 inDrosophila leads to early adult-onset mortality and elevated endogenous oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:16162-16167. (Pubitemid 35462766)
57. Duttaroy A, Paul A, Kundu M, Belton A (2003) A Sod2 null mutation confers severely reduced adult life span in Drosophila. Genetics 165:2295-2299. (Pubitemid 38040309)
58. Elchuri S, Oberley TD, Qi W, Eisenstein RS, Jackson Roberts L, et al et al (2005) CuZnSOD deficiency leads to persistent and widespread oxidative damage and hepatocarcinogenesis later in life. Oncogene 24:367-380. (Pubitemid 40188585)
59. Li Y, Huang TT, Carlson EJ, Melov S, Ursell PC, et al. (1995) Dilated cardiomyopathy and neonatal lethality in mutant mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase. Nat Genet 11:376-381.
60. Lebovitz RM, Zhang H, Vogel H, Cartwright J Jr, Dionne L, et al. (1996) Neurodegeneration, myocardial injury, and perinatal death in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:9782-9787. (Pubitemid 26296686)
61. Herskind AM, McGue M, Holm NV, Sørensen TI, Harvald B, et al. (1996) The heritability of human longevity: a population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs born 1870-1900.Hum. Genet 97: 319-323. (Pubitemid 26057031)
62. Lithgow GJ, Andersen JK (2000) The real Dorian Gray mouse. Bioessays 22(5):410-3. (Pubitemid 30308266)
63. Kenyon C (2005) The Plasticity of Aging: Insights from Long-Lived Mutants. Cell 120:449-60.
64. Lin YJ, Seroude L, Benzer S (1998) Extended life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant Methuselah. Science 282(5390):943-6. (Pubitemid 28507527)