Towards a framework of interactions in a blended synchronous learning environment: what effects are there on students' social presence experience?

Interactive Learning Environments

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 487-503

  Szeto, Elson ^a   Cheng, Annie Y N ^a  

^a THE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

blended synchronous learning; face to face teaching; interactions; online learning; social presence; virtual environment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894092333     PISSN: 10494820     EISSN: 17445191     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2014.881391     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Z.Akyol,, J.B.Arbaugh,, M.Cleveland-Innes,, D.R.Garrison,, P.Ice,, & J.C.Richardson,, K.Swan, (2009). A response to the review of the community of inquiry framework. Journal of Distance Education, 23(2), 123–136.
2. Z.Akyol,, & D.R.Garrison, (2011). Understanding cognitive presence in an online and blended community of inquiry: Assessing outcomes and processes for deep approaches to learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(2), 233–250. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01029.x
3. M.Bassey, (1990). On the nature of research in education (part 2). Research Intelligence, 37(Summer), 39–44.
4. M.B.Bianco,, & A.A.Carr-Chellman, (2007). Exploring qualitative methodologies in online learning environments. In R.Luppicini (Ed.), Online learning community (pp. 299–317). Charlotte, NC: IAP.
5. C.J.Bonk,, & C.R.Graham, (Eds.). (2006). The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
6. N.-S.Chen,, H.-C.Ko,, Kinshuk, & T.Lin, (2005). A model for synchronous learning using the Internet. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 42(2), 181–194. doi: 10.1080/14703290500062599
7. S.C.Cobb, (2009). Social presence and online learning: A current view from a research perspective. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 8(3), 241–254.
8. J.Cohen, (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46. doi: 10.1177/001316446002000104
9. D.R.Garrison,, & T.Anderson, (2003). E-learning in the 21st century. London: RoutedgeFalmer.
10. D.R.Garrison,, T.Anderson,, & W.Archer, (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2–3), 87–105. doi: 10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
11. D.R.Garrison,, & M.Cleveland-Innes, (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough. The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 133–148. doi: 10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_2
12. D.R.Garrison,, & N.D.Vaughan, (2008). Blended learning in higher education: Framework, principles, and guidelines. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
13. E.Gregori,, E.Torras,, & T.Guasch, (2012). Cognitive attainment in online learning environments: Matching cognitive and technological presence. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(5), 467–483. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2010.531026
14. C.N.Gunawardena, (1995). Social presence theory and implications for interaction and collaborative learning in computer conferences. International Journal of Education Telecommunications, 1(2/3), 147–166.
15. C.N.Gunawardena,, & F.J.Zittle, (1997). Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction with a computer-mediated conferencing environment. American Journal of Distance Education, 11, 8–26. doi: 10.1080/08923649709526970
16. M.Hastie,, I.-C.Hung,, N.-S.Chen,, & Kinshuk. (2010). A blended synchronous learning model for educational international collaboration. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 47(1), 9–24. doi: 10.1080/14703290903525812
17. K.Kreijns,, P.A.Kirschner,, & W.Jochems, (2003). Identifying the pitfalls for social interaction in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: A review of the research. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(3), 335–353. doi: 10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00057-2
18. K.Kreijns,, P.A.Kirschner,, & W.Jochems, (2011). Measuring perceived social presence in distributed learning groups. Education Information Technology, 16(4), 365–381. doi: 10.1007/s10639-010-9135-7
19. T.Lawson,, C.Comber,, J.Gage,, & A.Cullum-Hanshaw, (2010). Images of the future for education? Videoconferencing: A literature review. Technology, Pedagogy, and Education, 19(3), 295–314. doi: 10.1080/1475939X.2010.513761
20. A.Littlejohn, (2007). Preparing for blended e-learning (C. Pegler, Trans.). London: Routledge.
21. J.M.McInnerney,, & T.S.Roberts, (2004). Online learning: Social interaction and creation of a sense of community. Education Technology and Society, 7(3), 73–81.
22. M.G.Moore, (1989). Three types of interaction. The American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1–6. doi: 10.1080/08923648909526659
23. D.J.Nicol,, I.Minty,, & C.Sinclair, (2003). The social dimensions of online learning. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 40(3), 270–280. doi: 10.1080/1470329032000103807
24. L.Paakkari,, P.Tynjälä,, & L.Kannas, (2010). Student teachers’ ways of experiencing the teaching of health education. Studies in Higher Education, 35(8), 905–920. doi: 10.1080/03075070903383229
25. Y.J.Park,, & C.J.Bonk, (2007). Synchronous learning experiences: Distance and residential learners’ perspectives in a blended graduate course. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 6(3), 245–264.
26. A.G.Picciano,, C.Dziuban,, & P.Alfred, (Eds.). (2007). Blended learning: Research perspectives. Needham, MA: The Sloan Consortium.
27. G.Ravenna,, C.Foster,, & C.Bishop, (2012). Increasing student interaction online: A review of the literature. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 20(2), 177–203.
28. J.Short,, E.Williams,, & B.Christie, (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. London: John Wiley & Sons.
29. R.Smyth, (2011). Enhancing learner–learner interaction using video communications in higher education: Implications from theorising about a new model. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(1), 113–127. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00990.x
30. K.Swan, (2004). Relationships between interactions and learning in online environment. Retrieved April 2011, from The Sloam Consortium http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/books/pdf/interactions.pdf
31. Szeto, E. (2011). Transforming learning and teaching in higher education: The impact of ICT on pedagogy, peer interaction and support in a networked virtual learning environment. The International Journal of Learning, 17(11), 205–214
32. Szeto, E. (2013a). Extending the community of inquiry framework as an instructional approach: A study of educational experiences in blended synchronous learning. The Internet and Higher Education. Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.11.002
33. Szeto, E. (2013b). Extending the community of inquiry framework to designing a synchronous online instructional approach in a Chinese university context. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Education Research Association 2013, San Francisco, USA
34. C.H.Tu,, & M.McIsaac, (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes. The American Journal of Distance Education, 16(3), 131–150. doi: 10.1207/S15389286AJDE1603_2
35. M.Weinel,, M.Bannert,, J.Zumbach,, H.U.Hoppe,, & N.Malzahn, (2011). A closer look on social presence as a causing factor in computer-mediated collaboration. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 513–521. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2010.09.020
36. E.Wenger, (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Y.Woo,, & T.C.Reeves, (2007). Meaningful interaction in web-based learning: A social constructivist interpretation. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(1), 15–25. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.10.005
38. R.H.Woods,, & J.D.Baker, (2004). Interaction and immediacy in online learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2). Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/viewArticle/186/268
39. M.Yamada, (2009). The role of social presence in learner-centred communicative language learning using synchronous computer-mediated communication: Experimental study. Computers & Education, 52(4), 820–833. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2008.12.007
40. R.K.Yin, (2003). Case study design, research and methods (3rd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.