CMOS tunable-wavelength multi-color photogate sensor

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 805-819

  Ho, Derek ^a   Noor, M Omair ^a   Krull, Ulrich J ^a   Gulak, Glenn ^a   Genov, Roman ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

CMOS image sensor; contact imaging; fluorescence; microsystem; quantum dots; spectral multiplexing

Indexed keywords

CMOS IMAGE SENSOR; CONTACT IMAGING; DIGITAL CMOS TECHNOLOGY; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; MULTIPLE EMISSION BANDS; PEAK SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; SPECTRAL-MULTIPLEXING;

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; COLORIMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; MICROSYSTEMS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SENSORS;

COLOR;

FLUORESCENT DYE; QUANTUM DOT;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; IMAGE PROCESSING; SEMICONDUCTOR; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SPECTROFLUOROMETRY;

EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FLUORESCENT DYES; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; SPECTROMETRY, FLUORESCENCE;

EID: 84893841847     PISSN: 19324545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2243727     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. H. Eltoukhy, K. Salama, and A. Gamal, "A 0.18-CMOS bioluminescence detection lab-on-chip," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 651-662, Mar. 2006.
2. M. Noor and U. Krull, "Microfluidics for the deposition of density gradients of immobilized oligonucleotide probes; Developing surfaces that offer spatial control of the stringency ofDNAhybridization," Anal. Chim. Acta., vol. 708, no. 1-2, pp. 1-10, Dec. 2011.
3. X. Gao, Y. Cui, R. Levenson, L. Chung, and S. Nie, "In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots," Nature Biotechnol., vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 970-976, 2004.
4. O. Tigli, L. Bivona, P. Berg, andM. Zaghloul, "Fabrication and characterization of a surface-acoustic-wave biosensor in CMOS technology for cancer biomarker detection," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 62-73, Feb. 2010.
5. R. Singh, D. Ho,A.Nilchi, G. Gulak, P. Yau, andR.Genov, "ACMOS/Thin-film fluorescence contact imaging microsystem for DNA analysis," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1029-1038, May 2010.
6. M. Schena, D. Shalon, R. Davis, and P. Brown, "Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray," Science, vol. 270, no. 5235, pp. 467-470, Oct. 1995.
7. W. Algar and U. Krull, "Developing mixed films of immobilized oligonucleotides and quantum dots for the multiplexed detection of nucleic acid hybridization using a combination of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and direct excitation of fluorescence," Langmuir, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 6041-6047, Apr. 2010.
8. M. Bruchez, M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, and A. Alivisatos, "Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels," Science, vol. 281, no. 5385, pp. 2013-2016, 1998. (Pubitemid 28475485)
9. D. Figeys and D. Pinto, "Lab-on-a-Chip: A revolution in biological and medical sciences," Anal. Chem., vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 330-335, May 2000.
10. B. Kuswandi, Nuriman, J. Huskens, and W. Verboom, "Optical sensing systems for microfluidic devices: A review," Anal. Chim. Acta., vol. 601, no. 2, pp. 141-155, Oct. 2007. (Pubitemid 47505229)
11. R. Mazurczyka, J. Vieillarda, A. Bouchardb, B. Hannesa, and S. Krawczyka, "A novel concept of the integrated fluorescence detection system and its application in a lab-on-a-chip microdevice," Sens. Actuators B, Chem., vol. 118, no. 1-2, pp. 11-19, Oct. 2006.
12. X. Fang, V. Hsiao, V. Chodavarapu, A. Titus, and A. Cartwright, "Colorimetric porous photonic bandgap sensors with integrated CMOS color detectors," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 661-667, Jun. 2006.
13. Y. Maruyama, K. Sawada, H. Takao, and M. Ishida, "A novel filterless fluorescence detection sensor for DNA analysis," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 553-558, Mar. 2006. (Pubitemid 43280610)
14. A. Tavares, M. Noor, C. Vannoy, W. Algar, and U. Krull, "On-chip transduction of nucleic acid hybridization using spatial profiles of immobilized quantum dots and fluorescence resonance energy transfer," Anal. Chem., vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 312-319, Jan. 2012.
15. S. Kong, D. Wijngaards, and R. Wolffenbuttel, "Infrared micro-spectrometer based on a diffraction grating," Sens. Actuators A, Phys., no. 92, pp. 88-95, 2001. (Pubitemid 32697882)
16. J. Correia, G. Graaf, M. Bartek, and R. Wolffenbuttel, "A single-chip CMOS optical microspectrometer with light-to-frequency converter and bus interface," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1344-1347, Oct. 2002. (Pubitemid 35241925)
17. R. Berner and T. Delbruck, "Event-based pixel sensitive to change of color and brightness," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1581-1590, Jul. 2010.
18. R. Berner and T. Delbruck, "Event-based color change pixel in standard CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, May 2010, pp. 349-352.
19. D. Fasnacht and T. Delbruck, "Dichromatic spectral measurement circuit in vanilla CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, May 2007, pp. 3091-3094. (Pubitemid 47449202)
20. X. Zhao, F. Boussaid, and A. Bermak, "Characterization of a 0.18 CMOS color processing scheme for skin detection," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 1471-1474, Nov. 2007. (Pubitemid 47483063)
21. Z. Fu and A. Titus, "CMOS neuromorphic optical sensor chip with color change-intensity change disambiguation (CCICD)," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 689-696, Jun. 2009.
22. S. Kim, J. Kim, B. Kang, and L. K. , "A CMOS image sensor based on unified pixel architecture with time-division multiplexing scheme for color and depth imaging acquisition," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2834-2845, Nov. 2012.
23. H. Ishii, Y. Maruyama, H. Takao,M. Ishida, and K. Sawada, "Improvement in filter-less fluorescence sensor capability by optimization of potential distribution," in Proc. 4th Asia-Pacific Conf. Transducers and Micro-Nano Tech., Jun. 2008, pp. 68-71.
24. N. Nelson, D. Sander, M. Dandin, S. Prakash, A. Sarje, and P. Abshire, "Handheld fluorometers for lab-on-a-chip applications," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 97-107, Apr. 2009.
25. T.Huang, S. Sorgenfrei, P. Gong, R. Levicky, and K. Shepard, "A 0.18-CMOS array sensor for integrated time-resolved fluorescence detection," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1644-1654, May 2009.
26. S. Mendis, S. Kemeny, R. Gee, B. Pain, C. Staller, Q. Kim, and E. Fossum, "CMOS active pixel image sensors for highly integrated imaging systems," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 187-197, Feb. 1997.
27. D. Ho,G.Gulak, and R.Genov, "CMOS field-modulated color sensor," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuit Conf., Sep. 2011.
28. S. Dimitrijev, Principles of Semiconductor Devices, 1st ed. London, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006.
29. H. Wong, "Technology and device scaling considerations for CMOS imagers," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2131-2142, Dec. 1996. (Pubitemid 126775626)
30. W. Lane and G. Wrixon, "The design of thin-film polysilicon resistors for analog IC applications," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 738-744, Apr. 1989.
31. R. Murali and J. Meindl, "Modeling the effect of source/drain junction depth on bulk-MOSFET scaling," Solid State Electron., vol. 51, pp. 823-827, May 2007. (Pubitemid 46962556)
32. Z. Q. Li and Z. M. Li, "Comprehensive modeling of superluminescent light-emitting diodes," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 454-461, Apr. 2010.
33. K. Murari, R. Cummings, N. Thakor, and G. Gauwenberghs, "A CMOS in-pixel CTIA high-sensitivity fluorescence imager," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 449-458, Oct. 2011.
34. K. Loo, Y. Lai, S. Tan, and C. Tse, "On the color stability of phosphor-converted white LEDs under DC, PWM, and bilevel drive," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 974-984, Feb. 2012.
35. A. Tavares, M. Noor, W. Algar, C. Vannoy, L. , and U. Krull, "Toward an on-chip multiplexed nucleic acid hybridization assay using immobilized quantum dot-oligonucleotide conjugates and fluorescence resonance energy transfer," Proc. SPIE, Colloidal Quantum Dots/Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications, vol. 7909, no. 79090X, Jan 2011.
36. P. Li, "An adaptive binning color model for mean shift tracking," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1293-1299, Sep. 2008.
37. R. Yotter and D.Wilson, "A review of photodetectors for sensing lightemitting reporters in biological systems," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 288-303, Jun. 2003.
38. Y. Matsuya, K. Uchimura, A. Iwata, T. Kobayashi, M. Ishikawa, and T. Yoshitome, "A 16-bit oversampling A-to-D conversion technology using triple-integration noise shaping," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 921-929, Dec. 1987.
39. S. Kavadias, B. Dierickx, D. Scheffer, A. Alaerts, D. Uwaerts, and J. Bogaerts, "A logarithmic response CMOS image sensor with on-chip calibration," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1146-1152, Aug. 2000.