메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 671-695

Race, ethnicity, and nonverbal behavior

Author keywords

Attribution; Culture; Implicit bias; Intergroup interaction; Nonverbal behavior; Oppression hypothesis; Power; Prejudice; Social identity; Status

Indexed keywords


EID: 84893593963     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (8)

References (130)
  • 2
    • 54949102337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing race and seeming racist? Evaluating strategic colorblindness in social interaction
    • Apfelbaum, E. P., S. R. Sommers, and M. I. Norton 2008. Seeing race and seeming racist? Evaluating strategic colorblindness in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95: 918-932.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 918-932
    • Apfelbaum, E.P.1    Sommers, S.R.2    Norton, M.I.3
  • 3
    • 72249109552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It doesn't have to be uncomfortable: The role of behavioral scripts in interracial interactions
    • Avery, D. R., J. A. Richeson, M. Hebl, and N. Ambady 2009. It doesn't have to be uncomfortable: The role of behavioral scripts in interracial interactions. Journal of Applied Psychology 94: 1382-1393.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 1382-1393
    • Avery, D.R.1    Richeson, J.A.2    Hebl, M.3    Ambady, N.4
  • 4
    • 79960725089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing matters: Contextual influences on interracial interaction outcomes
    • Babbitt, L. G. and S. R. Sommers 2011. Framing matters: Contextual influences on interracial interaction outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37: 1233-1244.
    • (2011) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.37 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Babbitt, L.G.1    Sommers, S.R.2
  • 5
    • 79959246816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability to decode nonverbal information in African American, African, and Afro-Caribbean and European American adults
    • Bailey, W., S. Nowicki, and S. P. Cole 1998. The ability to decode nonverbal information in African American, African, and Afro-Caribbean and European American adults. Journal of Black Psychology 24: 418-431.
    • (1998) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 418-431
    • Bailey, W.1    Nowicki, S.2    Cole, S.P.3
  • 6
    • 0003028714 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Expectation states theory
    • J. Berger and M. Zelditch, Jr. (eds.), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
    • Berger, J., D. G. Wagner, and M. Zelditch 1985. Introduction: Expectation states theory. In: J. Berger and M. Zelditch, Jr. (eds.), Status, Rewards, and Influence, 1-71. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1985) Status, Rewards, and Influence , pp. 1-71
    • Berger, J.1    Wagner, D.G.2    Zelditch, M.3
  • 8
    • 84986348010 scopus 로고
    • Perceived similarity in interracial attitudes and behaviors: Effects of belief and dialect style
    • Bishop, G. D. 1979. Perceived similarity in interracial attitudes and behaviors: Effects of belief and dialect style. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 9: 446-465.
    • (1979) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 446-465
    • Bishop, G.D.1
  • 10
    • 84949768269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal expressions of dominance and power in human relationships
    • V. Manusov and M. L. Patterson (eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Burgoon, J. K. and N. E. Dunbar 2006. Nonverbal expressions of dominance and power in human relationships. In: V. Manusov and M. L. Patterson (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication, 279-298. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2006) The Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication , pp. 279-298
    • Burgoon, J.K.1    Dunbar, N.E.2
  • 11
    • 53149133964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning social attitudes: Children's sensitivity to the nonverbal behaviors of adult models during interracial interactions
    • Castelli, L., C. de Dea, and D. Nesdale 2008. Learning social attitudes: Children's sensitivity to the nonverbal behaviors of adult models during interracial interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34: 1504-1513.
    • (2008) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.34 , pp. 1504-1513
    • Castelli, L.1    de Dea, C.2    Nesdale, D.3
  • 12
    • 0347713732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of examinee and patient ethnicity in clinical-skills assessment with standardized patients
    • Colliver, J. A., M. H. Swartz, and R. S. Robbs 2001. The effect of examinee and patient ethnicity in clinical-skills assessment with standardized patients. Advances in Health Sciences Education 6: 5-13.
    • (2001) Advances in Health Sciences Education , vol.6 , pp. 5-13
    • Colliver, J.A.1    Swartz, M.H.2    Robbs, R.S.3
  • 13
    • 84861936365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The associations of clinicians' implicit attitudes about race with medical visit communication and patient ratings of interpersonal care
    • (in press)
    • Cooper, L. A., D. L. Roter, K. A. Carson, M. C. Beach, J. A. Sabin, A. G. Greenwald, and T. S. Inui 2012. The associations of clinicians' implicit attitudes about race with medical visit communication and patient ratings of interpersonal care. American Journal of Public Health (in press).
    • (2012) American Journal of Public Health
    • Cooper, L.A.1    Roter, D.L.2    Carson, K.A.3    Beach, M.C.4    Sabin, J.A.5    Greenwald, A.G.6    Inui, T.S.7
  • 15
    • 85125889649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectation states theory
    • J. Delamater (ed.), New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
    • Correll, S. J. and C. L. Ridgeway 2003. Expectation states theory. In: J. Delamater (ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology, 29-51. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
    • (2003) Handbook of Social Psychology , pp. 29-51
    • Correll, S.J.1    Ridgeway, C.L.2
  • 16
    • 0001750599 scopus 로고
    • Recent unobtrusive studies of black and white discrimination and prejudice: A literature review
    • Crosby, F., S. Bromley, and L. Saxe 1980. Recent unobtrusive studies of black and white discrimination and prejudice: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin 87: 546-563.
    • (1980) Psychological Bulletin , vol.87 , pp. 546-563
    • Crosby, F.1    Bromley, S.2    Saxe, L.3
  • 17
    • 0033245628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belief in U.S. government conspiracies against Blacks among Black and White college students: Powerlessness or system blame?
    • Crocker, J., R. Luhtanen, S. Broadnax, and B. E. Blaine 1999. Belief in U.S. government conspiracies against Blacks among Black and White college students: Powerlessness or system blame? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25: 941-953.
    • (1999) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.25 , pp. 941-953
    • Crocker, J.1    Luhtanen, R.2    Broadnax, S.3    Blaine, B.E.4
  • 18
    • 33747160780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From automatic anti-gay prejudice to behavior: The moderating role of conscious beliefs about gender and behavioral control
    • Dasgupta, N. and L. M. Rivera 2006. From automatic anti-gay prejudice to behavior: The moderating role of conscious beliefs about gender and behavioral control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91: 268-280.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 268-280
    • Dasgupta, N.1    Rivera, L.M.2
  • 19
    • 0002041128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rocky road to positive intergroup relations
    • J. L. Eberhardt and S. T. Fiske (eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Devine, P. G. and K. A. Vasquez 1998. The rocky road to positive intergroup relations. In: J. L. Eberhardt and S. T. Fiske (eds.), Confronting Racism: The Problem and the Response, 234-262. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1998) Confronting Racism: The Problem and the Response , pp. 234-262
    • Devine, P.G.1    Vasquez, K.A.2
  • 20
    • 0003987348 scopus 로고
    • Visual dominance behavior in humans
    • S. L. Ellyson and J. F. Dovidio (eds.), New York: SpringerVerlag
    • Dovidio, J. F. and S. L. Ellyson 1985. Visual dominance behavior in humans. In: S. L. Ellyson and J. F. Dovidio (eds.), Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior, 129-149. New York: SpringerVerlag.
    • (1985) Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior , pp. 129-149
    • Dovidio, J.F.1    Ellyson, S.L.2
  • 24
    • 84949767090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup interaction
    • V. Manusov and M. L. Patterson (eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Dovidio, J. F., M. Hebl, J. A. Richeson, and J. N. Shelton 2006. Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup interaction. In: V. Manusov and M. L. Patterson (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication, 481-500. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2006) The Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication , pp. 481-500
    • Dovidio, J.F.1    Hebl, M.2    Richeson, J.A.3    Shelton, J.N.4
  • 25
    • 0001606524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit attitudes: Examination of the relationship between measures of intergroup bias
    • R. Brown and S. L. Gaertner (eds.), Oxford, UK: Blackwell
    • Dovidio, J. F., K. Kawakami, and K. Beach 2001. Implicit and explicit attitudes: Examination of the relationship between measures of intergroup bias. In: R. Brown and S. L. Gaertner (eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 4: Intergroup relations, 175-197. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
    • (2001) Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 4: Intergroup relations , pp. 175-197
    • Dovidio, J.F.1    Kawakami, K.2    Beach, K.3
  • 30
    • 85047670899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis
    • Elfenbein, H. A. and N. Ambady 2002. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 128: 203-235.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 203-235
    • Elfenbein, H.A.1    Ambady, N.2
  • 31
    • 0003987348 scopus 로고
    • Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior: Basic concepts and issues
    • S. L. Ellyson and J. F. Dovidio (eds.), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Ellyson, S. L. and J. F. Dovidio 1985. Power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior: Basic concepts and issues. In: S. L. Ellyson and J. F. Dovidio (eds.), Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior, 1-27. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1985) Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior , pp. 1-27
    • Ellyson, S.L.1    Dovidio, J.F.2
  • 32
    • 0029448299 scopus 로고
    • Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?
    • Fazio, R. H., J. R. Jackson, B. C. Dunton, and C. J. Williams 1995. Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69: 1013-1027.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 1013-1027
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Jackson, J.R.2    Dunton, B.C.3    Williams, C.J.4
  • 33
    • 0001877891 scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal behavior, race, and the classroom teacher
    • Feldman, R. S. 1985. Nonverbal behavior, race, and the classroom teacher. Theory Into Practice 24: 45-49.
    • (1985) Theory Into Practice , vol.24 , pp. 45-49
    • Feldman, R.S.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 85051130003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control, interdependence, and power: Understanding social cognition in its social context
    • In: W. Stroebe and M. Hewstone (eds.), Chicester, United Kingdom: Wiley
    • Fiske, S. T. and E. Dépret 1996. Control, interdependence, and power: Understanding social cognition in its social context. In: W. Stroebe and M. Hewstone (eds.), European Review of Social Psychology 7: 31-61. Chicester, United Kingdom: Wiley.
    • (1996) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 31-61
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Dépret, E.2
  • 36
    • 84980126241 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of space: An experimental study of Latin Americans and North Americans
    • Fortson, R. F. and C. U. Larson 1968. The dynamics of space: An experimental study of Latin Americans and North Americans. Journal of Communication 18: 109-116.
    • (1968) Journal of Communication , vol.18 , pp. 109-116
    • Fortson, R.F.1    Larson, C.U.2
  • 40
    • 0002125245 scopus 로고
    • The aversive form of racism
    • J. F. Dovidio and S. L. Gaertner (eds.), Orlando, FL: Academic Press
    • Gaertner, S. L. and J. F. Dovidio 1986. The aversive form of racism. In: J. F. Dovidio and S. L. Gaertner (eds.), Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, 61-89. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
    • (1986) Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism , pp. 61-89
    • Gaertner, S.L.1    Dovidio, J.F.2
  • 42
    • 84868928439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved August 30
    • Gallup Minority Rights and Relations Survey June 4- June 24, 2007. A downturn in black perceptions of racial harmony. Retrieved August 30, 2008, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/28072/Downturn-Black-Perceptions-Racial-Harmony.aspx.
    • (2007) A downturn in black perceptions of racial harmony
  • 44
  • 46
    • 85047673394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of power on perceived and objective group variability: Evidence that more powerful groups are more variable
    • Guinote, A., C. M. Judd, and M. Brauer 2002. Effects of power on perceived and objective group variability: Evidence that more powerful groups are more variable. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82: 708-721.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 708-721
    • Guinote, A.1    Judd, C.M.2    Brauer, M.3
  • 47
    • 0142096493 scopus 로고
    • Race, socioeconomic status, and nonverbal behavior
    • A. W. Siegman and S. Feldstein (eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Halberstadt, A. G. 1985. Race, socioeconomic status, and nonverbal behavior. In: A. W. Siegman and S. Feldstein (eds.), Multichannel Integrations of Nonverbal Behavior, 227-266. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1985) Multichannel Integrations of Nonverbal Behavior , pp. 227-266
    • Halberstadt, A.G.1
  • 49
    • 29644435746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis
    • Hall, J. A., E. J. Coats, and L. Smith LeBeau 2005. Nonverbal behavior and the vertical dimension of social relations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 131: 898-924.
    • (2005) Psychological Bulletin , vol.131 , pp. 898-924
    • Hall, J.A.1    Coats, E.J.2    Smith LeBeau, L.3
  • 50
    • 0031525363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Subordination" and nonverbal sensitivity: A study and synthesis of findings based on trait measures
    • Hall, J. A., A. G. Halberstadt, and C. O'Brien 1997. "Subordination" and nonverbal sensitivity: A study and synthesis of findings based on trait measures. Sex Roles 37: 295-317.
    • (1997) Sex Roles , vol.37 , pp. 295-317
    • Hall, J.A.1    Halberstadt, A.G.2    O'Brien, C.3
  • 53
    • 34247561312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test
    • Heider, J. D. and J. J. Skowronski 2007. Improving the predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test. North American Journal of Psychology 9: 53-76.
    • (2007) North American Journal of Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 53-76
    • Heider, J.D.1    Skowronski, J.J.2
  • 55
    • 39149124849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit attitudes and interracial interaction: The moderating role of situationally available control resources
    • Hofmann, W., T. Gschwendner, L. Castelli, and M. Schmitt 2008. Implicit and explicit attitudes and interracial interaction: The moderating role of situationally available control resources. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 11: 69-87.
    • (2008) Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , vol.11 , pp. 69-87
    • Hofmann, W.1    Gschwendner, T.2    Castelli, L.3    Schmitt, M.4
  • 56
    • 65649113251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that simpatico self-schema accounts for differences in the self-concepts and social behavior of Latinos versus Whites (and Blacks)
    • Holloway, R. A., A. M. Waldrip, and W. Ickes 2009. Evidence that simpatico self-schema accounts for differences in the self-concepts and social behavior of Latinos versus Whites (and Blacks). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96: 1012-1028.
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 1012-1028
    • Holloway, R.A.1    Waldrip, A.M.2    Ickes, W.3
  • 57
    • 78951486821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powerful postures versus powerful roles: Which is the proximate correlate of thought and behavior?
    • Huang, L., A. D. Galinsky, D. H. Gruenfeld, and L. E. Guillory 2011. Powerful postures versus powerful roles: Which is the proximate correlate of thought and behavior? Psychological Science 22: 95-102.
    • (2011) Psychological Science , vol.22 , pp. 95-102
    • Huang, L.1    Galinsky, A.D.2    Gruenfeld, D.H.3    Guillory, L.E.4
  • 58
    • 0348252256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facing prejudice: Implicit prejudice and the perception of facial threat
    • Hugenberg, K. and G. V. Bodenhausen 2003. Facing prejudice: Implicit prejudice and the perception of facial threat. Psychological Science 14: 640-643.
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 640-643
    • Hugenberg, K.1    Bodenhausen, G.V.2
  • 59
    • 2542571746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity in social categorization: The role of prejudice and facial affect in race categorization
    • Hugenberg, K. and G. V. Bodenhausen 2004. Ambiguity in social categorization: The role of prejudice and facial affect in race categorization. Psychological Science 15: 342-345.
    • (2004) Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 342-345
    • Hugenberg, K.1    Bodenhausen, G.V.2
  • 60
    • 9644262700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient race/ethnicity and quality of patient-physician communication during medical visits
    • Johnson, R. L., D. Roter, N. R. Powe, and L. A. Cooper 2004. Patient race/ethnicity and quality of patient-physician communication during medical visits. American Journal of Public Health 94: 2084-2090.
    • (2004) American Journal of Public Health , vol.94 , pp. 2084-2090
    • Johnson, R.L.1    Roter, D.2    Powe, N.R.3    Cooper, L.A.4
  • 61
    • 0011639731 scopus 로고
    • Racism: A cultural analysis of the problem
    • J. F. Dovidio and S. L. Gaertner (eds.), Orlando, FL: Academic Press
    • Jones, J. M. 1986. Racism: A cultural analysis of the problem. In: J. F. Dovidio and S. L. Gaertner (eds.), Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, 279-314. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
    • (1986) Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism , pp. 279-314
    • Jones, J.M.1
  • 62
    • 0034185662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation
    • Kawakami, K., J. F. Dovidio, J. Moll, S. Hermsen, and A. Russin 2000. Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78: 871-888.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 871-888
    • Kawakami, K.1    Dovidio, J.F.2    Moll, J.3    Hermsen, S.4    Russin, A.5
  • 63
    • 34547473607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Close) distance makes the heart grow fonder: Improving implicit racial attitudes and interracial interactions through approach behaviors
    • Kawakami, K., C. E. Phills, J. R. Steele, and J. F. Dovidio 2007. (Close) distance makes the heart grow fonder: Improving implicit racial attitudes and interracial interactions through approach behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92: 957-971.
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 957-971
    • Kawakami, K.1    Phills, C.E.2    Steele, J.R.3    Dovidio, J.F.4
  • 65
    • 0002982793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting by with a little help from our enemies: Collective paranoia and its role in intergroup relations
    • C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, and C. A. Insko (eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Kramer, R. M. and D. M. Messick 1998. Getting by with a little help from our enemies: Collective paranoia and its role in intergroup relations. In: C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, and C. A. Insko (eds.), Intergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behavior, 233-255. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1998) Intergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behavior , pp. 233-255
    • Kramer, R.M.1    Messick, D.M.2
  • 66
    • 79953294038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy
    • Kraus, M. K., S. Côté, and D. Keltner 2010. Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy. Psychological Science 21: 1716-1723.
    • (2010) Psychological Science , vol.21 , pp. 1716-1723
    • Kraus, M.K.1    Côté, S.2    Keltner, D.3
  • 67
    • 58149312787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signs of socioeconomic status: A thin-slicing approach
    • Kraus, M. K. and D. Keltner 2009. Signs of socioeconomic status: A thin-slicing approach. Psychological Science 20: 99-106.
    • (2009) Psychological Science , vol.20 , pp. 99-106
    • Kraus, M.K.1    Keltner, D.2
  • 68
    • 0002427570 scopus 로고
    • On oppressing hypotheses: Or differences in nonverbal sensitivity revisited
    • H. L. Radtke and H. J. Stam (eds.), London: Sage
    • LaFrance, M. and N. M. Henley 1994. On oppressing hypotheses: Or differences in nonverbal sensitivity revisited. In: H. L. Radtke and H. J. Stam (eds.), Power/Gender: Social Relations Theory and Practice, 287-311. London: Sage.
    • (1994) Power/Gender: Social Relations Theory and Practice , pp. 287-311
    • LaFrance, M.1    Henley, N.M.2
  • 69
    • 85047682939 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in gaze behavior during conversations: Two systematic observational studies
    • LaFrance, M. and C. Mayo 1976. Racial differences in gaze behavior during conversations: Two systematic observational studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33: 547-552.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 547-552
    • LaFrance, M.1    Mayo, C.2
  • 70
    • 84872471549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic cognitive processes and nonverbal communication
    • V. Manusov and M. L. Patterson (eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Lakin, J. L. 2006. Automatic cognitive processes and nonverbal communication. In: V. Manusov and M. L. Patterson (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication, 59-78. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2006) The Sage Handbook of Nonverbal Communication , pp. 59-78
    • Lakin, J.L.1
  • 71
    • 39049094723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expect the unexpected: Failure to anticipate similarities leads to an intergroup forecasting error
    • Mallet, R. K., T. D. Wilson, and D. T. Gilbert 2008. Expect the unexpected: Failure to anticipate similarities leads to an intergroup forecasting error. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94: 265-277.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 265-277
    • Mallet, R.K.1    Wilson, T.D.2    Gilbert, D.T.3
  • 72
    • 0035620560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiocentric and allocentric differences in emotional expression and experience
    • Matsumoto, D. and C. Kupperbusch 2001. Idiocentric and allocentric differences in emotional expression and experience. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 4: 113-131.
    • (2001) Asian Journal of Social Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 113-131
    • Matsumoto, D.1    Kupperbusch, C.2
  • 73
    • 0035188623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations among the Implicit Association Test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes
    • McConnell, A. R. and J. M. Leibold 2001. Relations among the Implicit Association Test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 37: 435-442.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 435-442
    • McConnell, A.R.1    Leibold, J.M.2
  • 75
    • 39049089567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How attributional ambiguity shapes physiological and emotional responses to social rejection and acceptance
    • Mendes, W. B., B. Major, S. McCoy, and J. Blascovich 2008. How attributional ambiguity shapes physiological and emotional responses to social rejection and acceptance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94: 278-291.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 278-291
    • Mendes, W.B.1    Major, B.2    McCoy, S.3    Blascovich, J.4
  • 76
    • 0000776382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensating for prejudice: How heavyweight people (and others) control outcomes despite prejudice
    • J. K. Swim and C. Stangor (eds.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Miller, C. T. and A. M. Myers 1998. Compensating for prejudice: How heavyweight people (and others) control outcomes despite prejudice. In: J. K. Swim and C. Stangor (eds.), Prejudice: The Target's Perspective, 191-218. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1998) Prejudice: The Target's Perspective , pp. 191-218
    • Miller, C.T.1    Myers, A.M.2
  • 77
    • 0002351188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some consequences of a belief in group essence: The category divide hypothesis
    • D. A. Miller and D. T. Miller (eds.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Miller, D. T. and D. A. Prentice 1999. Some consequences of a belief in group essence: The category divide hypothesis. In: D. A. Miller and D. T. Miller (eds.), Cultural Divides: Understanding and Resolving Group Conflict, 213-238. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1999) Cultural Divides: Understanding and Resolving Group Conflict , pp. 213-238
    • Miller, D.T.1    Prentice, D.A.2
  • 79
    • 34748872004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling threat: How situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings
    • Murphy, M. C., C. M. Steele, and J. J. Gross 2007. Signaling threat: How situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings. Psychological Science 18: 879-885.
    • (2007) Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 879-885
    • Murphy, M.C.1    Steele, C.M.2    Gross, J.J.3
  • 80
    • 33845319764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color blindness and interracial interaction: Playing the political correctness game
    • Norton, M. I., S. R. Sommers, E. P. Apfelbaum, N. Pura, and D. Ariely 2006. Color blindness and interracial interaction: Playing the political correctness game. Psychological Science 17: 949-953.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 949-953
    • Norton, M.I.1    Sommers, S.R.2    Apfelbaum, E.P.3    Pura, N.4    Ariely, D.5
  • 81
    • 21844495105 scopus 로고
    • A parallel process model of nonverbal communication
    • Patterson, M. L. 1995. A parallel process model of nonverbal communication. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 19: 3-29.
    • (1995) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 3-29
    • Patterson, M.L.1
  • 85
    • 0002057345 scopus 로고
    • Black-white communication: An assessment of research
    • M. E. Asante, E. Newmark, and C. A. Blake (eds.), Beverly Hills: Sage
    • Pennington, D. L. 1979. Black-white communication: An assessment of research. In: M. E. Asante, E. Newmark, and C. A. Blake (eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Communication, 383-402. Beverly Hills: Sage.
    • (1979) Handbook of Intercultural Communication , pp. 383-402
    • Pennington, D.L.1
  • 87
    • 7544225160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to interracial interactions over time
    • Plant, E. A. 2004. Responses to interracial interactions over time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30: 1458-1471.
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.30 , pp. 1458-1471
    • Plant, E.A.1
  • 88
    • 33646397563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The causes and consequences of an avoidance-focus for interracial interactions
    • Plant, E. A. and D. A. Butz 2006. The causes and consequences of an avoidance-focus for interracial interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32: 833-846.
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 833-846
    • Plant, E.A.1    Butz, D.A.2
  • 90
    • 0001236544 scopus 로고
    • Preschool children's self-presentations in situations with infants: Effects of race and sex
    • Reid, P. T., C. S. Tate, and P. W. Berman 1989. Preschool children's self-presentations in situations with infants: Effects of race and sex. Child Development 60: 710-714.
    • (1989) Child Development , vol.60 , pp. 710-714
    • Reid, P.T.1    Tate, C.S.2    Berman, P.W.3
  • 92
    • 0042278585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function
    • Richeson, J. and J. N. Shelton 2003. When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function. Psychological Science 14: 287-290.
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 287-290
    • Richeson, J.1    Shelton, J.N.2
  • 94
    • 84949810736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup dyadic interactions
    • J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, and V. M. Esses (eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Richeson, J. A. and J. N. Shelton 2010. Intergroup dyadic interactions. In: J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick, and V. M. Esses (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination, 276-293. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2010) The Sage Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination , pp. 276-293
    • Richeson, J.A.1    Shelton, J.N.2
  • 95
    • 22544459622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do interracial interactions impair executive function? A resource depletion account
    • Richeson, J. A. and S. Trawalter 2005. Why do interracial interactions impair executive function? A resource depletion account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88: 934-947.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 934-947
    • Richeson, J.A.1    Trawalter, S.2
  • 96
    • 0035205971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, status, and leadership
    • Ridgeway, C. L. 2001. Gender, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues 57: 637-655.
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 637-655
    • Ridgeway, C.L.1
  • 97
    • 84925918953 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of Black and White Americans to nonverbal cues of prejudice
    • Rollman, S. A. 1978. The sensitivity of Black and White Americans to nonverbal cues of prejudice. Journal of Social Psychology 105: 73-77.
    • (1978) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.105 , pp. 73-77
    • Rollman, S.A.1
  • 99
    • 70449467205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity: The phenomenon and its why and when
    • Schmid Mast, M., K. Jonas, and J. A. Hall 2009. Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity: The phenomenon and its why and when. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97: 835-850.
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 835-850
    • Schmid Mast, M.1    Jonas, K.2    Hall, J.A.3
  • 100
    • 66849093708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Shopping while Black": Examining racial discrimination in a retail setting
    • Schreer, G. E., S. Smith, and K. Thomas 2009. "Shopping while Black": Examining racial discrimination in a retail setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39: 1432-1444.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 1432-1444
    • Schreer, G.E.1    Smith, S.2    Thomas, K.3
  • 105
    • 38649139089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A needs-based model of reconciliation: Satisfying the differential emotional needs of victims and perpetrators as a key to promoting reconciliation
    • Shnabel, N. and A. Nadler 2008. A needs-based model of reconciliation: Satisfying the differential emotional needs of victims and perpetrators as a key to promoting reconciliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94: 116-132.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 116-132
    • Shnabel, N.1    Nadler, A.2
  • 106
    • 69149089473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting reconciliation through the satisfaction of the emotional needs of victimized and perpetrating group members: The Needs-Based Model of Reconciliation
    • Shnabel, N., A. Nadler, J. Ullrich, J. F. Dovidio, and D. Carmi 2009. Promoting reconciliation through the satisfaction of the emotional needs of victimized and perpetrating group members: The Needs-Based Model of Reconciliation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35: 1021-1030.
    • (2009) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 1021-1030
    • Shnabel, N.1    Nadler, A.2    Ullrich, J.3    Dovidio, J.F.4    Carmi, D.5
  • 108
    • 0002412934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical group relations, institutional terror, and the dynamics of the criminal justice system
    • J. L. Eberhardt and S T. Fiske (eds.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Sidanius, J., S. Levin, and F. Pratto 1998. Hierarchical group relations, institutional terror, and the dynamics of the criminal justice system. In: J. L. Eberhardt and S T. Fiske (eds.), Confronting Racism: The Problem and the Promise, 136-168. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1998) Confronting Racism: The Problem and the Promise , pp. 136-168
    • Sidanius, J.1    Levin, S.2    Pratto, F.3
  • 109
    • 84926273126 scopus 로고
    • Teachers' verbal and nonverbal communication patterns as a function of teacher race, student gender, and student race
    • Simpson, A. W. and M. T. Erickson 1983. Teachers' verbal and nonverbal communication patterns as a function of teacher race, student gender, and student race. American Educational Research Journal 20: 183-198.
    • (1983) American Educational Research Journal , vol.20 , pp. 183-198
    • Simpson, A.W.1    Erickson, M.T.2
  • 110
    • 84993843500 scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal communication among Black female dyads: An assessment of intimacy and race
    • Smith, A. 1983. Nonverbal communication among Black female dyads: An assessment of intimacy and race. Journal of Social Issues 39: 55-67.
    • (1983) Journal of Social Issues , vol.39 , pp. 55-67
    • Smith, A.1
  • 113
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • An integrative theory of intergroup conflict
    • W. G. Austin and S. Worchel (eds.), Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole
    • Tajfel, H. and J. C. Turner 1979. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: W. G. Austin and S. Worchel (eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 33-48. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
    • (1979) The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 33-48
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 115
    • 44549088932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Let's talk about race, baby! When Whites' and Blacks' interracial contact experiences diverge
    • Trawalter, S. and J. A. Richeson 2008. Let's talk about race, baby! When Whites' and Blacks' interracial contact experiences diverge. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44: 1214-1217.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 1214-1217
    • Trawalter, S.1    Richeson, J.A.2
  • 119
    • 84886116854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ( June 5- July 6). Retrieved August 30, 2008
    • USA Today/Gallup ( June 5- July 6, 2008). Majority of Americans say racism against blacks widespread. Retrieved August 30, 2008, from http://www.gallup.com/poll/109258/Majority-Americans-Say-Racism-Against-Blacks-Widespread.aspx.
    • (2008) Majority of Americans say racism against blacks widespread
  • 120
    • 0032174565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do individuals expect to be viewed by members of lower status groups? Content and implications of meta-stereotypes
    • Vorauer, J., K. J. Main, and G. B. O'Connell 1998. How do individuals expect to be viewed by members of lower status groups? Content and implications of meta-stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75: 917-937.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 917-937
    • Vorauer, J.1    Main, K.J.2    O'Connell, G.B.3
  • 121
    • 33750292642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An information search model of evaluative concerns in intergroup interaction
    • Vorauer, J. D. 2006. An information search model of evaluative concerns in intergroup interaction. Psychological Review 113: 862-886.
    • (2006) Psychological Review , vol.113 , pp. 862-886
    • Vorauer, J.D.1
  • 122
    • 33646178178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruptive effects of vigilance on dominant group members' treatment of outgroup members: Choking versus shining under pressure
    • Vorauer, J. D. and C. Turpie 2004. Disruptive effects of vigilance on dominant group members' treatment of outgroup members: Choking versus shining under pressure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 27: 706-709.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 706-709
    • Vorauer, J.D.1    Turpie, C.2
  • 123
    • 84991149384 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural police-citizen interactions: The influence of race, beliefs, and nonverbal communication on impression formation
    • Vrij, A. and F. W. Winkel 1992. Cross-cultural police-citizen interactions: The influence of race, beliefs, and nonverbal communication on impression formation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 22: 1546-1559.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 1546-1559
    • Vrij, A.1    Winkel, F.W.2
  • 125
    • 10244278086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition accuracy and reaction time of vocal expressions of emotion by African-American and Euro-American college women
    • Weathers, M. D., P. Kitsantas, T. Lever, P. O'Brien, S. Campbell, and M. Rastatter 2004. Recognition accuracy and reaction time of vocal expressions of emotion by African-American and Euro-American college women. Perceptual and Motor Skills 99: 662-668.
    • (2004) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.99 , pp. 662-668
    • Weathers, M.D.1    Kitsantas, P.2    Lever, T.3    O'Brien, P.4    Campbell, S.5    Rastatter, M.6
  • 126
    • 72949085531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior
    • Weisbuch, M., K. Pauker, and N. Ambady 2009. The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior. Science 326: 1711-1714.
    • (2009) Science , vol.326 , pp. 1711-1714
    • Weisbuch, M.1    Pauker, K.2    Ambady, N.3
  • 127
    • 0015416348 scopus 로고
    • Attitude, voice, and behavior: A repressed affect model of interracial interaction
    • Weitz, S. 1972. Attitude, voice, and behavior: A repressed affect model of interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 24: 14-21.
    • (1972) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 14-21
    • Weitz, S.1
  • 128
    • 62349118706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relational anxiety in interracial interactions
    • West, T. V., J. N. Shelton, and T. E. Trail 2009. Relational anxiety in interracial interactions. Psychological Science 20: 289-292.
    • (2009) Psychological Science , vol.20 , pp. 289-292
    • West, T.V.1    Shelton, J.N.2    Trail, T.E.3
  • 130
    • 0000563113 scopus 로고
    • The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction
    • Word, C. O., M. P. Zanna, and J. Cooper 1974. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 10: 109-120.
    • (1974) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 109-120
    • Word, C.O.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Cooper, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.