"shopping while black": Examining racial discrimination in a retail setting

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 39, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1432-1444

  Schreer, George E ^a   Smith, Saundra ^a   Thomas, Kirsten ^a  

^a MANHATTANVILLE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 66849093708     PISSN: 00219029     EISSN: 15591816     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00489.x     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Ainscough, T. L. Motley, C. M. (2000). Will you help me please? The effects of race, gender, and manner of dress on retail service. Marketing Letters, 11, 129 136.
2. Asquith, J. L. Bristow, D. N. (2000). To catch a thief: A pedagogical study of retail shoplifting. Journal of Education for Business, 75, 271 276.
3. Brigham, J. C. Richardson, C. B. (1979). Race, sex, and helping in the marketplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 314 322.
4. Crockett, D., Grier, S. A. Williams, J. A. (2003). Coping with marketplace discrimination: An exploration of the experiences of Black men. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 4, 1 18.
5. Dabney, D. A., Dugan, L. Topalli, V. (2006). The impact of implicit stereotyping on offender profiling: Unexpected results from an observational study of shoplifting. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 646 674.
6. Dabney, D. A., Hollinger, R. C. Dugan, L. (2004). Who actually steals? A study of covertly observed shoplifters. Justice Quarterly, 21, 693 728. (Pubitemid 41717786)
7. Devine, P. G. Elliot, A. J. (1995). Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton trilogy revisited. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1139 1150. (Pubitemid 126046809)
8. Dovidio, J. F. Gaertner, S. L. (2000). Aversive racism and selection decisions: 1989 and 1999. Psychological Science, 11, 315 319.
9. Eddings, J. (1995, October 23). The covert color war. U.S. News and World Report, 119, 40 41 116.
10. Fifield, A. (2001). Shopping while Black. Good Housekeeping, 233, 128 135.
11. Frey, D. L. Gaertner, S. L. (1986). Helping and the avoidance of inappropriate interracial behavior: A strategy that perpetuates a nonprejudiced self-image. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1083 1090.
12. Gabbidon, S. L. (2003). Racial profiling by store clerks and security personnel in retail establishments: An exploration of "shopping while Black Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 19, 345 364. (Pubitemid 36910633)
13. Gardiner, B. (2000). Racism at the airports. Network Journal, 7 (4 18.
14. Gray, V. L. (1998). Shopping for equality. Black Enterprise, 28, 60 68.
15. Harris, A. G. (2003). Shopping while Black: Applying 42 U.S.C. §1981 to cases of consumer racial profiling. Boston College Third World Law Journal, 23, 1 56.
16. Harris, A. G., Henderson, G. R. Williams, J. D. (2005). Courting customers: Assessing consumer racial profiling and other marketplace discrimination. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 24, 163 171. (Pubitemid 40816535)
17. Harris, D. A. (2002). Profiles in injustice: Why racial profiling cannot work. New York : New Press.
18. Hebl, M. R., Foster, J. B., Mannix, L. M. Dovidio, J. F. (2002). Formal and interpersonal discrimination: A field study of bias toward homosexual applicants. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 815 825. (Pubitemid 41269842)
19. King, E. B., Shapiro, J. R., Hebl, M. R., Singletary, S. L. Turner, S. (2006). The stigma of obesity in customer service: A mechanism for remediation and bottom-line consequences of interpersonal discrimination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 579 593.
20. Klemke. L. W. (1992). The sociology of shoplifting: Boosters and snitches today. Westport, CT : Praeger.
21. Lee, J. (2000). The salience of race in everyday life: Black customers' shopping experiences in Black and White neighborhoods. Work and Occupations, 27, 353 376.
22. Lepore, S. J., Revenson, T. A., Weinberger, S. L., Weston, P., Frisina, P. G., Robertson, R., et al. (2006). Effects of social stressors on cardiovascular reactivity in Black and White women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 120 127.
23. Pieterse, A. L. Carter, R. T. (2007). An examination of the relationship between general life stress, racism-related stress, and psychological health among Black men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 101 109. (Pubitemid 46058683)
24. Saucier, D. A., Miller, C. T. Doucet, N. (2005). Differences in helping Whites and Blacks: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 2 16. (Pubitemid 40447982)
25. Shelton, J. N., Richeson, J. A., Salvatore, J. Trawalter, S. (2005). Ironic effects of racial bias during interracial interactions. Psychological Science, 16, 397 402. (Pubitemid 40763687)
26. Swim, J. K., Hyers, L. L. Cohen, L. L. (2003). African American college students' experiences with everyday racism: Characteristics and responses to these incidents. Journal of Black Psychology, 29, 38 67. (Pubitemid 36241623)
27. Williams, J. D., Henderson, G. R. Harris, A. (2001). Consumer racial profiling: Bigotry goes to market. New Crisis, 108 (6 22 24.
28. Withrow, B. L. (2006). Racial profiling: From rhetoric to reason. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson/Prentice-Hall.
29. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P. Cooper, J. (1974). The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 109 120.