메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-6

Clostridium difficile infection: A worldwide disease

Author keywords

Asia; Clostridium difficile; Epidemiology; Review

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; METRONIDAZOLE; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84893035644     PISSN: 19762283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2014.8.1.1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (217)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0032755473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of quinolones on intestinal ecology
    • Edlund C, Nord CE. Effect of quinolones on intestinal ecology. Drugs 1999;58 Suppl 2:65-70.
    • (1999) Drugs , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 65-70
    • Edlund, C.1    Nord, C.E.2
  • 2
    • 67349239352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: A review of risk factors, treatments, and outcomes
    • Johnson S. Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a review of risk factors, treatments, and outcomes. J Infect 2009;58:403-410.
    • (2009) J Infect , vol.58 , pp. 403-410
    • Johnson, S.1
  • 3
    • 27444437759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhea: A cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec
    • Pépin J, Saheb N, Coulombe MA, et al. Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhea: a cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1254-1260.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1254-1260
    • Pépin, J.1    Saheb, N.2    Coulombe, M.A.3
  • 4
    • 0034628426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A
    • Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, Kelly CP. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A. N Engl J Med 2000;342:390-397.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 390-397
    • Kyne, L.1    Warny, M.2    Qamar, A.3    Kelly, C.P.4
  • 5
    • 0035915688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea
    • Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, Kelly CP. Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Lancet 2001;357:189-193.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 189-193
    • Kyne, L.1    Warny, M.2    Qamar, A.3    Kelly, C.P.4
  • 7
    • 77955233611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis, management, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities: A review
    • Simor AE. Diagnosis, management, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities: a review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010;58:1556-1564.
    • (2010) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.58 , pp. 1556-1564
    • Simor, A.E.1
  • 8
    • 55249105923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile: More difficult than ever
    • Kelly CP, LaMont JT. Clostridium difficile: more difficult than ever. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1932-1940.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1932-1940
    • Kelly, C.P.1    Lamont, J.T.2
  • 9
    • 84866460958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection: Toxins and non-toxin virulence factors, and their contributions to disease establishment and host response
    • Vedantam G, Clark A, Chu M, McQuade R, Mallozzi M, Viswanathan VK. Clostridium difficile infection: toxins and non-toxin virulence factors, and their contributions to disease establishment and host response. Gut Microbes 2012;3:121-134.
    • (2012) Gut Microbes , vol.3 , pp. 121-134
    • Vedantam, G.1    Clark, A.2    Chu, M.3    McQuade, R.4    Mallozzi, M.5    Viswanathan, V.K.6
  • 11
    • 73449097193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile toxin CDT induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria
    • Schwan C, Stecher B, Tzivelekidis T, et al. Clostridium difficile toxin CDT induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2009;5:e1000626.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Schwan, C.1    Stecher, B.2    Tzivelekidis, T.3
  • 12
    • 84873570579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Journal of Gastroenterology Lecture: Intestinal microbiota and the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in treatment of C
    • Brandt LJ. American Journal of Gastroenterology Lecture: intestinal microbiota and the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in treatment of C. difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:177-185.
    • (2013) Difficile Infection. Am J Gastroenterol , vol.108 , pp. 177-185
    • Brandt, L.J.1
  • 13
    • 0021337428 scopus 로고
    • Impact of antimicrobial agents on the gastrointestinal microflora and the risk of infections
    • Nord CE, Kager L, Heimdahl A. Impact of antimicrobial agents on the gastrointestinal microflora and the risk of infections. Am J Med 1984;76(5A):99-106.
    • (1984) Am J Med , vol.76 , Issue.5 A , pp. 99-106
    • Nord, C.E.1    Kager, L.2    Heimdahl, A.3
  • 14
    • 39349107697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased diversity of the fecal microbiome in recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
    • Chang JY, Antonopoulos DA, Kalra A, et al. Decreased diversity of the fecal microbiome in recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Infect Dis 2008;197:435-438.
    • (2008) J Infect Dis , vol.197 , pp. 435-438
    • Chang, J.Y.1    Antonopoulos, D.A.2    Kalra, A.3
  • 15
    • 77954426370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic colonization by Clostridium difficile in infants: Implications for disease in later life
    • Jangi S, Lamont JT. Asymptomatic colonization by Clostridium difficile in infants: implications for disease in later life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51:2-7.
    • (2010) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 2-7
    • Jangi, S.1    Lamont, J.T.2
  • 16
    • 84881608395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in patients with Clostridium difficile infection correlates with host pro-inflammatory and humoral immune responses
    • Solomon K, Martin AJ, O'Donoghue C, et al. Mortality in patients with Clostridium difficile infection correlates with host pro-inflammatory and humoral immune responses. J Med Microbiol 2013;62(Pt 9):1453-1460.
    • (2013) J Med Microbiol , vol.62 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Solomon, K.1    Martin, A.J.2    O'donoghue, C.3
  • 17
    • 33745120517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 isolates from Eastern and Western Canada
    • MacCannell DR, Louie TJ, Gregson DB, et al. Molecular analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 isolates from Eastern and Western Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:2147-2152.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 2147-2152
    • Maccannell, D.R.1    Louie, T.J.2    Gregson, D.B.3
  • 18
    • 28844494086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile
    • McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2433-2441.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2433-2441
    • McDonald, L.C.1    Killgore, G.E.2    Thompson, A.3
  • 19
    • 25144469664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe
    • Warny M, Pepin J, Fang A, et al. Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet 2005;366:1079-1084.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1079-1084
    • Warny, M.1    Pepin, J.2    Fang, A.3
  • 20
    • 84893073353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in hospital stays, 2009: Statistical brief #124 [Internet]
    • US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2006 [cited 2013 Oct 23]. Available from
    • US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in hospital stays, 2009: statistical brief #124 [Internet]. Bethesda: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2006 [cited 2013 Oct 23]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22574332.
    • Bethesda: National Center for Biotechnology Information
  • 21
    • 53449091796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078
    • Goorhuis A, Bakker D, Corver J, et al. Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:1162-1170.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1162-1170
    • Goorhuis, A.1    Bakker, D.2    Corver, J.3
  • 22
    • 84870895746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea: A nationwide study
    • Kim YS, Han DS, Kim YH, et al. Incidence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea: a nationwide study. Epidemiol Infect 2013;141:189-194.
    • (2013) Epidemiol Infect , vol.141 , pp. 189-194
    • Kim, Y.S.1    Han, D.S.2    Kim, Y.H.3
  • 23
    • 70350351716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct ribotypes and rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Clostridium difficile from Shanghai and Stockholm
    • Huang H, Fang H, Weintraub A, Nord CE. Distinct ribotypes and rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Clostridium difficile from Shanghai and Stockholm. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009;15:1170-1173.
    • (2009) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.15 , pp. 1170-1173
    • Huang, H.1    Fang, H.2    Weintraub, A.3    Nord, C.E.4
  • 24
    • 40749109390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing prevalence of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive isolates of Clostridium difficile in Korea: Impact on laboratory diagnosis
    • Kim H, Riley TV, Kim M, et al. Increasing prevalence of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive isolates of Clostridium difficile in Korea: impact on laboratory diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:1116-1117.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 1116-1117
    • Kim, H.1    Riley, T.V.2    Kim, M.3
  • 25
    • 45249104631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre study of the prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Korea: Results of a retrospective study 2000-2005
    • Shin BM, Kuak EY, Yoo HM, et al. Multicentre study of the prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Korea: results of a retrospective study 2000-2005. J Med Microbiol 2008;57(Pt 6):697-701.
    • (2008) J Med Microbiol , vol.57 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 697-701
    • Shin, B.M.1    Kuak, E.Y.2    Yoo, H.M.3
  • 26
    • 84884740632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a major Chinese hospital: An under recognised problem in Asia?
    • Hawkey PM, Marriott C, Liu WE, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in a major Chinese hospital: an under recognised problem in Asia? J Clin Microbiol 2013;51:3308-3313.
    • (2013) J Clin Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 3308-3313
    • Hawkey, P.M.1    Marriott, C.2    Liu, W.E.3
  • 27
    • 84871658793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of clinical Clostridium difficile from a Chinese tertiary hospital
    • Dong D, Zhang L, Chen X, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms of clinical Clostridium difficile from a Chinese tertiary hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013;41:80-84.
    • (2013) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.41 , pp. 80-84
    • Dong, D.1    Zhang, L.2    Chen, X.3
  • 28
    • 84876786251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Korea
    • Kim J, Kang JO, Kim H, et al. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Korea. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013;19:521-527.
    • (2013) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.19 , pp. 521-527
    • Kim, J.1    Kang, J.O.2    Kim, H.3
  • 29
    • 80054757852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile isolates with increased sporulation: Emergence of PCR ribotype 002 in Hong Kong
    • Cheng VC, Yam WC, Lam OT, et al. Clostridium difficile isolates with increased sporulation: emergence of PCR ribotype 002 in Hong Kong. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011;30:1371-1381.
    • (2011) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 1371-1381
    • Cheng, V.C.1    Yam, W.C.2    Lam, O.T.3
  • 30
    • 84878284246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile as a cause of acute diarrhea: A prospective study in a tertiary care center
    • Ingle M, Deshmukh A, Desai D, et al. Clostridium difficile as a cause of acute diarrhea: a prospective study in a tertiary care center. Indian J Gastroenterol 2013;32:179-183.
    • (2013) Indian J Gastroenterol , vol.32 , pp. 179-183
    • Ingle, M.1    Deshmukh, A.2    Desai, D.3
  • 32
    • 85040721395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in Clostridium difficile-associated disease rates in Singapore public hospitals, 2006 to 2008
    • Hsu LY, Tan TY, Koh TH, et al. Decline in Clostridium difficile-associated disease rates in Singapore public hospitals, 2006 to 2008. BMC Res Notes 2011;4:77.
    • (2011) BMC Res Notes , vol.4 , pp. 77
    • Hsu, L.Y.1    Tan, T.Y.2    Koh, T.H.3
  • 34
    • 84867040237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin in diarhoeal stool samples of patients from a tertiary hospital in North Eastern Penisular Malaysia
    • Hassan SA, Othman N, Idris FM, et al. Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin in diarhoeal stool samples of patients from a tertiary hospital in North Eastern Penisular Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2012;67:402-405.
    • (2012) Med J Malaysia , vol.67 , pp. 402-405
    • Hassan, S.A.1    Othman, N.2    Idris, F.M.3
  • 35
    • 0345601850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A and B genes from stool samples of Thai diarrheal patients by polymerase chain reaction technique
    • Wongwanich S, Rugdeekha S, Pongpech P, Dhiraputra C. Detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A and B genes from stool samples of Thai diarrheal patients by polymerase chain reaction technique. J Med Assoc Thai 2003;86:970-975.
    • (2003) J Med Assoc Thai , vol.86 , pp. 970-975
    • Wongwanich, S.1    Rugdeekha, S.2    Pongpech, P.3    Dhiraputra, C.4
  • 37
    • 34547133720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity
    • Zar FA, Bakkanagari SR, Moorthi KM, Davis MB. A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:302-307.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 302-307
    • Zar, F.A.1    Bakkanagari, S.R.2    Moorthi, K.M.3    Davis, M.B.4
  • 38
    • 84875952150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections
    • Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:478-498.
    • (2013) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.108 , pp. 478-498
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    Brandt, L.J.2    Binion, D.G.3
  • 39
    • 84873727471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection in the inflammatory bowel disease patient
    • Berg AM, Kelly CP, Farraye FA. Clostridium difficile infection in the inflammatory bowel disease patient. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013;19:194-204.
    • (2013) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.19 , pp. 194-204
    • Berg, A.M.1    Kelly, C.P.2    Farraye, F.A.3
  • 40
    • 33947111354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Clostridium difficile on inflammatory bowel disease
    • Issa M, Vijayapal A, Graham MB, et al. Impact of Clostridium difficile on inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:345-351.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 345-351
    • Issa, M.1    Vijayapal, A.2    Graham, M.B.3
  • 41
    • 44949261865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national survey of the prevalence and impact of Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients
    • Nguyen GC, Kaplan GG, Harris ML, Brant SR. A national survey of the prevalence and impact of Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1443-1450.
    • (2008) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.103 , pp. 1443-1450
    • Nguyen, G.C.1    Kaplan, G.G.2    Harris, M.L.3    Brant, S.R.4
  • 42
    • 84879880198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute kidney injury is an independent marker of severity in Clostridium difficile infection: A nationwide survey
    • Khanna S, Keddis MT, Noheria A, Baddour LM, Pardi DS. Acute kidney injury is an independent marker of severity in Clostridium difficile infection: a nationwide survey. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013;47:481-484.
    • (2013) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.47 , pp. 481-484
    • Khanna, S.1    Keddis, M.T.2    Noheria, A.3    Baddour, L.M.4    Pardi, D.S.5
  • 44
    • 84891816574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children
    • Goldenberg JZ, Ma SS, Saxton JD, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;5:CD006095.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.5
    • Goldenberg, J.Z.1    Ma, S.S.2    Saxton, J.D.3
  • 45
    • 84879819430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel approach to generate a recombinant toxoid vaccine against Clostridium difficile
    • Donald RG, Flint M, Kalyan N, et al. A novel approach to generate a recombinant toxoid vaccine against Clostridium difficile. Microbiology 2013;159(Pt 7):1254-1266.
    • (2013) Microbiology , vol.159 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1254-1266
    • Donald, R.G.1    Flint, M.2    Kalyan, N.3
  • 46
    • 84861975931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile: Development of a novel candidate vaccine
    • Foglia G, Shah S, Luxemburger C, Pietrobon PJ. Clostridium difficile: development of a novel candidate vaccine. Vaccine 2012;30:4307-4309.
    • (2012) Vaccine , vol.30 , pp. 4307-4309
    • Foglia, G.1    Shah, S.2    Luxemburger, C.3    Pietrobon, P.J.4
  • 47
    • 84880837675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective efficacy induced by recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin fragments
    • Leuzzi R, Spencer J, Buckley A, et al. Protective efficacy induced by recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin fragments. Infect Immun 2013;81:2851-2860.
    • (2013) Infect Immun , vol.81 , pp. 2851-2860
    • Leuzzi, R.1    Spencer, J.2    Buckley, A.3
  • 48
    • 84893093837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics: News
    • Riedmann EM. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics: news. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013;9:2034-2037.
    • (2013) Hum Vaccin Immunother , vol.9 , pp. 2034-2037
    • Riedmann, E.M.1
  • 49
    • 84859007390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: A double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial
    • Cornely OA, Crook DW, Esposito R, et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12:281-289.
    • (2012) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 281-289
    • Cornely, O.A.1    Crook, D.W.2    Esposito, R.3
  • 50
    • 79551527297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection
    • Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM, et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364:422-431.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 422-431
    • Louie, T.J.1    Miller, M.A.2    Mullane, K.M.3
  • 52
    • 33847630925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea episodes by serial therapy with vancomycin and rifaximin
    • Johnson S, Schriever C, Galang M, Kelly CP, Gerding DN. Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea episodes by serial therapy with vancomycin and rifaximin. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:846-848.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , pp. 846-848
    • Johnson, S.1    Schriever, C.2    Galang, M.3    Kelly, C.P.4    Gerding, D.N.5
  • 53
    • 84871740349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fidaxomicin "chaser" regimen following vancomycin for patients with multiple Clostridium difficile recurrences
    • Johnson S, Gerding DN. Fidaxomicin "chaser" regimen following vancomycin for patients with multiple Clostridium difficile recurrences. Clin Infect Dis 2013;56:309-310.
    • (2013) Clin Infect Dis , vol.56 , pp. 309-310
    • Johnson, S.1    Gerding, D.N.2
  • 54
    • 84882283827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in older adults: A review
    • Burke KE, Lamont JT. Fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in older adults: a review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:1394-1398.
    • (2013) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.61 , pp. 1394-1398
    • Burke, K.E.1    Lamont, J.T.2
  • 55
    • 84873019302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile
    • van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013;368:407-415.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 407-415
    • Van Nood, E.1    Vrieze, A.2    Nieuwdorp, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.