Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin in diarhoeal stool samples of patients from a tertiary hospital in North Eastern Penisular Malaysia

Medical Journal of Malaysia

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 402-405

  Hassan, Siti Asma' ^a   Othman, Norlela ^a   Idris, Fauziah Mohd ^a   Rahman, Zaidah Abdul ^a   Maning, Nurahan ^a   Rahman, Rosliza Abdul ^a   Tiong, Chan Guan ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile toxin; Loose stool; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CHILD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIARRHEA; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAHY; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LENGTH OF STAY; MALAYSIA; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; OCCULT BLOOD; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PUS; SCHOOL CHILD; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WARD;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; ENTEROTOXINS; FECES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTESTINES; MALAYSIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84867040237     PISSN: 03005283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Bartlett JG. Clostridium difficile: history of its role as an enteric pathogen and the current state of knowledge about the organism. Clin Infect Dis1994; 18(Suppl.4), S265-S272.
2. Kuijper EJ, and Dissel JT. Spectrum of Clostridium difficile infections outside health care facilities CMAJ 2008;7; 179(8): 747-8.
3. Mogg GA, Keighley MR, Burdon DW et al. Antibiotic-associated colitis-a review of 66 cases. Br J Surg 1979; 66: 738-42.
4. Burckhardt F, Friedrich A, Beier D, Eckmanns T. Clostridium difficile surveillance trends, Saxony, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 691-692.
5. Soler P, Nogareda F, Cano R. Rates of Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from Spanish hospitals, 1997-2005. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008; 29: 887-9.
6. Hsu MS, Wang JT, Huang WK, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in tertiary hospital in Northern Taiwan. Journal of Microbiol Immuno Infect 2005; 32: 242-8.
7. McDonald LC, Killgure GE, Thumpson A et al. An epidemic, toxin genevariant strain of Clostridium difficile. N. Engl. J. Med 2005; 353: 2433-41.
8. Labbe AC, Poirier L, Maccannell D, et al. Clostridium difficile infections in a Canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the BI/NAP1/027 strain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 3180-7.
9. Dial S, Alrasadi K, Manoukian C, Huang A, Menzies D. Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: cohort and case-control studies. CMAJ 2004; 171.
10. Tim Planche, Adamma Aghaisu, Richard Holliman, et al. Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by toxin detection kits: a systematic review. The lancet. com/infection Vol 8 December 2008.
11. Summers A, Snow K, Dunham L, Craft D. Comparative evaluation of six commercially available assays for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxins in fecal specimens. Proceedings of the American Society of Microbiology. 106th General Meeting, Orlando, FL, USA; May 21-25. Abstract 107876.
12. Vaishnavi C, Kochhar R, Bhasin DK, Thapa BR, Singh K. Detection of Clostridium difficile toxin by an indigenously developed latex agglutination assay. Trop Gastroenterol 1999: 20: 33-5.
13. Barbut F, Mastrantonio P, Delmée M et al. Prospective study of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in Europe with phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 1048-57.
14. McDonald LC, George E. Killgore, Angela Thompson at al. An Epidemic, Toxin Gene-Variant Strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2433-2441December 8, 2005.
15. Lim PL, Timothy MS, Ling LM, et al. Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile associated disease, Singapore. Emerging Inf Diseases 2008; 14: 9.
16. 11th Western Pacific Congress on Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases. Taiwan 2008.
17. Sunenshine RH, McDonald LC. Clostridium difficile-associated disease: new challenges from an established pathogen. Cleveland Clin J Med 2006; 73: 187-97.
18. Pepin J, Saheb N, Coulombe MA, et al. Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 1254-60.
19. Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, et al. A predominantly clonal multiinstitutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2442-9.