메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 178-194

Secondary stroke prevention

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; APIXABAN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CILOSTAZOL; CLOPIDOGREL; DABIGATRAN; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DIURETIC AGENT; EZETIMIBE; FOLIC ACID; INSULIN; LAROPIPRANT; NICOTINIC ACID; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; RIVAROXABAN; SIMVASTATIN; TERUTROBAN; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; TRIFLUSAL; UNINDEXED DRUG; VORAPAXAR; WARFARIN;

EID: 84892550381     PISSN: 14744422     EISSN: 14744465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70255-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (242)

References (173)
  • 1
    • 84871036375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380:2095-2128.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2095-2128
    • Lozano, R.1    Naghavi, M.2    Foreman, K.3
  • 2
    • 84871099014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380:2197-2223.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2197-2223
    • Murray, C.J.1    Vos, T.2    Lozano, R.3
  • 3
    • 77949524857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischaemic stroke-prevention is better than cure
    • Hankey GJ Ischaemic stroke-prevention is better than cure. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2010, 40:56-63.
    • (2010) J R Coll Physicians Edinb , vol.40 , pp. 56-63
    • Hankey, G.J.1
  • 4
    • 2942519743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford Vascular Study)
    • the Oxford Vascular Study
    • Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, et al. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford Vascular Study). Lancet 2004, 363:1925-1933. the Oxford Vascular Study.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1925-1933
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Coull, A.J.2    Giles, M.F.3
  • 5
    • 84870907857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based study of hospital care costs during 5 years after transient ischemic attack and stroke
    • the Oxford Vascular Study
    • Luengo-Fernandez R, Gray AM, Rothwell PM A population-based study of hospital care costs during 5 years after transient ischemic attack and stroke. Stroke 2012, 43:3343-3351. the Oxford Vascular Study.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3343-3351
    • Luengo-Fernandez, R.1    Gray, A.M.2    Rothwell, P.M.3
  • 6
    • 59049100462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Get with the guidelines-stroke is associated with sustained improvement in care for patients hospitalized with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • Schwamm LH, Fonarow GC, Reeves MJ, et al. Get with the guidelines-stroke is associated with sustained improvement in care for patients hospitalized with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. Circulation 2009, 119:107-115.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 107-115
    • Schwamm, L.H.1    Fonarow, G.C.2    Reeves, M.J.3
  • 7
    • 67650034775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based study of risk and predictors of stroke in the first few hours after a TIA
    • the Oxford Vascular Study
    • Chandratheva A, Mehta Z, Geraghty OC, Marquardt L, Rothwell PM Population-based study of risk and predictors of stroke in the first few hours after a TIA. Neurology 2009, 72:1941-1947. the Oxford Vascular Study.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 1941-1947
    • Chandratheva, A.1    Mehta, Z.2    Geraghty, O.C.3    Marquardt, L.4    Rothwell, P.M.5
  • 8
    • 36148978582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Giles MF, Rothwell PM Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6:1063-1072.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 1063-1072
    • Giles, M.F.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 9
    • 84879775488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • the CHANCE investigators
    • Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, et al. Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2013, 369:11-19. the CHANCE investigators.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 11-19
    • Wang, Y.1    Wang, Y.2    Zhao, X.3
  • 10
    • 21844476457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack
    • Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Flossmann E, et al. A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2005, 366:29-36.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 29-36
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Giles, M.F.2    Flossmann, E.3
  • 11
    • 77950274089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and pooled analysis of published and unpublished validations of the ABCD and ABCD2 transient ischemic attack risk scores
    • Giles MF, Rothwell PM Systematic review and pooled analysis of published and unpublished validations of the ABCD and ABCD2 transient ischemic attack risk scores. Stroke 2010, 41:667-673.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 667-673
    • Giles, M.F.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 12
    • 77951765262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABCD2 score predicts severity rather than risk of early recurrent events after transient ischemic attack
    • the Oxford Vascular Study
    • Chandratheva A, Geraghty OC, Luengo-Fernandez R, Rothwell PM ABCD2 score predicts severity rather than risk of early recurrent events after transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2010, 41:851-856. the Oxford Vascular Study.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 851-856
    • Chandratheva, A.1    Geraghty, O.C.2    Luengo-Fernandez, R.3    Rothwell, P.M.4
  • 13
    • 1342288363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies
    • the Oxford Vascular Study
    • Lovett JK, Coull A, Rothwell PM Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies. Neurology 2004, 62:569-573. the Oxford Vascular Study.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 569-573
    • Lovett, J.K.1    Coull, A.2    Rothwell, P.M.3
  • 14
    • 75649126576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A score to predict early risk of recurrence after ischemic stroke
    • Ay H, Gungor L, Arsava EM, et al. A score to predict early risk of recurrence after ischemic stroke. Neurology 2010, 74:128-135.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 128-135
    • Ay, H.1    Gungor, L.2    Arsava, E.M.3
  • 15
    • 1042300322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery
    • the Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists Collaboration
    • Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP, Barnett HJ Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet 2004, 363:915-924. the Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists Collaboration.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 915-924
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Eliasziw, M.2    Gutnikov, S.A.3    Warlow, C.P.4    Barnett, H.J.5
  • 16
    • 84876223014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke risk after posterior circulation stroke/transient ischemic attack and its relationship to site of vertebrobasilar stenosis: pooled data analysis from prospective studies
    • Gulli G, Marquardt L, Rothwell PM, Markus HS Stroke risk after posterior circulation stroke/transient ischemic attack and its relationship to site of vertebrobasilar stenosis: pooled data analysis from prospective studies. Stroke 2013, 44:598-604.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 598-604
    • Gulli, G.1    Marquardt, L.2    Rothwell, P.M.3    Markus, H.S.4
  • 18
    • 84857649491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with transient ischemic attack with ABCD2 <4 can have similar 90-day stroke risk as patients with transient ischemic attack with ABCD2 ≥4
    • Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavallée PC Patients with transient ischemic attack with ABCD2 <4 can have similar 90-day stroke risk as patients with transient ischemic attack with ABCD2 ≥4. Stroke 2012, 43:863-865.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 863-865
    • Amarenco, P.1    Labreuche, J.2    Lavallée, P.C.3
  • 19
    • 77957948572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 score to identify patients at early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack: a multicentre observational study
    • 2 score to identify patients at early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:1060-1069.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 1060-1069
    • Merwick, A.1    Albers, G.W.2    Amarenco, P.3
  • 20
    • 34247575214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of associations between the presence of acute ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging and clinical predictors of early stroke risk after transient ischemic attack
    • Redgrave JN, Coutts SB, Schulz UG, Briley D, Rothwell PM Systematic review of associations between the presence of acute ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging and clinical predictors of early stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2007, 38:1482-1488.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 1482-1488
    • Redgrave, J.N.1    Coutts, S.B.2    Schulz, U.G.3    Briley, D.4    Rothwell, P.M.5
  • 21
    • 84879075697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI findings and stroke risk in TIA patients with different symptom durations
    • Al-Khaled M, Eggers J MRI findings and stroke risk in TIA patients with different symptom durations. Neurology 2013, 80:1920-1926.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 1920-1926
    • Al-Khaled, M.1    Eggers, J.2
  • 22
    • 84876850657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the ABCD3-I score to predict stroke risk after transient ischemic attack
    • Song B, Fang H, Zhao L, et al. Validation of the ABCD3-I score to predict stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2013, 44:1244-1248.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1244-1248
    • Song, B.1    Fang, H.2    Zhao, L.3
  • 23
    • 84880249624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination timing and lesion patterns in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of patients with classically defined transient ischemic attack
    • published online Jan 22.
    • Miyagi T, Uehara T, Kimura K, et al. Examination timing and lesion patterns in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of patients with classically defined transient ischemic attack. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013, published online Jan 22. 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.12.007.
    • (2013) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
    • Miyagi, T.1    Uehara, T.2    Kimura, K.3
  • 24
    • 79961175653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of early stroke risk in transient symptoms with infarction: relevance to the new tissue-based definition
    • Arsava EM, Furie KL, Schwamm LH, Sorensen AG, Ay H Prediction of early stroke risk in transient symptoms with infarction: relevance to the new tissue-based definition. Stroke 2011, 42:2186-2190.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 2186-2190
    • Arsava, E.M.1    Furie, K.L.2    Schwamm, L.H.3    Sorensen, A.G.4    Ay, H.5
  • 26
    • 84885860071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy for acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Wong KS, Wang Y, Leng X, et al. Early dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy for acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation 2013, 128:1656-1666.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , pp. 1656-1666
    • Wong, K.S.1    Wang, Y.2    Leng, X.3
  • 27
    • 79955646932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis
    • CD001081.
    • Rerkasem K, Rothwell PM Carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 4. CD001081.
    • (2011) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4
    • Rerkasem, K.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 29
    • 35248869805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison
    • the Early use of Existing Preventive Strategies for Stroke (EXPRESS) study
    • Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Chandratheva A, et al. Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Lancet 2007, 370:1432-1442. the Early use of Existing Preventive Strategies for Stroke (EXPRESS) study.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 1432-1442
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Giles, M.F.2    Chandratheva, A.3
  • 30
    • 0032964807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative meta-analysis of aspirin efficacy after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin
    • Algra A, van Gijn J Cumulative meta-analysis of aspirin efficacy after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999, 66:255.
    • (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 255
    • Algra, A.1    van Gijn, J.2
  • 31
    • 65849268320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials
    • the Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration
    • Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009, 373:1849-1860. the Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 1849-1860
    • Baigent, C.1    Blackwell, L.2    Collins, R.3
  • 32
    • 0030590746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE)
    • CAPRIE Steering Committee
    • A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996, 348:1329-1339. CAPRIE Steering Committee.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1329-1339
  • 33
    • 76449091888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thienopyridine derivatives versus aspirin for preventing stroke and other serious vascular events in high vascular risk patients
    • CD001246.
    • Sudlow CL, Mason G, Maurice JB, Wedderburn CJ, Hankey GJ Thienopyridine derivatives versus aspirin for preventing stroke and other serious vascular events in high vascular risk patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, 4. CD001246.
    • (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4
    • Sudlow, C.L.1    Mason, G.2    Maurice, J.B.3    Wedderburn, C.J.4    Hankey, G.J.5
  • 34
    • 55249106449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dipyridamole plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in secondary prevention after TIA or stroke: a meta-analysis by risk
    • Halkes PHA, Gray LJ, Bath PMW, et al. Dipyridamole plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in secondary prevention after TIA or stroke: a meta-analysis by risk. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008, 79:1218-1223.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 1218-1223
    • Halkes, P.H.A.1    Gray, L.J.2    Bath, P.M.W.3
  • 35
    • 51449116270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke
    • the PRoFESS Study Group
    • Sacco RL, Diener H-C, Yusuf S, et al. Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:1238-1251. the PRoFESS Study Group.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1238-1251
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Diener, H.-C.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 36
    • 84884903012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of cilostazol versus aspirin for the secondary prevention of stroke
    • published online July 2.
    • Dinicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Fares H, et al. Meta-analysis of cilostazol versus aspirin for the secondary prevention of stroke. Am J Cardiol 2013, published online July 2. 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.067.
    • (2013) Am J Cardiol
    • Dinicolantonio, J.J.1    Lavie, C.J.2    Fares, H.3
  • 37
    • 0027505093 scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke
    • EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group
    • Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Lancet 1993, 342:1255-1262. EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1255-1262
  • 38
    • 3843146366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack
    • CD000185.
    • Saxena R, Koudstaal PJ Anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004, 2. CD000185.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Saxena, R.1    Koudstaal, P.J.2
  • 39
    • 84870937596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonvitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Diener HC, Makaritsis K, Michel P Nonvitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2012, 43:3298-3304.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3298-3304
    • Ntaios, G.1    Papavasileiou, V.2    Diener, H.C.3    Makaritsis, K.4    Michel, P.5
  • 40
    • 71049193403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure reduction for the secondary prevention of stroke: a Chinese trial and a systematic review of the literature
    • Liu L, Wang Z, Gong L, et al. Blood pressure reduction for the secondary prevention of stroke: a Chinese trial and a systematic review of the literature. Hypertens Res 2009, 32:1032-1040.
    • (2009) Hypertens Res , vol.32 , pp. 1032-1040
    • Liu, L.1    Wang, Z.2    Gong, L.3
  • 41
    • 67650082354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies
    • Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009, 338:b1665.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338
    • Law, M.R.1    Morris, J.K.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 42
    • 64349105221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention
    • Amarenco P, Labreuche J Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol 2009, 8:453-463.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 453-463
    • Amarenco, P.1    Labreuche, J.2
  • 43
    • 35248901247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-the-clock access (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects
    • Lavallée PC, Meseguer E, Abboud H, et al. A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-the-clock access (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6:953-960.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 953-960
    • Lavallée, P.C.1    Meseguer, E.2    Abboud, H.3
  • 44
    • 84862629039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, et al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2012, 379:2364-2372.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 2364-2372
    • Wardlaw, J.M.1    Murray, V.2    Berge, E.3
  • 45
    • 82955187885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiplatelet agents for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis
    • Patrono C, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, et al. Antiplatelet agents for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis. Eur Heart J 2011, 32:2922-2932.
    • (2011) Eur Heart J , vol.32 , pp. 2922-2932
    • Patrono, C.1    Andreotti, F.2    Arnesen, H.3
  • 47
    • 84877921154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted use of heparin, heparinoids, or low-molecular-weight heparin to improve outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Whiteley WN, Adams HP, Bath PM, et al. Targeted use of heparin, heparinoids, or low-molecular-weight heparin to improve outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 2013, 12:539-545.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 539-545
    • Whiteley, W.N.1    Adams, H.P.2    Bath, P.M.3
  • 48
    • 33846649116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment in acute cardioembolic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Micheli S, Caso V Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment in acute cardioembolic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2007, 38:423-430.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 423-430
    • Paciaroni, M.1    Agnelli, G.2    Micheli, S.3    Caso, V.4
  • 49
    • 84899747630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unanswered questions and research priorities to optimise stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation with the new oral anticoagulants
    • published online Nov 28.
    • Hankey GJ Unanswered questions and research priorities to optimise stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation with the new oral anticoagulants. Thromb Haemost 2013, published online Nov 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/TH13-09-0741.
    • (2013) Thromb Haemost
    • Hankey, G.J.1
  • 50
    • 79651475608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age modifies the relative risk of stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis-a pooled analysis of EVA-3S, SPACE, and ICSS
    • the Carotid Stenting Trialists' Collaboration
    • Bonati LH, Fraedrich G Age modifies the relative risk of stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis-a pooled analysis of EVA-3S, SPACE, and ICSS. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011, 41:153-158. the Carotid Stenting Trialists' Collaboration.
    • (2011) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg , vol.41 , pp. 153-158
    • Bonati, L.H.1    Fraedrich, G.2
  • 52
    • 84881488396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet-oriented inhibition in new TIA and minor ischemic stroke (POINT) trial: rationale and design
    • Johnston SC, Easton JD, Farrant M, et al. Platelet-oriented inhibition in new TIA and minor ischemic stroke (POINT) trial: rationale and design. Int J Stroke 2013, 8:479-483.
    • (2013) Int J Stroke , vol.8 , pp. 479-483
    • Johnston, S.C.1    Easton, J.D.2    Farrant, M.3
  • 53
    • 84892498437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischemic stroke (TARDIS). (accessed April 18).
    • Triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischemic stroke (TARDIS). (accessed April 18, 2013). http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01661322.
    • (2013)
  • 54
    • 84872228959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of clopidogrel and potent P2Y 12 -inhibitors on mortality and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Aradi D, Komócsi A, Vorobcsuk A, Serebruany VL Impact of clopidogrel and potent P2Y 12 -inhibitors on mortality and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost 2013, 109:93-101.
    • (2013) Thromb Haemost , vol.109 , pp. 93-101
    • Aradi, D.1    Komócsi, A.2    Vorobcsuk, A.3    Serebruany, V.L.4
  • 55
    • 84862907587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome
    • the ATLAS ACS 2-TIMI 51 Investigators
    • Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, et al. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2012, 366:9-19. the ATLAS ACS 2-TIMI 51 Investigators.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 9-19
    • Mega, J.L.1    Braunwald, E.2    Wiviott, S.D.3
  • 56
    • 84876292756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A risk factor-based predictive model of outcomes in carotid endarterectomy: the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2005-2010
    • Bekelis K, Bakhoum SF, Desai A, Mackenzie TA, Goodney P, Labropoulos N A risk factor-based predictive model of outcomes in carotid endarterectomy: the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2005-2010. Stroke 2013, 44:1085-1090.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1085-1090
    • Bekelis, K.1    Bakhoum, S.F.2    Desai, A.3    Mackenzie, T.A.4    Goodney, P.5    Labropoulos, N.6
  • 57
    • 84860221709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very urgent carotid endarterectomy confers increased procedural risk
    • the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) Steering Committee
    • Strömberg S, Gelin J, Osterberg T, Bergström GM, Karlström L, Osterberg K Very urgent carotid endarterectomy confers increased procedural risk. Stroke 2012, 43:1331-1335. the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) Steering Committee.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 1331-1335
    • Strömberg, S.1    Gelin, J.2    Osterberg, T.3    Bergström, G.M.4    Karlström, L.5    Osterberg, K.6
  • 58
    • 84875208755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of carotid artery stenting compared with carotid endarterectomy is greatest in patients treated within 7 days of symptoms
    • the Carotid Stenting Trialists' Collaboration, e2, discussion 625-26.
    • Rantner B, Goebel G, Bonati LH, Ringleb PA, Mas JL, Fraedrich G The risk of carotid artery stenting compared with carotid endarterectomy is greatest in patients treated within 7 days of symptoms. J Vasc Surg 2013, 57:619-626. the Carotid Stenting Trialists' Collaboration, e2, discussion 625-26.
    • (2013) J Vasc Surg , vol.57 , pp. 619-626
    • Rantner, B.1    Goebel, G.2    Bonati, L.H.3    Ringleb, P.A.4    Mas, J.L.5    Fraedrich, G.6
  • 59
    • 84870935732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction for adverse events after carotid artery stenting in higher surgical risk patients
    • Wimmer NJ, Yeh RW, Cutlip DE, Mauri L Risk prediction for adverse events after carotid artery stenting in higher surgical risk patients. Stroke 2012, 43:3218-3224.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3218-3224
    • Wimmer, N.J.1    Yeh, R.W.2    Cutlip, D.E.3    Mauri, L.4
  • 60
    • 84865113299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restenosis after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy: a secondary analysis of CREST, a randomised controlled trial
    • the CREST Investigators
    • Lal BK, Beach KW, Roubin GS, et al. Restenosis after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy: a secondary analysis of CREST, a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2012, 11:755-763. the CREST Investigators.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 755-763
    • Lal, B.K.1    Beach, K.W.2    Roubin, G.S.3
  • 61
    • 84880790260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urgent best medical therapy may obviate the need for urgent surgery in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis
    • Shahidi S, Owen-Falkenberg A, Hjerpsted U, Rai A, Ellemann K Urgent best medical therapy may obviate the need for urgent surgery in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke 2013, 44:2220-2225.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 2220-2225
    • Shahidi, S.1    Owen-Falkenberg, A.2    Hjerpsted, U.3    Rai, A.4    Ellemann, K.5
  • 62
    • 84888309101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggressive medical therapy alone is adequate in certain patients with severe symptomatic carotid stenosis
    • Chaturvedi S Aggressive medical therapy alone is adequate in certain patients with severe symptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke 2013, 44:2955-2956.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 2955-2956
    • Chaturvedi, S.1
  • 63
    • 80052834654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis
    • the SAMMPRIS trial investigators
    • Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Derdeyn CP, et al. Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:993-1003. the SAMMPRIS trial investigators.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 993-1003
    • Chimowitz, M.I.1    Lynn, M.J.2    Derdeyn, C.P.3
  • 64
    • 84870907197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: endovascular versus medical therapy in a Chinese population
    • Miao Z, Jiang L, Wu H, et al. Randomized controlled trial of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: endovascular versus medical therapy in a Chinese population. Stroke 2012, 43:3284-3290.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3284-3290
    • Miao, Z.1    Jiang, L.2    Wu, H.3
  • 65
    • 0000719015 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of symptomatic carotid occlusion: an overview
    • Hankey G, Warlow C Prognosis of symptomatic carotid occlusion: an overview. Cerebrovasc Dis 1991, 1:245-256.
    • (1991) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.1 , pp. 245-256
    • Hankey, G.1    Warlow, C.2
  • 66
    • 0022359427 scopus 로고
    • Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial
    • The EC/IC Bypass Study Group
    • Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. N Engl J Med 1985, 313:1191-1200. The EC/IC Bypass Study Group.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 1191-1200
  • 67
    • 80755188166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study randomized trial
    • the COSS Investigators
    • Powers WJ, Clarke WR, Grubb RL, Videen TO, Adams HP, Derdeyn CP Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study randomized trial. JAMA 2011, 306:1983-1992. the COSS Investigators.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.306 , pp. 1983-1992
    • Powers, W.J.1    Clarke, W.R.2    Grubb, R.L.3    Videen, T.O.4    Adams, H.P.5    Derdeyn, C.P.6
  • 68
    • 79961209366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of stenting and angioplasty of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis
    • Stayman AN, Nogueira RG, Gupta R A systematic review of stenting and angioplasty of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Stroke 2011, 42:2212-2216.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 2212-2216
    • Stayman, A.N.1    Nogueira, R.G.2    Gupta, R.3
  • 69
    • 84892530205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebral Ischemia Stenting Trial (VIST), (accessed Nov 27, 2013).
    • Vertebral Ischemia Stenting Trial (VIST), (accessed Nov 27, 2013). http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN95212240/VIST.
  • 70
    • 84892525162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial (VAST), (accessed Nov 27, 2013).
    • Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial (VAST), (accessed Nov 27, 2013). http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN29597900.
  • 71
    • 84888359928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in early stroke risk in carotid stenosis with transient ischemic attack associated with statin treatment
    • Merwick A, Albers GW, Arsava EM, et al. Reduction in early stroke risk in carotid stenosis with transient ischemic attack associated with statin treatment. Stroke 2013, 44:2814-2820.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 2814-2820
    • Merwick, A.1    Albers, G.W.2    Arsava, E.M.3
  • 72
    • 35248821708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial
    • the FASTER Investigators
    • Kennedy J, Hill MD, Ryckborst KJ, Eliasziw M, Demchuk AM, Buchan AM Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6:961-969. the FASTER Investigators.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 961-969
    • Kennedy, J.1    Hill, M.D.2    Ryckborst, K.J.3    Eliasziw, M.4    Demchuk, A.M.5    Buchan, A.M.6
  • 73
    • 84856147735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized placebo controlled trial of early treatment of acute ischemic stroke with atorvastatin and irbesartan
    • Beer C, Blacker D, Bynevelt M, Hankey GJ, Puddey IB A randomized placebo controlled trial of early treatment of acute ischemic stroke with atorvastatin and irbesartan. Int J Stroke 2012, 7:104-111.
    • (2012) Int J Stroke , vol.7 , pp. 104-111
    • Beer, C.1    Blacker, D.2    Bynevelt, M.3    Hankey, G.J.4    Puddey, I.B.5
  • 74
    • 70349513257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins in acute coronary syndromes: do the guideline recommendations match the evidence?
    • Morrissey RP, Diamond GA, Kaul S Statins in acute coronary syndromes: do the guideline recommendations match the evidence?. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 54:1425-1433.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 1425-1433
    • Morrissey, R.P.1    Diamond, G.A.2    Kaul, S.3
  • 75
    • 77955316852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antihypertensive treatment after acute stroke in the Continue or Stop Post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study (COSSACS): a prospective, randomised, open, blinded-endpoint trial
    • the COSSACS Investigators
    • Robinson TG, Potter JF, Ford GA, et al. Effects of antihypertensive treatment after acute stroke in the Continue or Stop Post-Stroke Antihypertensives Collaborative Study (COSSACS): a prospective, randomised, open, blinded-endpoint trial. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:767-775. the COSSACS Investigators.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 767-775
    • Robinson, T.G.1    Potter, J.F.2    Ford, G.A.3
  • 76
    • 79952103780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan for treatment of acute stroke (SCAST): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • the SCAST Study Group
    • Sandset EC, Bath PMW, Boysen G, et al. The angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan for treatment of acute stroke (SCAST): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet 2011, 377:741-750. the SCAST Study Group.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 741-750
    • Sandset, E.C.1    Bath, P.M.W.2    Boysen, G.3
  • 78
    • 84890123786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term risk of recurrent vascular events after young stroke: the FUTURE study
    • published online June 17.
    • Rutten-Jacobs LC, Maaijwee NA, Arntz RM, et al. Long-term risk of recurrent vascular events after young stroke: the FUTURE study. Ann Neurol 2013, published online June 17. 10.1002/ana.23953.
    • (2013) Ann Neurol
    • Rutten-Jacobs, L.C.1    Maaijwee, N.A.2    Arntz, R.M.3
  • 79
  • 80
    • 84867520935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based study of capsular warning syndrome and prognosis after early recurrent TIA
    • Paul NL, Simoni M, Chandratheva A, Rothwell PM Population-based study of capsular warning syndrome and prognosis after early recurrent TIA. Neurology 2012, 79:1356-1362.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 1356-1362
    • Paul, N.L.1    Simoni, M.2    Chandratheva, A.3    Rothwell, P.M.4
  • 81
    • 84877617212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent transient ischaemic attack and early risk of stroke: data from the PROMAPA study
    • the Stroke Project of the Spanish Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group
    • Purroy F, Jiménez Caballero PE, Gorospe A, et al. Recurrent transient ischaemic attack and early risk of stroke: data from the PROMAPA study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013, 84:596-603. the Stroke Project of the Spanish Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group.
    • (2013) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.84 , pp. 596-603
    • Purroy, F.1    Jiménez Caballero, P.E.2    Gorospe, A.3
  • 82
    • 84884571233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of stroke subtype in vascular risk prediction
    • Ois A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Rodríguez-Campello A, et al. Relevance of stroke subtype in vascular risk prediction. Neurology 2013, 81:575-580.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.81 , pp. 575-580
    • Ois, A.1    Cuadrado-Godia, E.2    Rodríguez-Campello, A.3
  • 83
    • 84876286028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds and recurrent stroke risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack cohorts
    • Charidimou A, Kakar P, Fox Z, Werring DJ Cerebral microbleeds and recurrent stroke risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack cohorts. Stroke 2013, 44:995-1001.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 995-1001
    • Charidimou, A.1    Kakar, P.2    Fox, Z.3    Werring, D.J.4
  • 84
    • 77649086838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of recurrent stroke and vascular death in patients with transient ischemic attack or nondisabling stroke: a prospective comparison of validated prognostic scores
    • the German Stroke Study Collaboration
    • Weimar C, Benemann J, Michalski D, et al. Prediction of recurrent stroke and vascular death in patients with transient ischemic attack or nondisabling stroke: a prospective comparison of validated prognostic scores. Stroke 2010, 41:487-493. the German Stroke Study Collaboration.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 487-493
    • Weimar, C.1    Benemann, J.2    Michalski, D.3
  • 85
    • 84876296447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical scores for predicting recurrence after transient ischemic attack or stroke: how good are they?
    • Lemmens R, Smet S, Thijs VN Clinical scores for predicting recurrence after transient ischemic attack or stroke: how good are they?. Stroke 2013, 44:1198-1203.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1198-1203
    • Lemmens, R.1    Smet, S.2    Thijs, V.N.3
  • 86
    • 76749163232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation
    • Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010, 137:263-272.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.137 , pp. 263-272
    • Lip, G.Y.1    Nieuwlaat, R.2    Pisters, R.3    Lane, D.A.4    Crijns, H.J.5
  • 87
    • 79551645746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study
    • Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen ML, et al. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ 2011, 342:d124.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Olesen, J.B.1    Lip, G.Y.2    Hansen, M.L.3
  • 88
    • 84876862702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of stroke or systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation patients treated with warfarin: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Albertsen IE, Rasmussen LH, Overvad TF, Graungaard T, Larsen TB, Lip GY Risk of stroke or systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation patients treated with warfarin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2013, 44:1329-1336.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1329-1336
    • Albertsen, I.E.1    Rasmussen, L.H.2    Overvad, T.F.3    Graungaard, T.4    Larsen, T.B.5    Lip, G.Y.6
  • 89
    • 80955182268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 score: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial
    • the RE-LY Investigators
    • 2 score: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Ann Intern Med 2011, 155:660-667. the RE-LY Investigators.
    • (2011) Ann Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 660-667
    • Oldgren, J.1    Alings, M.2    Darius, H.3
  • 90
    • 77955872745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey
    • Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010, 138:1093-1100.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 1093-1100
    • Pisters, R.1    Lane, D.A.2    Nieuwlaat, R.3    de Vos, C.B.4    Crijns, H.J.5    Lip, G.Y.6
  • 91
    • 84864287066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which risk factors are more associated with ischemic stroke than intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation?
    • the Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network
    • McGrath ER, Kapral MK, Fang J, et al. Which risk factors are more associated with ischemic stroke than intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation?. Stroke 2012, 43:2048-2054. the Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 2048-2054
    • McGrath, E.R.1    Kapral, M.K.2    Fang, J.3
  • 92
    • 33645861080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events
    • the CHARISMA Investigators
    • Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:1706-1717. the CHARISMA Investigators.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1706-1717
    • Bhatt, D.L.1    Fox, K.A.2    Hacke, W.3
  • 93
  • 94
    • 3242770664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • the MATCH investigators
    • Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004, 364:331-337. the MATCH investigators.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 331-337
    • Diener, H.C.1    Bogousslavsky, J.2    Brass, L.M.3
  • 95
    • 84884879451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Lee M, Saver JL, Hong KS, Rao NM, Wu YL, Ovbiagele B Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013, 159:463-470.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 463-470
    • Lee, M.1    Saver, J.L.2    Hong, K.S.3    Rao, N.M.4    Wu, Y.L.5    Ovbiagele, B.6
  • 96
    • 16644396755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • CD000187.
    • Saxena R, Koudstaal PJ Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004, 4. CD000187.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4
    • Saxena, R.1    Koudstaal, P.J.2
  • 97
    • 44449091140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of oral anticoagulation compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation according to stroke risk: the atrial fibrillation clopidogrel trial with irbesartan for prevention of vascular events (ACTIVE-W)
    • Healey JS, Hart RG, Pogue J, et al. Risks and benefits of oral anticoagulation compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation according to stroke risk: the atrial fibrillation clopidogrel trial with irbesartan for prevention of vascular events (ACTIVE-W). Stroke 2008, 39:1482-1486.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 1482-1486
    • Healey, J.S.1    Hart, R.G.2    Pogue, J.3
  • 98
    • 70349306707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • the RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators
    • Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009, 361:1139-1151. the RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Ezekowitz, M.D.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 99
    • 78349313002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial
    • the RE-LY study group
    • Diener H-C, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:1157-1163. the RE-LY study group.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 1157-1163
    • Diener, H.-C.1    Connolly, S.J.2    Ezekowitz, M.D.3
  • 100
    • 80052825103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • the ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators
    • Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJV, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:981-992. the ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 981-992
    • Granger, C.B.1    Alexander, J.H.2    McMurray, J.J.V.3
  • 101
    • 79952301326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • the AVERROES Steering Committee and Investigators
    • Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C, et al. Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011, 364:806-817. the AVERROES Steering Committee and Investigators.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 806-817
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Eikelboom, J.2    Joyner, C.3
  • 102
    • 84861198376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial
    • the ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators
    • Easton JD, Lopes RD, Bahit MC, et al. Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial. Lancet Neurol 2012, 11:503-511. the ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 503-511
    • Easton, J.D.1    Lopes, R.D.2    Bahit, M.C.3
  • 103
    • 80052592404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
    • the ROCKET AF Investigators
    • Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:883-891. the ROCKET AF Investigators.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 883-891
    • Patel, M.R.1    Mahaffey, K.W.2    Garg, J.3
  • 104
    • 84858621485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of ROCKET AF
    • the ROCKET AF Steering Committee Investigators
    • Hankey GJ, Patel MR, Stevens SR, et al. Rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of ROCKET AF. Lancet Neurol 2012, 11:315-322. the ROCKET AF Steering Committee Investigators.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 315-322
    • Hankey, G.J.1    Patel, M.R.2    Stevens, S.R.3
  • 105
    • 84875720372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial
    • the WOEST study investigators
    • Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheugt FW, et al. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013, 381:1107-1115. the WOEST study investigators.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 1107-1115
    • Dewilde, W.J.1    Oirbans, T.2    Verheugt, F.W.3
  • 106
    • 84883481368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention
    • Lamberts M, Gislason GH, Olesen JB, et al. Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013, 62:981-989.
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.62 , pp. 981-989
    • Lamberts, M.1    Gislason, G.H.2    Olesen, J.B.3
  • 107
    • 77749282912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antihypertensive-drug class on interindividual variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Webb AJS, Fischer U, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM Effects of antihypertensive-drug class on interindividual variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2010, 375:906-915.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 906-915
    • Webb, A.J.S.1    Fischer, U.2    Mehta, Z.3    Rothwell, P.M.4
  • 108
    • 84881480372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial
    • the SPS3 Study Group
    • Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R, et al. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet 2013, 382:507-515. the SPS3 Study Group.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.382 , pp. 507-515
    • Benavente, O.R.1    Coffey, C.S.2    Conwit, R.3
  • 109
    • 78449281377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials
    • the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration
    • Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010, 376:1670-1681. the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1670-1681
    • Baigent, C.1    Blackwell, L.2    Emberson, J.3
  • 110
    • 65249109785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial by stroke subtypes
    • the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels Investigators
    • Amarenco P, Benavente O, Goldstein LB, et al. Results of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial by stroke subtypes. Stroke 2009, 40:1405-1409. the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels Investigators.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 1405-1409
    • Amarenco, P.1    Benavente, O.2    Goldstein, L.B.3
  • 111
    • 36448964544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial
    • the SPARCL Investigators
    • Amarenco P, Goldstein LB, Szarek M, et al. Effects of intense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial. Stroke 2007, 38:3198-3204. the SPARCL Investigators.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 3198-3204
    • Amarenco, P.1    Goldstein, L.B.2    Szarek, M.3
  • 112
    • 77955014011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study
    • the INTERSTROKE investigators
    • O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010, 376:112-123. the INTERSTROKE investigators.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 112-123
    • O'Donnell, M.J.1    Xavier, D.2    Liu, L.3
  • 113
    • 84870891572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline smoking status and the long-term risk of death or nonfatal vascular event in people with stroke: a 10-year survival analysis
    • Kim J, Gall SL, Dewey HM, Macdonell RAL, Sturm JW, Thrift AG Baseline smoking status and the long-term risk of death or nonfatal vascular event in people with stroke: a 10-year survival analysis. Stroke 2012, 43:3173-3178.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3173-3178
    • Kim, J.1    Gall, S.L.2    Dewey, H.M.3    Macdonell, R.A.L.4    Sturm, J.W.5    Thrift, A.G.6
  • 114
    • 84891791619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis
    • CD009329.
    • Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, Lancaster T Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, 5. CD009329.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.5
    • Cahill, K.1    Stevens, S.2    Perera, R.3    Lancaster, T.4
  • 115
    • 84876520844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2013, 346:f1325.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346
    • He, F.J.1    Li, J.2    Macgregor, G.A.3
  • 116
    • 83455249805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and the risk of stroke
    • Hankey GJ Nutrition and the risk of stroke. Lancet Neurol 2012, 11:66-81.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 66-81
    • Hankey, G.J.1
  • 117
    • 84872728410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance and pseudoresistance: an unintended consequence of enteric coating aspirin
    • Grosser T, Fries S, Lawson JA, Kapoor SC, Grant GR, FitzGerald GA Drug resistance and pseudoresistance: an unintended consequence of enteric coating aspirin. Circulation 2013, 127:377-385.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , pp. 377-385
    • Grosser, T.1    Fries, S.2    Lawson, J.A.3    Kapoor, S.C.4    Grant, G.R.5    FitzGerald, G.A.6
  • 119
    • 79958770159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terutroban versus aspirin in patients with cerebral ischaemic events (PERFORM): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial
    • the PERFORM Study Investigators
    • Bousser MG, Amarenco P, Chamorro A, et al. Terutroban versus aspirin in patients with cerebral ischaemic events (PERFORM): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Lancet 2011, 377:2013-2022. the PERFORM Study Investigators.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 2013-2022
    • Bousser, M.G.1    Amarenco, P.2    Chamorro, A.3
  • 120
    • 84876282305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of vorapaxar in patients with prior ischemic stroke
    • the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events-TIMI 50 Steering Committee and Investigators
    • Morrow DA, Alberts MJ, Mohr JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of vorapaxar in patients with prior ischemic stroke. Stroke 2013, 44:691-698. the Thrombin Receptor Antagonist in Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Ischemic Events-TIMI 50 Steering Committee and Investigators.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 691-698
    • Morrow, D.A.1    Alberts, M.J.2    Mohr, J.P.3
  • 121
    • 84873050213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin K antagonists versus antiplatelet therapy after transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke of presumed arterial origin
    • CD001342.
    • De Schryver EL, Algra A, Kappelle LJ, van Gijn J, Koudstaal PJ Vitamin K antagonists versus antiplatelet therapy after transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke of presumed arterial origin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012, 9. CD001342.
    • (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.9
    • De Schryver, E.L.1    Algra, A.2    Kappelle, L.J.3    van Gijn, J.4    Koudstaal, P.J.5
  • 122
    • 80055083430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net clinical benefit of adding clopidogrel to aspirin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation for whom vitamin K antagonists are unsuitable
    • the ACTIVE (Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events) Steering Committee and Investigators
    • Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Ng J, et al. Net clinical benefit of adding clopidogrel to aspirin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation for whom vitamin K antagonists are unsuitable. Ann Intern Med 2011, 155:579-586. the ACTIVE (Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events) Steering Committee and Investigators.
    • (2011) Ann Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 579-586
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Eikelboom, J.W.2    Ng, J.3
  • 123
    • 85100415918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cochrane Collaboration, (accessed Nov 27, 2013). J.P.T. Higgins, S. Green (Eds.)
    • Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0 2011, The Cochrane Collaboration, (accessed Nov 27, 2013). http://handbook.cochrane.org, J.P.T. Higgins, S. Green (Eds.).
    • (2011) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 5.1.0
  • 124
    • 84857737421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a 'real world' atrial fibrillation population: a modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study
    • Banerjee A, Lane DA, Torp-Pedersen C, Lip GY Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a 'real world' atrial fibrillation population: a modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2012, 107:584-589.
    • (2012) Thromb Haemost , vol.107 , pp. 584-589
    • Banerjee, A.1    Lane, D.A.2    Torp-Pedersen, C.3    Lip, G.Y.4
  • 125
    • 84879548455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A specific antidote for dabigatran: functional and structural characterization
    • Schiele F, van Ryn J, Canada K, et al. A specific antidote for dabigatran: functional and structural characterization. Blood 2013, 121:3554-3562.
    • (2013) Blood , vol.121 , pp. 3554-3562
    • Schiele, F.1    van Ryn, J.2    Canada, K.3
  • 126
    • 84878460192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A specific antidote for reversal of anticoagulation by direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa
    • Lu G, DeGuzman FR, Hollenbach SJ, et al. A specific antidote for reversal of anticoagulation by direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa. Nat Med 2013, 19:446-451.
    • (2013) Nat Med , vol.19 , pp. 446-451
    • Lu, G.1    DeGuzman, F.R.2    Hollenbach, S.J.3
  • 127
    • 68349151861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial
    • the PROTECT AF Investigators
    • Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG, et al. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2009, 374:534-542. the PROTECT AF Investigators.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 534-542
    • Holmes, D.R.1    Reddy, V.Y.2    Turi, Z.G.3
  • 129
    • 0035857141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent cerebrovascular events associated with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both
    • the Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm Study Group
    • Mas JL, Arquizan C, Lamy C, et al. Recurrent cerebrovascular events associated with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1740-1746. the Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm Study Group.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1740-1746
    • Mas, J.L.1    Arquizan, C.2    Lamy, C.3
  • 130
    • 84858265970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale
    • the CLOSURE I Investigators
    • Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, et al. Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. N Engl J Med 2012, 366:991-999. the CLOSURE I Investigators.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 991-999
    • Furlan, A.J.1    Reisman, M.2    Massaro, J.3
  • 131
    • 84875192540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke
    • the RESPECT Investigators
    • Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, et al. Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med 2013, 368:1092-1100. the RESPECT Investigators.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1092-1100
    • Carroll, J.D.1    Saver, J.L.2    Thaler, D.E.3
  • 132
    • 84875146281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism
    • the PC Trial Investigators
    • Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, et al. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. N Engl J Med 2013, 368:1083-1091. the PC Trial Investigators.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1083-1091
    • Meier, B.1    Kalesan, B.2    Mattle, H.P.3
  • 133
    • 84896690978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke prevention by percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • published online June 21.
    • Wolfrum M, Froehlich GM, Knapp G, et al. Stroke prevention by percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2013, published online June 21. 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304394.
    • (2013) Heart
    • Wolfrum, M.1    Froehlich, G.M.2    Knapp, G.3
  • 134
    • 84876590665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses
    • Aburto NJ, Hanson S, Gutierrez H, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 2013, 346:f1378.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346
    • Aburto, N.J.1    Hanson, S.2    Gutierrez, H.3    Hooper, L.4    Elliott, P.5    Cappuccio, F.P.6
  • 135
    • 84884292173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive approach to Lower Blood Pressure (CALM-BP): a randomized controlled trial of a multifactorial lifestyle intervention
    • Ziv A, Vogel O, Keret D, et al. Comprehensive approach to Lower Blood Pressure (CALM-BP): a randomized controlled trial of a multifactorial lifestyle intervention. J Hum Hypertens 2013, 27:594-600.
    • (2013) J Hum Hypertens , vol.27 , pp. 594-600
    • Ziv, A.1    Vogel, O.2    Keret, D.3
  • 136
    • 77749251836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension
    • Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, et al. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension. Lancet 2010, 375:895-905.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 895-905
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Howard, S.C.2    Dolan, E.3
  • 137
    • 84864286358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin therapy and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials
    • McKinney JS, Kostis WJ Statin therapy and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2012, 43:2149-2156.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 2149-2156
    • McKinney, J.S.1    Kostis, W.J.2
  • 138
    • 44949173938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study
    • the SPARCL Investigators
    • Goldstein LB, Amarenco P, Szarek M, et al. Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study. Neurology 2008, 70:2364-2370. the SPARCL Investigators.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 2364-2370
    • Goldstein, L.B.1    Amarenco, P.2    Szarek, M.3
  • 139
    • 67649144077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative and cumulative effects of lipid and blood pressure control in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels trial
    • the SPARCL Investigators
    • Amarenco P, Goldstein LB, Messig M, et al. Relative and cumulative effects of lipid and blood pressure control in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels trial. Stroke 2009, 40:2486-2492. the SPARCL Investigators.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 2486-2492
    • Amarenco, P.1    Goldstein, L.B.2    Messig, M.3
  • 140
    • 84864753387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-altering efficacy of ezetimibe plus statin and statin monotherapy and identification of factors associated with treatment response: a pooled analysis of over 21,000 subjects from 27 clinical trials
    • Morrone D, Weintraub WS, Toth PP, et al. Lipid-altering efficacy of ezetimibe plus statin and statin monotherapy and identification of factors associated with treatment response: a pooled analysis of over 21,000 subjects from 27 clinical trials. Atherosclerosis 2012, 223:251-261.
    • (2012) Atherosclerosis , vol.223 , pp. 251-261
    • Morrone, D.1    Weintraub, W.S.2    Toth, P.P.3
  • 141
    • 41649107358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • the ENHANCE Investigators
    • Kastelein JJ, Akdim F, Stroes ES, et al. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:1431-1443. the ENHANCE Investigators.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1431-1443
    • Kastelein, J.J.1    Akdim, F.2    Stroes, E.S.3
  • 142
    • 84863494422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727/SAR236553, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy: a phase 2 randomised controlled trial
    • Stein EA, Gipe D, Bergeron J, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727/SAR236553, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy: a phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012, 380:29-36.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 29-36
    • Stein, E.A.1    Gipe, D.2    Bergeron, J.3
  • 143
    • 84869220345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the Reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial
    • Raal F, Scott R, Somaratne R, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the Reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial. Circulation 2012, 126:2408-2417.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 2408-2417
    • Raal, F.1    Scott, R.2    Somaratne, R.3
  • 144
    • 84871326497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial
    • Sullivan D, Olsson AG, Scott R, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial. JAMA 2012, 308:2497-2506.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.308 , pp. 2497-2506
    • Sullivan, D.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Scott, R.3
  • 145
    • 84870045994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome
    • the dal-OUTCOMES Investigators
    • Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Abt M, et al. Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:2089-2099. the dal-OUTCOMES Investigators.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 2089-2099
    • Schwartz, G.G.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Abt, M.3
  • 146
    • 84888386774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended-release niacin therapy and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease: the Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcome (AIM-HIGH) trial
    • the AIM-HIGH Investigators
    • Teo KK, Goldstein LB, Chaitman BR, et al. Extended-release niacin therapy and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease: the Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcome (AIM-HIGH) trial. Stroke 2013, 44:2688-2693. the AIM-HIGH Investigators.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 2688-2693
    • Teo, K.K.1    Goldstein, L.B.2    Chaitman, B.R.3
  • 147
    • 84877299845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment
    • HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group
    • HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment. Eur Heart J 2013, 34:1279-1291. HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group.
    • (2013) Eur Heart J , vol.34 , pp. 1279-1291
  • 149
    • 79960959816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Boussageon R, Bejan-Angoulvant T, Saadatian-Elahi M, et al. Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011, 343:d4169.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343
    • Boussageon, R.1    Bejan-Angoulvant, T.2    Saadatian-Elahi, M.3
  • 151
    • 80051695692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect modification by population dietary folate on the association between MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of genetic studies and randomised trials
    • Holmes MV, Newcombe P, Hubacek JA, et al. Effect modification by population dietary folate on the association between MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of genetic studies and randomised trials. Lancet 2011, 378:584-594.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 584-594
    • Holmes, M.V.1    Newcombe, P.2    Hubacek, J.A.3
  • 152
    • 84870882890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B vitamins and magnetic resonance imaging-detected ischemic brain lesions in patients with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke: the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) MRI-substudy
    • the VITATOPS Trial Study Group
    • Cavalieri M, Schmidt R, Chen C, et al. B vitamins and magnetic resonance imaging-detected ischemic brain lesions in patients with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke: the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) MRI-substudy. Stroke 2012, 43:3266-3270. the VITATOPS Trial Study Group.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 3266-3270
    • Cavalieri, M.1    Schmidt, R.2    Chen, C.3
  • 153
    • 84861191434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiplatelet therapy and the effects of B vitamins in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a post-hoc subanalysis of VITATOPS, a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
    • the VITATOPS trial study group
    • Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW, Yi Q, et al. Antiplatelet therapy and the effects of B vitamins in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a post-hoc subanalysis of VITATOPS, a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2012, 11:512-520. the VITATOPS trial study group.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 512-520
    • Hankey, G.J.1    Eikelboom, J.W.2    Yi, Q.3
  • 154
    • 84866736636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin supplementation and stroke prevention
    • Hankey GJ Vitamin supplementation and stroke prevention. Stroke 2012, 43:2814-2818.
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 2814-2818
    • Hankey, G.J.1
  • 155
    • 84873344743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • the Korean Meta-Analysis Study Group
    • Myung SK, Ju W, Cho B, et al. Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013, 346:f10. the Korean Meta-Analysis Study Group.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346
    • Myung, S.K.1    Ju, W.2    Cho, B.3
  • 156
    • 49749127056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis
    • Sare GM, Gray LJ, Bath PMW Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2008, 29:2031-2041.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2031-2041
    • Sare, G.M.1    Gray, L.J.2    Bath, P.M.W.3
  • 157
    • 84868307415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial
    • Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ 2012, 345:e6409.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.345
    • Schierbeck, L.L.1    Rejnmark, L.2    Tofteng, C.L.3
  • 158
    • 34249775519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining multiple approaches for the secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke: a quantitative modeling study
    • Hackam DG, Spence JD Combining multiple approaches for the secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke: a quantitative modeling study. Stroke 2007, 38:1881-1885.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 1881-1885
    • Hackam, D.G.1    Spence, J.D.2
  • 159
    • 67650081373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociodemographic variations in the contribution of secondary drug prevention to stroke survival at middle and older ages: cohort study
    • Raine R, Wong W, Ambler G, et al. Sociodemographic variations in the contribution of secondary drug prevention to stroke survival at middle and older ages: cohort study. BMJ 2009, 338:b1279.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338
    • Raine, R.1    Wong, W.2    Ambler, G.3
  • 160
    • 77954177552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic stroke and secondary prevention in clinical practice: a cohort study of 14,529 patients in the Swedish Stroke Register
    • Asberg S, Henriksson KM, Farahmand B, et al. Ischemic stroke and secondary prevention in clinical practice: a cohort study of 14,529 patients in the Swedish Stroke Register. Stroke 2010, 41:1338-1342.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 1338-1342
    • Asberg, S.1    Henriksson, K.M.2    Farahmand, B.3
  • 161
    • 84874086027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention in patients with vascular disease. A population based study on the underuse of recommended medications
    • Béjot Y, Zeller M, Lorgis L, et al. Secondary prevention in patients with vascular disease. A population based study on the underuse of recommended medications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013, 84:348-353.
    • (2013) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.84 , pp. 348-353
    • Béjot, Y.1    Zeller, M.2    Lorgis, L.3
  • 162
    • 80555156719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary preventive medication persistence and adherence 1 year after stroke
    • the AVAIL Investigators
    • Bushnell CD, Olson DM, Zhao X, et al. Secondary preventive medication persistence and adherence 1 year after stroke. Neurology 2011, 77:1182-1190. the AVAIL Investigators.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 1182-1190
    • Bushnell, C.D.1    Olson, D.M.2    Zhao, X.3
  • 163
    • 77449130241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent use of secondary preventive drugs declines rapidly during the first 2 years after stroke
    • Glader EL, Sjölander M, Eriksson M, Lundberg M Persistent use of secondary preventive drugs declines rapidly during the first 2 years after stroke. Stroke 2010, 41:397-401.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 397-401
    • Glader, E.L.1    Sjölander, M.2    Eriksson, M.3    Lundberg, M.4
  • 164
    • 80053563341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE Study): a prospective epidemiological survey
    • the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study Investigators
    • Yusuf S, Islam S, Chow CK, et al. Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE Study): a prospective epidemiological survey. Lancet 2011, 378:1231-1243. the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study Investigators.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 1231-1243
    • Yusuf, S.1    Islam, S.2    Chow, C.K.3
  • 165
    • 84876299685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among individuals with cardiovascular disease in high-, middle- and low-income countries: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
    • the PURE Investigators
    • Teo K, Lear S, Islam S, et al. Prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among individuals with cardiovascular disease in high-, middle- and low-income countries: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. JAMA 2013, 309:1613-1621. the PURE Investigators.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , pp. 1613-1621
    • Teo, K.1    Lear, S.2    Islam, S.3
  • 168
    • 37649007680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-hospital initiation of secondary prevention is associated with improved vascular outcomes at 3 months
    • Rahiman A, Saver JL, Porter V, et al. In-hospital initiation of secondary prevention is associated with improved vascular outcomes at 3 months. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2008, 17:5-8.
    • (2008) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.17 , pp. 5-8
    • Rahiman, A.1    Saver, J.L.2    Porter, V.3
  • 169
    • 61549138086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated care improves risk-factor modification after stroke: initial results of the Integrated Care for the Reduction of Secondary Stroke model
    • Joubert J, Reid C, Barton D, et al. Integrated care improves risk-factor modification after stroke: initial results of the Integrated Care for the Reduction of Secondary Stroke model. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009, 80:279-284.
    • (2009) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.80 , pp. 279-284
    • Joubert, J.1    Reid, C.2    Barton, D.3
  • 170
    • 80053200692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing recurrence of thromboembolic events through coordinated treatment in the District of Columbia
    • Dromerick AW, Gibbons MC, Edwards DF, et al. Preventing recurrence of thromboembolic events through coordinated treatment in the District of Columbia. Int J Stroke 2011, 6:454-460.
    • (2011) Int J Stroke , vol.6 , pp. 454-460
    • Dromerick, A.W.1    Gibbons, M.C.2    Edwards, D.F.3
  • 171
    • 84864293328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer education for secondary stroke prevention in inner-city minorities: design and methods of the prevent recurrence of all inner-city strokes through education randomized controlled trial
    • Goldfinger JZ, Kronish IM, Fei K, et al. Peer education for secondary stroke prevention in inner-city minorities: design and methods of the prevent recurrence of all inner-city strokes through education randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2012, 33:1065-1073.
    • (2012) Contemp Clin Trials , vol.33 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Goldfinger, J.Z.1    Kronish, I.M.2    Fei, K.3
  • 172
    • 84872977032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to hospital discharge medication in patients with ischemic stroke: a prospective, interventional 2-phase study
    • Hohmann C, Neumann-Haefelin T, Klotz JM, Freidank A, Radziwill R Adherence to hospital discharge medication in patients with ischemic stroke: a prospective, interventional 2-phase study. Stroke 2013, 44:522-524.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 522-524
    • Hohmann, C.1    Neumann-Haefelin, T.2    Klotz, J.M.3    Freidank, A.4    Radziwill, R.5
  • 173
    • 84888197062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving adherence to medication in stroke survivors: a pilot randomised controlled trial
    • published online May 14.
    • O'Carroll RE, Chambers JA, Dennis M, Sudlow C, Johnston M Improving adherence to medication in stroke survivors: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Ann Behav Med 2013, published online May 14. 10.1007/s12160-013-9515-5.
    • (2013) Ann Behav Med
    • O'Carroll, R.E.1    Chambers, J.A.2    Dennis, M.3    Sudlow, C.4    Johnston, M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.