Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  Sandercock, Peter A G ^a   Counsell, Carl ^b   Gubitz, Gordon J ^c   Tseng, Mei Chiun ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^c DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d NATIONAL SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Brain ischemia drug therapy; prevention control ; Humans; Platelet aggregation inhibitors *therapeutic use ; Randomized controlled trials as topic; Risk; Stroke *drug therapy; prevention control

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DEFIBROTIDE; DIPYRIDAMOLE; FIBRINOGEN; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HEPARIN; IODINE 125; OZAGREL; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PIRACETAM; PLACEBO; PROSTACYCLIN; STREPTOKINASE; THROMBOXANE A2 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; THROMBOXANE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; TICLOPIDINE;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; BLEEDING; BLEEDING DISORDER; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DATA ANALYSIS; DATA EXTRACTION; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG SAFETY; EMBASE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIVER FAILURE; LONG TERM CARE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG EMBOLISM; MEDLINE; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; QUALITY CONTROL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; WALKING DIFFICULTY;

EID: 55049088204     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000029.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Abciximab 2000 {published data only} The Abciximab in Ischemic Stroke Investigators. Abciximab in acute ischemic stroke. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study. Stroke 2000;31:601-9. [: 2000089397]
2. AbESTT 2005 {published data only} Abciximab Emergent Stroke Treatment Trial (AbESTT) Investigators. Emergency administration of abciximab for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results of a randomized phase 2 trial. Stroke 2005;36:880-90.
3. AbESTT-II/C 2008 {published data only} Adams HP Jr, Effron MB, Torner J, Davalos A, Frayne J, Teal P, et al.Emergency administration of abciximab for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke: results of an international phase III trial: Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial (AbESTT-II). Stroke 2008;39:87-99.
4. AbESTT-II/P 2008 {published data only} Adams HP Jr, Effron MB, Torner J, Davalos A, Frayne J, Teal P, et al.Emergency administration of abciximab for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke: results of an international phase III trial: Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial (AbESTT-II). Stroke 2008;39:87-99.
5. AbESTT-II/W2008 {published data only} Adams HP Jr, Effron MB, Torner J, Davalos A, Frayne J, Teal P, et al.Emergency administration of abciximab for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke: results of an international phase III trial: Abciximab in Emergency Treatment of Stroke Trial (AbESTT-II). Stroke 2008;39:87-99.
6. CAST 1997 {published and unpublished data} CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1997;349:1641-9.
7. Ciufetti 1990 {published and unpublished data} Ciuffetti G, Aisa G, Mercuri M, Lombardini R, Paltriccia R, Neri C, et al.Effects of ticlopidine on the neurologic outcome and the hemorheologic pattern in the postacute phase of ischemic stroke: a pilot study. Angiology 1990;41:505-11.
8. IST 1997 {published and unpublished data} International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group. The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1997;349:1569-81.
9. MAST-I 1995 {published and unpublished data} Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial-Italy (MAST-I) Group. Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1995;346:1509-14.
10. Ohtomo 1991 {published data only} Ohtomo E, Kutsuzawa T, Kogure K, Hirai S, Goto F, Terashi Am Tazaki Y, et al.Clinical usefulness of OKY-046 on the acute stage of cerebral thrombosis - double blind trial in comparison with placebo. Rinsho Iyaku (Journal of Clinical Therapeutics and Medicine) 1991;7:353-88.
11. Pince 1981 {unpublished data only} Pince J. Thromboses veineuses des membres inferieures et embolies pulmonaires au cours des accidents vasculaires cerebraux. A propos d'un essai comparatif de traitment preventif. (These pour le doctorat d'etat en medicine). Toulouse: Universite Paul Sabatier, 1981.
12. Rödén-Jüllig 2003 {published data only} Rödén-Jüllig Å, Britton M, Malmkvist K, Leijd B. Aspirin in the prevention of progressing stroke: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Internal Medicine 2003;254:584-90.
13. Turpie 1983 {unpublished data only} Turpie AGG, Dobkin B, McKenna R. A trial of ticlopidine, an antiplatelet agent, for acute cerebral infarction. Guildford: Sanofi Winthrop (Sanofi internal report 1983.001.6.188) 1983.
14. Utsumi 1988 {unpublished data only} Utsumi H. Evaluation of utility of ticlopidine, an antiplatelet agent, for acute cerebral infarction. Guildford: Sanofi Winthrop (Sanofi internal report 001.6.128) 1984.
15. Aoki 2000 {unpublished data only} Aoki T. Prolonged administration of ticlopidine to cerebral infarction. Unpublished. [: Cochrane Stroke Group specialised register 3461]
16. APLAUD 2000 {published data only} Harrington RA, Armstrong PW, et al for the Anti-PLAtelet Useful Dose (APLAUD) Study Investigators. Dose-finding, safety, and tolerability study of an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, lotrafiban, in patients with coronary or cerebral atherosclerotic disease. Circulation 2000;102:728-35. [MEDLINE: 20402310]
17. Apollonia 1989 {published data only} Apollonia A, Castignani P, Magrini L, Angeletti R. Ticlopidine-pentoxiphylline combination in the treatment of atherosclerosis and the prevention of cerebrovascular accidents. Journal of International Medical Research 1989;17:28- 35.
18. Balkuv-Ulutin 1989 {published data only} Balkuv-Ulutin S, Hacihanifioglu M, Ulutin UN. Clinical and laboratory results obtained with defibrotide in the case of acute stroke. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1989;62:585.
19. BRAVO 2000 {published data only} Topol EJ, Easton JD, Amarenco P, Califf R, Harrington R, Graffagnino C, et al.Design of the blockade of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion (BRAVO) trial. American Heart Journal 2000;139:927-33. [MEDLINE: 20287265]
20. Chen 1988 {published data only} Chen J, Ye M, Wei J. Hemorrheological study on the effect of acupuncture in treating cerebral infarction. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1988;8:167-72. [: Cochrane Stroke Group Specialised Register 4731]
21. CLEAR trial {published data only} Pancioli A, for the CLEAR Trial Investigators. The combined approach to lysis utilizing eptifibatide and rt-PA in acute ischemic stroke (the CLEAR stroke trial): blinded results from tier I and II. Proceedings of the International Stroke Conference; 2006 February 16-18; Kissimmee (FL), USA. 2006:(Abstract CTP17). Pancioli AM, Broderick JP, the CLEAR Stroke Trial Investigators. The combined approach to lysis utilizing eptifibatide and rt-PA in acute ischemic stroke (The CLEAR Stroke Trial). Proceedings of the 29th International Stroke Conference; 2004 February 5-7; San Diego (CA), USA. 2004:(Abstract CTP16).
22. D'Andrea 1993 {published data only} D'Andrea G, Cananzi AR, Alecci M, Perini F, Zamberlan F, Milone FF. Study of effect of picotamide, ASA, and picotamide plus ASA on platelet aggregation in ischemic stroke. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1993;20 Suppl 4:s23.
23. D'Andrea G, Perini F, Hasselmark L, Alecci M, Cananzi AR. Effect of picotamide and aspirin, combined or alone, on platelet aggregation in patients with cerebral infarction. Functional Neurology 1995;10:91-8.
24. FASTER 2007 {published data only} Kennedy J, Hill MD, Ryckborst KJ, Eliasziw M, Demchuk AM, Buchan AM, et al.Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial. Lancet Neurology 2007;6:961-9.
25. Gao 1989 {published data only} Gao B, Hu ZX, Li CM. The effect of ligustrazine, aspirin and betahistine on the platelet aggregation of ischemic stroke patients. Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 1989;22:148-51. [: Cn-00280553]
26. Garcia Tigera 1994 {published data only} Garcia Tigera J, Martinez Dreke R. Levamisol, a new treatment for cerebral infarction [Abstract]. Journal of Neurology 1994;241 Suppl 1:S162.
27. Hakim 1984 {published data only} Hakim AM, Pokrupa RP, Wolfe LS. Preliminary report on the effectiveness of prostacyclin in stroke. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1984;11:409.
28. Iida 1984 {unpublished data only} Iida N. Clinical experience with ticlopidine in patients with cerebral infarction. Unpublished data 1984.
29. Joseph 1989 {published data only} Joseph R, Welch KM, D'Andrea G. Effect of therapy on platelet activation factor induced aggregation in acute stroke. Stroke 1989;20:609-11.
30. Junghans 2002 {published data only} Junghans U, Seitz R, Wittsack H, Fink GR, Freund H, Siebler M. Ischaemic brain tissue salvaged by infarction by the GP IIb/IIa platelet antagonist tirofiban. Neurology 2002;58:474-6.
31. Kamath 2001 {published data only} Kamath S, Lip GY. YM-337 Yamanouchi. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs 2001;2:1093- 6.
32. Kaye 1989 {unpublished data only} Kaye J. A trial to evaluate the relative roles of dipyridamole and aspirin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in stroke patients. Brackness (UK): Boehringer Ingelheim (Internal report trial no. CT 330/189) 1989.
33. Lecrubier 1977 {published data only} Lecrubier C, Conard J, Samama M, Bousser M-G. Randomised trial of a new platelet anti-aggregant agent: ticlopidine. Therapie 1977;32:189-94.
34. Li 1999 {published data only} Li SH, Li DY, Wang YJ, Guo H, Cheng CY, Zhao J. Study of optimal aspirin loading and maintaining dosage for cerebral infarction at acute stage. Chinese Journal of Neurology 1999;32:302. [: Cn-00282304]
35. Liu 1994 {published data only} Liu X, Li X, Miao L, Wang Q, Bao L. Therapeutic observation and biochemical study of calcium antagonist and anti-thromboxane A2 activity in acute ischaemic stroke. Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases 1994;11:72-4.
36. Monreal 1987 {published data only} Monreal M, Lafoz E, Foz M, Monasterio J. Aspirin and the kidney in patients with cerebral ischemia. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1987;58:548.
37. Seitz 2004 {published data only} Seitz RJ, Meisel S, Moll M, Wittsack H-J, Junghans U, Siebler M. The effect of combined thrombolysis with rtPA and tirofiban on ischemic brain lesions. Neurology 2004;62:2110-2.
38. Siebler 2003 {published data only} Siebler M. Cerebral microembolism is blocked by tirofiban, a selective nonpeptide platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. Circulation 2003;107:2717-21.
39. TACS 2000 {unpublished data only} Marini C, Rothwell P, Di Orio F, Maragliano E. Efficacy and safety of ticlopidine and aspirin versus aspirin alone in the prevention of vascular events after cerebral ischaemia. Unpublished 2000.
40. Wu 2005 {published and unpublished data} Bo W, Ming L, Song T. A randomized controlled trial of ligustrazine for acute ischemic stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2005;238 Suppl 1:S415.
41. Zhang 2005 {published data only} Zhang D, Zhu S, Cui G, Li Y, Zhang H, Xia Z, Ren W. Clinical study of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium and aspirin therapy on acute cerebral infarction. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal 2005;40:634-6.
42. ARTIS 2007 {unpublished data only} Nijs SAA, Roos YBW. Antiplatelet therapy in combination with recombinant t-PA thrombolysis in ischemic stroke - the ARTIS study. Proceedings of 2007 International Stroke Conference; 2007 February 7-9; San Francisco (CA), USA. 2007:(CT P42).
43. Cheung 2000 {published data only} Cheung RTF, Ho DSW. Fatal hemorrhagic transformation of acute cerebral infarction after the use of abciximab. Stroke 2000;31:2518-9. [: 2000348627]
44. Matsumoto 2005 {published data only} Matsumoto Y. Comparison of the effects between ozagrel Na combined with cilostazol and ozagrel Na alone for acute phase ischemic stroke in the territory of perforating arteries of the MCA: a randomized open trial. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry. center. umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi (accessed 8 August 2007).
45. SaTIS 2006 {published data only} Siebler M, Fiebach K, Hamann GF, Hennerici M, Junghans U. Safety of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke (SaTIS). Stroke 2003;34:e1.
46. The SaTIS Investigators. Safety of Tirofiban in acute Ischemic Stroke (SaTIS). Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006;21 Suppl 4:60 (Abstract 4).
47. ATC 1994a Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.
48. ATC 1994b Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - III: Reduction in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. BMJ 1994;308:235-46.
49. ATC 2002 Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in high-risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86.
50. Bamford 1989 Bamford J, Sandercock P,Warlow C, Slattery J. Inter-observer agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 1989; 20:8.
51. Bath 2004a Bath PMW. Prostacyclin and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. [Art. No.: CD000177. DOI: 10.1002/14651858]
52. Bath 2004b Bath PMW, Bath-Hextall FJ. Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. [Art. No.: CD000162. DOI: 10.1002/14651858]
53. Candelise 1994 Candelise L, Pinardi G, Aritzu E, Musicco M. Telephone interview for stroke outcome assessment. Cerebrovascular Diseases 1994;4:341-3.
54. Chen 2000 Chen ZM, Sandercock P, Pan HC, Counsell C, Collins R, Liu LS, et al.Indications for early aspirin use in acute ischemic stroke: a combined analysis of 40,000 randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial. On behalf of the CAST and IST Collaborative Groups. Stroke 2000;31:1240-9.
55. Collins 1996 Collins R, MacMahon S, Flather M, Baigent C, Remviq L, Mortensen S, et al.Clinical effects of anticoagulant therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ 1996;313:652-9.
56. CSS 2006 Canadian Stroke Network and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for Stroke Care: 2006. www.canadianstrokestrategy.ca/eng/home.html (accessed 14 Jan 2008).
57. Dalen 2006 Dalen JE. Aspirin to prevent heart attack and stroke: what's the right dose?. The American Journal of Medicine 2006;119:198-202.
58. Davenport 1996 Davenport R, Dennis M, Wellwood I, Warlow C. Complications after acute stroke. Stroke 1996;27:415-20.
59. Dennis 1997 Dennis M, Wellwood I, Warlow C. Are simple questions a valid measure of outcome after stroke?. Cerebrovascular Diseases 1997;7:22-7.
60. EUSI 2003 The European Stroke Initiative Executive Committee and the EUSI Writing Committee. European Stroke Initiative Recommendation for Stroke Management Update 2003. Cerebrovascular Diseases 2003; Vol. 16:311-37.
61. IST 1996 International Stroke Trial Pilot Study Collaborative Group. Study design of the International Stroke Trial (IST), baseline data and outcome in 984 randomised patients in the pilot study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1996;60:371-6.
62. Kunz 2007 Kunz R, Vist G, Oxman AD. Randomisation to protect against selection bias in healthcare trials. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. [Art. No.: MR000012. DOI: 10.1002/14651858]
63. MedStrategy 1995 Dick E. Stroke: A focus of opportunity. St. Louis, USA: MedStrategy, 1995.
64. Murray 1997 Murray C, Lopez A. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1269-76.
65. NINDS 1995 The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischaemic Stroke. New England Journal of Medicine 1995;333:1581-7.
66. Patrono 1994 Patrono C. Aspirin as an antiplatelet drug. New England Journal of Medicine 1994;330:1287-94.
67. Patrono 1998 Patrono C, Coller B, Dalen JE, Fuster V, Gent M, Harker LA, et al.Platelet-active drugs: the relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects. Chest 1998;114:470S-88S.
68. RCP Guideline 2004 Royal College of Physicians. National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke, 2nd edition 2004. www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/stroke/ (accessed 1 August 2007).
69. Ricci 2006 Ricci S, Celani MG, Cantisani AT, Righetti E. Piracetam for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. [Art. No.: CD000419. DOI: 10.1002/14651858]
70. SUTC 2001 Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. [Art. No.: CD000197. DOI: 10.1002/14651858]
71. US Guideline 2007 Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Brass L, Furlan A, et al.Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2007;38:1655-711.
72. van Gijn 1992 van Gijn J. Aspirin: dose and indications in modern stroke prevention. Neurologic Clinics 1992;10:193-209.
73. van Kooten 1994 van Kooten F, Ciabattone G, Patrono C, Schmitz PI, van Gijn J, Koudstaal PJ. Evidence for episodic platelet activation in acute ischaemic stroke. Stroke 1994;25:278-81.
74. van Kooten 1997 van Kooten F, Ciabattoni G, Patrono C, Dippel DW, Koudstaal PJ. Platelet activation and lipid peroxidation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Stroke 1997;28:1557-63.
75. Vorchheimer 1999 Vorchheimer DA, Badimon JJ, Fuster V. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists in cardiovascular disease. JAMA 1999;281:1407-14.
76. Wardlaw 2003 Wardlaw JM, del Zoppo G, Yamaguchi T, Berge E. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 3. [DOI: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000213]
77. Warlow 2001 Warlow C. Stroke, transient ischaemic attacks, and intracranial venous thrombosis. In: Donaghy M editor(s). Brain's diseases of the nervous system. 11th Edition. Oxford University Press, 2001:775-896.
78. Sandercock 2003 Sandercock P, Gubitz G, Foley P, Counsell C. Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 2. [Art. No.: CD000029. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000029]