메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 242-265

Complex regional pain syndrome: A comprehensive and critical review

Author keywords

CRPS; Inflammation; Neuropathy

Indexed keywords

BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CYTOKINE; NEUROPEPTIDE;

EID: 84891828566     PISSN: 15689972     EISSN: 18730183     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (153)

References (441)
  • 1
    • 34249844908 scopus 로고
    • Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves
    • [2007, reprinted from Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves; Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1864:1100-1111]
    • Mitchell S.W., Morehouse G.R., Keen W.W. Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1864, 458:35-39. [2007, reprinted from Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves; Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1864:1100-1111].
    • (1864) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.458 , pp. 35-39
    • Mitchell, S.W.1    Morehouse, G.R.2    Keen, W.W.3
  • 2
    • 23944449323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On acute inflammatory bone atrophy
    • [first published in Archiv für klinische Chirurgie 462:147-456, 1900]
    • Sudeck P. On acute inflammatory bone atrophy. J Hand Surg Br 2005, 30:477-481. [first published in Archiv für klinische Chirurgie 462:147-456, 1900].
    • (2005) J Hand Surg Br , vol.30 , pp. 477-481
    • Sudeck, P.1
  • 3
    • 84911583161 scopus 로고
    • Über die akute (trophoneurotische) Knochenatrophie nach Entzündungen und Traumen der Extremitäten [Acute (trophoneurotic) osseous atrophy after inflammation and traumas of the extremities]
    • Sudeck P. Über die akute (trophoneurotische) Knochenatrophie nach Entzündungen und Traumen der Extremitäten [Acute (trophoneurotic) osseous atrophy after inflammation and traumas of the extremities]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1902, 28:336-338.
    • (1902) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.28 , pp. 336-338
    • Sudeck, P.1
  • 4
    • 0001736050 scopus 로고
    • De la causalgie envisagée comme une névrite du sympathique et de son traitement par la dénudation et l'excision des plexus nerveux péri-artériels
    • Lériche R. De la causalgie envisagée comme une névrite du sympathique et de son traitement par la dénudation et l'excision des plexus nerveux péri-artériels. Presse Med 1916, 24:178-180.
    • (1916) Presse Med , vol.24 , pp. 178-180
    • Lériche, R.1
  • 5
    • 84876032898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome acceptance and the alternative denominations in the medical literature
    • Todorova J., Dantchev N., Petrova G. Complex regional pain syndrome acceptance and the alternative denominations in the medical literature. Med Princ Pract 2012, 22:295-300.
    • (2012) Med Princ Pract , vol.22 , pp. 295-300
    • Todorova, J.1    Dantchev, N.2    Petrova, G.3
  • 6
    • 0004189663 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Evans J.A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1946, 82:36-43.
    • (1946) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.82 , pp. 36-43
    • Evans, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 0031920170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IASP diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome: a preliminary empirical validation study. International Association for the Study of Pain
    • Galer B.S., Bruehl S., Harden R.N. IASP diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome: a preliminary empirical validation study. International Association for the Study of Pain. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:48-54.
    • (1998) Clin J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 48-54
    • Galer, B.S.1    Bruehl, S.2    Harden, R.N.3
  • 11
    • 0032954613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and proposed research diagnostic criteria. International Association for the Study of Pain
    • Bruehl S., Harden R.N., Galer B.S., Saltz S., Bertram M., Backonja M., et al. External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and proposed research diagnostic criteria. International Association for the Study of Pain. Pain 1999, 81:147-154.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.81 , pp. 147-154
    • Bruehl, S.1    Harden, R.N.2    Galer, B.S.3    Saltz, S.4    Bertram, M.5    Backonja, M.6
  • 12
    • 0032869925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome: are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive?
    • Harden R.N., Bruehl S., Galer B.S., Saltz S., Bertram M., Backonja M., et al. Complex regional pain syndrome: are the IASP diagnostic criteria valid and sufficiently comprehensive?. Pain 1999, 83:211-219.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.83 , pp. 211-219
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.2    Galer, B.S.3    Saltz, S.4    Bertram, M.5    Backonja, M.6
  • 13
    • 77955307043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of comprehensive diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome in the Japanese population
    • Sumitani M., Shibata M., Sakaue G., Mashimo T. Development of comprehensive diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome in the Japanese population. Pain 2010, 150:243-249.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.150 , pp. 243-249
    • Sumitani, M.1    Shibata, M.2    Sakaue, G.3    Mashimo, T.4
  • 14
    • 0036147319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome: are there distinct subtypes and sequential stages of the syndrome?
    • Bruehl S., Harden R.N., Galer B.S., Saltz S., Backonja M., Stanton-Hicks M. Complex regional pain syndrome: are there distinct subtypes and sequential stages of the syndrome?. Pain 2002, 95:119-124.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.95 , pp. 119-124
    • Bruehl, S.1    Harden, R.N.2    Galer, B.S.3    Saltz, S.4    Backonja, M.5    Stanton-Hicks, M.6
  • 15
    • 34548336946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for CRPS I: differences between patient profiles using three different diagnostic sets
    • Perez R.S., Collins S., Marinus J., Zuurmond W.W., de Lange J.J. Diagnostic criteria for CRPS I: differences between patient profiles using three different diagnostic sets. Eur J Pain 2007, 11:895-902.
    • (2007) Eur J Pain , vol.11 , pp. 895-902
    • Perez, R.S.1    Collins, S.2    Marinus, J.3    Zuurmond, W.W.4    de Lange, J.J.5
  • 17
    • 0027443346 scopus 로고
    • Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients
    • Veldman P.H., Reynen H.M., Arntz I.E., Goris R.J. Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 1993, 342:1012-1016.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1012-1016
    • Veldman, P.H.1    Reynen, H.M.2    Arntz, I.E.3    Goris, R.J.4
  • 18
    • 84861195057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and medical parameters in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1): prospective study on 596 patients with a fracture
    • Beerthuizen A., Stronks D.L., Van't Spijker A., Yaksh A., Hanraets B.M., Klein J., et al. Demographic and medical parameters in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1): prospective study on 596 patients with a fracture. Pain 2012, 153:1187-1192.
    • (2012) Pain , vol.153 , pp. 1187-1192
    • Beerthuizen, A.1    Stronks, D.L.2    Van't Spijker, A.3    Yaksh, A.4    Hanraets, B.M.5    Klein, J.6
  • 20
    • 33645500255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria: the statistical derivation of the four criterion factors
    • IASP Press, Seattle, WA, P.R. Wilson, M. Stanton-Hicks, R.N. Harden (Eds.)
    • Harden R.N., Bruehl S. Diagnostic criteria: the statistical derivation of the four criterion factors. CRPS: current diagnosis and therapy 2005, 45-58. IASP Press, Seattle, WA. P.R. Wilson, M. Stanton-Hicks, R.N. Harden (Eds.).
    • (2005) CRPS: current diagnosis and therapy , pp. 45-58
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.2
  • 21
    • 77955303527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the "Budapest Criteria") for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
    • Harden R.N., Bruehl S., Perez R.S., Birklein F., Marinus J., Maihofner C., et al. Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the "Budapest Criteria") for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain 2010, 150:268-274.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.150 , pp. 268-274
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.2    Perez, R.S.3    Birklein, F.4    Marinus, J.5    Maihofner, C.6
  • 22
    • 84858753127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences and genomics in autoimmune diseases
    • Amur S., Parekh A., Mummaneni P. Sex differences and genomics in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2012, 38:J254-J265.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.38
    • Amur, S.1    Parekh, A.2    Mummaneni, P.3
  • 23
    • 84875961146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural autoantibodies in the physiology and pathophysiology of the immune system
    • Avrameas S., Selmi C. Natural autoantibodies in the physiology and pathophysiology of the immune system. J Autoimmun 2013, 41:46-49.
    • (2013) J Autoimmun , vol.41 , pp. 46-49
    • Avrameas, S.1    Selmi, C.2
  • 24
    • 84870240481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based laboratory medicine (EBLM) in autoimmunity
    • Bizzaro N. Evidence-based laboratory medicine (EBLM) in autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2012, 12:87-88.
    • (2012) Autoimmun Rev , vol.12 , pp. 87-88
    • Bizzaro, N.1
  • 25
    • 84881374695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical and immunological significance of GAD-specific autoantibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes
    • Boettler T., Pagni P.P., Jaffe R., Cheng Y., Zerhouni P., von Herrath M. The clinical and immunological significance of GAD-specific autoantibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2013, 44:40-48.
    • (2013) J Autoimmun , vol.44 , pp. 40-48
    • Boettler, T.1    Pagni, P.P.2    Jaffe, R.3    Cheng, Y.4    Zerhouni, P.5    von Herrath, M.6
  • 26
    • 84858752749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autoimmune bases of infertility and pregnancy loss
    • Carp H.J., Selmi C., Shoenfeld Y. The autoimmune bases of infertility and pregnancy loss. J Autoimmun 2012, 38:J266-J274.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.38
    • Carp, H.J.1    Selmi, C.2    Shoenfeld, Y.3
  • 27
    • 84862804191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal autoimmune diseases: a critical review
    • Chang C. Neonatal autoimmune diseases: a critical review. J Autoimmun 2012, 38:J223-J238.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.38
    • Chang, C.1
  • 28
    • 84887993202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
    • Cutolo M. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. Autoimmun Rev 2014, 13:85-89.
    • (2014) Autoimmun Rev , vol.13 , pp. 85-89
    • Cutolo, M.1
  • 29
    • 84881152184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celiac disease and autoimmunity: review and controversies
    • Denham J.M., Hill I.D. Celiac disease and autoimmunity: review and controversies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013, 13:347-353.
    • (2013) Curr Allergy Asthma Rep , vol.13 , pp. 347-353
    • Denham, J.M.1    Hill, I.D.2
  • 30
    • 84881546490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic sclerosis at the crossroad of polyautoimmunity
    • Elhai M., Avouac J., Kahan A., Allanore Y. Systemic sclerosis at the crossroad of polyautoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2013, 12:1052-1057.
    • (2013) Autoimmun Rev , vol.12 , pp. 1052-1057
    • Elhai, M.1    Avouac, J.2    Kahan, A.3    Allanore, Y.4
  • 31
    • 84884289195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion and prevention of autoimmune disease by CD8+ T cells
    • Gravano D.M., Hoyer K.K. Promotion and prevention of autoimmune disease by CD8+ T cells. J Autoimmun 2013, 45:68-79.
    • (2013) J Autoimmun , vol.45 , pp. 68-79
    • Gravano, D.M.1    Hoyer, K.K.2
  • 32
    • 84863997661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and gene-environment interactions and risk of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Karlson E.W., Deane K. Environmental and gene-environment interactions and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012, 38:405-426.
    • (2012) Rheum Dis Clin North Am , vol.38 , pp. 405-426
    • Karlson, E.W.1    Deane, K.2
  • 33
    • 84875953107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic sclerosis: genetics and epigenetics
    • Luo Y., Wang Y., Wang Q., Xiao R., Lu Q. Systemic sclerosis: genetics and epigenetics. J Autoimmun 2013, 41:161-167.
    • (2013) J Autoimmun , vol.41 , pp. 161-167
    • Luo, Y.1    Wang, Y.2    Wang, Q.3    Xiao, R.4    Lu, Q.5
  • 34
    • 84866872339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic evaluation of patients with potential adult-onset autoinflammatory disorders: our experience and review of the literature
    • Muscari I., Iacoponi F., Cantarini L., Lucherini O.M., Simonini G., Brizi M.G., et al. The diagnostic evaluation of patients with potential adult-onset autoinflammatory disorders: our experience and review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 2012, 12:10-13.
    • (2012) Autoimmun Rev , vol.12 , pp. 10-13
    • Muscari, I.1    Iacoponi, F.2    Cantarini, L.3    Lucherini, O.M.4    Simonini, G.5    Brizi, M.G.6
  • 35
    • 84884281404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using EAE to better understand principles of immune function and autoimmune pathology
    • Rangachari M., Kuchroo V.K. Using EAE to better understand principles of immune function and autoimmune pathology. J Autoimmun 2013, 45:31-39.
    • (2013) J Autoimmun , vol.45 , pp. 31-39
    • Rangachari, M.1    Kuchroo, V.K.2
  • 36
    • 84871640897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term marriage between autoimmunity and internal medicine: a homage to Manuel Carlos Dias
    • Selmi C., Gershwin M.E. The long-term marriage between autoimmunity and internal medicine: a homage to Manuel Carlos Dias. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012, 43:207-210.
    • (2012) Clin Rev Allergy Immunol , vol.43 , pp. 207-210
    • Selmi, C.1    Gershwin, M.E.2
  • 37
    • 84869863290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of environmental influence on human autoimmunity: a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences expert panel workshop
    • Selmi C., Leung P.S., Sherr D.H., Diaz M., Nyland J.F., Monestier M., et al. Mechanisms of environmental influence on human autoimmunity: a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences expert panel workshop. J Autoimmun 2012, 39:272-284.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.39 , pp. 272-284
    • Selmi, C.1    Leung, P.S.2    Sherr, D.H.3    Diaz, M.4    Nyland, J.F.5    Monestier, M.6
  • 38
    • 84861684753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sjogren's syndrome: an update on clinical, basic and diagnostic therapeutic aspects
    • Tzioufas A.G., Vlachoyiannopoulos P.G. Sjogren's syndrome: an update on clinical, basic and diagnostic therapeutic aspects. J Autoimmun 2012, 39:1-3.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.39 , pp. 1-3
    • Tzioufas, A.G.1    Vlachoyiannopoulos, P.G.2
  • 39
    • 84862490927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome: what we know and what we should learn
    • Tzioufas A.G., Kapsogeorgou E.K., Moutsopoulos H.M. Pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome: what we know and what we should learn. J Autoimmun 2012, 39:4-8.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.39 , pp. 4-8
    • Tzioufas, A.G.1    Kapsogeorgou, E.K.2    Moutsopoulos, H.M.3
  • 41
    • 84865362587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory NK cells in autoimmune disease
    • Tian Z., Gershwin M.E., Zhang C. Regulatory NK cells in autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2012, 39:206-215.
    • (2012) J Autoimmun , vol.39 , pp. 206-215
    • Tian, Z.1    Gershwin, M.E.2    Zhang, C.3
  • 42
    • 84874517239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome: practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines, 4th edition
    • Harden R.N., Oaklander A.L., Burton A.W., Perez R.S., Richardson K., Swan M., et al. Complex regional pain syndrome: practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines, 4th edition. Pain Med 2013, 14:180-229.
    • (2013) Pain Med , vol.14 , pp. 180-229
    • Harden, R.N.1    Oaklander, A.L.2    Burton, A.W.3    Perez, R.S.4    Richardson, K.5    Swan, M.6
  • 43
    • 0029975682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD) or peripheral mononeuropathy? A discussion of three cases
    • Thimineur M.A., Saberski L. Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD) or peripheral mononeuropathy? A discussion of three cases. Clin J Pain 1996, 12:145-150.
    • (1996) Clin J Pain , vol.12 , pp. 145-150
    • Thimineur, M.A.1    Saberski, L.2
  • 45
    • 84873621346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of qualitative bone scintigraphy results with presence of clinical complex regional pain syndrome 1: meta-analysis of test accuracy studies
    • Ringer R., Wertli M., Bachmann L.M., Buck F.M., Brunner F. Concordance of qualitative bone scintigraphy results with presence of clinical complex regional pain syndrome 1: meta-analysis of test accuracy studies. Eur J Pain 2012, 16:1347-1356.
    • (2012) Eur J Pain , vol.16 , pp. 1347-1356
    • Ringer, R.1    Wertli, M.2    Bachmann, L.M.3    Buck, F.M.4    Brunner, F.5
  • 47
    • 84891832090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Netherlands Society of Rehabilitation Specialistsm, Netherlands Society of Anaesthesiologists Van Zuiden Communications B. V., The Netherlands
    • Netherlands Society of Rehabilitation Specialists, Netherlands Society of Anaesthesiologists Evidence based guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome type I. Alphen aan den Rijn 2006, Van Zuiden Communications B. V., The Netherlands.
    • (2006) Evidence based guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome type I. Alphen aan den Rijn
  • 48
    • 0024598651 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear imaging and clinical features of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy: comparison with adults
    • Goldsmith D.P., Vivino F.B., Eichenfield A.H., Athreya B.H., Heyman S. Nuclear imaging and clinical features of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy: comparison with adults. Arthritis Rheum 1989, 32:480-485.
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum , vol.32 , pp. 480-485
    • Goldsmith, D.P.1    Vivino, F.B.2    Eichenfield, A.H.3    Athreya, B.H.4    Heyman, S.5
  • 49
    • 0032868987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term outcomes of children with complex regional pain syndrome type I treated with exercise therapy
    • Sherry D.D., Wallace C.A., Kelley C., Kidder M., Sapp L. Short- and long-term outcomes of children with complex regional pain syndrome type I treated with exercise therapy. Clin J Pain 1999, 15:218-223.
    • (1999) Clin J Pain , vol.15 , pp. 218-223
    • Sherry, D.D.1    Wallace, C.A.2    Kelley, C.3    Kidder, M.4    Sapp, L.5
  • 50
    • 34250802732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome
    • Low A.K., Ward K., Wines A.P. Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 2007, 27:567-572.
    • (2007) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.27 , pp. 567-572
    • Low, A.K.1    Ward, K.2    Wines, A.P.3
  • 51
    • 0038368912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interobserver reliability of diagnosis in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • van de Vusse A.C., Stomp-van den Berg S.G., de Vet H.C., Weber W.E. Interobserver reliability of diagnosis in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Eur J Pain 2003, 7:259-265.
    • (2003) Eur J Pain , vol.7 , pp. 259-265
    • van de Vusse, A.C.1    Stomp-van den Berg, S.G.2    de Vet, H.C.3    Weber, W.E.4
  • 53
    • 0031943720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of autonomic dysfunction in time course of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Birklein F., Riedl B., Claus D., Neundorfer B. Pattern of autonomic dysfunction in time course of complex regional pain syndrome. Clin Auton Res 1998, 8:79-85.
    • (1998) Clin Auton Res , vol.8 , pp. 79-85
    • Birklein, F.1    Riedl, B.2    Claus, D.3    Neundorfer, B.4
  • 54
    • 0034727902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral sympathetic function as a predictor of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) in patients with radial fracture
    • Schürmann M., Gradl G., Zaspel J., Kayser M., Löhr P., Andress H.J. Peripheral sympathetic function as a predictor of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) in patients with radial fracture. Auton Neurosci 2000, 86:127-134.
    • (2000) Auton Neurosci , vol.86 , pp. 127-134
    • Schürmann, M.1    Gradl, G.2    Zaspel, J.3    Kayser, M.4    Löhr, P.5    Andress, H.J.6
  • 55
    • 0031749898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflex pattern in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Birklein F., Riedl B., Neundorfer B., Handwerker H.O. Sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflex pattern in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 1998, 75:93-100.
    • (1998) Pain , vol.75 , pp. 93-100
    • Birklein, F.1    Riedl, B.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Handwerker, H.O.4
  • 56
    • 0030272903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: skin blood flow, sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes and pain before and after surgical sympathectomy
    • Baron R., Maier C. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: skin blood flow, sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes and pain before and after surgical sympathectomy. Pain 1996, 67:317-326.
    • (1996) Pain , vol.67 , pp. 317-326
    • Baron, R.1    Maier, C.2
  • 57
    • 33745294656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values
    • Rolke R., Baron R., Maier C., Tolle T.R., Treede R.D., Beyer A., et al. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values. Pain 2006, 123:231-243.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.123 , pp. 231-243
    • Rolke, R.1    Baron, R.2    Maier, C.3    Tolle, T.R.4    Treede, R.D.5    Beyer, A.6
  • 58
    • 77957140470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST): refined stratification for age and a novel method for statistical comparison of group data
    • Magerl W., Krumova E.K., Baron R., Tolle T., Treede R.D., Maier C. Reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST): refined stratification for age and a novel method for statistical comparison of group data. Pain 2010, 151:598-605.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.151 , pp. 598-605
    • Magerl, W.1    Krumova, E.K.2    Baron, R.3    Tolle, T.4    Treede, R.D.5    Maier, C.6
  • 59
    • 79851514507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test-retest and interobserver reliability of quantitative sensory testing according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): a multi-centre study
    • Geber C., Klein T., Azad S., Birklein F., Gierthmuhlen J., Huge V., et al. Test-retest and interobserver reliability of quantitative sensory testing according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): a multi-centre study. Pain 2011, 152:548-556.
    • (2011) Pain , vol.152 , pp. 548-556
    • Geber, C.1    Klein, T.2    Azad, S.3    Birklein, F.4    Gierthmuhlen, J.5    Huge, V.6
  • 60
    • 84858698911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory signs in complex regional pain syndrome and peripheral nerve injury
    • Gierthmühlen J., Maier C., Baron R., Tölle T., Treede R.D., Birbaumer N., et al. Sensory signs in complex regional pain syndrome and peripheral nerve injury. Pain 2012, 153:765-774.
    • (2012) Pain , vol.153 , pp. 765-774
    • Gierthmühlen, J.1    Maier, C.2    Baron, R.3    Tölle, T.4    Treede, R.D.5    Birbaumer, N.6
  • 61
    • 50549091855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of hyperalgesia and sensory loss in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I)
    • Huge V., Lauchart M., Förderreuther S., Kaufhold W., Valet M., Azad S.C., et al. Interaction of hyperalgesia and sensory loss in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I). PLoS One 2008, 3:e2742.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Huge, V.1    Lauchart, M.2    Förderreuther, S.3    Kaufhold, W.4    Valet, M.5    Azad, S.C.6
  • 62
    • 34848865926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Üçeyler N., Eberle T., Rolke R., Birklein F., Sommer C. Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2007, 132:195-205.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.132 , pp. 195-205
    • Üçeyler, N.1    Eberle, T.2    Rolke, R.3    Birklein, F.4    Sommer, C.5
  • 63
    • 0038243549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted county, a population-based study
    • Sandroni P., Benrud-Larson L.M., McClelland R.L., Low P.A. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted county, a population-based study. Pain 2003, 103:199-207.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.103 , pp. 199-207
    • Sandroni, P.1    Benrud-Larson, L.M.2    McClelland, R.L.3    Low, P.A.4
  • 65
    • 0034055805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes-analysis of 145 cases
    • Birklein F., Riedl B., Sieweke N., Weber M., Neundorfer B. Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes-analysis of 145 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 2000, 101:262-269.
    • (2000) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.101 , pp. 262-269
    • Birklein, F.1    Riedl, B.2    Sieweke, N.3    Weber, M.4    Neundorfer, B.5
  • 66
    • 80052307875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of signs and symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome type I in patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain
    • [e831-838]
    • de Boer R.D., Marinus J., van Hilten J.J., Huygen F.J., van Eijs F., van Kleef M., et al. Distribution of signs and symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome type I in patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Eur J Pain 2011, 15:830. [e831-838].
    • (2011) Eur J Pain , vol.15 , pp. 830
    • de Boer, R.D.1    Marinus, J.2    van Hilten, J.J.3    Huygen, F.J.4    van Eijs, F.5    van Kleef, M.6
  • 67
    • 0032940236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients
    • Allen G., Galer B.S., Schwartz L. Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients. Pain 1999, 80:539-544.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 539-544
    • Allen, G.1    Galer, B.S.2    Schwartz, L.3
  • 68
    • 67649553641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Schwartzman R.J., Erwin K.L., Alexander G.M. The natural history of complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2009, 25:273-280.
    • (2009) Clin J Pain , vol.25 , pp. 273-280
    • Schwartzman, R.J.1    Erwin, K.L.2    Alexander, G.M.3
  • 70
    • 31644439417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of focal small-fiber axonal degeneration in complex regional pain syndrome-I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
    • Oaklander A.L., Rissmiller J.G., Gelman L.B., Zheng L., Chang Y., Gott R. Evidence of focal small-fiber axonal degeneration in complex regional pain syndrome-I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Pain 2006, 120:235-243.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.120 , pp. 235-243
    • Oaklander, A.L.1    Rissmiller, J.G.2    Gelman, L.B.3    Zheng, L.4    Chang, Y.5    Gott, R.6
  • 72
    • 84861331799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of children with complex regional pain syndrome after intensive inpatient rehabilitation
    • Brooke V., Janselewitz S. Outcomes of children with complex regional pain syndrome after intensive inpatient rehabilitation. PM R 2012, 4:349-354.
    • (2012) PM R , vol.4 , pp. 349-354
    • Brooke, V.1    Janselewitz, S.2
  • 73
    • 0024267839 scopus 로고
    • Children and young adults with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome
    • Greipp M.E., Thomas A.F., Renkun C. Children and young adults with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Clin J Pain 1988, 4:217-221.
    • (1988) Clin J Pain , vol.4 , pp. 217-221
    • Greipp, M.E.1    Thomas, A.F.2    Renkun, C.3
  • 74
    • 84862106396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome of the pediatric lower extremity: a retrospective review
    • Harris E.J., Schimka K.E., Carlson R.M. Complex regional pain syndrome of the pediatric lower extremity: a retrospective review. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2012, 102:99-104.
    • (2012) J Am Podiatr Med Assoc , vol.102 , pp. 99-104
    • Harris, E.J.1    Schimka, K.E.2    Carlson, R.M.3
  • 75
    • 50249110962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndromes in children and adolescents
    • Kachko L., Efrat R., Ben Ami S., Mukamel M., Katz J. Complex regional pain syndromes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Int 2008, 50:523-527.
    • (2008) Pediatr Int , vol.50 , pp. 523-527
    • Kachko, L.1    Efrat, R.2    Ben Ami, S.3    Mukamel, M.4    Katz, J.5
  • 76
    • 0023797040 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: treatment with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation
    • Kesler R.W., Saulsbury F.T., Miller L.T., Rowlingson J.C. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: treatment with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. Pediatrics 1988, 82:728-732.
    • (1988) Pediatrics , vol.82 , pp. 728-732
    • Kesler, R.W.1    Saulsbury, F.T.2    Miller, L.T.3    Rowlingson, J.C.4
  • 77
    • 0036065556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical therapy and cognitive-behavioral treatment for complex regional pain syndromes
    • Lee B.H., Scharff L., Sethna N.F., McCarthy C.F., Scott-Sutherland J., Shea A.M., et al. Physical therapy and cognitive-behavioral treatment for complex regional pain syndromes. J Pediatr 2002, 141:135-140.
    • (2002) J Pediatr , vol.141 , pp. 135-140
    • Lee, B.H.1    Scharff, L.2    Sethna, N.F.3    McCarthy, C.F.4    Scott-Sutherland, J.5    Shea, A.M.6
  • 78
    • 33745881926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndromes in children and adolescents: regional and systemic signs and symptoms and hemodynamic response to tilt table testing
    • Meier P.M., Alexander M.E., Sethna N.F., De Jong-De Vos Van Steenwijk C.C., Zurakowski D., Berde C.B. Complex regional pain syndromes in children and adolescents: regional and systemic signs and symptoms and hemodynamic response to tilt table testing. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:399-406.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 399-406
    • Meier, P.M.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Sethna, N.F.3    De Jong-De Vos Van Steenwijk, C.C.4    Zurakowski, D.5    Berde, C.B.6
  • 80
    • 0027185260 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: an orthopedic perspective
    • [discussion 779-780]
    • Stanton R.P., Malcolm J.R., Wesdock K.A., Singsen B.H. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: an orthopedic perspective. Orthopedics 1993, 16:773-779. [discussion 779-780].
    • (1993) Orthopedics , vol.16 , pp. 773-779
    • Stanton, R.P.1    Malcolm, J.R.2    Wesdock, K.A.3    Singsen, B.H.4
  • 82
    • 0026757712 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. Clinical characteristics and follow-up of seventy patients
    • Wilder R.T., Berde C.B., Wolohan M., Vieyra M.A., Masek B.J., Micheli L.J. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. Clinical characteristics and follow-up of seventy patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1992, 74:910-919.
    • (1992) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.74 , pp. 910-919
    • Wilder, R.T.1    Berde, C.B.2    Wolohan, M.3    Vieyra, M.A.4    Masek, B.J.5    Micheli, L.J.6
  • 83
    • 0242526899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causalgia: a meta-analysis of the literature
    • Hassantash S.A., Afrakhteh M., Maier R.V. Causalgia: a meta-analysis of the literature. Arch Surg 2003, 138:1226-1231.
    • (2003) Arch Surg , vol.138 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Hassantash, S.A.1    Afrakhteh, M.2    Maier, R.V.3
  • 84
    • 71049138625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causalgia: a restatement
    • Birch R. Causalgia: a restatement. Neurosurgery 2009, 65:A222-A228.
    • (2009) Neurosurgery , vol.65
    • Birch, R.1
  • 85
    • 0021280466 scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic causalgia. Classification, clinical findings, and legal ramifications
    • Horowitz S.H. Iatrogenic causalgia. Classification, clinical findings, and legal ramifications. Arch Neurol 1984, 41:821-824.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 821-824
    • Horowitz, S.H.1
  • 86
    • 0030933292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algodystrophy is an early complication of Colles' fracture. What are the implications?
    • Field J., Atkins R.M. Algodystrophy is an early complication of Colles' fracture. What are the implications?. J Hand Surg Br 1997, 22:178-182.
    • (1997) J Hand Surg Br , vol.22 , pp. 178-182
    • Field, J.1    Atkins, R.M.2
  • 88
    • 0034578905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
    • Maleki J., LeBel A.A., Bennett G.J., Schwartzman R.J. Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Pain 2000, 88:259-266.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.88 , pp. 259-266
    • Maleki, J.1    LeBel, A.A.2    Bennett, G.J.3    Schwartzman, R.J.4
  • 89
    • 18844466152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of peripheral sympathetic nervous function for diagnosing early post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Schürmann M., Gradl G., Andress H.J., Fürst H., Schildberg F.W. Assessment of peripheral sympathetic nervous function for diagnosing early post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 1999, 80:149-159.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 149-159
    • Schürmann, M.1    Gradl, G.2    Andress, H.J.3    Fürst, H.4    Schildberg, F.W.5
  • 90
    • 0042237032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance-P-induced protein extravasation is bilaterally increased in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Leis S., Weber M., Isselmann A., Schmelz M., Birklein F. Substance-P-induced protein extravasation is bilaterally increased in complex regional pain syndrome. Exp Neurol 2003, 183:197-204.
    • (2003) Exp Neurol , vol.183 , pp. 197-204
    • Leis, S.1    Weber, M.2    Isselmann, A.3    Schmelz, M.4    Birklein, F.5
  • 91
    • 1842504366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in unaffected limbs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Leis S., Weber M., Schmelz M., Birklein F. Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in unaffected limbs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2004, 359:163-166.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.359 , pp. 163-166
    • Leis, S.1    Weber, M.2    Schmelz, M.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 93
    • 0036142665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the left hand and motor impairments of the unaffected right hand: impaired central motor processing?
    • Ribbers G.M., Mulder T., Geurts A.C., den Otter R.A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the left hand and motor impairments of the unaffected right hand: impaired central motor processing?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83:81-85.
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 81-85
    • Ribbers, G.M.1    Mulder, T.2    Geurts, A.C.3    den Otter, R.A.4
  • 94
    • 52949141434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central processing of tactile and nociceptive stimuli in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Vartiainen N.V., Kirveskari E., Forss N. Central processing of tactile and nociceptive stimuli in complex regional pain syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2008, 119:2380-2388.
    • (2008) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.119 , pp. 2380-2388
    • Vartiainen, N.V.1    Kirveskari, E.2    Forss, N.3
  • 95
    • 33845676958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain syndromes after missile-caused peripheral nerve lesions: part 1-clinical characteristics
    • [discussion 1236-1227]
    • Roganovic Z., Mandic-Gajic G. Pain syndromes after missile-caused peripheral nerve lesions: part 1-clinical characteristics. Neurosurgery 2006, 59:1226-1236. [discussion 1236-1227].
    • (2006) Neurosurgery , vol.59 , pp. 1226-1236
    • Roganovic, Z.1    Mandic-Gajic, G.2
  • 96
    • 0033642276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controversies surrounding reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a review article
    • Pawl R.P. Controversies surrounding reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a review article. Curr Rev Pain 2000, 4:259-267.
    • (2000) Curr Rev Pain , vol.4 , pp. 259-267
    • Pawl, R.P.1
  • 97
    • 0034255071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental tissue acidosis leads to increased pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Birklein F., Weber M., Ernst M., Riedl B., Neundörfer B., Handwerker H.O. Experimental tissue acidosis leads to increased pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 2000, 87:227-234.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.87 , pp. 227-234
    • Birklein, F.1    Weber, M.2    Ernst, M.3    Riedl, B.4    Neundörfer, B.5    Handwerker, H.O.6
  • 98
    • 0034968030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Despite clinical similarities there are significant differences between acute limb trauma and complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I)
    • Birklein F., Kunzel W., Sieweke N. Despite clinical similarities there are significant differences between acute limb trauma and complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I). Pain 2001, 93:165-171.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 165-171
    • Birklein, F.1    Kunzel, W.2    Sieweke, N.3
  • 100
    • 79955727961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex interaction of sensory and motor signs and symptoms in chronic CRPS
    • Huge V., Lauchart M., Magerl W., Beyer A., Moehnle P., Kaufhold W., et al. Complex interaction of sensory and motor signs and symptoms in chronic CRPS. PLoS One 2011, 6:e18775.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Huge, V.1    Lauchart, M.2    Magerl, W.3    Beyer, A.4    Moehnle, P.5    Kaufhold, W.6
  • 101
    • 0034893339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiological and psychological examination in patients with complex regional pain syndrome and hemisensory deficits
    • Rommel O., Malin J.P., Zenz M., Janig W. Quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiological and psychological examination in patients with complex regional pain syndrome and hemisensory deficits. Pain 2001, 93:279-293.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.93 , pp. 279-293
    • Rommel, O.1    Malin, J.P.2    Zenz, M.3    Janig, W.4
  • 102
    • 0035833932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain increases during sympathetic arousal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Drummond P.D., Finch P.M., Skipworth S., Blockey P. Pain increases during sympathetic arousal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2001, 57:1296-1303.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1296-1303
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Finch, P.M.2    Skipworth, S.3    Blockey, P.4
  • 104
    • 34547500701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous sensory abnormalities in children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndromes
    • Sethna N.F., Meier P.M., Zurakowski D., Berde C.B. Cutaneous sensory abnormalities in children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndromes. Pain 2007, 131:153-161.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.131 , pp. 153-161
    • Sethna, N.F.1    Meier, P.M.2    Zurakowski, D.3    Berde, C.B.4
  • 105
    • 0141727684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referred sensations in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1
    • McCabe C.S., Haigh R.C., Halligan P.W., Blake D.R. Referred sensations in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003, 42:1067-1073.
    • (2003) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.42 , pp. 1067-1073
    • McCabe, C.S.1    Haigh, R.C.2    Halligan, P.W.3    Blake, D.R.4
  • 106
    • 84879563949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evidence of parietal cortex dysfunction and correlation with extent of allodynia in CRPS type 1
    • Cohen H., McCabe C., Harris N., Hall J., Lewis J., Blake D.R. Clinical evidence of parietal cortex dysfunction and correlation with extent of allodynia in CRPS type 1. Eur J Pain 2013, 17:527-538.
    • (2013) Eur J Pain , vol.17 , pp. 527-538
    • Cohen, H.1    McCabe, C.2    Harris, N.3    Hall, J.4    Lewis, J.5    Blake, D.R.6
  • 107
    • 33745570054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mislocalization of tactile stimulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihöfner C., Neundorfer B., Birklein F., Handwerker H.O. Mislocalization of tactile stimulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. J Neurol 2006, 253:772-779.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , pp. 772-779
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Neundorfer, B.2    Birklein, F.3    Handwerker, H.O.4
  • 108
    • 0032994993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemisensory impairment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Rommel O., Gehling M., Dertwinkel R., Witscher K., Zenz M., Malin J.P., et al. Hemisensory impairment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 1999, 80:95-101.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 95-101
    • Rommel, O.1    Gehling, M.2    Dertwinkel, R.3    Witscher, K.4    Zenz, M.5    Malin, J.P.6
  • 109
    • 0031723041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system abnormalities in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): clinical and quantitative evidence of medullary dysfunction
    • Thimineur M., Sood P., Kravitz E., Gudin J., Kitaj M. Central nervous system abnormalities in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): clinical and quantitative evidence of medullary dysfunction. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:256-267.
    • (1998) Clin J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 256-267
    • Thimineur, M.1    Sood, P.2    Kravitz, E.3    Gudin, J.4    Kitaj, M.5
  • 110
    • 0035100912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular abnormalities in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): mechanisms and diagnostic value
    • Wasner G., Schattschneider J., Heckmann K., Maier C., Baron R. Vascular abnormalities in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): mechanisms and diagnostic value. Brain 2001, 124:587-599.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 587-599
    • Wasner, G.1    Schattschneider, J.2    Heckmann, K.3    Maier, C.4    Baron, R.5
  • 112
  • 113
    • 0028230825 scopus 로고
    • Stability of temperature asymmetries in reflex sympathetic dystrophy over time and changes in pain
    • Sherman R.A., Karstetter K.W., Damiano M., Evans C.B. Stability of temperature asymmetries in reflex sympathetic dystrophy over time and changes in pain. Clin J Pain 1994, 10:71-77.
    • (1994) Clin J Pain , vol.10 , pp. 71-77
    • Sherman, R.A.1    Karstetter, K.W.2    Damiano, M.3    Evans, C.B.4
  • 114
    • 2442595886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted skin videothermography is a highly sensitive quality tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Huygen F.J., Niehof S., Klein J., Zijlstra F.J. Computer-assisted skin videothermography is a highly sensitive quality tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004, 91:516-524.
    • (2004) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.91 , pp. 516-524
    • Huygen, F.J.1    Niehof, S.2    Klein, J.3    Zijlstra, F.J.4
  • 115
    • 0023693902 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of thermal asymmetry. Part 1: normal values and reproducibility
    • Uematsu S., Edwin D.H., Jankel W.R., Kozikowski J., Trattner M. Quantification of thermal asymmetry. Part 1: normal values and reproducibility. J Neurosurg 1988, 69:552-555.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.69 , pp. 552-555
    • Uematsu, S.1    Edwin, D.H.2    Jankel, W.R.3    Kozikowski, J.4    Trattner, M.5
  • 116
    • 33745069652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermography imaging during static and controlled thermoregulation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1: diagnostic value and involvement of the central sympathetic system
    • Niehof S.P., Huygen F.J., van der Weerd R.W., Westra M., Zijlstra F.J. Thermography imaging during static and controlled thermoregulation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1: diagnostic value and involvement of the central sympathetic system. Biomed Eng Online 2006, 5:30.
    • (2006) Biomed Eng Online , vol.5 , pp. 30
    • Niehof, S.P.1    Huygen, F.J.2    van der Weerd, R.W.3    Westra, M.4    Zijlstra, F.J.5
  • 117
    • 0037823497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue hypoxia in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Koban M., Leis S., Schultze-Mosgau S., Birklein F. Tissue hypoxia in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2003, 104:149-157.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.104 , pp. 149-157
    • Koban, M.1    Leis, S.2    Schultze-Mosgau, S.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 118
    • 0032934703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: review of a clinical series and description of the particularities in children
    • Barbier O., Allington N., Rombouts J.J. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: review of a clinical series and description of the particularities in children. Acta Orthop Belg 1999, 65:91-97.
    • (1999) Acta Orthop Belg , vol.65 , pp. 91-97
    • Barbier, O.1    Allington, N.2    Rombouts, J.J.3
  • 119
    • 3843110367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired self-perception of the hand in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Förderreuther S., Sailer U., Straube A. Impaired self-perception of the hand in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 2004, 110:756-761.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.110 , pp. 756-761
    • Förderreuther, S.1    Sailer, U.2    Straube, A.3
  • 120
    • 0025022663 scopus 로고
    • The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Schwartzman R.J., Kerrigan J. The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 1990, 40:57-61.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 57-61
    • Schwartzman, R.J.1    Kerrigan, J.2
  • 121
    • 84876971223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle hyperalgesia correlates with motor function in complex regional pain syndrome type 1
    • van Rooijen D.E., Marinus J., Schouten A.C., Noldus L.P., van Hilten J.J. Muscle hyperalgesia correlates with motor function in complex regional pain syndrome type 1. J Pain 2013, 14:446-454.
    • (2013) J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 446-454
    • van Rooijen, D.E.1    Marinus, J.2    Schouten, A.C.3    Noldus, L.P.4    van Hilten, J.J.5
  • 122
    • 34848916086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihöfner C., Baron R., DeCol R., Binder A., Birklein F., Deuschl G., et al. The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome. Brain 2007, 130:2671-2687.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 2671-2687
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Baron, R.2    DeCol, R.3    Binder, A.4    Birklein, F.5    Deuschl, G.6
  • 123
    • 0029032983 scopus 로고
    • Case reports and hypothesis: a neglect-like syndrome may be responsible for the motor disturbance in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-1)
    • Galer B.S., Butler S., Jensen M.P. Case reports and hypothesis: a neglect-like syndrome may be responsible for the motor disturbance in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-1). J Pain Symptom Manage 1995, 10:385-391.
    • (1995) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.10 , pp. 385-391
    • Galer, B.S.1    Butler, S.2    Jensen, M.P.3
  • 124
    • 0031948862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe complications of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: infection, ulcers, chronic edema, dystonia, and myoclonus
    • van der Laan L., Veldman P.H., Goris R.J. Severe complications of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: infection, ulcers, chronic edema, dystonia, and myoclonus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998, 79:424-429.
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , pp. 424-429
    • van der Laan, L.1    Veldman, P.H.2    Goris, R.J.3
  • 125
    • 0033958016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal movements in complex regional pain syndrome: assessment of their nature
    • Verdugo R.J., Ochoa J.L. Abnormal movements in complex regional pain syndrome: assessment of their nature. Muscle Nerve 2000, 23:198-205.
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve , vol.23 , pp. 198-205
    • Verdugo, R.J.1    Ochoa, J.L.2
  • 129
    • 0028221048 scopus 로고
    • Algodystrophy: an under-recognized complication of minor trauma
    • Bickerstaff D.R., Kanis J.A. Algodystrophy: an under-recognized complication of minor trauma. Br J Rheumatol 1994, 33:240-248.
    • (1994) Br J Rheumatol , vol.33 , pp. 240-248
    • Bickerstaff, D.R.1    Kanis, J.A.2
  • 130
    • 0028924537 scopus 로고
    • Nerve entrapment and reflex sympathetic dystrophy after fractures of the distal radius
    • Hove L.M. Nerve entrapment and reflex sympathetic dystrophy after fractures of the distal radius. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1995, 29:53-58.
    • (1995) Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg , vol.29 , pp. 53-58
    • Hove, L.M.1
  • 131
    • 0033547657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial
    • Zollinger P.E., Tuinebreijer W.E., Kreis R.W., Breederveld R.S. Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999, 354:2025-2028.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 2025-2028
    • Zollinger, P.E.1    Tuinebreijer, W.E.2    Kreis, R.W.3    Breederveld, R.S.4
  • 132
    • 0041320910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after fractures of the distal radius
    • Dijkstra P.U., Groothoff J.W., ten Duis H.J., Geertzen J.H. Incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after fractures of the distal radius. Eur J Pain 2003, 7:457-462.
    • (2003) Eur J Pain , vol.7 , pp. 457-462
    • Dijkstra, P.U.1    Groothoff, J.W.2    ten Duis, H.J.3    Geertzen, J.H.4
  • 133
    • 1642517055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Das akute CRPS I (Morbus Sudeck) nach distaler Radiusfraktur - Methoden der Frühdiagnostik [Acute CRPS I (morbus Sudeck) following distal radial fractures-methods for early diagnosis]
    • Gradl G., Steinborn M., Wizgall I., Mittlmeier T., Schürmann M. Das akute CRPS I (Morbus Sudeck) nach distaler Radiusfraktur - Methoden der Frühdiagnostik [Acute CRPS I (morbus Sudeck) following distal radial fractures-methods for early diagnosis]. Zentralbl Chir 2003, 128:1020-1026.
    • (2003) Zentralbl Chir , vol.128 , pp. 1020-1026
    • Gradl, G.1    Steinborn, M.2    Wizgall, I.3    Mittlmeier, T.4    Schürmann, M.5
  • 134
    • 27744593058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 after fractures of the distal radius: a prospective study of the role of psychological factors
    • Puchalski P., Zyluk A. Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 after fractures of the distal radius: a prospective study of the role of psychological factors. J Hand Surg Br 2005, 30:574-580.
    • (2005) J Hand Surg Br , vol.30 , pp. 574-580
    • Puchalski, P.1    Zyluk, A.2
  • 135
    • 55249091431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome (type 1): a comparison of 2 diagnostic criteria methods
    • Thomson McBride A.R., Barnett A.J., Livingstone J.A., Atkins R.M. Complex regional pain syndrome (type 1): a comparison of 2 diagnostic criteria methods. Clin J Pain 2008, 24:637-640.
    • (2008) Clin J Pain , vol.24 , pp. 637-640
    • Thomson McBride, A.R.1    Barnett, A.J.2    Livingstone, J.A.3    Atkins, R.M.4
  • 136
    • 77249096936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequencies of polymorphisms in cytokines, neurotransmitters and adrenergic receptors in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I after distal radial fracture
    • Herlyn P., Müller-Hilke B., Wendt M., Hecker M., Mittlmeier T., Gradl G. Frequencies of polymorphisms in cytokines, neurotransmitters and adrenergic receptors in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I after distal radial fracture. Clin J Pain 2010, 26:175-181.
    • (2010) Clin J Pain , vol.26 , pp. 175-181
    • Herlyn, P.1    Müller-Hilke, B.2    Wendt, M.3    Hecker, M.4    Mittlmeier, T.5    Gradl, G.6
  • 137
    • 0022018743 scopus 로고
    • The hand complications of Colles' fractures
    • Stewart H.D., Innes A.R., Burke F.D. The hand complications of Colles' fractures. J Hand Surg Br 1985, 10:103-106.
    • (1985) J Hand Surg Br , vol.10 , pp. 103-106
    • Stewart, H.D.1    Innes, A.R.2    Burke, F.D.3
  • 139
    • 0345167995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective examination of pain-related and psychological predictors of CRPS-like phenomena following total knee arthroplasty: a preliminary study
    • Harden R.N., Bruehl S., Stanos S., Brander V., Chung O.Y., Saltz S., et al. Prospective examination of pain-related and psychological predictors of CRPS-like phenomena following total knee arthroplasty: a preliminary study. Pain 2003, 106:393-400.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.106 , pp. 393-400
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.2    Stanos, S.3    Brander, V.4    Chung, O.Y.5    Saltz, S.6
  • 140
    • 80052486969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of regional pain syndrome after carpal tunnel release. Is there a correlation with the anesthetic technique?
    • da Costa V.V., de Oliveira S.B., Fernandes Mdo C., Saraiva R.A. Incidence of regional pain syndrome after carpal tunnel release. Is there a correlation with the anesthetic technique?. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2011, 61:425-433.
    • (2011) Rev Bras Anestesiol , vol.61 , pp. 425-433
    • da Costa, V.V.1    de Oliveira, S.B.2    Fernandes Mdo, C.3    Saraiva, R.A.4
  • 142
    • 0019862352 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of the upper extremity: analysis of total outcome of management of 125 cases
    • Subbarao J., Stillwell G.K. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of the upper extremity: analysis of total outcome of management of 125 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1981, 62:549-554.
    • (1981) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.62 , pp. 549-554
    • Subbarao, J.1    Stillwell, G.K.2
  • 145
    • 0242501521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2 1/2-year-old girl with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (CRPS type I): case report
    • Güler-Uysal F., Basaran S., Geertzen J.H., Göncü K. A 2 1/2-year-old girl with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (CRPS type I): case report. Clin Rehabil 2003, 17:224-227.
    • (2003) Clin Rehabil , vol.17 , pp. 224-227
    • Güler-Uysal, F.1    Basaran, S.2    Geertzen, J.H.3    Göncü, K.4
  • 146
    • 3342920723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presentation and treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in a 3year old
    • Bukhalo Y., Mullin V. Presentation and treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in a 3year old. Anesthesiology 2004, 101:542-543.
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 542-543
    • Bukhalo, Y.1    Mullin, V.2
  • 147
    • 44349086358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: complex regional pain syndrome type I in children with mitochondrial disease and maternal inheritance
    • Higashimoto T., Baldwin E.E., Gold J.I., Boles R.G. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: complex regional pain syndrome type I in children with mitochondrial disease and maternal inheritance. Arch Dis Child 2008, 93:390-397.
    • (2008) Arch Dis Child , vol.93 , pp. 390-397
    • Higashimoto, T.1    Baldwin, E.E.2    Gold, J.I.3    Boles, R.G.4
  • 148
    • 84866524254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between complex regional pain syndrome and working life: a Korean study
    • Kang J.E., Kim Y.C., Lee S.C., Kim J.H. Relationship between complex regional pain syndrome and working life: a Korean study. J Korean Med Sci 2012, 27:929-933.
    • (2012) J Korean Med Sci , vol.27 , pp. 929-933
    • Kang, J.E.1    Kim, Y.C.2    Lee, S.C.3    Kim, J.H.4
  • 149
    • 56049106883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 150 Korean patients
    • Choi Y.S., Lee M.G., Lee H.M., Lee C.J., Jo J.Y., Jeon S.Y., et al. Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 150 Korean patients. J Korean Med Sci 2008, 23:772-775.
    • (2008) J Korean Med Sci , vol.23 , pp. 772-775
    • Choi, Y.S.1    Lee, M.G.2    Lee, H.M.3    Lee, C.J.4    Jo, J.Y.5    Jeon, S.Y.6
  • 150
    • 0028043182 scopus 로고
    • Profile of Caucasian women with possible genetic predisposition to reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a pilot study
    • Mailis A., Wade J. Profile of Caucasian women with possible genetic predisposition to reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a pilot study. Clin J Pain 1994, 10:210-217.
    • (1994) Clin J Pain , vol.10 , pp. 210-217
    • Mailis, A.1    Wade, J.2
  • 151
    • 33748455888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of pediatric patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Wilder R.T. Management of pediatric patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:443-448.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 443-448
    • Wilder, R.T.1
  • 152
    • 0023904548 scopus 로고
    • Psychologic aspects of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy
    • Sherry D.D., Weisman R. Psychologic aspects of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy. Pediatrics 1988, 81:572-578.
    • (1988) Pediatrics , vol.81 , pp. 572-578
    • Sherry, D.D.1    Weisman, R.2
  • 153
    • 78650889399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional and neuropsychological profiles of children with complex regional pain syndrome type-I in an inpatient rehabilitation setting
    • Cruz N., O'Reilly J., Slomine B.S., Salorio C.F. Emotional and neuropsychological profiles of children with complex regional pain syndrome type-I in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Clin J Pain 2011, 27:27-34.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 27-34
    • Cruz, N.1    O'Reilly, J.2    Slomine, B.S.3    Salorio, C.F.4
  • 154
    • 4944235067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndrome of fixed dystonia: an evaluation of 103 patients
    • Schrag A., Trimble M., Quinn N., Bhatia K. The syndrome of fixed dystonia: an evaluation of 103 patients. Brain 2004, 127:2360-2372.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 2360-2372
    • Schrag, A.1    Trimble, M.2    Quinn, N.3    Bhatia, K.4
  • 155
    • 0032934889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised questionnaire: no psychological profiles in complex regional pain syndrome-dystonia
    • van der Laan L., van Spaendonck K., Horstink M.W., Goris R.J. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised questionnaire: no psychological profiles in complex regional pain syndrome-dystonia. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999, 17:357-362.
    • (1999) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.17 , pp. 357-362
    • van der Laan, L.1    van Spaendonck, K.2    Horstink, M.W.3    Goris, R.J.4
  • 156
    • 53149103942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological features of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I related dystonia
    • Reedijk W.B., van Rijn M.A., Roelofs K., Tuijl J.P., Marinus J., van Hilten J.J. Psychological features of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I related dystonia. Mov Disord 2008, 23:1551-1559.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1551-1559
    • Reedijk, W.B.1    van Rijn, M.A.2    Roelofs, K.3    Tuijl, J.P.4    Marinus, J.5    van Hilten, J.J.6
  • 158
    • 61649099098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoclonus in complex regional pain syndrome
    • [author reply 316]
    • Lang A.E., Angel M., Bhatia K., Chen R., Fahn S., Hallett M., et al. Myoclonus in complex regional pain syndrome. Mov Disord 2009, 24:314-316. [author reply 316].
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 314-316
    • Lang, A.E.1    Angel, M.2    Bhatia, K.3    Chen, R.4    Fahn, S.5    Hallett, M.6
  • 159
    • 79956274768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome: a descriptive and computational modeling approach
    • Munts A.G., Mugge W., Meurs T.S., Schouten A.C., Marinus J., Moseley G.L., et al. Fixed dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome: a descriptive and computational modeling approach. BMC Neurol 2011, 11:53.
    • (2011) BMC Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 53
    • Munts, A.G.1    Mugge, W.2    Meurs, T.S.3    Schouten, A.C.4    Marinus, J.5    Moseley, G.L.6
  • 160
    • 21144442721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Morgan J.C., Sethi K., Lang A.E. Progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2005, 64:2162-2163.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 2162-2163
    • Morgan, J.C.1    Sethi, K.2    Lang, A.E.3
  • 161
    • 21144442721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome
    • [author reply 2162-2163]
    • Reich S.G., Weiner W.J. Progression of dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2005, 64:2162-2163. [author reply 2162-2163].
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 2162-2163
    • Reich, S.G.1    Weiner, W.J.2
  • 163
    • 0031827797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of hypoaesthesia by nerve block, or placebo: a psychologically mediated sign in chronic pseudoneuropathic pain patients
    • Verdugo R.J., Ochoa J.L. Reversal of hypoaesthesia by nerve block, or placebo: a psychologically mediated sign in chronic pseudoneuropathic pain patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998, 65:196-203.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 196-203
    • Verdugo, R.J.1    Ochoa, J.L.2
  • 164
    • 38549112391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and period prevalence of self-induced disorder in patients referred to a pain clinic with the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Mailis-Gagnon A., Nicholson K., Blumberger D., Zurowski M. Characteristics and period prevalence of self-induced disorder in patients referred to a pain clinic with the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2008, 24:176-185.
    • (2008) Clin J Pain , vol.24 , pp. 176-185
    • Mailis-Gagnon, A.1    Nicholson, K.2    Blumberger, D.3    Zurowski, M.4
  • 165
    • 30344457017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factitious disorders encountered in patients with the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Taskaynatan M.A., Balaban B., Karlidere T., Ozgul A., Tan A.K., Kalyon T.A. Factitious disorders encountered in patients with the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Clin Rheumatol 2005, 24:521-526.
    • (2005) Clin Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 521-526
    • Taskaynatan, M.A.1    Balaban, B.2    Karlidere, T.3    Ozgul, A.4    Tan, A.K.5    Kalyon, T.A.6
  • 169
    • 78650862205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the nature of nondermatomal somatosensory deficits
    • Mailis-Gagnon A., Nicholson K. On the nature of nondermatomal somatosensory deficits. Clin J Pain 2011, 27:76-84.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 76-84
    • Mailis-Gagnon, A.1    Nicholson, K.2
  • 170
  • 171
    • 0036136920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-induced hypoxia to mimic the clinical symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Huyghe I., Carp L., De B.P., Driessens M., Blockx P. Self-induced hypoxia to mimic the clinical symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Clin Nucl Med 2002, 27:48-49.
    • (2002) Clin Nucl Med , vol.27 , pp. 48-49
    • Huyghe, I.1    Carp, L.2    De, B.P.3    Driessens, M.4    Blockx, P.5
  • 172
    • 0142102389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarities between the psychological profiles of complex regional pain syndrome and conversion disorder patients
    • Shiri S., Tsenter J., Livai R., Schwartz I., Vatine J.J. Similarities between the psychological profiles of complex regional pain syndrome and conversion disorder patients. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2003, 10:193-199.
    • (2003) J Clin Psychol Med Settings , vol.10 , pp. 193-199
    • Shiri, S.1    Tsenter, J.2    Livai, R.3    Schwartz, I.4    Vatine, J.J.5
  • 173
    • 69249216379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there an association between psychological factors and the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) in adults? A systematic review
    • Beerthuizen A., van 't Spijker A., Huygen F.J., Klein J., de Wit R. Is there an association between psychological factors and the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) in adults? A systematic review. Pain 2009, 145:52-59.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.145 , pp. 52-59
    • Beerthuizen, A.1    van 't Spijker, A.2    Huygen, F.J.3    Klein, J.4    de Wit, R.5
  • 174
    • 84863525913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxious personality is a risk factor for developing complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Dilek B., Yemez B., Kizil R., Kartal E., Gulbahar S., Sari O., et al. Anxious personality is a risk factor for developing complex regional pain syndrome type I. Rheumatol Int 2012, 32:915-920.
    • (2012) Rheumatol Int , vol.32 , pp. 915-920
    • Dilek, B.1    Yemez, B.2    Kizil, R.3    Kartal, E.4    Gulbahar, S.5    Sari, O.6
  • 175
    • 79958811193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between psychological factors and the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1)-a prospective multicenter study
    • Beerthuizen A., Stronks D.L., Huygen F.J., Passchier J., Klein J., Spijker A.V. The association between psychological factors and the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1)-a prospective multicenter study. Eur J Pain 2011, 15:971-975.
    • (2011) Eur J Pain , vol.15 , pp. 971-975
    • Beerthuizen, A.1    Stronks, D.L.2    Huygen, F.J.3    Passchier, J.4    Klein, J.5    Spijker, A.V.6
  • 176
    • 84996075800 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. A physical therapy approach
    • Wesdock K.A., Stanton R.P., Singsen B.H. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. A physical therapy approach. Arthritis Care Res 1991, 4:32-38.
    • (1991) Arthritis Care Res , vol.4 , pp. 32-38
    • Wesdock, K.A.1    Stanton, R.P.2    Singsen, B.H.3
  • 179
  • 180
    • 48849091657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental forearm immobilization in humans induces cold and mechanical hyperalgesia
    • Terkelsen A.J., Bach F.W., Jensen T.S. Experimental forearm immobilization in humans induces cold and mechanical hyperalgesia. Anesthesiology 2008, 109:297-307.
    • (2008) Anesthesiology , vol.109 , pp. 297-307
    • Terkelsen, A.J.1    Bach, F.W.2    Jensen, T.S.3
  • 181
    • 0000336317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobility in volunteers transiently produces signs and symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome
    • G.T., IASP Press, Seattle, M. Devor, M. Rowbotham, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin (Eds.) Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Pain
    • Butler S.H., Nuyman M., G T. Immobility in volunteers transiently produces signs and symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome. Progress in Pain Research and Management 2000, vol. 16:657-660. IASP Press, Seattle. M. Devor, M. Rowbotham, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin (Eds.).
    • (2000) Progress in Pain Research and Management , vol.16 , pp. 657-660
    • Butler, S.H.1    Nuyman, M.2
  • 183
    • 1342300586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance P signaling contributes to the vascular and nociceptive abnormalities observed in a tibial fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Guo T.Z., Offley S.C., Boyd E.A., Jacobs C.R., Kingery W.S. Substance P signaling contributes to the vascular and nociceptive abnormalities observed in a tibial fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2004, 108:95-107.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.108 , pp. 95-107
    • Guo, T.Z.1    Offley, S.C.2    Boyd, E.A.3    Jacobs, C.R.4    Kingery, W.S.5
  • 184
    • 0031043983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Ide J., Yamaga M., Kitamura T., Takagi K. Quantitative evaluation of sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br 1997, 22:102-106.
    • (1997) J Hand Surg Br , vol.22 , pp. 102-106
    • Ide, J.1    Yamaga, M.2    Kitamura, T.3    Takagi, K.4
  • 186
    • 0020602181 scopus 로고
    • The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. An experimental study of sympathetic reflex control of subcutaneous blood flow in the hand
    • Christensen K., Henriksen O. The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. An experimental study of sympathetic reflex control of subcutaneous blood flow in the hand. Scand J Rheumatol 1983, 12:263-267.
    • (1983) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.12 , pp. 263-267
    • Christensen, K.1    Henriksen, O.2
  • 187
    • 0032947887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular abnormalities in acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): complete inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity with recovery
    • Wasner G., Heckmann K., Maier C., Baron R. Vascular abnormalities in acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I): complete inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity with recovery. Arch Neurol 1999, 56:613-620.
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 613-620
    • Wasner, G.1    Heckmann, K.2    Maier, C.3    Baron, R.4
  • 188
    • 16844386218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic dysfunction as a temporary phenomenon in acute posttraumatic CRPS I
    • Gradl G., Schürmann M. Sympathetic dysfunction as a temporary phenomenon in acute posttraumatic CRPS I. Clin Auton Res 2005, 15:29-34.
    • (2005) Clin Auton Res , vol.15 , pp. 29-34
    • Gradl, G.1    Schürmann, M.2
  • 189
    • 79952117982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasomotor disturbances in complex regional pain syndrome-a review
    • Wasner G. Vasomotor disturbances in complex regional pain syndrome-a review. Pain Med 2010, 11:1267-1273.
    • (2010) Pain Med , vol.11 , pp. 1267-1273
    • Wasner, G.1
  • 190
    • 0023914022 scopus 로고
    • Skin microvascular circulation in the sympathetic dystrophies evaluated by videophotometric capillaroscopy and laser Doppler fluxmetry
    • Rosén L., Östergren J., Fagrell B., Stranden E. Skin microvascular circulation in the sympathetic dystrophies evaluated by videophotometric capillaroscopy and laser Doppler fluxmetry. Eur J Clin Invest 1988, 18:305-308.
    • (1988) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.18 , pp. 305-308
    • Rosén, L.1    Östergren, J.2    Fagrell, B.3    Stranden, E.4
  • 192
    • 0025949002 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of cutaneous blood flow regulation in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy as measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry
    • Bej M.D., Schwartzman R.J. Abnormalities of cutaneous blood flow regulation in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy as measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry. Arch Neurol 1991, 48:912-915.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 912-915
    • Bej, M.D.1    Schwartzman, R.J.2
  • 193
    • 0026077925 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs
    • Drummond P.D., Finch P.M., Smythe G.A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs. Brain 1991, 114(Pt 5):2025-2036.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 2025-2036
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Finch, P.M.2    Smythe, G.A.3
  • 194
    • 0027939360 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in affected versus unaffected limbs in sympathetically maintained pain
    • Harden R.N., Duc T.A., Williams T.R., Coley D., Cate J.C., Gracely R.H. Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in affected versus unaffected limbs in sympathetically maintained pain. Clin J Pain 1994, 10:324-330.
    • (1994) Clin J Pain , vol.10 , pp. 324-330
    • Harden, R.N.1    Duc, T.A.2    Williams, T.R.3    Coley, D.4    Cate, J.C.5    Gracely, R.H.6
  • 195
    • 0027937441 scopus 로고
    • Plasma neuropeptide Y in the symptomatic limb of patients with causalgic pain
    • Drummond P.D., Finch P.M., Edvinsson L., Goadsby P.J. Plasma neuropeptide Y in the symptomatic limb of patients with causalgic pain. Clin Auton Res 1994, 4:113-116.
    • (1994) Clin Auton Res , vol.4 , pp. 113-116
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Finch, P.M.2    Edvinsson, L.3    Goadsby, P.J.4
  • 197
    • 0033932478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic innervation and function in reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Goldstein D.S., Tack C., Li S.T. Sympathetic innervation and function in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Ann Neurol 2000, 48:49-59.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 49-59
    • Goldstein, D.S.1    Tack, C.2    Li, S.T.3
  • 198
    • 0026620827 scopus 로고
    • Normal sympathetic nerve activity in a reflex sympathetic dystrophy with marked skin vasoconstriction
    • Casale R., Elam M. Normal sympathetic nerve activity in a reflex sympathetic dystrophy with marked skin vasoconstriction. J Auton Nerv Syst 1992, 41:215-219.
    • (1992) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.41 , pp. 215-219
    • Casale, R.1    Elam, M.2
  • 199
    • 0029796962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innervation of hyperalgesic skin in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Drummond P.D., Finch P.M., Gibbins I. Innervation of hyperalgesic skin in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 1996, 12:222-231.
    • (1996) Clin J Pain , vol.12 , pp. 222-231
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Finch, P.M.2    Gibbins, I.3
  • 200
    • 0030000046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha 1-adrenoceptors in normal and hyperalgesic human skin
    • Drummond P.D., Skipworth S., Finch P.M. Alpha 1-adrenoceptors in normal and hyperalgesic human skin. Clin Sci (Lond) 1996, 91:73-77.
    • (1996) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.91 , pp. 73-77
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Skipworth, S.2    Finch, P.M.3
  • 201
    • 0027521051 scopus 로고
    • Increased venous alpha-adrenoceptor responsiveness in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Arnold J.M., Teasell R.W., MacLeod A.P., Brown J.E., Carruthers S.G. Increased venous alpha-adrenoceptor responsiveness in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Ann Intern Med 1993, 118:619-621.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 619-621
    • Arnold, J.M.1    Teasell, R.W.2    MacLeod, A.P.3    Brown, J.E.4    Carruthers, S.G.5
  • 202
    • 6444225797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased systemic catecholamines in complex regional pain syndrome and relationship to psychological factors: a pilot study
    • [table of contents]
    • Harden R.N., Rudin N.J., Bruehl S., Kee W., Parikh D.K., Kooch J., et al. Increased systemic catecholamines in complex regional pain syndrome and relationship to psychological factors: a pilot study. Anesth Analg 2004, 99:1478-1485. [table of contents].
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , pp. 1478-1485
    • Harden, R.N.1    Rudin, N.J.2    Bruehl, S.3    Kee, W.4    Parikh, D.K.5    Kooch, J.6
  • 203
    • 34548472422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoneuroendocrine stress response may impair neutrophil function in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Kaufmann I., Eisner C., Richter P., Huge V., Beyer A., Chouker A., et al. Psychoneuroendocrine stress response may impair neutrophil function in complex regional pain syndrome. Clin Immunol 2007, 125:103-111.
    • (2007) Clin Immunol , vol.125 , pp. 103-111
    • Kaufmann, I.1    Eisner, C.2    Richter, P.3    Huge, V.4    Beyer, A.5    Chouker, A.6
  • 204
    • 0035074473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-adrenergic supersensitivity of the sudomotor nerve in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Chémali K.R., Gorodeski R., Chelimsky T.C. Alpha-adrenergic supersensitivity of the sudomotor nerve in complex regional pain syndrome. Ann Neurol 2001, 49:453-459.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 453-459
    • Chémali, K.R.1    Gorodeski, R.2    Chelimsky, T.C.3
  • 205
    • 27544457655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexpression of cholinergic and noradrenergic phenotypes in human and nonhuman autonomic nervous system
    • Weihe E., Schutz B., Hartschuh W., Anlauf M., Schafer M.K., Eiden L.E. Coexpression of cholinergic and noradrenergic phenotypes in human and nonhuman autonomic nervous system. J Comp Neurol 2005, 492:370-379.
    • (2005) J Comp Neurol , vol.492 , pp. 370-379
    • Weihe, E.1    Schutz, B.2    Hartschuh, W.3    Anlauf, M.4    Schafer, M.K.5    Eiden, L.E.6
  • 208
    • 0033033473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain?
    • Baron R., Levine J.D., Fields H.L. Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain?. Muscle Nerve 1999, 22:678-695.
    • (1999) Muscle Nerve , vol.22 , pp. 678-695
    • Baron, R.1    Levine, J.D.2    Fields, H.L.3
  • 209
    • 3042802242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-1 adrenoceptor hyperresponsiveness in three neuropathic pain states: complex regional pain syndrome 1, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and central pain states following spinal cord injury
    • Teasell R.W., Arnold J.M. Alpha-1 adrenoceptor hyperresponsiveness in three neuropathic pain states: complex regional pain syndrome 1, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and central pain states following spinal cord injury. Pain Res Manag 2004, 9:89-97.
    • (2004) Pain Res Manag , vol.9 , pp. 89-97
    • Teasell, R.W.1    Arnold, J.M.2
  • 210
    • 0034333009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain
    • Ali Z., Raja S.N., Wesselmann U., Fuchs P.N., Meyer R.A., Campbell J.N. Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 2000, 88:161-168.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.88 , pp. 161-168
    • Ali, Z.1    Raja, S.N.2    Wesselmann, U.3    Fuchs, P.N.4    Meyer, R.A.5    Campbell, J.N.6
  • 211
    • 4444349694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal contralateral pain responses from an intradermal injection of phenylephrine in a subset of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Mailis-Gagnon A., Bennett G.J. Abnormal contralateral pain responses from an intradermal injection of phenylephrine in a subset of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 2004, 111:378-384.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.111 , pp. 378-384
    • Mailis-Gagnon, A.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 213
    • 0037062189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study
    • Baron R., Schattschneider J., Binder A., Siebrecht D., Wasner G. Relation between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and pain and hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndromes: a case-control study. Lancet 2002, 359:1655-1660.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1655-1660
    • Baron, R.1    Schattschneider, J.2    Binder, A.3    Siebrecht, D.4    Wasner, G.5
  • 214
    • 33645749292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndromes: the influence of cutaneous and deep somatic sympathetic innervation on pain
    • Schattschneider J., Binder A., Siebrecht D., Wasner G., Baron R. Complex regional pain syndromes: the influence of cutaneous and deep somatic sympathetic innervation on pain. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:240-244.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 240-244
    • Schattschneider, J.1    Binder, A.2    Siebrecht, D.3    Wasner, G.4    Baron, R.5
  • 215
    • 0347755537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of pain induced by startle and forehead cooling after sympathetic blockade in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Drummond P.D., Finch P.M. Persistence of pain induced by startle and forehead cooling after sympathetic blockade in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004, 75:98-102.
    • (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.75 , pp. 98-102
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Finch, P.M.2
  • 216
  • 217
    • 77957899116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased excitability and spontaneous activity of rat sensory neurons following in vitro stimulation of sympathetic fiber sprouts in the isolated dorsal root ganglion
    • Xie W., Strong J.A., Zhang J.M. Increased excitability and spontaneous activity of rat sensory neurons following in vitro stimulation of sympathetic fiber sprouts in the isolated dorsal root ganglion. Pain 2010, 151:447-459.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.151 , pp. 447-459
    • Xie, W.1    Strong, J.A.2    Zhang, J.M.3
  • 218
    • 0033006443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic innervation of rat sensory ganglia following proximal or distal painful sciatic neuropathy: distinct mechanisms revealed by anti-NGF treatment
    • Ramer M.S., Bisby M.A. Adrenergic innervation of rat sensory ganglia following proximal or distal painful sciatic neuropathy: distinct mechanisms revealed by anti-NGF treatment. Eur J Neurosci 1999, 11:837-846.
    • (1999) Eur J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 837-846
    • Ramer, M.S.1    Bisby, M.A.2
  • 219
    • 0029833977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic modulation of activity in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons changes over time following peripheral nerve injury
    • Michaelis M., Devor M., Janig W. Sympathetic modulation of activity in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons changes over time following peripheral nerve injury. J Neurophysiol 1996, 76:753-763.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 753-763
    • Michaelis, M.1    Devor, M.2    Janig, W.3
  • 220
    • 0033298547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of sympathetic-sensory coupling in rat and human dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury
    • Shinder V., Govrin-Lippmann R., Cohen S., Belenky M., Ilin P., Fried K., et al. Structural basis of sympathetic-sensory coupling in rat and human dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury. J Neurocytol 1999, 28:743-761.
    • (1999) J Neurocytol , vol.28 , pp. 743-761
    • Shinder, V.1    Govrin-Lippmann, R.2    Cohen, S.3    Belenky, M.4    Ilin, P.5    Fried, K.6
  • 221
    • 0023046987 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline hyperalgesia is mediated through interaction with sympathetic postganglionic neurone terminals rather than activation of primary afferent nociceptors
    • Levine J.D., Taiwo Y.O., Collins S.D., Tam J.K. Noradrenaline hyperalgesia is mediated through interaction with sympathetic postganglionic neurone terminals rather than activation of primary afferent nociceptors. Nature 1986, 323:158-160.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 158-160
    • Levine, J.D.1    Taiwo, Y.O.2    Collins, S.D.3    Tam, J.K.4
  • 222
    • 0028109118 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine excitation of cutaneous nociceptors in adjuvant-induced inflamed rats does not depend on sympathetic neurons
    • Sato J., Suzuki S., Tamura R., Kumazawa T. Norepinephrine excitation of cutaneous nociceptors in adjuvant-induced inflamed rats does not depend on sympathetic neurons. Neurosci Lett 1994, 177:135-138.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.177 , pp. 135-138
    • Sato, J.1    Suzuki, S.2    Tamura, R.3    Kumazawa, T.4
  • 223
    • 0343007395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic-sensory coupling after L5 spinal nerve lesion in the rat and its relation to changes in dorsal root ganglion blood flow
    • Häbler H., Eschenfelder S., Liu X.G., Jänig W. Sympathetic-sensory coupling after L5 spinal nerve lesion in the rat and its relation to changes in dorsal root ganglion blood flow. Pain 2000, 87:335-345.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.87 , pp. 335-345
    • Häbler, H.1    Eschenfelder, S.2    Liu, X.G.3    Jänig, W.4
  • 224
    • 0034711178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased skin lactate in complex regional pain syndrome: evidence for tissue hypoxia?
    • Birklein F., Weber M., Neundorfer B. Increased skin lactate in complex regional pain syndrome: evidence for tissue hypoxia?. Neurology 2000, 55:1213-1215.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 1213-1215
    • Birklein, F.1    Weber, M.2    Neundorfer, B.3
  • 225
    • 0031843790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD): pathology of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve
    • van der Laan L., ter Laak H.J., Gabreels-Festen A., Gabreels F., Goris R.J. Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD): pathology of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve. Neurology 1998, 51:20-25.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 20-25
    • van der Laan, L.1    ter Laak, H.J.2    Gabreels-Festen, A.3    Gabreels, F.4    Goris, R.J.5
  • 227
    • 0035104037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and physiologic evaluation of stellate ganglion blockade for complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Schürmann M., Gradl G., Wizgal I., Tutic M., Moser C., Azad S., et al. Clinical and physiologic evaluation of stellate ganglion blockade for complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin J Pain 2001, 17:94-100.
    • (2001) Clin J Pain , vol.17 , pp. 94-100
    • Schürmann, M.1    Gradl, G.2    Wizgal, I.3    Tutic, M.4    Moser, C.5    Azad, S.6
  • 228
    • 77952740903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A search for activation of C nociceptors by sympathetic fibers in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Campero M., Bostock H., Baumann T.K., Ochoa J.L. A search for activation of C nociceptors by sympathetic fibers in complex regional pain syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2010, 121:1072-1079.
    • (2010) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.121 , pp. 1072-1079
    • Campero, M.1    Bostock, H.2    Baumann, T.K.3    Ochoa, J.L.4
  • 229
    • 33846061668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine-induced excitation of nociceptors in sympathetically maintained pain
    • Jørum E., Ørstavik K., Schmidt R., Namer B., Carr R.W., Kvarstein G., et al. Catecholamine-induced excitation of nociceptors in sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 2007, 127:296-301.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.127 , pp. 296-301
    • Jørum, E.1    Ørstavik, K.2    Schmidt, R.3    Namer, B.4    Carr, R.W.5    Kvarstein, G.6
  • 230
    • 0020630550 scopus 로고
    • L'articulation dans l'algodystrophie. Le liquide articulaire, la synoviale, le cartilage [The joint in algodystrophy. Joint fluid, synovium, cartilage]
    • Renier J.C., Arlet J., Bregeon C., Basle M., Seret P., Acquaviva P., et al. L'articulation dans l'algodystrophie. Le liquide articulaire, la synoviale, le cartilage [The joint in algodystrophy. Joint fluid, synovium, cartilage]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1983, 50:255-260.
    • (1983) Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic , vol.50 , pp. 255-260
    • Renier, J.C.1    Arlet, J.2    Bregeon, C.3    Basle, M.4    Seret, P.5    Acquaviva, P.6
  • 231
    • 0001576842 scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic findings in skeletal muscle tissue of patients suffering from reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Tilman P.B.J., Stadhouders A.M., Jap P.H.K., Goris R.J.A. Histopathologic findings in skeletal muscle tissue of patients suffering from reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Micron Microsc Acta 1990, 21:271-272.
    • (1990) Micron Microsc Acta , vol.21 , pp. 271-272
    • Tilman, P.B.J.1    Stadhouders, A.M.2    Jap, P.H.K.3    Goris, R.J.A.4
  • 232
    • 0031955823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for immune system involvement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Calder J.S., Holten I., McAllister R.M. Evidence for immune system involvement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br 1998, 23:147-150.
    • (1998) J Hand Surg Br , vol.23 , pp. 147-150
    • Calder, J.S.1    Holten, I.2    McAllister, R.M.3
  • 233
    • 0017287898 scopus 로고
    • The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. I. Clinical and histologic studies: evidence for bilaterality, response to corticosteroids and articular involvement
    • Kozin F., McCarty D.J., Sims J., Genant H. The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. I. Clinical and histologic studies: evidence for bilaterality, response to corticosteroids and articular involvement. Am J Med 1976, 60:321-331.
    • (1976) Am J Med , vol.60 , pp. 321-331
    • Kozin, F.1    McCarty, D.J.2    Sims, J.3    Genant, H.4
  • 234
    • 0035956495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The important role of neuropeptides in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Birklein F., Schmelz M., Schifter S., Weber M. The important role of neuropeptides in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2001, 57:2179-2184.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 2179-2184
    • Birklein, F.1    Schmelz, M.2    Schifter, S.3    Weber, M.4
  • 235
    • 33645739008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mediators are altered in the acute phase of posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome
    • Schinkel C., Gaertner A., Zaspel J., Zedler S., Faist E., Schuermann M. Inflammatory mediators are altered in the acute phase of posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:235-239.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 235-239
    • Schinkel, C.1    Gaertner, A.2    Zaspel, J.3    Zedler, S.4    Faist, E.5    Schuermann, M.6
  • 236
    • 33750400411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral amplification of sweating-a role for calcitonin gene-related peptide
    • Schlereth T., Dittmar J.O., Seewald B., Birklein F. Peripheral amplification of sweating-a role for calcitonin gene-related peptide. J Physiol 2006, 576:823-832.
    • (2006) J Physiol , vol.576 , pp. 823-832
    • Schlereth, T.1    Dittmar, J.O.2    Seewald, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 237
    • 63349084176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic inflammatory mediators in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I)-longitudinal investigations and differences to control groups
    • Schinkel C., Scherens A., Koller M., Roellecke G., Muhr G., Maier C. Systemic inflammatory mediators in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I)-longitudinal investigations and differences to control groups. Eur J Med Res 2009, 14:130-135.
    • (2009) Eur J Med Res , vol.14 , pp. 130-135
    • Schinkel, C.1    Scherens, A.2    Koller, M.3    Roellecke, G.4    Muhr, G.5    Maier, C.6
  • 239
    • 0035076357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Weber M., Birklein F., Neundörfer B., Schmelz M. Facilitated neurogenic inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2001, 91:251-257.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 251-257
    • Weber, M.1    Birklein, F.2    Neundörfer, B.3    Schmelz, M.4
  • 240
    • 0035258048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenic inflammation in human and rodent skin
    • Schmelz M., Petersen L.J. Neurogenic inflammation in human and rodent skin. News Physiol Sci 2001, 16:33-37.
    • (2001) News Physiol Sci , vol.16 , pp. 33-37
    • Schmelz, M.1    Petersen, L.J.2
  • 241
    • 67649470432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-junctional facilitation of substance P signaling in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Wei T., Li W.W., Guo T.Z., Zhao R., Wang L., Clark D.J., et al. Post-junctional facilitation of substance P signaling in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2009, 144:278-286.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.144 , pp. 278-286
    • Wei, T.1    Li, W.W.2    Guo, T.Z.3    Zhao, R.4    Wang, L.5    Clark, D.J.6
  • 242
    • 84870055568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide deficient mice have attenuated nociceptive, vascular, and inflammatory changes in a tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Guo T.Z., Wei T., Shi X., Li W.W., Hou S., Wang L., et al. Neuropeptide deficient mice have attenuated nociceptive, vascular, and inflammatory changes in a tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome. Mol Pain 2012, 8:85.
    • (2012) Mol Pain , vol.8 , pp. 85
    • Guo, T.Z.1    Wei, T.2    Shi, X.3    Li, W.W.4    Hou, S.5    Wang, L.6
  • 243
    • 0038500684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A substance P receptor (NK1) antagonist can reverse vascular and nociceptive abnormalities in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type II
    • Kingery W.S., Davies M.F., Clark J.D. A substance P receptor (NK1) antagonist can reverse vascular and nociceptive abnormalities in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type II. Pain 2003, 104:75-84.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.104 , pp. 75-84
    • Kingery, W.S.1    Davies, M.F.2    Clark, J.D.3
  • 244
    • 84866762789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keratinocyte expression of inflammatory mediators plays a crucial role in substance P-induced acute and chronic pain
    • Wei T., Guo T.Z., Li W.W., Hou S., Kingery W.S., Clark J.D. Keratinocyte expression of inflammatory mediators plays a crucial role in substance P-induced acute and chronic pain. J Neuroinflammation 2012, 9:181.
    • (2012) J Neuroinflammation , vol.9 , pp. 181
    • Wei, T.1    Guo, T.Z.2    Li, W.W.3    Hou, S.4    Kingery, W.S.5    Clark, J.D.6
  • 245
    • 79952116085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of neuropeptide, cytokine, and growth factor signaling in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Kingery W.S. Role of neuropeptide, cytokine, and growth factor signaling in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med 2010, 11:1239-1250.
    • (2010) Pain Med , vol.11 , pp. 1239-1250
    • Kingery, W.S.1
  • 246
    • 33845500739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased endothelin-1 and diminished nitric oxide levels in blister fluids of patients with intermediate cold type complex regional pain syndrome type 1
    • Groeneweg J.G., Huygen F.J., Heijmans-Antonissen C., Niehof S., Zijlstra F.J. Increased endothelin-1 and diminished nitric oxide levels in blister fluids of patients with intermediate cold type complex regional pain syndrome type 1. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2006, 7:91.
    • (2006) BMC Musculoskelet Disord , vol.7 , pp. 91
    • Groeneweg, J.G.1    Huygen, F.J.2    Heijmans-Antonissen, C.3    Niehof, S.4    Zijlstra, F.J.5
  • 247
    • 48749090884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 in skin tissue from amputated limbs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Groeneweg J.G., Antonissen C.H., Huygen F.J., Zijlstra F.J. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 in skin tissue from amputated limbs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2008, 2008:680981.
    • (2008) Mediators Inflamm , vol.2008 , pp. 680981
    • Groeneweg, J.G.1    Antonissen, C.H.2    Huygen, F.J.3    Zijlstra, F.J.4
  • 248
    • 69549122371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No recovery of cold complex regional pain syndrome after transdermal isosorbide dinitrate: a small controlled trial
    • Groeneweg J.G., Huygen F.J., Niehof S.P., Wesseldijk F., Bussmann J.B., Schasfoort F.C., et al. No recovery of cold complex regional pain syndrome after transdermal isosorbide dinitrate: a small controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009, 38:401-408.
    • (2009) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.38 , pp. 401-408
    • Groeneweg, J.G.1    Huygen, F.J.2    Niehof, S.P.3    Wesseldijk, F.4    Bussmann, J.B.5    Schasfoort, F.C.6
  • 249
    • 8644247669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma endothelin-1 levels in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Eisenberg E., Erlich T., Zinder O., Lichinsky S., Diamond E., Pud D., et al. Plasma endothelin-1 levels in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Eur J Pain 2004, 8:533-538.
    • (2004) Eur J Pain , vol.8 , pp. 533-538
    • Eisenberg, E.1    Erlich, T.2    Zinder, O.3    Lichinsky, S.4    Diamond, E.5    Pud, D.6
  • 250
    • 38049082291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory mediators in chronic complex regional pain syndrome related dystonia
    • Munts A.G., Zijlstra F.J., Nibbering P.H., Daha M.R., Marinus J., Dahan A., et al. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory mediators in chronic complex regional pain syndrome related dystonia. Clin J Pain 2008, 24:30-34.
    • (2008) Clin J Pain , vol.24 , pp. 30-34
    • Munts, A.G.1    Zijlstra, F.J.2    Nibbering, P.H.3    Daha, M.R.4    Marinus, J.5    Dahan, A.6
  • 251
    • 0034518949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in human skin-a microdialysis study
    • Weidner C., Klede M., Rukwied R., Lischetzki G., Neisius U., Skov P.S., et al. Acute effects of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in human skin-a microdialysis study. J Invest Dermatol 2000, 115:1015-1020.
    • (2000) J Invest Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 1015-1020
    • Weidner, C.1    Klede, M.2    Rukwied, R.3    Lischetzki, G.4    Neisius, U.5    Skov, P.S.6
  • 252
    • 34548689372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intra-arterial application of substance P induces signs and symptoms of experimental complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) such as edema, inflammation and mechanical pain but no thermal pain
    • Gradl G., Finke B., Schattner S., Gierer P., Mittlmeier T., Vollmar B. Continuous intra-arterial application of substance P induces signs and symptoms of experimental complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) such as edema, inflammation and mechanical pain but no thermal pain. Neuroscience 2007, 148:757-765.
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.148 , pp. 757-765
    • Gradl, G.1    Finke, B.2    Schattner, S.3    Gierer, P.4    Mittlmeier, T.5    Vollmar, B.6
  • 253
    • 79960226528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptides contribute to peripheral nociceptive sensitization by regulating interleukin-1beta production in keratinocytes
    • Shi X., Wang L., Li X., Sahbaie P., Kingery W.S., Clark J.D. Neuropeptides contribute to peripheral nociceptive sensitization by regulating interleukin-1beta production in keratinocytes. Anesth Analg 2011, 113:175-183.
    • (2011) Anesth Analg , vol.113 , pp. 175-183
    • Shi, X.1    Wang, L.2    Li, X.3    Sahbaie, P.4    Kingery, W.S.5    Clark, J.D.6
  • 254
    • 78049456264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture induces keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and expression of pro-nociceptive inflammatory mediators
    • Li W.W., Guo T.Z., Li X.Q., Kingery W.S., Clark J.D. Fracture induces keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and expression of pro-nociceptive inflammatory mediators. Pain 2010, 151:843-852.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.151 , pp. 843-852
    • Li, W.W.1    Guo, T.Z.2    Li, X.Q.3    Kingery, W.S.4    Clark, J.D.5
  • 255
    • 70449674211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NALP1 inflammasome controls cytokine production and nociception in a rat fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Li W.W., Guo T.Z., Liang D., Shi X., Wei T., Kingery W.S., et al. The NALP1 inflammasome controls cytokine production and nociception in a rat fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2009, 147:277-286.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.147 , pp. 277-286
    • Li, W.W.1    Guo, T.Z.2    Liang, D.3    Shi, X.4    Wei, T.5    Kingery, W.S.6
  • 256
    • 67649479256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of enhanced cutaneous IL-1beta signaling in a rat tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Li W.W., Sabsovich I., Guo T.Z., Zhao R., Kingery W.S., Clark J.D. The role of enhanced cutaneous IL-1beta signaling in a rat tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2009, 144:303-313.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.144 , pp. 303-313
    • Li, W.W.1    Sabsovich, I.2    Guo, T.Z.3    Zhao, R.4    Kingery, W.S.5    Clark, J.D.6
  • 257
    • 60649089969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pentoxifylline attenuates nociceptive sensitization and cytokine expression in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Wei T., Sabsovich I., Guo T.Z., Shi X., Zhao R., Li W., et al. Pentoxifylline attenuates nociceptive sensitization and cytokine expression in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome. Eur J Pain 2009, 13:253-262.
    • (2009) Eur J Pain , vol.13 , pp. 253-262
    • Wei, T.1    Sabsovich, I.2    Guo, T.Z.3    Shi, X.4    Zhao, R.5    Li, W.6
  • 258
    • 47249113399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF signaling contributes to the development of nociceptive sensitization in a tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Sabsovich I., Guo T.Z., Wei T., Zhao R., Li X., Clark D.J., et al. TNF signaling contributes to the development of nociceptive sensitization in a tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2008, 137:507-519.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.137 , pp. 507-519
    • Sabsovich, I.1    Guo, T.Z.2    Wei, T.3    Zhao, R.4    Li, X.5    Clark, D.J.6
  • 259
    • 47249145680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of anti-NGF antibodies in a rat tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Sabsovich I., Wei T., Guo T.Z., Zhao R., Shi X., Li X., et al. Effect of anti-NGF antibodies in a rat tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2008, 138:47-60.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.138 , pp. 47-60
    • Sabsovich, I.1    Wei, T.2    Guo, T.Z.3    Zhao, R.4    Shi, X.5    Li, X.6
  • 260
    • 67349164309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of cytokines on nociceptive neurons
    • Üceyler N., Schäfers M., Sommer C. Mode of action of cytokines on nociceptive neurons. Exp Brain Res 2009, 196:67-78.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.196 , pp. 67-78
    • Üceyler, N.1    Schäfers, M.2    Sommer, C.3
  • 261
    • 84862777073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance P signaling controls mast cell activation, degranulation, and nociceptive sensitization in a rat fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Li W.W., Guo T.Z., Liang D.Y., Sun Y., Kingery W.S., Clark J.D. Substance P signaling controls mast cell activation, degranulation, and nociceptive sensitization in a rat fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome. Anesthesiology 2012, 116:882-895.
    • (2012) Anesthesiology , vol.116 , pp. 882-895
    • Li, W.W.1    Guo, T.Z.2    Liang, D.Y.3    Sun, Y.4    Kingery, W.S.5    Clark, J.D.6
  • 262
    • 0027406813 scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor-induced hyperalgesia in the neonatal and adult rat
    • Lewin G.R., Ritter A.M., Mendell L.M. Nerve growth factor-induced hyperalgesia in the neonatal and adult rat. J Neurosci 1993, 13:2136-2148.
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 2136-2148
    • Lewin, G.R.1    Ritter, A.M.2    Mendell, L.M.3
  • 263
    • 77950801122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha and neuropathic pain-a review
    • Leung L., Cahill C.M. TNF-alpha and neuropathic pain-a review. J Neuroinflammation 2010, 7:27.
    • (2010) J Neuroinflammation , vol.7 , pp. 27
    • Leung, L.1    Cahill, C.M.2
  • 264
    • 43049154803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cytokines on neuronal excitability
    • Schäfers M., Sorkin L. Effect of cytokines on neuronal excitability. Neurosci Lett 2008, 437:188-193.
    • (2008) Neurosci Lett , vol.437 , pp. 188-193
    • Schäfers, M.1    Sorkin, L.2
  • 265
    • 70349934573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of peptides in central sensitization
    • Seybold V.S. The role of peptides in central sensitization. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009, 451-491.
    • (2009) Handb Exp Pharmacol , pp. 451-491
    • Seybold, V.S.1
  • 266
    • 68949189686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity
    • Latremoliere A., Woolf C.J. Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. J Pain 2009, 10:895-926.
    • (2009) J Pain , vol.10 , pp. 895-926
    • Latremoliere, A.1    Woolf, C.J.2
  • 267
    • 79951579664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain
    • Woolf C.J. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 2011, 152:S2-S15.
    • (2011) Pain , vol.152
    • Woolf, C.J.1
  • 268
    • 72749098094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical but not painful electrical stimuli trigger TNF alpha release in human skin
    • Eberle T., Doganci B., Kramer H., Fechir M., Wagner I., Sommer C., et al. Mechanical but not painful electrical stimuli trigger TNF alpha release in human skin. Exp Neurol 2010, 221:246-250.
    • (2010) Exp Neurol , vol.221 , pp. 246-250
    • Eberle, T.1    Doganci, B.2    Kramer, H.3    Fechir, M.4    Wagner, I.5    Sommer, C.6
  • 270
    • 33645218184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplex bead array assay for detection of 25 soluble cytokines in blister fluid of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1
    • Heijmans-Antonissen C., Wesseldijk F., Munnikes R.J., Huygen F.J., van der Meijden P., Hop W.C., et al. Multiplex bead array assay for detection of 25 soluble cytokines in blister fluid of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 2006, 2006:28398.
    • (2006) Mediators Inflamm , vol.2006 , pp. 28398
    • Heijmans-Antonissen, C.1    Wesseldijk, F.2    Munnikes, R.J.3    Huygen, F.J.4    van der Meijden, P.5    Hop, W.C.6
  • 271
    • 44649087709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 are not correlated with the characteristics of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 in 66 patients
    • Wesseldijk F., Huygen F.J., Heijmans-Antonissen C., Niehof S.P., Zijlstra F.J. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 are not correlated with the characteristics of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 in 66 patients. Eur J Pain 2008, 12:716-721.
    • (2008) Eur J Pain , vol.12 , pp. 716-721
    • Wesseldijk, F.1    Huygen, F.J.2    Heijmans-Antonissen, C.3    Niehof, S.P.4    Zijlstra, F.J.5
  • 272
    • 47349127001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six years follow-up of the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1
    • Wesseldijk F., Huygen F.J., Heijmans-Antonissen C., Niehof S.P., Zijlstra F.J. Six years follow-up of the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 2008, 2008:469439.
    • (2008) Mediators Inflamm , vol.2008 , pp. 469439
    • Wesseldijk, F.1    Huygen, F.J.2    Heijmans-Antonissen, C.3    Niehof, S.P.4    Zijlstra, F.J.5
  • 273
    • 78651473454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha in CRPS and 'normal' trauma-significant differences between tissue and serum
    • Krämer H.H., Eberle T., Üceyler N., Wagner I., Klonschinsky T., Müller L.P., et al. TNF-alpha in CRPS and 'normal' trauma-significant differences between tissue and serum. Pain 2011, 152:285-290.
    • (2011) Pain , vol.152 , pp. 285-290
    • Krämer, H.H.1    Eberle, T.2    Üceyler, N.3    Wagner, I.4    Klonschinsky, T.5    Müller, L.P.6
  • 274
    • 1542302602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1
    • Huygen F.J., Ramdhani N., van Toorenenbergen A., Klein J., Zijlstra F.J. Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1. Immunol Lett 2004, 91:147-154.
    • (2004) Immunol Lett , vol.91 , pp. 147-154
    • Huygen, F.J.1    Ramdhani, N.2    van Toorenenbergen, A.3    Klein, J.4    Zijlstra, F.J.5
  • 275
    • 79952531906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated blood levels of inflammatory monocytes (CD14+ CD16+) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Ritz B.W., Alexander G.M., Nogusa S., Perreault M.J., Peterlin B.L., Grothusen J.R., et al. Elevated blood levels of inflammatory monocytes (CD14+ CD16+) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2011, 164:108-117.
    • (2011) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 108-117
    • Ritz, B.W.1    Alexander, G.M.2    Nogusa, S.3    Perreault, M.J.4    Peterlin, B.L.5    Grothusen, J.R.6
  • 276
    • 0035076358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate cytokine profile in patients with complex regional pain syndrome is normal
    • van de Beek W.J., Remarque E.J., Westendorp R.G., van Hilten J.J. Innate cytokine profile in patients with complex regional pain syndrome is normal. Pain 2001, 91:259-261.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 259-261
    • van de Beek, W.J.1    Remarque, E.J.2    Westendorp, R.G.3    van Hilten, J.J.4
  • 277
  • 278
    • 85026138179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: a role for TNF-alpha?
    • Maihöfner C., Handwerker H.O., Neundorfer B., Birklein F. Mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: a role for TNF-alpha?. Neurology 2005, 65:311-313.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 311-313
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 279
    • 1242334088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic factors associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I: HLA DRB and TNFα promoter gene polymorphism
    • Vaneker M., van der Laan L., Allebes W.A., Goris R.J. Genetic factors associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I: HLA DRB and TNFα promoter gene polymorphism. Disabil Med 2002, 2:69-74.
    • (2002) Disabil Med , vol.2 , pp. 69-74
    • Vaneker, M.1    van der Laan, L.2    Allebes, W.A.3    Goris, R.J.4
  • 280
    • 34748854912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful intravenous regional block with low-dose tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody infliximab for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome 1
    • [table of contents]
    • Bernateck M., Rolke R., Birklein F., Treede R.D., Fink M., Karst M. Successful intravenous regional block with low-dose tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody infliximab for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome 1. Anesth Analg 2007, 105:1148-1151. [table of contents].
    • (2007) Anesth Analg , vol.105 , pp. 1148-1151
    • Bernateck, M.1    Rolke, R.2    Birklein, F.3    Treede, R.D.4    Fink, M.5    Karst, M.6
  • 282
    • 0037663729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide has activity in treating complex regional pain syndrome
    • [author reply 1488]
    • Schwartzman R.J., Chevlen E., Bengtson K. Thalidomide has activity in treating complex regional pain syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:1487-1488. [author reply 1488].
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 1487-1488
    • Schwartzman, R.J.1    Chevlen, E.2    Bengtson, K.3
  • 283
    • 84887411974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of a preliminary discontinued double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-TNF-alpha chimeric monoclonal antibody Infliximab in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
    • [in press]
    • Dirckx M., Groeneweg G., Wesseldijk F., Stronks D.L., Huygen F.J. Report of a preliminary discontinued double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-TNF-alpha chimeric monoclonal antibody Infliximab in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain Pract 2013, [in press].
    • (2013) Pain Pract
    • Dirckx, M.1    Groeneweg, G.2    Wesseldijk, F.3    Stronks, D.L.4    Huygen, F.J.5
  • 284
    • 84866432394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Krämer H.H. Immunological aspects of the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Curr Pharm Des 2012, 18:4546-4549.
    • (2012) Curr Pharm Des , vol.18 , pp. 4546-4549
    • Krämer, H.H.1
  • 286
    • 34249658983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in immune and glial markers in the CSF of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
    • Alexander G.M., Perreault M.J., Reichenberger E.R., Schwartzman R.J. Changes in immune and glial markers in the CSF of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2007, 21:668-676.
    • (2007) Brain Behav Immun , vol.21 , pp. 668-676
    • Alexander, G.M.1    Perreault, M.J.2    Reichenberger, E.R.3    Schwartzman, R.J.4
  • 287
    • 56949106793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord histopathological alterations in a patient with longstanding complex regional pain syndrome
    • Del Valle L., Schwartzman R.J., Alexander G. Spinal cord histopathological alterations in a patient with longstanding complex regional pain syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2009, 23:85-91.
    • (2009) Brain Behav Immun , vol.23 , pp. 85-91
    • Del Valle, L.1    Schwartzman, R.J.2    Alexander, G.3
  • 288
    • 5644279346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP): a novel animal model of complex regional pain syndrome-type I (CRPS-I; reflex sympathetic dystrophy) produced by prolonged hindpaw ischemia and reperfusion in the rat
    • Coderre T.J., Xanthos D.N., Francis L., Bennett G.J. Chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP): a novel animal model of complex regional pain syndrome-type I (CRPS-I; reflex sympathetic dystrophy) produced by prolonged hindpaw ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. Pain 2004, 112:94-105.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.112 , pp. 94-105
    • Coderre, T.J.1    Xanthos, D.N.2    Francis, L.3    Bennett, G.J.4
  • 289
    • 34249277772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and sensory changes after direct ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    • Ludwig J., Gorodetskaya N., Schattschneider J., Jänig W., Baron R. Behavioral and sensory changes after direct ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pain 2007, 11:677-684.
    • (2007) Eur J Pain , vol.11 , pp. 677-684
    • Ludwig, J.1    Gorodetskaya, N.2    Schattschneider, J.3    Jänig, W.4    Baron, R.5
  • 290
    • 79952118690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis for the cause of complex regional pain syndrome-type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy): pain due to deep-tissue microvascular pathology
    • Coderre T.J., Bennett G.J. A hypothesis for the cause of complex regional pain syndrome-type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy): pain due to deep-tissue microvascular pathology. Pain Med 2010, 11:1224-1238.
    • (2010) Pain Med , vol.11 , pp. 1224-1238
    • Coderre, T.J.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 291
    • 31644436768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic alterations of cutaneous innervation and vasculature in affected limbs from patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Albrecht P.J., Hines S., Eisenberg E., Pud D., Finlay D.R., Connolly M.K., et al. Pathologic alterations of cutaneous innervation and vasculature in affected limbs from patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2006, 120:244-266.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.120 , pp. 244-266
    • Albrecht, P.J.1    Hines, S.2    Eisenberg, E.3    Pud, D.4    Finlay, D.R.5    Connolly, M.K.6
  • 293
    • 67650032617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I a small-fiber neuropathy?
    • Oaklander A.L., Fields H.L. Is reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I a small-fiber neuropathy?. Ann Neurol 2009, 65:629-638.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 629-638
    • Oaklander, A.L.1    Fields, H.L.2
  • 295
    • 36549066220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Needlestick distal nerve injury in rats models symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome
    • [table of contents]
    • Siegel S.M., Lee J.W., Oaklander A.L. Needlestick distal nerve injury in rats models symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome. Anesth Analg 2007, 105:1820-1829. [table of contents].
    • (2007) Anesth Analg , vol.105 , pp. 1820-1829
    • Siegel, S.M.1    Lee, J.W.2    Oaklander, A.L.3
  • 296
    • 84859546588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoneurial pathology of the needlestick-nerve-injury model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, including rats with and without pain behaviors
    • Klein M.M., Lee J.W., Siegel S.M., Downs H.M., Oaklander A.L. Endoneurial pathology of the needlestick-nerve-injury model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, including rats with and without pain behaviors. Eur J Pain 2012, 16:28-37.
    • (2012) Eur J Pain , vol.16 , pp. 28-37
    • Klein, M.M.1    Lee, J.W.2    Siegel, S.M.3    Downs, H.M.4    Oaklander, A.L.5
  • 298
    • 33645223851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraepidermal nerve fibre density, quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction studies in a patient material with symptoms and signs of sensory polyneuropathy
    • Løseth S., Lindal S., Stålberg E., Mellgren S.I. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density, quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction studies in a patient material with symptoms and signs of sensory polyneuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2006, 13:105-111.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 105-111
    • Løseth, S.1    Lindal, S.2    Stålberg, E.3    Mellgren, S.I.4
  • 299
    • 37749028540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic validity of epidermal nerve fiber densities in painful sensory neuropathies
    • Vlckova-Moravcova E., Bednarik J., Dusek L., Toyka K.V., Sommer C. Diagnostic validity of epidermal nerve fiber densities in painful sensory neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 2008, 37:50-60.
    • (2008) Muscle Nerve , vol.37 , pp. 50-60
    • Vlckova-Moravcova, E.1    Bednarik, J.2    Dusek, L.3    Toyka, K.V.4    Sommer, C.5
  • 301
    • 0036070263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered central sensorimotor processing in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Juottonen K., Gockel M., Silen T., Hurri H., Hari R., Forss N. Altered central sensorimotor processing in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2002, 98:315-323.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.98 , pp. 315-323
    • Juottonen, K.1    Gockel, M.2    Silen, T.3    Hurri, H.4    Hari, R.5    Forss, N.6
  • 302
    • 0346103688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cortical reorganization in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihöfner C., Handwerker H.O., Neundorfer B., Birklein F. Patterns of cortical reorganization in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2003, 61:1707-1715.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 1707-1715
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 303
    • 1542345455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean sustained pain levels are linked to hemispherical side-to-side differences of primary somatosensory cortex in the complex regional pain syndrome I
    • Pleger B., Tegenthoff M., Schwenkreis P., Janssen F., Ragert P., Dinse H.R., et al. Mean sustained pain levels are linked to hemispherical side-to-side differences of primary somatosensory cortex in the complex regional pain syndrome I. Exp Brain Res 2004, 155:115-119.
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.155 , pp. 115-119
    • Pleger, B.1    Tegenthoff, M.2    Schwenkreis, P.3    Janssen, F.4    Ragert, P.5    Dinse, H.R.6
  • 304
    • 4143107914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical reorganization during recovery from complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihöfner C., Handwerker H.O., Neundorfer B., Birklein F. Cortical reorganization during recovery from complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2004, 63:693-701.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 693-701
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Neundorfer, B.3    Birklein, F.4
  • 305
    • 14844337914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor retuning [corrected] in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction
    • Pleger B., Tegenthoff M., Ragert P., Förster A.F., Dinse H.R., Schwenkreis P., et al. Sensorimotor retuning [corrected] in complex regional pain syndrome parallels pain reduction. Ann Neurol 2005, 57:425-429.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 425-429
    • Pleger, B.1    Tegenthoff, M.2    Ragert, P.3    Förster, A.F.4    Dinse, H.R.5    Schwenkreis, P.6
  • 306
    • 30744458821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMS motor cortical brain mapping in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Krause P., Förderreuther S., Straube A. TMS motor cortical brain mapping in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin Neurophysiol 2006, 117:169-176.
    • (2006) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.117 , pp. 169-176
    • Krause, P.1    Förderreuther, S.2    Straube, A.3
  • 307
    • 33746633016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cortical reorganization parallel impaired tactile discrimination and pain intensity in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Pleger B., Ragert P., Schwenkreis P., Förster A.F., Wilimzig C., Dinse H., et al. Patterns of cortical reorganization parallel impaired tactile discrimination and pain intensity in complex regional pain syndrome. Neuroimage 2006, 32:503-510.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.32 , pp. 503-510
    • Pleger, B.1    Ragert, P.2    Schwenkreis, P.3    Förster, A.F.4    Wilimzig, C.5    Dinse, H.6
  • 308
    • 0041931051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand
    • Schwenkreis P., Janssen F., Rommel O., Pleger B., Volker B., Hosbach I., et al. Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand. Neurology 2003, 61:515-519.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 515-519
    • Schwenkreis, P.1    Janssen, F.2    Rommel, O.3    Pleger, B.4    Volker, B.5    Hosbach, I.6
  • 309
    • 11144258739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for cortical hyperexcitability of the affected limb representation area in CRPS: a psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Eisenberg E., Chistyakov A.V., Yudashkin M., Kaplan B., Hafner H., Feinsod M. Evidence for cortical hyperexcitability of the affected limb representation area in CRPS: a psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Pain 2005, 113:99-105.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.113 , pp. 99-105
    • Eisenberg, E.1    Chistyakov, A.V.2    Yudashkin, M.3    Kaplan, B.4    Hafner, H.5    Feinsod, M.6
  • 310
    • 33846051413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor integration in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Turton A.J., McCabe C.S., Harris N., Filipovic S.R. Sensorimotor integration in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Pain 2007, 127:270-275.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.127 , pp. 270-275
    • Turton, A.J.1    McCabe, C.S.2    Harris, N.3    Filipovic, S.R.4
  • 311
    • 80155148465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral somatosensory cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Lenz M., Hoffken O., Stude P., Lissek S., Schwenkreis P., Reinersmann A., et al. Bilateral somatosensory cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Neurology 2011, 77:1096-1101.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 1096-1101
    • Lenz, M.1    Hoffken, O.2    Stude, P.3    Lissek, S.4    Schwenkreis, P.5    Reinersmann, A.6
  • 312
    • 17044362228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)-a unilateral or bilateral phenomenon?
    • [author reply 220-211]
    • Schwenkreis P., Maier C., Tegenthoff M. Motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)-a unilateral or bilateral phenomenon?. Pain 2005, 115:219-220. [author reply 220-211].
    • (2005) Pain , vol.115 , pp. 219-220
    • Schwenkreis, P.1    Maier, C.2    Tegenthoff, M.3
  • 313
    • 24644469013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distorted body image in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Moseley G.L. Distorted body image in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2005, 65:773.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 773
    • Moseley, G.L.1
  • 314
    • 77952111730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wherever is my arm? Impaired upper limb position accuracy in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Lewis J.S., Kersten P., McPherson K.M., Taylor G.J., Harris N., McCabe C.S., et al. Wherever is my arm? Impaired upper limb position accuracy in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2010, 149:463-469.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.149 , pp. 463-469
    • Lewis, J.S.1    Kersten, P.2    McPherson, K.M.3    Taylor, G.J.4    Harris, N.5    McCabe, C.S.6
  • 315
    • 2942755927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand?
    • Moseley G.L. Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand?. Neurology 2004, 62:2182-2186.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 2182-2186
    • Moseley, G.L.1
  • 316
    • 0034784229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain and the body schema: evidence for peripheral effects on mental representations of movement
    • Schwoebel J., Friedman R., Duda N., Coslett H.B. Pain and the body schema: evidence for peripheral effects on mental representations of movement. Brain 2001, 124:2098-2104.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 2098-2104
    • Schwoebel, J.1    Friedman, R.2    Duda, N.3    Coslett, H.B.4
  • 317
    • 0037056375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain and the body schema: effects of pain severity on mental representations of movement
    • Schwoebel J., Coslett H.B., Bradt J., Friedman R., Dileo C. Pain and the body schema: effects of pain severity on mental representations of movement. Neurology 2002, 59:775-777.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 775-777
    • Schwoebel, J.1    Coslett, H.B.2    Bradt, J.3    Friedman, R.4    Dileo, C.5
  • 318
    • 78049379148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left is where the L is right. Significantly delayed reaction time in limb laterality recognition in both CRPS and phantom limb pain patients
    • Reinersmann A., Haarmeyer G.S., Blankenburg M., Frettloh J., Krumova E.K., Ocklenburg S., et al. Left is where the L is right. Significantly delayed reaction time in limb laterality recognition in both CRPS and phantom limb pain patients. Neurosci Lett 2010, 486:240-245.
    • (2010) Neurosci Lett , vol.486 , pp. 240-245
    • Reinersmann, A.1    Haarmeyer, G.S.2    Blankenburg, M.3    Frettloh, J.4    Krumova, E.K.5    Ocklenburg, S.6
  • 319
    • 37849036070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral activation during motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 with dystonia
    • Gieteling E.W., van Rijn M.A., de Jong B.M., Hoogduin J.M., Renken R., van Hilten J.J., et al. Cerebral activation during motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 with dystonia. Pain 2008, 134:302-309.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.134 , pp. 302-309
    • Gieteling, E.W.1    van Rijn, M.A.2    de Jong, B.M.3    Hoogduin, J.M.4    Renken, R.5    van Hilten, J.J.6
  • 321
    • 73249126529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) impairs visuospatial perception, whereas post-herpetic neuralgia does not: possible implications for supraspinal mechanism of CRPS
    • Uematsu H., Sumitani M., Yozu A., Otake Y., Shibata M., Mashimo T., et al. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) impairs visuospatial perception, whereas post-herpetic neuralgia does not: possible implications for supraspinal mechanism of CRPS. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009, 38:931-936.
    • (2009) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.38 , pp. 931-936
    • Uematsu, H.1    Sumitani, M.2    Yozu, A.3    Otake, Y.4    Shibata, M.5    Mashimo, T.6
  • 322
    • 84867579515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired spatial body representation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS I)
    • Reinersmann A., Landwehrt J., Krumova E.K., Ocklenburg S., Gunturkun O., Maier C. Impaired spatial body representation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS I). Pain 2012, 153:2174-2181.
    • (2012) Pain , vol.153 , pp. 2174-2181
    • Reinersmann, A.1    Landwehrt, J.2    Krumova, E.K.3    Ocklenburg, S.4    Gunturkun, O.5    Maier, C.6
  • 323
    • 0034989485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapersonal visual unilateral spatial neglect and its neuroanatomy
    • Vallar G. Extrapersonal visual unilateral spatial neglect and its neuroanatomy. Neuroimage 2001, 14:S52-S58.
    • (2001) Neuroimage , vol.14
    • Vallar, G.1
  • 325
    • 0032887439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: results of a self-administered survey
    • Galer B.S., Jensen M. Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: results of a self-administered survey. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999, 18:213-217.
    • (1999) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.18 , pp. 213-217
    • Galer, B.S.1    Jensen, M.2
  • 326
    • 70350694045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space-based, but not arm-based, shift in tactile processing in complex regional pain syndrome and its relationship to cooling of the affected limb
    • Moseley G.L., Gallace A., Spence C. Space-based, but not arm-based, shift in tactile processing in complex regional pain syndrome and its relationship to cooling of the affected limb. Brain 2009, 132:3142-3151.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 3142-3151
    • Moseley, G.L.1    Gallace, A.2    Spence, C.3
  • 327
    • 33746792902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity and specificity of neglect-like symptoms in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared to chronic limb pain of other origins
    • Frettlöh J., Hüppe M., Maier C. Severity and specificity of neglect-like symptoms in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) compared to chronic limb pain of other origins. Pain 2006, 124:184-189.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.124 , pp. 184-189
    • Frettlöh, J.1    Hüppe, M.2    Maier, C.3
  • 328
    • 84859923909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive correlates of "neglect-like syndrome" in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
    • Kolb L., Lang C., Seifert F., Maihofner C. Cognitive correlates of "neglect-like syndrome" in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2012, 153:1063-1073.
    • (2012) Pain , vol.153 , pp. 1063-1073
    • Kolb, L.1    Lang, C.2    Seifert, F.3    Maihofner, C.4
  • 329
    • 36249021564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body perception disturbance: a contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Lewis J.S., Kersten P., McCabe C.S., McPherson K.M., Blake D.R. Body perception disturbance: a contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 2007, 133:111-119.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.133 , pp. 111-119
    • Lewis, J.S.1    Kersten, P.2    McCabe, C.S.3    McPherson, K.M.4    Blake, D.R.5
  • 330
    • 18744386689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating sensory-motor incongruence in healthy volunteers: implications for a cortical model of pain
    • McCabe C.S., Haigh R.C., Halligan P.W., Blake D.R. Simulating sensory-motor incongruence in healthy volunteers: implications for a cortical model of pain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005, 44:509-516.
    • (2005) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.44 , pp. 509-516
    • McCabe, C.S.1    Haigh, R.C.2    Halligan, P.W.3    Blake, D.R.4
  • 331
    • 84872775835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of the painful body: the relationship between body perception disturbance, pain and tactile discrimination in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Lewis J.S., Schweinhardt P. Perceptions of the painful body: the relationship between body perception disturbance, pain and tactile discrimination in complex regional pain syndrome. Eur J Pain 2012, 16:1320-1330.
    • (2012) Eur J Pain , vol.16 , pp. 1320-1330
    • Lewis, J.S.1    Schweinhardt, P.2
  • 332
    • 34547451102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation
    • Tracey I., Mantyh P.W. The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation. Neuron 2007, 55:377-391.
    • (2007) Neuron , vol.55 , pp. 377-391
    • Tracey, I.1    Mantyh, P.W.2
  • 333
    • 20644472635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease
    • Apkarian A.V., Bushnell M.C., Treede R.D., Zubieta J.K. Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease. Eur J Pain 2005, 9:463-484.
    • (2005) Eur J Pain , vol.9 , pp. 463-484
    • Apkarian, A.V.1    Bushnell, M.C.2    Treede, R.D.3    Zubieta, J.K.4
  • 334
    • 33645875897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging of allodynia in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Maihöfner C., Handwerker H.O., Birklein F. Functional imaging of allodynia in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology 2006, 66:711-717.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 711-717
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Handwerker, H.O.2    Birklein, F.3
  • 335
    • 46849103379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FMRI reveals distinct CNS processing during symptomatic and recovered complex regional pain syndrome in children
    • Lebel A., Becerra L., Wallin D., Moulton E.A., Morris S., Pendse G., et al. fMRI reveals distinct CNS processing during symptomatic and recovered complex regional pain syndrome in children. Brain 2008, 131:1854-1879.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 1854-1879
    • Lebel, A.1    Becerra, L.2    Wallin, D.3    Moulton, E.A.4    Morris, S.5    Pendse, G.6
  • 336
    • 14044264041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain processing during mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: a functional MRI study
    • Maihöfner C., Forster C., Birklein F., Neundörfer B., Handwerker H.O. Brain processing during mechanical hyperalgesia in complex regional pain syndrome: a functional MRI study. Pain 2005, 114:93-103.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.114 , pp. 93-103
    • Maihöfner, C.1    Forster, C.2    Birklein, F.3    Neundörfer, B.4    Handwerker, H.O.5
  • 337
    • 58149233771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying brain activity specifically related to the maintenance and perceptual consequence of central sensitization in humans
    • Lee M.C., Zambreanu L., Menon D.K., Tracey I. Identifying brain activity specifically related to the maintenance and perceptual consequence of central sensitization in humans. J Neurosci 2008, 28:11642-11649.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 11642-11649
    • Lee, M.C.1    Zambreanu, L.2    Menon, D.K.3    Tracey, I.4
  • 338
    • 84875087065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient and persistent pain induced connectivity alterations in pediatric complex regional pain syndrome
    • Linnman C., Becerra L., Lebel A., Berde C., Grant P.E., Borsook D. Transient and persistent pain induced connectivity alterations in pediatric complex regional pain syndrome. PLoS One 2013, 8:e57205.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Linnman, C.1    Becerra, L.2    Lebel, A.3    Berde, C.4    Grant, P.E.5    Borsook, D.6
  • 339
    • 56349140610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain in chronic CRPS pain: abnormal gray-white matter interactions in emotional and autonomic regions
    • Geha P.Y., Baliki M.N., Harden R.N., Bauer W.R., Parrish T.B., Apkarian A.V. The brain in chronic CRPS pain: abnormal gray-white matter interactions in emotional and autonomic regions. Neuron 2008, 60:570-581.
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.60 , pp. 570-581
    • Geha, P.Y.1    Baliki, M.N.2    Harden, R.N.3    Bauer, W.R.4    Parrish, T.B.5    Apkarian, A.V.6
  • 341
    • 77951472964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different activation of opercular and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I) compared with healthy controls during perception of electrically induced pain: a functional MRI study
    • Freund W., Wunderlich A.P., Stuber G., Mayer F., Steffen P., Mentzel M., et al. Different activation of opercular and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I) compared with healthy controls during perception of electrically induced pain: a functional MRI study. Clin J Pain 2010, 26:339-347.
    • (2010) Clin J Pain , vol.26 , pp. 339-347
    • Freund, W.1    Wunderlich, A.P.2    Stuber, G.3    Mayer, F.4    Steffen, P.5    Mentzel, M.6
  • 342
    • 80053912235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of periaqueductal gray and cingulate cortex during suppression of pain in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Freund W., Wunderlich A.P., Stuber G., Mayer F., Steffen P., Mentzel M., et al. The role of periaqueductal gray and cingulate cortex during suppression of pain in complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2011, 27:796-804.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 796-804
    • Freund, W.1    Wunderlich, A.P.2    Stuber, G.3    Mayer, F.4    Steffen, P.5    Mentzel, M.6
  • 343
    • 64849088689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential endogenous pain modulation in complex-regional pain syndrome
    • Seifert F., Kiefer G., DeCol R., Schmelz M., Maihofner C. Differential endogenous pain modulation in complex-regional pain syndrome. Brain 2009, 132:788-800.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 788-800
    • Seifert, F.1    Kiefer, G.2    DeCol, R.3    Schmelz, M.4    Maihofner, C.5
  • 344
    • 2442453353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distrofia simpático refleja de extremidades inferiores, politópica y recurrente en dos hermanos [Polytopic and recurrent reflex sympathetic dystrophy in lower limbs in two siblings]
    • Bruscas Izu C., Beltran Audera C.H., Jimenez Zorzo F. Distrofia simpático refleja de extremidades inferiores, politópica y recurrente en dos hermanos [Polytopic and recurrent reflex sympathetic dystrophy in lower limbs in two siblings]. An Med Interna 2004, 21:183-184.
    • (2004) An Med Interna , vol.21 , pp. 183-184
    • Bruscas Izu, C.1    Beltran Audera, C.H.2    Jimenez, Z.F.3
  • 345
    • 2342624491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polymorphic locus in the intron 16 of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is not correlated with complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I)
    • Hühne K., Leis S., Schmelz M., Rautenstrauss B., Birklein F. A polymorphic locus in the intron 16 of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is not correlated with complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I). Eur J Pain 2004, 8:221-225.
    • (2004) Eur J Pain , vol.8 , pp. 221-225
    • Hühne, K.1    Leis, S.2    Schmelz, M.3    Rautenstrauss, B.4    Birklein, F.5
  • 347
    • 0026577119 scopus 로고
    • 'Familial' reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome and amputation
    • Erdmann M.W., Wynn-Jones C.H. 'Familial' reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome and amputation. Injury 1992, 23:136-138.
    • (1992) Injury , vol.23 , pp. 136-138
    • Erdmann, M.W.1    Wynn-Jones, C.H.2
  • 348
    • 0345640341 scopus 로고
    • Familial occurrences of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Greipp M.E., Thomas A.F. Familial occurrences of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Clin J Pain 1991, 7:48.
    • (1991) Clin J Pain , vol.7 , pp. 48
    • Greipp, M.E.1    Thomas, A.F.2
  • 350
    • 0020548156 scopus 로고
    • Three brothers with algodystrophy of the hip
    • Albert J., Ott H. Three brothers with algodystrophy of the hip. Ann Rheum Dis 1983, 42:421-424.
    • (1983) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.42 , pp. 421-424
    • Albert, J.1    Ott, H.2
  • 352
    • 0033932794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome: a distinct clinical entity associated with HLA-DR13
    • van Hilten J.J., van de Beek W.J., Roep B.O. Multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome: a distinct clinical entity associated with HLA-DR13. Ann Neurol 2000, 48:113-116.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 113-116
    • van Hilten, J.J.1    van de Beek, W.J.2    Roep, B.O.3
  • 355
    • 69049111697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-B62 and HLA-DQ8 are associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with fixed dystonia
    • de Rooij A.M., Florencia Gosso M., Haasnoot G.W., Marinus J., Verduijn W., Claas F.H., et al. HLA-B62 and HLA-DQ8 are associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with fixed dystonia. Pain 2009, 145:82-85.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.145 , pp. 82-85
    • de Rooij, A.M.1    Florencia Gosso, M.2    Haasnoot, G.W.3    Marinus, J.4    Verduijn, W.5    Claas, F.H.6
  • 356
    • 0029889380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha 1a-adrenoceptor polymorphism: pharmacological characterization and association with benign prostatic hypertrophy
    • Shibata K., Hirasawa A., Moriyama N., Kawabe K., Ogawa S., Tsujimoto G. Alpha 1a-adrenoceptor polymorphism: pharmacological characterization and association with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 1996, 118:1403-1408.
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.118 , pp. 1403-1408
    • Shibata, K.1    Hirasawa, A.2    Moriyama, N.3    Kawabe, K.4    Ogawa, S.5    Tsujimoto, G.6
  • 357
    • 61749094664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between ACE inhibitors and the complex regional pain syndrome: suggestions for a neuro-inflammatory pathogenesis of CRPS
    • de Mos M., Huygen F.J., Stricker B.H., Dieleman J.P., Sturkenboom M.C. The association between ACE inhibitors and the complex regional pain syndrome: suggestions for a neuro-inflammatory pathogenesis of CRPS. Pain 2009, 142:218-224.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.142 , pp. 218-224
    • de Mos, M.1    Huygen, F.J.2    Stricker, B.H.3    Dieleman, J.P.4    Sturkenboom, M.C.5
  • 358
    • 0000369038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in patients with neuropathic pain
    • IASP Press, Seattle, M. Devor, M. Rowbotham, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin (Eds.) Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Pain
    • Kimura T., Komatsu T., Hosada R., Nishiwaki K., Shimada Y. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in patients with neuropathic pain. Progress in Pain Research and Management 2000, vol. 16:471-476. IASP Press, Seattle. M. Devor, M. Rowbotham, Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin (Eds.).
    • (2000) Progress in Pain Research and Management , vol.16 , pp. 471-476
    • Kimura, T.1    Komatsu, T.2    Hosada, R.3    Nishiwaki, K.4    Shimada, Y.5
  • 359
    • 76949108027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of genetic association of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
    • Huehne K., Schaal U., Leis S., Uebe S., Gosso M.F., van den Maagdenberg A.M., et al. Lack of genetic association of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Neurosci Lett 2010, 472:19-23.
    • (2010) Neurosci Lett , vol.472 , pp. 19-23
    • Huehne, K.1    Schaal, U.2    Leis, S.3    Uebe, S.4    Gosso, M.F.5    van den Maagdenberg, A.M.6
  • 360
    • 0034930722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent and migratory reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children
    • Tong H.C., Nelson V.S. Recurrent and migratory reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. Pediatr Rehabil 2000, 4:87-89.
    • (2000) Pediatr Rehabil , vol.4 , pp. 87-89
    • Tong, H.C.1    Nelson, V.S.2
  • 362
    • 33745074405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of recurrent and migratory complex regional pain syndrome type I: Prevention by gabapentin
    • Akkus S., Yorgancigil H., Yener M. A case of recurrent and migratory complex regional pain syndrome type I: Prevention by gabapentin. Rheumatol Int 2006, 26:852-854.
    • (2006) Rheumatol Int , vol.26 , pp. 852-854
    • Akkus, S.1    Yorgancigil, H.2    Yener, M.3
  • 363
    • 77956253178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migraine may be a risk factor for the development of complex regional pain syndrome
    • Peterlin B.L., Rosso A.L., Nair S., Young W.B., Schwartzman R.J. Migraine may be a risk factor for the development of complex regional pain syndrome. Cephalalgia 2010, 30:214-223.
    • (2010) Cephalalgia , vol.30 , pp. 214-223
    • Peterlin, B.L.1    Rosso, A.L.2    Nair, S.3    Young, W.B.4    Schwartzman, R.J.5
  • 365
    • 67349240439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome bind to a differentiation-dependent neuronal surface autoantigen
    • Kohr D., Tschernatsch M., Schmitz K., Singh P., Kaps M., Schäfer K.H., et al. Autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome bind to a differentiation-dependent neuronal surface autoantigen. Pain 2009, 143:246-251.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.143 , pp. 246-251
    • Kohr, D.1    Tschernatsch, M.2    Schmitz, K.3    Singh, P.4    Kaps, M.5    Schäfer, K.H.6
  • 366
    • 81055156268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity against the beta2 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic-2 receptor in complex regional pain syndrome
    • Kohr D., Singh P., Tschernatsch M., Kaps M., Pouokam E., Diener M., et al. Autoimmunity against the beta2 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic-2 receptor in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2011, 152:2690-2700.
    • (2011) Pain , vol.152 , pp. 2690-2700
    • Kohr, D.1    Singh, P.2    Tschernatsch, M.3    Kaps, M.4    Pouokam, E.5    Diener, M.6
  • 367
    • 84877058981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome, prototype of a novel kind of autoimmune disease
    • Goebel A., Blaes F. Complex regional pain syndrome, prototype of a novel kind of autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2013, 12:682-686.
    • (2013) Autoimmun Rev , vol.12 , pp. 682-686
    • Goebel, A.1    Blaes, F.2
  • 368
    • 0034660233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome measures for complex regional pain syndrome type I: an overview in the context of the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps
    • Schasfoort F.C., Bussmann J.B., Stam H.J. Outcome measures for complex regional pain syndrome type I: an overview in the context of the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Disabil Rehabil 2000, 22:387-398.
    • (2000) Disabil Rehabil , vol.22 , pp. 387-398
    • Schasfoort, F.C.1    Bussmann, J.B.2    Stam, H.J.3
  • 369
    • 0037379934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with free radical scavengers: a randomized controlled study
    • Perez R.S., Zuurmond W.W., Bezemer P.D., Kuik D.J., van Loenen A.C., de Lange J.J., et al. The treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with free radical scavengers: a randomized controlled study. Pain 2003, 102:297-307.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.102 , pp. 297-307
    • Perez, R.S.1    Zuurmond, W.W.2    Bezemer, P.D.3    Kuik, D.J.4    van Loenen, A.C.5    de Lange, J.J.6
  • 370
    • 84874086561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with neridronate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Varenna M., Adami S., Rossini M., Gatti D., Idolazzi L., Zucchi F., et al. Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with neridronate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013, 52:534-542.
    • (2013) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.52 , pp. 534-542
    • Varenna, M.1    Adami, S.2    Rossini, M.3    Gatti, D.4    Idolazzi, L.5    Zucchi, F.6
  • 372
    • 79956107926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of "pain exposure" physical therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1
    • van de Meent H., Oerlemans M., Bruggeman A., Klomp F., van Dongen R., Oostendorp R., et al. Safety of "pain exposure" physical therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Pain 2011, 152:1431-1438.
    • (2011) Pain , vol.152 , pp. 1431-1438
    • van de Meent, H.1    Oerlemans, M.2    Bruggeman, A.3    Klomp, F.4    van Dongen, R.5    Oostendorp, R.6
  • 373
    • 61449156303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sequel symptoms and signs of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 on upper extremity disability and quality of life
    • Savas S., Baloglu H.H., Ay G., Cerci S.S. The effect of sequel symptoms and signs of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 on upper extremity disability and quality of life. Rheumatol Int 2009, 29:545-550.
    • (2009) Rheumatol Int , vol.29 , pp. 545-550
    • Savas, S.1    Baloglu, H.H.2    Ay, G.3    Cerci, S.S.4
  • 374
    • 0037223612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of upper limb complex regional pain syndrome type 1 on everyday life measured with a novel upper limb-activity monitor
    • Schasfoort F.C., Bussmann J.B., Zandbergen A.M., Stam H.J. Impact of upper limb complex regional pain syndrome type 1 on everyday life measured with a novel upper limb-activity monitor. Pain 2003, 101:79-88.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.101 , pp. 79-88
    • Schasfoort, F.C.1    Bussmann, J.B.2    Zandbergen, A.M.3    Stam, H.J.4
  • 375
    • 2342514136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairments and activity limitations in subjects with chronic upper-limb complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Schasfoort F.C., Bussmann J.B., Stam H.J. Impairments and activity limitations in subjects with chronic upper-limb complex regional pain syndrome type I. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004, 85:557-566.
    • (2004) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.85 , pp. 557-566
    • Schasfoort, F.C.1    Bussmann, J.B.2    Stam, H.J.3
  • 377
    • 74849085011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain exposure physical therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for longstanding complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a case series
    • Ek J.W., van Gijn J.C., Samwel H., van Egmond J., Klomp F.P., van Dongen R.T. Pain exposure physical therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for longstanding complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a case series. Clin Rehabil 2009, 23:1059-1066.
    • (2009) Clin Rehabil , vol.23 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Ek, J.W.1    van Gijn, J.C.2    Samwel, H.3    van Egmond, J.4    Klomp, F.P.5    van Dongen, R.T.6
  • 378
    • 84867566435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness and cost evaluation of pain exposure physical therapy and conventional therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial
    • Barnhoorn K.J., Oostendorp R.A., van Dongen R.T., Klomp F.P., Samwel H., van der Wilt G.J., et al. The effectiveness and cost evaluation of pain exposure physical therapy and conventional therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012, 13:58.
    • (2012) BMC Musculoskelet Disord , vol.13 , pp. 58
    • Barnhoorn, K.J.1    Oostendorp, R.A.2    van Dongen, R.T.3    Klomp, F.P.4    Samwel, H.5    van der Wilt, G.J.6
  • 379
    • 1342279407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
    • Moseley G.L. Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain 2004, 108:192-198.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.108 , pp. 192-198
    • Moseley, G.L.1
  • 380
    • 14044254647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is successful rehabilitation of complex regional pain syndrome due to sustained attention to the affected limb? A randomised clinical trial
    • Moseley G.L. Is successful rehabilitation of complex regional pain syndrome due to sustained attention to the affected limb? A randomised clinical trial. Pain 2005, 114:54-61.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.114 , pp. 54-61
    • Moseley, G.L.1
  • 381
    • 33845954615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain: a randomized controlled trial
    • Moseley G.L. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2006, 67:2129-2134.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 2129-2134
    • Moseley, G.L.1
  • 382
    • 84863787341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome in clinical practice: failure to improve pain
    • Johnson S., Hall J., Barnett S., Draper M., Derbyshire G., Haynes L., et al. Using graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome in clinical practice: failure to improve pain. Eur J Pain 2012, 16:550-561.
    • (2012) Eur J Pain , vol.16 , pp. 550-561
    • Johnson, S.1    Hall, J.2    Barnett, S.3    Draper, M.4    Derbyshire, G.5    Haynes, L.6
  • 384
    • 34447279670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can vitamin C prevent complex regional pain syndrome in patients with wrist fractures? A randomized, controlled, multicenter dose-response study
    • Zollinger P.E., Tuinebreijer W.E., Breederveld R.S., Kreis R.W. Can vitamin C prevent complex regional pain syndrome in patients with wrist fractures? A randomized, controlled, multicenter dose-response study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007, 89:1424-1431.
    • (2007) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.89 , pp. 1424-1431
    • Zollinger, P.E.1    Tuinebreijer, W.E.2    Breederveld, R.S.3    Kreis, R.W.4
  • 385
  • 386
    • 0034080615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study
    • Varenna M., Zucchi F., Ghiringhelli D., Binelli L., Bevilacqua M., Bettica P., et al. Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 2000, 27:1477-1483.
    • (2000) J Rheumatol , vol.27 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Varenna, M.1    Zucchi, F.2    Ghiringhelli, D.3    Binelli, L.4    Bevilacqua, M.5    Bettica, P.6
  • 387
    • 8444227092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of alendronate in therapy for posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I of the lower extremity
    • Manicourt D.H., Brasseur J.P., Boutsen Y., Depreseux G., Devogelaer J.P. Role of alendronate in therapy for posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I of the lower extremity. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:3690-3697.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 3690-3697
    • Manicourt, D.H.1    Brasseur, J.P.2    Boutsen, Y.3    Depreseux, G.4    Devogelaer, J.P.5
  • 388
    • 5644220495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of pamidronate in complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Robinson J.N., Sandom J., Chapman P.T. Efficacy of pamidronate in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain Med 2004, 5:276-280.
    • (2004) Pain Med , vol.5 , pp. 276-280
    • Robinson, J.N.1    Sandom, J.2    Chapman, P.T.3
  • 389
    • 39849098652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS/RSD) and neuropathic pain: role of intravenous bisphosphonates as analgesics
    • Yanow J., Pappagallo M., Pillai L. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS/RSD) and neuropathic pain: role of intravenous bisphosphonates as analgesics. ScientificWorldJournal 2008, 8:229-236.
    • (2008) ScientificWorldJournal , vol.8 , pp. 229-236
    • Yanow, J.1    Pappagallo, M.2    Pillai, L.3
  • 390
    • 0014072270 scopus 로고
    • Causalgia. A centennial review
    • Richards R.L. Causalgia. A centennial review. Arch Neurol 1967, 16:339-350.
    • (1967) Arch Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 339-350
    • Richards, R.L.1
  • 391
    • 0037347538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathectomy for complex regional pain syndrome
    • Singh B., Moodley J., Shaik A.S., Robbs J.V. Sympathectomy for complex regional pain syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2003, 37:508-511.
    • (2003) J Vasc Surg , vol.37 , pp. 508-511
    • Singh, B.1    Moodley, J.2    Shaik, A.S.3    Robbs, J.V.4
  • 394
    • 0023258013 scopus 로고
    • Sympathectomy for causalgia. Patient selection and long-term results
    • Mockus M.B., Rutherford R.B., Rosales C., Pearce W.H. Sympathectomy for causalgia. Patient selection and long-term results. Arch Surg 1987, 122:668-672.
    • (1987) Arch Surg , vol.122 , pp. 668-672
    • Mockus, M.B.1    Rutherford, R.B.2    Rosales, C.3    Pearce, W.H.4
  • 396
    • 39349083544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent postoperative CRPS I in patients with abnormal preoperative sympathetic function
    • Ackerman W.E., Ahmad M. Recurrent postoperative CRPS I in patients with abnormal preoperative sympathetic function. J Hand Surg Am 2008, 33:217-222.
    • (2008) J Hand Surg Am , vol.33 , pp. 217-222
    • Ackerman, W.E.1    Ahmad, M.2
  • 397
    • 72649093651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower extremity complex regional pain syndrome: long-term outcome after surgical treatment of peripheral pain generators
    • Dellon L., Andonian E., Rosson G.D. Lower extremity complex regional pain syndrome: long-term outcome after surgical treatment of peripheral pain generators. J Foot Ankle Surg 2010, 49:33-36.
    • (2010) J Foot Ankle Surg , vol.49 , pp. 33-36
    • Dellon, L.1    Andonian, E.2    Rosson, G.D.3
  • 398
    • 13244267441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve decompression for complex regional pain syndrome type II following upper extremity surgery
    • Placzek J.D., Boyer M.I., Gelberman R.H., Sopp B., Goldfarb C.A. Nerve decompression for complex regional pain syndrome type II following upper extremity surgery. J Hand Surg Am 2005, 30:69-74.
    • (2005) J Hand Surg Am , vol.30 , pp. 69-74
    • Placzek, J.D.1    Boyer, M.I.2    Gelberman, R.H.3    Sopp, B.4    Goldfarb, C.A.5
  • 399
    • 0025781893 scopus 로고
    • Compression syndromes in reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Grundberg A.B.., Reagan D.S. Compression syndromes in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Am 1991, 16:731-736.
    • (1991) J Hand Surg Am , vol.16 , pp. 731-736
    • Grundberg, A.B..1    Reagan, D.S.2
  • 400
    • 0027256406 scopus 로고
    • The association of peripheral nerve compression and reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Monsivais J.J., Baker J., Monsivais D. The association of peripheral nerve compression and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br 1993, 18:337-338.
    • (1993) J Hand Surg Br , vol.18 , pp. 337-338
    • Monsivais, J.J.1    Baker, J.2    Monsivais, D.3
  • 401
    • 0031887097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy associated with deep peroneal nerve entrapment
    • Parano E., Pavone V., Greco F., Majorana M., Trifiletti R.R. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy associated with deep peroneal nerve entrapment. Brain Dev 1998, 20:80-82.
    • (1998) Brain Dev , vol.20 , pp. 80-82
    • Parano, E.1    Pavone, V.2    Greco, F.3    Majorana, M.4    Trifiletti, R.R.5
  • 402
    • 77951113820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-existing carpal tunnel syndrome in complex regional pain syndrome after hand trauma
    • Koh S.M., Moate F., Grinsell D. Co-existing carpal tunnel syndrome in complex regional pain syndrome after hand trauma. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2010, 35:228-231.
    • (2010) J Hand Surg Eur Vol , vol.35 , pp. 228-231
    • Koh, S.M.1    Moate, F.2    Grinsell, D.3
  • 403
    • 0027981222 scopus 로고
    • Compartment pressure in the carpal tunnel in distal fractures of the radius. A prospective study
    • Dresing K., Peterson T., Schmit-Neuerburg K.P. Compartment pressure in the carpal tunnel in distal fractures of the radius. A prospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1994, 113:285-289.
    • (1994) Arch Orthop Trauma Surg , vol.113 , pp. 285-289
    • Dresing, K.1    Peterson, T.2    Schmit-Neuerburg, K.P.3
  • 404
    • 0034982040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penetrating missile injuries of the brachial plexus
    • Stewart M.P., Birch R. Penetrating missile injuries of the brachial plexus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001, 83:517-524.
    • (2001) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.83 , pp. 517-524
    • Stewart, M.P.1    Birch, R.2
  • 405
    • 4444317040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of peripheral nerve gaps with a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube
    • [discussion 646-648]
    • Inada Y., Morimoto S., Takakura Y., Nakamura T. Regeneration of peripheral nerve gaps with a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube. Neurosurgery 2004, 55:640-646. [discussion 646-648].
    • (2004) Neurosurgery , vol.55 , pp. 640-646
    • Inada, Y.1    Morimoto, S.2    Takakura, Y.3    Nakamura, T.4
  • 406
    • 39049150892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective surgical relief of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) using a PGA-collagen nerve guide tube, with successful weaning from spinal cord stimulation
    • Inada Y., Moroi K., Morimoto S., Nakamura T. Effective surgical relief of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) using a PGA-collagen nerve guide tube, with successful weaning from spinal cord stimulation. Clin J Pain 2007, 23:829-830.
    • (2007) Clin J Pain , vol.23 , pp. 829-830
    • Inada, Y.1    Moroi, K.2    Morimoto, S.3    Nakamura, T.4
  • 407
    • 0028113466 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic maintained pain (causalgia) associated with a demonstrable peripheral-nerve lesion. Operative treatment
    • Jupiter J.B., Seiler J.G., Zienowicz R. Sympathetic maintained pain (causalgia) associated with a demonstrable peripheral-nerve lesion. Operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994, 76:1376-1384.
    • (1994) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.76 , pp. 1376-1384
    • Jupiter, J.B.1    Seiler, J.G.2    Zienowicz, R.3
  • 409
  • 410
    • 0031772920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality assessment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Monti D.A., Herring C.L., Schwartzman R.J., Marchese M. Personality assessment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:295-302.
    • (1998) Clin J Pain , vol.14 , pp. 295-302
    • Monti, D.A.1    Herring, C.L.2    Schwartzman, R.J.3    Marchese, M.4
  • 411
    • 0030854084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological dysfunction in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Ciccone D.S., Bandilla E.B., Wu W. Psychological dysfunction in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 1997, 71:323-333.
    • (1997) Pain , vol.71 , pp. 323-333
    • Ciccone, D.S.1    Bandilla, E.B.2    Wu, W.3
  • 412
    • 0027261058 scopus 로고
    • A psychosocial and behavioral comparison of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, low back pain, and headache patients
    • DeGood D.E., Cundiff G.W., Adams L.E., Shutty M.S. A psychosocial and behavioral comparison of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, low back pain, and headache patients. Pain 1993, 54:317-322.
    • (1993) Pain , vol.54 , pp. 317-322
    • DeGood, D.E.1    Cundiff, G.W.2    Adams, L.E.3    Shutty, M.S.4
  • 413
    • 70450223904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind placebo controlled study
    • Schwartzman R.J., Alexander G.M., Grothusen J.R., Paylor T., Reichenberger E., Perreault M. Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Pain 2009, 147:107-115.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.147 , pp. 107-115
    • Schwartzman, R.J.1    Alexander, G.M.2    Grothusen, J.R.3    Paylor, T.4    Reichenberger, E.5    Perreault, M.6
  • 414
    • 69649087572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
    • Sigtermans M.J., van Hilten J.J., Bauer M.C., Arbous M.S., Marinus J., Sarton E.Y., et al. Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Pain 2009, 145:304-311.
    • (2009) Pain , vol.145 , pp. 304-311
    • Sigtermans, M.J.1    van Hilten, J.J.2    Bauer, M.C.3    Arbous, M.S.4    Marinus, J.5    Sarton, E.Y.6
  • 415
    • 79951670992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous regional ketorolac and lidocaine in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome of the lower extremity: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover study
    • Eckmann M.S., Ramamurthy S., Griffin J.G. Intravenous regional ketorolac and lidocaine in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome of the lower extremity: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover study. Clin J Pain 2011, 27:203-206.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 203-206
    • Eckmann, M.S.1    Ramamurthy, S.2    Griffin, J.G.3
  • 416
    • 55149117112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tadalafil on blood flow, pain, and function in chronic cold complex regional pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
    • Groeneweg G., Huygen F.J., Niehof S.P., Wesseldijk F., Bussmann J.B., Schasfoort F.C., et al. Effect of tadalafil on blood flow, pain, and function in chronic cold complex regional pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008, 9:143.
    • (2008) BMC Musculoskelet Disord , vol.9 , pp. 143
    • Groeneweg, G.1    Huygen, F.J.2    Niehof, S.P.3    Wesseldijk, F.4    Bussmann, J.B.5    Schasfoort, F.C.6
  • 417
    • 79952313173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA-receptor antagonist and morphine decrease CRPS-pain and cerebral pain representation
    • Gustin S.M., Schwarz A., Birbaumer N., Sines N., Schmidt A.C., Veit R., et al. NMDA-receptor antagonist and morphine decrease CRPS-pain and cerebral pain representation. Pain 2010, 151:69-76.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.151 , pp. 69-76
    • Gustin, S.M.1    Schwarz, A.2    Birbaumer, N.3    Sines, N.4    Schmidt, A.C.5    Veit, R.6
  • 418
    • 77955472015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious as an add-on to pharmacological therapy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I
    • Picarelli H., Teixeira M.J., de Andrade D.C., Myczkowski M.L., Luvisotto T.B., Yeng L.T., et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious as an add-on to pharmacological therapy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. J Pain 2010, 11:1203-1210.
    • (2010) J Pain , vol.11 , pp. 1203-1210
    • Picarelli, H.1    Teixeira, M.J.2    de Andrade, D.C.3    Myczkowski, M.L.4    Luvisotto, T.B.5    Yeng, L.T.6
  • 419
    • 1642472778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex attenuates pain perception in complex regional pain syndrome type I
    • Pleger B., Janssen F., Schwenkreis P., Volker B., Maier C., Tegenthoff M. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex attenuates pain perception in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Neurosci Lett 2004, 356:87-90.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.356 , pp. 87-90
    • Pleger, B.1    Janssen, F.2    Schwenkreis, P.3    Volker, B.4    Maier, C.5    Tegenthoff, M.6
  • 420
    • 12944300193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 [ISRCTN84121379]
    • van de Vusse A.C., Stomp-van den Berg S.G., Kessels A.H., Weber W.E. Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 [ISRCTN84121379]. BMC Neurol 2004, 4:13.
    • (2004) BMC Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 13
    • van de Vusse, A.C.1    Stomp-van den Berg, S.G.2    Kessels, A.H.3    Weber, W.E.4
  • 421
    • 0029555587 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous regional anesthesia with ketorolac-lidocaine for the management of sympathetically-mediated pain
    • Connelly N.R., Reuben S., Brull S.J. Intravenous regional anesthesia with ketorolac-lidocaine for the management of sympathetically-mediated pain. Yale J Biol Med 1995, 68:95-99.
    • (1995) Yale J Biol Med , vol.68 , pp. 95-99
    • Connelly, N.R.1    Reuben, S.2    Brull, S.J.3
  • 422
    • 0029817353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: treatment with long-acting intramuscular corticosteroids
    • Grundberg A.B.. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: treatment with long-acting intramuscular corticosteroids. J Hand Surg Am 1996, 21:667-670.
    • (1996) J Hand Surg Am , vol.21 , pp. 667-670
    • Grundberg, A.B..1
  • 423
    • 0032037280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity-a 5.5-year follow-up. Part I. Impairments and perceived disability
    • Geertzen J.H., Dijkstra P.U., Groothoff J.W., ten Duis H.J., Eisma W.H. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity-a 5.5-year follow-up. Part I. Impairments and perceived disability. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1998, 279:12-18.
    • (1998) Acta Orthop Scand Suppl , vol.279 , pp. 12-18
    • Geertzen, J.H.1    Dijkstra, P.U.2    Groothoff, J.W.3    ten Duis, H.J.4    Eisma, W.H.5
  • 424
    • 0031893508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Zyluk A. The natural history of post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br 1998, 23:20-23.
    • (1998) J Hand Surg Br , vol.23 , pp. 20-23
    • Zyluk, A.1
  • 425
    • 0035062228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequelae of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Zyluk A. The sequelae of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg Br 2001, 26:151-154.
    • (2001) J Hand Surg Br , vol.26 , pp. 151-154
    • Zyluk, A.1
  • 426
    • 33747783000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairments as measured by ISS do not greatly change between one and eight years after CRPS 1 diagnosis
    • Vaneker M., Wilder-Smith O.H., Schrombges P., Oerlemans H.M. Impairments as measured by ISS do not greatly change between one and eight years after CRPS 1 diagnosis. Eur J Pain 2006, 10:639-644.
    • (2006) Eur J Pain , vol.10 , pp. 639-644
    • Vaneker, M.1    Wilder-Smith, O.H.2    Schrombges, P.3    Oerlemans, H.M.4
  • 427
    • 0032037362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity-a 5.5-year follow-up. Part II. Social life events, general health and changes in occupation
    • Geertzen J.H., Dijkstra P.U., Groothoff J.W., ten Duis H.J., Eisma W.H. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity-a 5.5-year follow-up. Part II. Social life events, general health and changes in occupation. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1998, 279:19-23.
    • (1998) Acta Orthop Scand Suppl , vol.279 , pp. 19-23
    • Geertzen, J.H.1    Dijkstra, P.U.2    Groothoff, J.W.3    ten Duis, H.J.4    Eisma, W.H.5
  • 428
    • 0035104582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conséquences professionelles des algodystrophies [Professional outcome of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, article in French with English abstract]
    • Dauty M., Renaud P., Deniaud C., Tortellier L., Dubois C. Conséquences professionelles des algodystrophies [Professional outcome of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, article in French with English abstract]. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2001, 44:89-94.
    • (2001) Ann Readapt Med Phys , vol.44 , pp. 89-94
    • Dauty, M.1    Renaud, P.2    Deniaud, C.3    Tortellier, L.4    Dubois, C.5
  • 429
    • 67549146638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: epidemiological features, treatment approaches, workday loss and return to work/disability ratios
    • Kiralp M.Z., Dincer U., Cakar E., Dursun H. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: epidemiological features, treatment approaches, workday loss and return to work/disability ratios. Turk J Rheumatol 2009, 24:1-5.
    • (2009) Turk J Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 1-5
    • Kiralp, M.Z.1    Dincer, U.2    Cakar, E.3    Dursun, H.4
  • 430
    • 0036241561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of chronic pain on life in the household
    • Kemler M.A., Furnee C.A. The impact of chronic pain on life in the household. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002, 23:433-441.
    • (2002) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.23 , pp. 433-441
    • Kemler, M.A.1    Furnee, C.A.2
  • 431
    • 2442643858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of interdisciplinary pain management in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a prospective outcome study
    • Singh G., Willen S.N., Boswell M.V., Janata J.W., Chelimsky T.C. The value of interdisciplinary pain management in complex regional pain syndrome type I: a prospective outcome study. Pain Physician 2004, 7:203-209.
    • (2004) Pain Physician , vol.7 , pp. 203-209
    • Singh, G.1    Willen, S.N.2    Boswell, M.V.3    Janata, J.W.4    Chelimsky, T.C.5
  • 432
    • 0029950691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Which patients are at risk for developing a recurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the same or another limb
    • Veldman P.H., Goris R.J. Multiple reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Which patients are at risk for developing a recurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the same or another limb. Pain 1996, 64:463-466.
    • (1996) Pain , vol.64 , pp. 463-466
    • Veldman, P.H.1    Goris, R.J.2
  • 433
    • 62149135316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm and cold complex regional pain syndromes: differences beyond skin temperature?
    • Eberle T., Doganci B., Kramer H.H., Geber C., Fechir M., Magerl W., et al. Warm and cold complex regional pain syndromes: differences beyond skin temperature?. Neurology 2009, 72:505-512.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 505-512
    • Eberle, T.1    Doganci, B.2    Kramer, H.H.3    Geber, C.4    Fechir, M.5    Magerl, W.6
  • 435
    • 67650147986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life in adults with childhood-onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I
    • Tan E.C., van de Sandt-Renkema N., Krabbe P.F., Aronson D.C., Severijnen R.S. Quality of life in adults with childhood-onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I. Injury 2009, 40:901-904.
    • (2009) Injury , vol.40 , pp. 901-904
    • Tan, E.C.1    van de Sandt-Renkema, N.2    Krabbe, P.F.3    Aronson, D.C.4    Severijnen, R.S.5
  • 436
    • 0002003816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic pains associated with positive and negative sensory, motor, and vasomotor manifestations: CPSMV (RSD;CRPS?). Heterogeneous somatic versus psychopathologic origins
    • Ochoa J.L. Chronic pains associated with positive and negative sensory, motor, and vasomotor manifestations: CPSMV (RSD;CRPS?). Heterogeneous somatic versus psychopathologic origins. Contemp J Neurol 1997, 1997:2-20.
    • (1997) Contemp J Neurol , vol.1997 , pp. 2-20
    • Ochoa, J.L.1
  • 437
    • 0033739158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: misdiagnosis in patients with dysfunctional postures of the upper extremity
    • Stutts J.T., Kasdan M.L., Hickey S.E., Bruner A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: misdiagnosis in patients with dysfunctional postures of the upper extremity. J Hand Surg Am 2000, 25:1152-1156.
    • (2000) J Hand Surg Am , vol.25 , pp. 1152-1156
    • Stutts, J.T.1    Kasdan, M.L.2    Hickey, S.E.3    Bruner, A.4
  • 438
    • 33745814771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is CRPS I a neuropathic pain syndrome?
    • Ochoa J.L. Is CRPS I a neuropathic pain syndrome?. Pain 2006, 123:334-335.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.123 , pp. 334-335
    • Ochoa, J.L.1
  • 439
    • 33748474050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome: signs, symptoms, and new empirically derived diagnostic criteria
    • Harden R.N., Bruehl S.P. Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome: signs, symptoms, and new empirically derived diagnostic criteria. Clin J Pain 2006, 22:415-419.
    • (2006) Clin J Pain , vol.22 , pp. 415-419
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.P.2
  • 440
    • 34447292383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed new diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome
    • Harden R.N., Bruehl S., Stanton-Hicks M., Wilson P.R. Proposed new diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med 2007, 8:326-331.
    • (2007) Pain Med , vol.8 , pp. 326-331
    • Harden, R.N.1    Bruehl, S.2    Stanton-Hicks, M.3    Wilson, P.R.4
  • 441
    • 24644459752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysynchiria: watching the mirror image of the unaffected limb elicits pain on the affected side
    • Acerra N.E., Moseley G.L. Dysynchiria: watching the mirror image of the unaffected limb elicits pain on the affected side. Neurology 2005, 65:751-753.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 751-753
    • Acerra, N.E.1    Moseley, G.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.