Vascular galectins: Regulators of tumor progression and targets for cancer therapy

Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 547-558

  Thijssen, Victor L ^a   Rabinovich, Gabriel A ^b,c   Griffioen, Arjan W ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto M Lillo   (Argentina)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Endothelial cells; Endothelium; Immune response; Metastasis

Indexed keywords

6 HYDROXILPROPYLACYLFULVENE; ANGINEX; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; ECALECTIN; GALECTIN; GALECTIN 1; GALECTIN 10; GALECTIN 12; GALECTIN 13; GALECTIN 14; GALECTIN 2; GALECTIN 3; GALECTIN 4; GALECTIN 7; GALECTIN 8; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; BREAST CANCER; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER THERAPY; CELL FUNCTION; DRUG TARGETING; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; METASTASIS; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; TUMOR ESCAPE; TUMOR IMMUNITY; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

ANGIOGENESIS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; ENDOTHELIUM; IMMUNE RESPONSE; METASTASIS;

ANIMALS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; GALECTINS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84888294933     PISSN: 13596101     EISSN: 18790305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.07.003     Document Type: Review

References (155)

1. Barondes S.H., Castronovo V., Cooper D.N., Cummings R.D., Drickamer K., Feizi T., et al. Galectins: a family of animal beta-galactoside-binding lectins. Cell 1994, 76(February (4)):597-598.
2. Barondes S.H., Cooper D.N., Gitt M.A., Leffler H. Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994, 269(August (33)):20807-20810.
3. Rabinovich G.A., Toscano M.A. Turning 'sweet' on immunity: galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology 2009, 9(May (5)):338-352.
4. Leffler H. Galectins structure and function - a synopsis. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation 2001, 33:57-83.
5. Cummings R.D., Liu F.-T. Galectins. Essentials of Glycobiology 2009, 475-487. PB - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor (NY). A. Varki, R.D. Cummings, J.D. Esko, H.H. Freeze, P. Stanley, C.R. Bertozzi, G.W. Hart, M.E. Etzler (Eds.).
6. Leffler H., Carlsson S., Hedlund M., Qian Y., Poirier F. Introduction to galectins. Glycoconjugate Journal 2004, 19(7-9):433-440.
7. Elola M.T., Chiesa M.E., Alberti A.F., Mordoh J., Fink N.E. Galectin-1 receptors in different cell types. Journal of Biomedical Science 2005, 12(1):13-29.
8. Camby I., Le Mercier M., Lefranc F., Kiss R. Galectin-1: a small protein with major functions. Glycobiology 2006, 16(November (11)):137R-157R.
9. Dumic J., Dabelic S., Flogel M. Galectin-3: an open-ended story. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2006, 1760(January (4)):616-635.
10. Cueni L.N., Detmar M. Galectin-8 interacts with podoplanin and modulates lymphatic endothelial cell functions. Experimental Cell Research 2009, 315(June (10)):1715-1723.
11. Wiersma V.R., de Bruyn M., Helfrich W., Bremer E. Therapeutic potential of galectin-9 in human disease. Medicinal Research Reviews 2011, (July).
12. Surolia A., Swaminathan C.P., Ramkumar R., Podder S.K. Unusual structural stability and ligand induced alterations in oligomerization of a galectin. FEBS Letters 1997, 409(June (3)):417-420.
13. Miyanishi N., Nishi N., Abe H., Kashio Y., Shinonaga R., Nakakita S., et al. Carbohydrate-recognition domains of galectin-9 are involved in intermolecular interaction with galectin-9 itself and other members of the galectin family. Glycobiology 2007, 17(April (4)):423-432.
14. Earl L.A., Bi S., Baum L.G. Galectin multimerization and lattice formation are regulated by linker region structure. Glycobiology 2011, 21(January (1)):6-12.
15. Garner O.B., Baum L.G. Galectin-glycan lattices regulate cell-surface glycoprotein organization and signalling. Biochemical Society Transactions 2008, 36(December (Pt 6)):1472-1477.
16. Rabinovich G.A., Toscano M.A., Jackson S.S., Vasta G.R. Functions of cell surface galectin-glycoprotein lattices. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2007, 17(October (5)):513-520.
17. Liu F.T., Patterson R.J., Wang J.L. Intracellular functions of galectins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2002, 1572(September (2-3)):263-273.
18. Haudek K.C., Spronk K.J., Voss P.G., Patterson R.J., Wang J.L., Arnoys E.J. Dynamics of galectin-3 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2010, 1800(February (2)):181-189.
19. Lame M.W., Jones A.D., Wilson D.W., Segall H.J. Monocrotaline pyrrole targets proteins with and without cysteine residues in the cytosol and membranes of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Proteomics 2005, 5(November (17)):4398-4413.
20. Krishnan V., Bane S.M., Kawle P.D., Naresh K.N., Kalraiya R.D. Altered melanoma cell surface glycosylation mediates organ specific adhesion and metastasis via lectin receptors on the lung vascular endothelium. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 2005, 22(1):11-24.
21. Rabinovich G.A. Galectin-1 as a potential cancer target. British Journal of Cancer 2005, 92(April (7)):1188-1192.
22. Rabinovich G.A., Cumashi A., Bianco G.A., Ciavardelli D., Iurisci I., D'Egidio M., et al. Synthetic lactulose amines: novel class of anticancer agents that induce tumor-cell apoptosis and inhibit galectin-mediated homotypic cell aggregation and endothelial cell morphogenesis. Glycobiology 2006, 16(March (3)):210-220.
23. Thijssen V.L., Postel R., Brandwijk R.J., Dings R.P., Nesmelova I., Satijn S., et al. Galectin-1 is essential in tumor angiogenesis and is a target for antiangiogenesis therapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103(October (43)):15975-15980.
24. Ryschich E., Lizdenis P., Ittrich C., Benner A., Stahl S., Hamann A., et al. Molecular fingerprinting and autocrine growth regulation of endothelial cells in a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Research 2006, 66(January (1)):198-211.
25. Furuhata S., Ando K., Oki M., Aoki K., Ohnishi S., Aoyagi K., et al. Gene expression profiles of endothelial progenitor cells by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 2007, 298(April (1-2)):125-138.
26. Thijssen V.L., Barkan B., Shoji H., Aries I.M., Mathieu V., Deltour L., et al. Tumor cells secrete galectin-1 to enhance endothelial cell activity. Cancer Research 2010, 70(August (15)):6216-6224.
27. Dias-Baruffi M., Stowell S.R., Song S.C., Arthur C.M., Cho M., Rodrigues L.C., et al. Differential expression of immunomodulatory galectin-1 in peripheral leukocytes and adult tissues and its cytosolic organization in striated muscle. Glycobiology 2010, 20(May (5)):507-520.
28. Bidon-Wagner N., Le Pennec J.P. Human galectin-8 isoforms and cancer. Glycoconjugate Journal 2004, 19(7-9):557-563.
29. Spitzenberger F., Graessler J., Schroeder H.E. Molecular and functional characterization of galectin 9 mrna isoforms in porcine and human cells and tissues. Biochimie 2001, 83(September (9)):851-862.
30. Cardenas Delgado V.M., Nugnes L.G., Colombo L.L., Troncoso M.F., Fernandez M.M., Malchiodi E.L., et al. Modulation of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis: a novel function for the "tandem-repeat" lectin galectin-8. FASEB Journal 2011, 25(September (1)):242-254.
31. Imaizumi T., Kumagai M., Sasaki N., Kurotaki H., Mori F., Seki M., et al. Interferon-{gamma} stimulates the expression of galectin-9 in cultured human endothelial cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2002, 72(September (3)):486-491.
32. Thijssen V.L., Hulsmans S., Griffioen A.W. The galectin profile of the endothelium; altered expression and localization in activated and tumor endothelial cells. American Journal of Pathology 2008, 172(2):545-553.
33. Lotan R., Belloni P.N., Tressler R.J., Lotan D., Xu X.C., Nicolson G.L. Expression of galectins on microvessel endothelial cells and their involvement in tumour cell adhesion. Glycoconjugate Journal 1994, 11(October (5)):462-468.
34. Clausse N., van den Brule F., Waltregny D., Garnier F., Castronovo V. Galectin-1 expression in prostate tumor-associated capillary endothelial cells is increased by prostate carcinoma cells and modulates heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. Angiogenesis 1999, 3(4):317-325.
35. La M., Cao T.V., Cerchiaro G., Chilton K., Hirabayashi J., Kasai K., et al. A novel biological activity for galectin-1: inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in experimental inflammation. American Journal of Pathology 2003, 163(October (4)):1505-1515.
36. Fukushi J., Makagiansar I.T., Stallcup W.B. NG2 proteoglycan promotes endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis via engagement of galectin-3 and alpha3beta1 integrin. Molecular Biology of the Cell 2004, 15(August (8)):3580-3590.
37. Gil C.D., La M., Perretti M., Oliani S.M. Interaction of human neutrophils with endothelial cells regulates the expression of endogenous proteins annexin 1, galectin-1 and galectin-3. Cell Biology International 2006, 30(March (4)):338-344.
38. Yang E., Shim J.S., Woo H.J., Kim K.W., Kwon H.J. Aminopeptidase N/CD13 induces angiogenesis through interaction with a pro-angiogenic protein, galectin-3. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2007, 363(November (2)):336-341.
39. Alam S., Li H., Margariti A., Martin D., Zampetaki A., Habi O., et al. Galectin-9 protein expression in endothelial cells is positively regulated by histone deacetylase 3. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286(December (51)):44211-44217.
40. Hirashima M., Kashio Y., Nishi N., Yamauchi A., Imaizumi T.A., Kageshita T., et al. Galectin-9 in physiological and pathological conditions. Glycoconjugate Journal 2004, 19(7-9):593-600.
41. Imaizumi T., Yoshida H., Nishi N., Sashinami H., Nakamura T., Hirashima M., et al. Double-stranded RNA induces galectin-9 in vascular endothelial cells: involvement of TLR3, PI3K, and IRF3 pathway. Glycobiology 2007, 17(July (7)):12C-15C.
42. Imaizumi T., Kumagai M., Nishi N., Hirashima M., Hatakeyama M., Tamo W., et al. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits ifn-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 2003, 131(May (1)):57-61.
43. Bi S., Earl L.A., Jacobs L., Baum L.G. Structural features of galectin-9 and galectin-1 that determine distinct T cell death pathways. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008, 283(May (18)):12248-12258.
44. Nishi N., Itoh A., Fujiyama A., Yoshida N., Araya S., Hirashima M., et al. Development of highly stable galectins: truncation of the linker peptide confers protease-resistance on tandem-repeat type galectins. FEBS Letters 2005, 579(April (10)):2058-2064.
45. Asakura H., Kashio Y., Nakamura K., Seki M., Dai S., Shirato Y., et al. Selective eosinophil adhesion to fibroblast via ifn-gamma-induced galectin-9. Journal of Immunology 2002, 169(November (10)):5912-5918.
46. Chabot S., Kashio Y., Seki M., Shirato Y., Nakamura K., Nishi N., et al. Regulation of galectin-9 expression and release in jurkat T cell line cells. Glycobiology 2002, 12(February (2)):111-118.
47. Lipkowitz M.S., Leal-Pinto E., Cohen B.E., Abramson R.G. Galectin 9 is the sugar-regulated urate transporter/channel UAT. Glycoconjugate Journal 2004, 19(7-9):491-498.
48. Garcia-Cardena G., Comander J., Anderson K.R., Blackman B.R., Gimbrone M.A.J. Biomechanical activation of vascular endothelium as a determinant of its functional phenotype. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001, 98(April (8)):4478-4485.
49. Glinskii O.V., Turk J.R., Pienta K.J., Huxley V.H., Glinsky V.V. Evidence of porcine and human endothelium activation by cancer-associated carbohydrates expressed on glycoproteins and tumour cells. Journal of Physiology 2004, 554(January (Pt 1)):89-99.
50. Glinsky V.V., Glinsky G.V., Glinskii O.V., Huxley V.H., Turk J.R., Mossine V.V., et al. Intravascular metastatic cancer cell homotypic aggregation at the sites of primary attachment to the endothelium. Cancer Research 2003, 63(July (13)):3805-3811.
51. Le Q.T., Shi G., Cao H., Nelson D.W., Wang Y., Chen E.Y., et al. Galectin-1: a link between tumor hypoxia and tumor immune privilege. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005, 23(December (35)):8932-8941.
52. Zhao X.Y., Chen T.T., Xia L., Guo M., Xu Y., Yue F., et al. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates expression of galectin-1: the potential role in migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2010, 31(August (8)):1367-1375.
53. Zhao X.Y., Zhao K.W., Jiang Y., Zhao M., Chen G.Q. Synergistic induction of galectin-1 by C/EBP{alpha} and HIF-1{alpha} and its role in differentiation of acute myeloid leukemic cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286(August (42)):36808-36819.
54. Greijer A.E., van der Groep P., Kemming D., Shvarts A., Semenza G.L., Meijer G.A., et al. Up-regulation of gene expression by hypoxia is mediated predominantly by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Journal of Pathology 2005, 206(July (3)):291-304.
55. Zeng Y., Danielson K.G., Albert T.J., Shapiro I.M., Risbud M.V. HIF-1 alpha is a regulator of galectin-3 expression in the intervertebral disc. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2007, 22(December (12)):1851-1861.
56. Croci D.O., Salatino M., Rubinstein N., Cerliani J.P., Cavallin L.E., Leung H.J., et al. Disrupting galectin-1 interactions with n-glycans suppresses hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in kaposi's sarcoma. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2012, 209(October (11)):1985-2000.
57. Baum L.G., Pang M., Perillo N.L., Wu T., Delegeane A., Uittenbogaart C.H., et al. Human thymic epithelial cells express an endogenous lectin, galectin-1, which binds to core 2 o-glycans on thymocytes and T lymphoblastoid cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1995, 181(March (3)):877-887.
58. He J., Baum L.G. Endothelial cell expression of galectin-1 induced by prostate cancer cells inhibits t-cell transendothelial migration. Laboratory Investigation 2006, 86(June (6)):578-590.
59. Perillo N.L., Pace K.E., Seilhamer J.J., Baum L.G. Apoptosis of T cells mediated by galectin-1. Nature 1995, 378(December (6558)):736-739.
60. Rao S.P., Wang Z., Zuberi R.I., Sikora L., Bahaie N.S., Zuraw B.L., et al. Galectin-3 functions as an adhesion molecule to support eosinophil rolling and adhesion under conditions of flow. Journal of Immunology 2007, 179(December (11)):7800-7807.
61. Ahrens I., Domeij H., Topcic D., Haviv I., Merivirta R.M., Agrotis A., et al. Successful in vitro expansion and differentiation of cord blood derived CD34+ cells into early endothelial progenitor cells reveals highly differential gene expression. PLoS ONE 2011, 6(8):e23210.
62. Deo P., Glenn J.V., Powell L.A., Stitt A.W., Ames J.M. Upregulation of oxidative stress markers in human microvascular endothelial cells by complexes of serum albumin and digestion products of glycated casein. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 2009, 23(September (5)):364-372.
63. Stitt A.W., He C., Vlassara H. Characterization of the advanced glycation end-product receptor complex in human vascular endothelial cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1999, 256(March (3)):549-556.
64. Garner O.B., Aguilar H.C., Fulcher J.A., Levroney E.L., Harrison R., Wright L., et al. Endothelial galectin-1 binds to specific glycans on nipah virus fusion protein and inhibits maturation, mobility, and function to block syncytia formation. PLoS Pathogens 2010, 6(7):e1000993.
65. Ishikawa A., Imaizumi T., Yoshida H., Nishi N., Nakamura T., Hirashima M., et al. Double-stranded RNA enhances the expression of galectin-9 in vascular endothelial cells. Immunology and Cell Biology 2004, 82(August (4)):410-414.
66. Warke R.V., Xhaja K., Martin K.J., Fournier M.F., Shaw S.K., Brizuela N., et al. Dengue virus induces novel changes in gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Journal of Virology 2003, 77(November (21)):11822-11832.
67. Hsieh S.H., Ying N.W., Wu M.H., Chiang W.F., Hsu C.L., Wong T.Y., et al. Galectin-1, a novel ligand of neuropilin-1, activates VEGFR-2 signaling and modulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells. Oncogene 2008, 27(26):3746-3753.
68. Markowska A.I., Jefferies K.C., Panjwani N. Galectin-3 protein modulates cell surface expression and activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in human endothelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286(August (34)):29913-29921.
69. D'Haene N., Sauvage S., Maris C., Adanja I., Le Mercier M., Decaestecker C., et al. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 involvement in extracellular galectin-1- and galectin-3-induced angiogenesis. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(6):e67029.
70. Ito K., Scott S.A., Cutler S., Dong L.F., Neuzil J., Blanchard H., et al. Thiodigalactoside inhibits murine cancers by concurrently blocking effects of galectin-1 on immune dysregulation, angiogenesis and protection against oxidative stress. Angiogenesis 2011, 14(September (3)):293-307.
71. Jouve N., Despoix N., Espeli M., Gauthier L., Cypowyj S., Fallague K., et al. The involvement of CD146 and its novel ligand galectin-1 in apoptotic regulation of endothelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013, 288(January (4)):2571-2579.
72. Yan Y.P., Lang B.T., Vemuganti R., Dempsey R.J. Galectin-3 mediates post-ischemic tissue remodeling. Brain Research 2009, 1288(September):116-124.
73. Markowska A.I., Liu F.T., Panjwani N. Galectin-3 is an important mediator of VEGF- and bfgf-mediated angiogenic response. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2010, 207(August (9)):1981-1993.
74. Nangia-Makker P., Honjo Y., Sarvis R., Akahani S., Hogan V., Pienta K.J., et al. Galectin-3 induces endothelial cell morphogenesis and angiogenesis. American Journal of Pathology 2000, 156(March (3)):899-909.
75. Wesley U.V., Vemuganti R., Ayvaci E.R., Dempsey R.J. Galectin-3 enhances angiogenic and migratory potential of microglial cells via modulation of integrin linked kinase signaling. Brain Research 2013, 1496(February):1-9.
76. Wan S.Y., Zhang T.F., Ding Y. Galectin-3 enhances proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Transplantation Proceedings 2011, 43(December (10)):3933-3938.
77. Nangia-Makker P., Hogan V., Honjo Y., Baccarini S., Tait L., Bresalier R., et al. Inhibition of human cancer cell growth and metastasis in nude mice by oral intake of modified citrus pectin. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002, 94(December (24)):1854-1862.
78. Nangia-Makker P., Wang Y., Raz T., Tait L., Balan V., Hogan V., et al. Cleavage of galectin-3 by matrix metalloproteases induces angiogenesis in breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer 2010, 127(December (11)):2530-2541.
79. Balan V., Nangia-Makker P., Kho D.H., Wang Y., Raz A. Tyrosine-phosphorylated galectin-3 protein is resistant to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cleavage. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2012, 287(February (8)):5192-5198.
80. Hadari Y.R., Arbel-Goren R., Levy Y., Amsterdam A., Alon R., Zakut R., et al. Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis. Journal of Cell Science 2000, 113(July (13)):2385-2397.
81. Diskin S., Cao Z., Leffler H., Panjwani N. The role of integrin glycosylation in galectin-8-mediated trabecular meshwork cell adhesion and spreading. Glycobiology 2009, 19(January (1)):29-37.
82. Poirier F., Robertson E.J. Normal development of mice carrying a null mutation in the gene encoding the L14 s-type lectin. Development 1993, 119(December (4)):1229-1236.
83. Colnot C., Fowlis D., Ripoche M.A., Bouchaert I., Poirier F. Embryonic implantation in galectin 1/galectin 3 double mutant mice. Developmental Dynamics 1998, 211(April (4)):306-313.
84. Hsu D.K., Yang R.-Y., Pan Z., Yu L., Salomon D.R., Fung-Leung W.-P., et al. Targeted disruption of the galectin-3 gene results in attenuated peritoneal inflammatory responses. American Journal of Pathology 2000, 156(3):1073-1083.
85. Freitag N., Tirado-González I., Barrientos G., Herse F., Thijssen V.L., Weedon-Fekjær S.M., et al. Interfering with gal-1-mediated angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2013, (June).
86. Gao X., Liu D., Fan Y., Li X., Xue H., Ma Y., et al. The two endocytic pathways mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain and regulated by the collagen-like domain of galectin-3 in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS ONE 2012, 7(12):e52430.
87. Jia J., Wang J., Teh M., Sun W., Zhang J., Kee I., et al. Identification of proteins differentially expressed between capillary endothelial cells of hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver in an orthotopic rat tumor model using 2-D DIGE. Proteomics 2010, 10(January (2)):224-234.
88. Laderach D.J., Gentilini L.D., Giribaldi L., Delgado V.C., Nugnes L., Croci D.O., et al. A unique galectin signature in human prostate cancer progression suggests galectin-1 as a key target for treatment of advanced disease. Cancer Research 2013, 73(January (1)):86-96.
89. D'Haene N., Catteau X., Maris C., Martin B., Salmon I., Decaestecker C. Endothelial hyperplasia and endothelial galectin-3 expression are prognostic factors in primary central nervous system lymphomas. British Journal of Haematology 2008, 40(February (4)):402-410.
90. Gordower L., Decaestecker C., Kacem Y., Lemmers A., Gusman J., Burchert M., et al. Galectin-3 and galectin-3-binding site expression in human adult astrocytic tumours and related angiogenesis. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 1999, 25(August (4)):319-330.
91. Strik H.M., Deininger M.H., Frank B., Schluesener H.J., Meyermann R. Galectin-3: cellular distribution and correlation with who-grade in human gliomas. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 2001, 53(May (1)):13-20.
92. Deininger M.H., Trautmann K., Meyermann R., Schluesener H.J. Galectin-3 labeling correlates positively in tumor cells and negatively in endothelial cells with malignancy and poor prognosis in oligodendroglioma patients. Anticancer Research 2002, 22(May (3)):1585-1592.
93. Liu F.T., Rabinovich G.A. Galectins as modulators of tumour progression. Nature Reviews Cancer 2005, 5(January (1)):29-41.
94. Ito K., Stannard K., Gabutero E., Clark A.M., Neo S.Y., Onturk S., et al. Galectin-1 as a potent target for cancer therapy: role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 2012, (June).
95. Braeuer R.R., Shoshan E., Kamiya T., Bar-Eli M. The sweet and bitter sides of galectins in melanoma progression. Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research 2012, 25(September (5)):592-601.
96. Elad-Sfadia G., Haklai R., Ballan E., Gabius H.J., Kloog Y. Galectin-1 augments ras activation and diverts ras signals to raf-1 at the expense of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002, 277(October (40)):37169-37175.
97. Elad-Sfadia G., Haklai R., Balan E., Kloog Y. Galectin-3 augments k-ras activation and triggers a ras signal that attenuates ERK but not phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004, 279(August (33)):34922-34930.
98. Hsu D.K., Liu F.T. Regulation of cellular homeostasis by galectins. Glycoconjugate Journal 2004, 19(7-9):507-515.
99. Liu F.T., Yang R.Y., Saegusa J., Chen H.Y., Hsu D.K. Galectins in regulation of apoptosis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2011, 705:431-442.
100. Thijssen V.L., Poirier F., Baum L.G., Griffioen A.W. Galectins in the tumor endothelium; opportunities for combined cancer therapy. Blood 2007, 110(8):2819-2827.
101. Le Mercier M., Lefranc F., Mijatovic T., Debeir O., Haibe-Kains B., Bontempi G., et al. Evidence of galectin-1 involvement in glioma chemoresistance. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2008, 229(June (2)):172-183.
102. Wu M.H., Hong T.M., Cheng H.W., Pan S.H., Liang Y.R., Hong H.C., et al. Galectin-1-Mediated tumor invasion and metastasis, up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase expression, and reorganized actin cytoskeletons. Molecular Cancer Research: MCR 2009, 7(March (3)):311-318.
103. Eude-Le Parco I., Gendronneau G., Dang T., Delacour D., Thijssen V.L., Edelmann W., et al. Genetic assessment of the importance of galectin-3 in cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination in mice. Glycobiology 2009, 19(January (1)):68-75.
104. Takenaka Y., Fukumori T., Raz A. Galectin-3 and metastasis. Glycoconjugate Journal 2004, 19(7-9):543-549.
105. Le Mercier M., Fortin S., Mathieu V., Kiss R., Lefranc F. Galectins and gliomas. Brain Pathology 2010, 20(January (1)):17-27.
106. Newlaczyl A.U., Yu L.-G. Galectin-3 - a jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Cancer Letters 2011, 313(2):123-128.
107. Banh A., Zhang J., Cao H., Bouley D.M., Kwok S., Kong C., et al. Tumor galectin-1 mediates lung cancer growth and metastasis through regulation of t-cell apoptosis. Cancer Research 2011, 71(May (13)):4423-4431.
108. Dalotto-Moreno T., Croci D.O., Cerliani J.P., Martinez-Allo V.C., Dergan-Dylon S., Méndez-Huergo S.P., et al. Targeting galectin-1 overcomes breast cancer-associated immunosuppression and prevents metastatic disease. Cancer Research 2013, 73(February (3)):1107-1117.
109. Ilarregui J.M., Bianco G.A., Toscano M.A., Rabinovich G.A. The coming of age of galectins as immunomodulatory agents: impact of these carbohydrate binding proteins in T cell physiology and chronic inflammatory disorders. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005, 64(November (Suppl. 4)):iv96-iv103.
110. Rubinstein N., Ilarregui J.M., Toscano M.A., Rabinovich G.A. The role of galectins in the initiation, amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response. Tissue Antigens 2004, 64(July (1)):1-12.
111. Ilarregui J.M., Croci D.O., Bianco G.A., Toscano M.A., Salatino M., Vermeulen M.E., et al. Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through a galectin-1-driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10. Nature Immunology 2009, 10(September (9)):981-991.
112. Norling L.V., Sampaio A.L., Cooper D., Perretti M. Inhibitory control of endothelial galectin-1 on in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte trafficking. FASEB Journal 2008, 22(March (3)):682-690.
113. Fukumori T., Takenaka Y., Yoshii T., Kim H.R., Hogan V., Inohara H., et al. CD29 and CD7 mediate galectin-3-induced type II t-cell apoptosis. Cancer Research 2003, 63(December (23)):8302-8311.
114. Stillman B.N., Hsu D.K., Pang M., Brewer C.F., Johnson P., Liu F.T., et al. Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T cell death. Journal of Immunology 2006, 176(January (2)):778-789.
115. Yang R.Y., Hsu D.K., Liu F.T. Expression of galectin-3 modulates t-cell growth and apoptosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996, 93(June (13)):6737-6742.
116. Demotte N., Wieërs G., Van Der Smissen P., Moser M., Schmidt C., Thielemans K., et al. A galectin-3 ligand corrects the impaired function of human CD4 and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and favors tumor rejection in mice. Cancer Research 2010, 70(October (19)):7476-7488.
117. Toscano M.A., Bianco G.A., Ilarregui J.M., Croci D.O., Correale J., Hernandez J.D., et al. Differential glycosylation of TH1, TH2 and TH-17 effector cells selectively regulates susceptibility to cell death. Nature Immunology 2007, 8(August (8)):825-834.
118. Bi S., Hong P.W., Lee B., Baum L.G. Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomerase regulates the redox environment to enhance t-cell migration and HIV entry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2011, 108(June (26)):10650-10655.
119. Sato S., Ouellet N., Pelletier I., Simard M., Rancourt A., Bergeron M.G. Role of galectin-3 as an adhesion molecule for neutrophil extravasation during streptococcal pneumonia. Journal of Immunology 2002, 168(February (4)):1813-1822.
120. Wu M.H., Hong H.C., Hong T.M., Chiang W.F., Jin Y.T., Chen Y.L. Targeting galectin-1 in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by downregulating MCP-1/CCL2 expression. Clinical Cancer Research 2011, 17(March (6)):1306-1316.
121. Rubinstein N., Alvarez M., Zwirner N.W., Toscano M.A., Ilarregui J.M., Bravo A., et al. Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gene expression in tumor cells results in heightened T cell-mediated rejection; A potential mechanism of tumor-immune privilege. Cancer Cell 2004, 5(March (3)):241-251.
122. Elola M.T., Wolfenstein-Todel C., Troncoso P., Vasta G.R., Rabinovich G.A., Galectins: Matricellular glycan-binding proteins linking cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2007, 64(July (13)):1679-1700.
123. Glinsky V.V., Huflejt M.E., Glinsky G.V., Deutscher S.L., Quinn T.P. Effects of thomsen-friedenreich antigen-specific peptide P-30 on beta-galactoside-mediated homotypic aggregation and adhesion to the endothelium of MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Research 2000, 60(May (10)):2584-2588.
124. Khaldoyanidi S.K., Glinsky V.V., Sikora L., Glinskii A.B., Mossine V.V., Quinn T.P., et al. MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cell homo- and heterotypic adhesion under flow conditions is mediated in part by thomsen-friedenreich antigen-galectin-3 interactions. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003, 278(February (6)):4127-4134.
125. Glinsky V.V., Glinsky G.V., Rittenhouse-Olson K., Huflejt M.E., Glinskii O.V., Deutscher S.L., et al. The role of thomsen-friedenreich antigen in adhesion of human breast and prostate cancer cells to the endothelium. Cancer Research 2001, 61(June (12)):4851-4857.
126. Yu L.G., Andrews N., Zhao Q., McKean D., Williams J.F., Connor L.J., et al. Galectin-3 interaction with thomsen-friedenreich disaccharide on cancer-associated MUC1 causes increased cancer cell-endothelial adhesion. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006, 282(November (1)):773-781.
127. Saitoh O., Wang W.C., Lotan R., Fukuda M. Differential glycosylation and cell surface expression of lysosomal membrane glycoproteins in sublines of a human colon cancer exhibiting distinct metastatic potentials. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1992, 267(March (8)):5700-5711.
128. Elola M.T., Capurro M.I., Barrio M.M., Coombs P.J., Taylor M.E., Drickamer K., et al. Lewis x antigen mediates adhesion of human breast carcinoma cells to activated endothelium. Possible involvement of the endothelial scavenger receptor c-type lectin. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2007, 101(January (2)):161-174.
129. Kuzbicki L., Gajo B., Chwirot B.W. Different expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 in human melanomas and benign melanocytic lesions. Melanoma Research 2006, 16(June (3)):235-243.
130. Sarafian V., Jadot M., Foidart J.M., Letesson J.J., Van den Brule F., Castronovo V., et al. Expression of lamp-1 and lamp-2 and their interactions with galectin-3 in human tumor cells. International Journal of Cancer 1998, 75(January (1)):105-111.
131. Lehr J.E., Pienta K.J. Preferential adhesion of prostate cancer cells to a human bone marrow endothelial cell line. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998, 90(January (2)):118-123.
132. Griffioen A.W., Molema G., Angiogenesis: Potentials for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Pharmacological Reviews 2000, 52(June (2)):237-268.
133. Gotink K.J., Verheul H.M. Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors: what is their mechanism of action?. Angiogenesis 2010, 13(March (1)):1-14.
134. Kerbel R.S. Tumor angiogenesis. New England Journal of Medicine 2008, 358(May (19)):2039-2049.
135. Ellis L.M., Hicklin D.J. VEGF-targeted therapy: mechanisms of anti-tumour activity. Nature Reviews Cancer 2008, 8(August (8)):579-591.
136. Cederfur C., Salomonsson E., Nilsson J., Halim A., Oberg C.T., Larson G., et al. Different affinity of galectins for human serum glycoproteins: galectin-3 binds many protease inhibitors and acute phase proteins. Glycobiology 2008, 18(May (5)):384-394.
137. Delaine T., Cumpstey I., Ingrassia L., Mercier M.L., Okechukwu P., Leffler H., et al. Galectin-Inhibitory thiodigalactoside ester derivatives have antimigratory effects in cultured lung and prostate cancer cells. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2008, 51(March (24)):8109-8114.
138. Mirandola L., Yu Y., Chui K., Jenkins M.R., Cobos E., John C.M., et al. Galectin-3C inhibits tumor growth and increases the anticancer activity of bortezomib in a murine model of human multiple myeloma. PLoS ONE 2011, 6(7):e21811.
139. John C.M., Leffler H., Kahl-Knutsson B., Svensson I., Jarvis G.A. Truncated galectin-3 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic nude mouse model of human breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2003, 9(June (6)):2374-2383.
140. Salomonsson E., Carlsson M.C., Osla V., Hendus-Altenburger R., Kahl Knutson B., Oberg C.T., et al. Mutational tuning of galectin-3 specificity and biological function. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010, 285(August (45)):35079-35091.
141. Griffioen A.W., van der Schaft D.W., Barendsz-Janson A.F., Cox A., Struijker Boudier H.A., Hillen H.F., et al. Anginex, a designed peptide that inhibits angiogenesis. Biochemical Journal 2001, 354(March (Pt 2)):233-242.
142. van der Schaft D.W., Dings R.P., de Lussanet Q.G., van Eijk L.I., Nap A.W., Beets-Tan R.G., et al. The designer anti-angiogenic peptide anginex targets tumor endothelial cells and inhibits tumor growth in animal models. FASEB Journal 2002, 16(December (14)):1991-1993.
143. Dings R.P., Chen X., Hellebrekers D.M., van Eijk L.I., Zhang Y., Hoye T.R., et al. Design of nonpeptidic topomimetics of antiangiogenic proteins with antitumor activities. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2006, 98(July (13)):932-936.
144. Dings R.P., Kumar N., Miller M.C., Loren M., Rangwala H., Hoye T.R., et al. Structure-based optimization of angiostatic agent 6DBF7, an allosteric antagonist of galectin-1. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2013, 344(March (3)):589-599.
145. Salomonsson E., Thijssen V.L., Griffioen A.W., Nilsson U.J., Leffler H. The anti-angiogenic peptide anginex greatly enhances galectin-1 binding affinity for glycoproteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286(April (16)):13801-13804.
146. Ito K., Ralph S.J. Inhibiting galectin-1 reduces murine lung metastasis with increased CD4(+) and CD8 (+) T cells and reduced cancer cell adherence. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 2012, 29(April (6)):561-572.
147. Pienta K.J., Naik H., Akhtar A., Yamazaki K., Replogle T.S., Lehr J., et al. Inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in a rat prostate cancer model by oral administration of modified citrus pectin. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1995, 87(March (5)):348-353.
148. Glinskii O.V., Huxley V.H., Glinsky G.V., Pienta K.J., Raz A., Glinsky V.V. Mechanical entrapment is insufficient and intercellular adhesion is essential for metastatic cell arrest in distant organs. Neoplasia 2005, 7(May (5)):522-527.
149. Lavi I., Levinson D., Peri I., Tekoah Y., Hadar Y., Schwartz B. Chemical characterization, antiproliferative and antiadhesive properties of polysaccharides extracted from pleurotus pulmonarius mycelium and fruiting bodies. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2010, 85(February (6)):1977-1990.
150. Zou J., Glinsky V.V., Landon L.A., Matthews L., Deutscher S.L. Peptides specific to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain inhibit metastasis-associated cancer cell adhesion. Carcinogenesis 2005, 26(February (2)):309-318.
151. Glinskii O.V., Sud S., Mossine V.V., Mawhinney T.P., Anthony D.C., Glinsky G.V., et al. Inhibition of prostate cancer bone metastasis by synthetic TF antigen mimic/galectin-3 inhibitor lactulose-l-leucine. Neoplasia 2012, 14(January (1)):65-73.
152. Dings R.P., Van Laar E.S., Loren M., Webber J., Zhang Y., Waters S.J., et al. Inhibiting tumor growth by targeting tumor vasculature with galectin-1 antagonist anginex conjugated to the cytotoxic acylfulvene, 6-hydroxylpropylacylfulvene. Bioconjugate Chemistry 2010, 21(January (1)):20-27.
153. Kluza E., Jacobs I., Hectors S.J., Mayo K.H., Griffioen A.W., Strijkers G.J., et al. Dual-targeting of αvβ3 and galectin-1 improves the specificity of paramagnetic/fluorescent liposomes to tumor endothelium in vivo. Journal of Controlled Release 2012, 158(March (2)):207-214.
154. Brandwijk R.J., Mulder W.J., Nicolay K., Mayo K.H., Thijssen V.L., Griffioen A.W. Anginex-conjugated liposomes for targeting of angiogenic endothelial cells. Bioconjugate Chemistry 2007, 18(May (3)):785-790.
155. Brandwijk R.J., Griffioen A.W., Thijssen V.L. Targeted gene-delivery strategies for angiostatic cancer treatment. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2007, 13(May (5)):200-209.