Erratum: Promising unconventional pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomass (Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology (2013) 43:20 (2140-2211) DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2012.672070);Promising unconventional pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomass

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 43, Issue 20, 2013, Pages 2140-2211

  Bundhoo, Zumar M A ^a   Mudhoo, Ackmez ^a   Mohee, Romeela ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS   (Mauritius)

^b National Research   (Mauritius)

Author keywords

Bioenergy; Biomass; Lignocelluloses; Microwave; Pretreatment; Pulse electric field; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; BIOFUELS; BIOGAS; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CELLULOSE; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ENZYMES; IRRADIATION; LIGNIN; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; MICROWAVES; OZONE; PLANTS (BOTANY); SOLVENTS; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; ULTRASONICS;

BIO-ENERGY; BIOLOGICAL PRE-TREATMENT; LIGNOCELLULOSES; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRETREATMENT; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL; PRE-TREATMENT; PULSE ELECTRIC FIELDS; SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDES;

BIOMASS;

AMMONIA; BIOFUEL; BIOGAS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CELLULOSE; LIGNIN; LIGNOCELLULOSE; POLYMER;

BIOENERGY; BIOFUEL; BIOMASS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CRYSTALLINITY; DEGRADATION; DIGESTIBILITY; ELECTRIC FIELD; IRRADIATION; PERCOLATION;

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; BIOMASS; ENERGY YIELD; FRACTIONATION; HYDROLYSIS; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; OXIDATION; OZONOLYSIS; POROSITY; PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD; REVIEW; TECHNOLOGY; ULTRASOUND; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 84887904276     PISSN: 10643389     EISSN: 15476537     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2014.957984     Document Type: Erratum

References (232)

1. Aita, G. A., Salvi, D. A., and Walker, M. S. (2011). Enzyme hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation of dilute ammonia pretreated energy cane. Bioresource Technology, 102, 4444-4448.
2. 2 and its enzymatic hydrolysis for sugar production. Biosystems Engineering, 107, 61-66.
3. Alizadeh, H., Teymouri, F., Gilbert, T. I., and Dale, B. E. (2005). Pretreatment of switchgrass by ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 121-124, 1133-1142.
4. Alvira, P., Pejo, E. T., Ballesteros, M., and Negro, M. J. (2010). Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Bioresource Technology, 101, 4851-4861.
5. Appels, L., Baeyens, J., Degreve, J., and Dewil, R. (2008). Principles and potential of the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 755-781.
6. Araque, E., Parra, C., Freer, J., Contreras, D., Rodriguez, J., Mendonca, R., and Baeza, J. (2008). Evaluation of organosolv pretreatment for the conversion of Pinus radiata D. Don to ethanol. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 43, 214-219.
7. Balan, V., Sousa, L. C., Chundawat, S. P., Marshall, D., Sharma, L. N., Chambliss, C. K., and Dale, B. E. (2009). Enzymatic digestibility and pretreatment degradation products of AFEX-treated hardwoods (Populus nigra). Biotechnology Progress, 25, 365-375.
8. Ballesteros, M., Oliva, J. M., Negro, M. J., Manzanares, P., and Ballesteros, I. (2004). Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SFS) with Kluyveromycesmarxianus CECT 10875. Process Biochemistry, 39, 1843-1848.
9. Ballesteros, I., Oliva, J. M., Navarro, A. A., González, A., Carrasco, J., and Ballesteros, M. (2000). Effect of chip size on steam explosion pretreatment of softwood. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 84-86, 97-110.
10. Bals, B., Murnen, H., Allen, M., and Dale, B. (2010b). Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treatment of eleven different forages: Improvement to fiber digestibility in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 105, 147-155.
11. Bals, B., Rogers, C., Jin, M., Balan, V., and Dale, B. (2010a). Evaluation of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass harvested in different seasons and locations. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3, 1-11.
12. Banaszak, J. E., Burrowes, P., Daigger, G., Enochs, M. B., Klein, A. M., Lopez, R., Rittmann, B. E., and Schlegel, P. R. (2008). Focused-pulsed treatment of waste activated sludge: Application to waste biosolids reduction and increased methane production. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Residuals and Biosolids, 12, 104-115.
13. Banaszak, J. E., Rittmann, B. E., Pagilla, K., Lukicheva, I., and Lopez, R. (2010). Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Improved Anaerobic Digestion and Methanol Replacement Via Focused Pulsed Treatment of Wastewater Sludge. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Residuals and Biosolids, 15, 1033-1047.
14. Banerjee, S., Sen, R., Pandey, R. A., Chakrabarti, T., Satpute, D., Giri, B. S., and Mudliar, S. (2009). Evaluation of wet air oxidation as a pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production from rice husk and process optimization. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 1680-1686.
15. Ben-Ghedalia, D., and Miron, J. (1981). The effect of combined chemical and enzyme treatment on the saccharification and in vitro digestion rate of wheat straw. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 23, 823-831.
16. Ben-Ghedalia, D., and Shefet, G. (1983). Chemical treatments for increasing the digestibility of cotton straw. Journal of Agricultural Science, 100, 393-400.
17. Bohdziewicz, J., Kwarciak, A., and Neczaj, E. (2005). Influence of ultrasound field on landfill leachate treatment by means of anaerobic process. Environment Protection Engineering, 31, 61-71.
18. Bougrier, C., Albasi, C., Delgeǹes, J. P., and Carriere, H. (2006). Effects of ultrasonic, thermal and ozone pre-treatments on waste activated sludge solubilisation and anaerobic biodegradability. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Processing, 45, 711-718.
19. Bradshaw, T. C., Alizadeh, H., Teymouri, F., Balan, V., and Dale, B. E. (2007). Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on two different growth stages of reed canarygrass. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 136, 395-405.
20. Brosse, N., Sannigrahi, P., and Ragauskas, A. (2009). Pretreatment of Miscanthus x giganteus using the ethanol organosolv process for ethanol production. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 8328-8334.
21. Brown, R. F., Agbogbo, F. K., and Holtzapple, M. T. (2010). Comparison of mechanistic models in the initial rate enzymatic hydrolysis of AFEX-treated wheat straw. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3, 1-13.
22. Budarin, V. L., Clark, J. H., Lanigan, B. A., Shuttleworth, P., and Macquarrie, D. J. (2010). Microwave assisted decomposition of cellulose: A new thermochemical route for biomass exploitation. Bioresource Technology, 101, 3776-3779.
23. 2 -catalysed steam explosion of corn fiber for ethanol production. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 98, 59-70.
24. Camassola, M., and Dillon, A. J. P. (2009). Biological pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse for the production of cellulases and xylanases by Penicillium echinulatum. Industrial Crops and Products, 29, 642-647.
25. Cantarella, M., Cantarella, L., Gallifuoco, A., Spera, A., and Alfani, F. (2004). Effect of inhibitors released during steam-explosion treatment of poplar wood on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF. Biotechnology Progress, 20, 200-206.
26. Cara, C., Ruiz, E., Ballesteros, M., Manzanares, P., Negro, J. M., and Castro, E. (2008). Production of fuel ethanol from steam-explosion pretreated olive tree pruning. Fuel, 87, 692-700.
27. Cara, C., Ruiz, E., Ballesteros, I., Negro, M. J., and Castro, E. (2006). Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of olive tree wood by steam explosion and alkaline peroxide delignification. Process Biochemistry, 41, 423-429.
28. Carballa, M., Manterola, G., Larrea, L., Ternes, T., Omil, F., and Lema, J. M. (2007). Influence of ozone pre-treatment on sludge anaerobic digestion: Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Chemosphere, 67, 1444-1452.
29. Carvalheiro, F., Duarte, L. C., and Girio, F. M. (2008). Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 67, 849-864.
30. Chen, M., Zhao, J., and Xia, L. (2009). Comparison of four different chemical pretreatments of corn stover for enhancing enzymatic digestibility. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 1381-1385.
31. Choi, H., Jeong, S. W., and Chung, Y. (2006). Enhanced anaerobic gas production of waste activated sludge pretreated by pulse power technique. Bioresource Technology, 97, 198-203.
32. Chu, C. P., Chang, B. V., Liao, G. S., Jean, D. S., and Lee, D. J. (2001). Observations on changes in ultrasonically treated waste-activated sludge. Water Research, 35, 1038-1046.
33. Chundawat, S. P. S., Balan, V., and Dale, B. E. (2007). Effect of particle size based separation of milled corn stover on AFEX pretreatment and enzymatic digestibility. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 96, 219-231.
34. Clark, D. E., and Sutton, W. H. (1996). Microwave processing of materials. Annual Review of Materials Science, 26, 299-331.
35. Datar, R., Huang, J., Maness, P. C., Mohagheghi, A., Czernik, S., and Chornet, E. (2007). Hydrogen production from the fermentation of corn stover biomass pre-treated with a steam-explosion process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32, 932-939.
36. de la Hoz, A., Diaz-Ortiz, A., and Moreno, A. (2005). Microwaves in organic synthesis. Thermal and non-thermal microwave effects. Chemical Society Reviews, 34, 164-178.
37. Demirbas, A. (2008). Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections. Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 2106-2116.
38. Demirbas, M. F., and Balat, M. (2006). Recent advances on the production and utilization trends of bio-fuels: A global perspective. Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 2371-2381.
39. Deng, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., and Ma, R. (2007). The enhancement of ammonia pretreatment on the fermentation of rice straw hydrolysate to xylitol. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 31, 195-205.
40. Dewil, R., Baeyens, J., and Goutvrind, R. (2006). The use of ultrasonics in the treatment of waste activated sludge. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 14, 105-113.
41. Dien, B. S., Ximenes, E. A., O'Bryan, P. J., Moniruzzaman, M., Li, X. L., Balan, V., Dale, B., and Cotta, M. A. (2008). Enzyme characterisation for hydrolysis of AFEX and liquid hot-water pretreated distillers' grains and their conversion to ethanol. Bioresource Technology, 99, 5216-5225.
42. Doǧan, I., and Sanin, F. D. (2009). Alkaline solubilization and microwave irradiation as a combined sludge disintegration and minimization method. Water Research, 43, 2139-2148.
43. Domínguez, A., Menéndez, J. A., Fernández, Y., Pis, J. J., Nabais, J. M. V., and Carrott, P. J. M., Carrott, M. M. L. R. (2007). Conventional and microwave induced pyrolysis of coffee hulls for the production of a hydrogen rich fuel gas. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 79, 128-135.
44. Domínguez, A., Menéndez, J. A., Inguanzo, M., and Pís, J. J. (2006). Production of bio-fuels by high temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge using conventional and microwave heating. Bioresource Technology, 97, 1185-1193.
45. Elliott, A., and Mahmood, T. (2007). Pretreatment technologies for advancing anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper biotreatment residues. Water Research, 41, 4273-4286.
46. Erden, G., and Filibeli, A. (2010). Ultrasonic pre-treatment of biological sludge: Consequences for disintegration, anaerobic biodegradability, and filterability. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 85, 145-150.
47. Eskicioglu, C., Droste, R. L., and Kennedy, K. J. (2009). Performance of continuous flow anaerobic sludge digesters after microwave pretreatment. Water Environment Foundation, 526-540.
48. Eskicioglu, C., Kennedy, K. J., and Droste, R. L. (2008). Initial examination of microwave pretreatment on primary, secondary and mixed sludges before and after anaerobic digestion. Water Science & Technology, 57, 311-317.
49. Eskicioglu, C., Terzian, N., Kennedy, K. J., Droste, R. L., and Hamoda, M. (2007). Athermal microwave effects for enhancing digestibility of waste activated sludge. Water Research, 41, 2457-2466.
50. Faaij, A. (2006). Modern biomass conversion technologies. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11, 343-375.
51. Fox, M. B., Esveld, D. C., Valero, A., Luttge, R., Mastwijk, H. C., Bartels, P. V., van den Berg, A., and Boom, R. M. (2006). Electroporation of cells in microfluidic devices: A review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 385, 474-485.
52. Fox, M. B., and Noike, T. (2004). Wet oxidation pretreatment for the increase in anaerobic biodegradability of newspaper waste. Bioresource Technology, 91, 273-81.
53. Fu, Z., and Holtzapple, M. T. (2010). Anaerobic mixed-culture fermentation of aqueous ammonia-treated sugarcane bagasse in consolidated bioprocessing. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 106, 216-227.
54. 2 pretreatment in increasing rice straw biomass conversion. Biosystems Engineering, 106, 470-475.
55. Garcia, A., Egües, I., Toledano, A., Gonzalez, M., Serrano, L., and Labidi, J. (2009). Biorefining of lignocellulosic residues using ethanol organosolv process. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 18, 911-916.
56. Garcia, J. G., Saez, V., Tudela, I., Garcia, M. I. D., Esclapez, M. D., and Louisnard, O. (2010). Sonochemical treatment of water polluted by chlorinated organocompounds: A review. Water, 2, 28-74.
57. García-Cubero, M. T., Coca, M., Bolado, S., and González-Benito, G. (2010). Chemical oxidation with pzone as pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 1273-1278.
58. García-Cubero, M. T., González-Benito, G., Indacoechea, I., Coca, M., and Bolado, S. (2009). Effect of ozonolysis pretreatment on enzymatic digestibility of wheat and rye straw. Bioresource Technology, 100, 1608-1613.
59. Garlock, R. J., Chundawat, S. P. S., Balan, V., and Dale, B. E. (2009). Optimizing harvest of corn stover fractions based on overall sugar yields following ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2, 1-14.
60. Gelman, D. M., and Pelmutter, P. (2009). Microwave-assisted selenium dioxide mediated selective oxidation of 1-tetralones to 1,2-naphthoquinones. Tetrahedron Letters, 50, 39-40.
61. Gerpen, J. V. (2005). Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Processing Technology, 86, 1097-1107.
62. Goel, R., Tokutomi, T., Yasui, H., and Noike, T. (2003). Optimal process configuration for anaerobic digestion with ozonation. Water Science and Technology, 48, 85-96.
63. Gollapalli, L. E., Dale, B. E., and Rivers, D. M. (2002). Predicting digestibility of ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX)-treated rice straw. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 98-100, 23-35.
64. Golmakani, M. T., and Rezaei, K. (2008). Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation with the traditional hydrodistillation method in the extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Food Chemistry, 109, 925-930.
65. Gupta, R., and Lee, Y. Y. (2009). Pretreatment of hybrid poplar by aqueous ammonia. Biotechnology Progress, 25, 357-364.
66. Gupta, R., Mehta, G., Khasa, Y. P., and Kuhad, R. C. (2011). Fungal delignification of lignocellulosic biomass improves the saccharification of cellulosics. Biodegradation, 22, 797-804.
67. Hage, R. E., Brosse, N., Chrusciel, L., Sanchez, C., Sannigrahi, P., and Ragauskas, A. (2009). Characterisation of milled wood lignin and ethanol organosolv lignin from miscanthus. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94, 1632-1638.
68. Hallac, B. B., Pu, Y., Ragauskas, A. J. (2010b). Chemical transformations of Buddleja davidii lignin during ethanol organosolv pretreatment. Energy & Fuels, 24, 2723-2732.
69. Hallac, B. B., Sannigrahi, P., Pu, Y., Ray, M., Murphy, R. J., Ragauskas, A. J. (2010a). Effect of Ethanol organosolv pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of Buddleja davidii stem. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 1467-1472.
70. Hamelinck, C. N., Hooijdonk, G. V., and Faaij, A. P. C. (2005). Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: techno-economic performance in short-, middle-and long-term. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28, 384-410.
71. Han, G., Deng, J., Zhang, S., Bicho, P., and Wu, Q. (2010). Effect of steam explosion treatment on characteristics of wheat straw. Industrial Crops and Products, 31, 28-33.
72. Han, M., Moon, S. K., Kim, Y., Kim, Y., Chung, B., and Choi, G. K. (2009). Bioethanol production from ammonia percolated wheat straw. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 14, 606-611.
73. Hendriks, A. T. W. M., and Zeeman, G. (2009). Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, 100, 10-18.
74. Hogan, F., Mormede, S., Clark, P., and Crane, M. (2004). Ultrasonic sludge treatment for enhanced anaerobic digestion. Water Science and Technology, 50, 25-32.
75. Hong, S. M., Park, J. K., and Lee, Y. O. (2004). Mechanisms of microwave irradiation involved in the destruction of fecal coliforms from biosolids. Water Research, 38, 1615-1625.
76. Hongzhang, C., and Lliying, L. (2007). Unpolluted fractionation of wheat straw by steam explosion and ethanol extraction. Bioresource Technology, 98, 666-676.
77. Hoogenboom, R., and Schubert, U. S. (2007). Microwave-assisted polymer synthesis: Recent developments in a rapidly expanding field of research. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 28, 368-386.
78. Howard, R. L., Abotsi, E., Jansen van Rensburg, E. L., and Howard, S. (2003). Lignocellulose biotechnology: Issues of bioconversion and enzyme production. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 602-619.
79. Hu, Z., Wang, Y., and Wen, Z. (2008). Alkali (NaOH) pretreatment of switchgrass by radio frequency-based dielectric heating. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 148, 71-81.
80. Hu, Z., and Wen, Z. (2008). Enhancing enzymatic digestibility of switchgrass by microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 38, 369-378.
81. Huijgen, W. J. J., Reith, J. H., and Uil, H. D. (2010). Pretreatment and fractionation of wheat straw by an acetone-based organosolv process. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 10132-10140.
82. Isci, A., Himmelsbach, J. N., Pometto, A. L., Raman, D. R., and Anex, R. P. (2008). Aqueous ammonia soaking of switchgrass followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Applied Biohcemistry and Biotechnology, 144, 69-77.
83. Jin, M., Lau, M. W., Balan, V., and Dale, B. E. (2010). Two-step SSCF to convert AFEXtreated switchgrass to ethanol using commercial enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST). Bioresource Technology, 101, 8171-8178.
84. Jin, Y., Li, H., Mahar, R. B., Wang, Z., and Nie, Y. (2009). Combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sludge before aerobic digestion. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21, 279-284.
85. Josefsson, T., Lennholm, H., and Gellerstedt, G. (2002). Steam explosion of aspen wood. Characterisation of reaction products. Holzforschung, 56, 289-297.
86. Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, A. B., Kongjan, P., and Angelidaki, I. (2009). Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, 100, 2562-2568.
87. Keller, F. A., Hamilton, J. E., and Nguyen, Q. A. (2003). Microbial pretreatment of biomass: Potential for reducing severity of thermochemical biomass pretreatment. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 105, 27-41.
88. Kennedy, K. J., Thibault, G., and Droste, R. L. (2007). Microwave enhanced digestion of aerobic SBR sludge. Water SA, 33, 261-270.
89. Keshwani, D. R., and Cheng, J. J. (2009). Switchgrass for bioethanol and other valueadded applications: A review. Bioresource Technology, 100, 1515-1523.
90. Keshwani, D., Cheng, J. J., Burns, J. C., Li, L., and Chiang, V. (2007). Microwave pretreatment of switchgrass to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. Conference Presentations and White Papers: Biological Systems Engineering, 35.
91. Keshwani, D., and Cheng, J. J. (2010). Microwave-based alkali pretreatment of switchgrass and coastal Bermuda grass for bioethanol production. Biotechnology Progress, 26, 644-652.
92. Kim, J. S., Kim, H., Lee, J. S., Lee, J. P., and Park, S. C. (2008). Pretreatment characteristics of waste oak wood by ammonia percolation. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 148, 15-22.
93. Kim, J. S., Lee, Y. Y., and Park, S. C. (2000). Pretreatment of wastepaper and pulp mill sludge by aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 84, 129-139.
94. 2 pretreatment of lignocellulose enhances enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Bioresource Technology, 77, 139-144.
95. Kim, N., Kim, H., and Kim, J. (2005). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation from ammonia pretreated waste oak wood for fuel ethanol production. Theories and Applications of Chemical Engineering, 11, 1731-1734.
96. Kim, T. H., and Lee, Y. Y. (2006). Fractionation of corn stover by hot-water and aqueous ammonia treatment. Bioresource Technology, 97, 224-232.
97. Kim, T. H., Kim, J. S., Sunwoo, C., and Lee, Y. Y. (2003). Pretreatment of corn stover by aqueous ammonia. Bioresource Technology, 90, 39-47.
98. Kim, T. H., Nghiem, N. P., and Hicks, K. B. (2009). Pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by soaking in ethanol and aqueous ammonia. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 153, 171-179.
99. Klinke, H. B., Ahring, B. K., Schmidt, A. S., and Thomsen, A. B. (2002). Characterization of degradation products from alkaline wet oxidation of wheat straw. Bioresource Technology, 82, 15-26.
100. Klinke, H. B., Olsson, L., Thomsen, A. B., and Ahring, B. K. (2003). Potential inhibitors from wet oxidation of wheat straw and their effect on ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Wet oxidation and fermentation by yeast. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 81, 738-747.
101. Klinke, H. B., Thomsen, A. B., and Ahring, B. K. (2001). Potential inhibitors from wet oxidation of what straw and their effect on growth and ethanol production by Thermoanaerobacter mathranii. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 57, 631-638.
102. Kobayashi, F., Take, H., Asada, C., and Nakamura, Y. (2004). Methane production from steam-exploded bamboo. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 97, 426-428.
103. Kojima, Y., and Yoon, S. L. (2008). Improved enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper by ozone pretreatment. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 10, 134-139.
104. Kopplow, O., Barjenbruch, M., and Heinz, V. (2004). Sludge pre-treatment with pulsed electric fields. Water Science Technology, 49, 123-129.
105. Kubo, S., and Kadla, J. F. (2004). Poly(ethylene oxide)/organosolv lignin blends: Relationship between thermal properties, chemical structure and blend behavior. Macromolecules, 37, 6904-6911.
106. Kuhar, S., Nair, L. M., and Kuhad, R. C. (2008). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with fungi capable of higher lignin degradation and lower carbohydrate degradation improves substrate acid hydrolysis and the eventual conversion to ethanol. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 54, 305-313.
107. Kumar, P., Barrett, D. M., Delwiche, M. J., and Stroeve, P. (2009a). Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 3713-3729.
108. Kumar, P., Barrett, D. M., Delwiche, M. J., and Stroeve, P. (2011). Pulsed electric field pretreatment of switchgrass and wood chip species for biofuel production. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 50, 10996-11001.
109. Kumar, R., Mago, G., Balan, V., and Wyman, C. E. (2009b). Physical and chemical characterisations of corn stover and poplar solids resulting from leading pretreatment technologies. Bioresource Technology, 100, 3948-3962.
110. Kumar, R., and Wyman, C. E. (2009). Access of cellulase to cellulose and lignin for poplar solids produced by leading pretreatment technologies. Biotechnology Progress, 25, 807-819.
111. Kusdiana, D., and Saka, S. (2001). Kinetics of transesterification in rapeseed oil to biodiesel fuel as treated in supercritical methanol. Fuel, 80, 693-698.
112. Lau, M. W., Dale, B. E., and Balan, V. (2008). Ethanolic fermentation of hydrolysates from ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treated corn stover and distillers grain without detoxification and external nutrient supplementation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 99, 529-539.
113. Lau, M. J., Lau, M.W., Gunawan, C., and Dale, B. E. (2010). Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation on empty palm fruit bunch fiber (EPFBF) for cellulosic ethanol production. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 162, 1847-1857.
114. Laureano-Perez, L., Teymouri, F., Alizadeh, H., and Dale, B. E. (2005). Understanding factors that limit enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 124, 1081-1099.
115. Lee, I. S., and Rittman, B. E. (2011). Effect of low solids retention time and focused pulsed pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Bioresource Technology, 102, 2542-2548.
116. Lee, J. M., Jameel, H., and Venditti, R. A. (2010a). A comparison of the autohydrolysis and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatments on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of coastal Bermuda grass. Bioresource Technology, 101, 5449-5458.
117. Lee, J. M., Jameel, H., and Venditti, R. A. (2010b). Effect of ozone and autohydrolysis pretreatments on enzymatic digestibility of coastal Bermuda grass. BioResources, 5, 1084-1101.
118. Lee, J. W., Gwak, K. S., Park, J. Y., Park, M. J., Choi, D. H., Kwon, M., and Choi, I. G. (2007). Biological pretreatment of softwood Pinus densiflora by three white rot fungi. The Journal of Microbiology, 45, 485-491.
119. Leighton, T. G. (2008). The Rayleigh-Plesset equation in terms of volume with explicit shear losses. Ultrasonics, 48, 85-90.
120. Li, J., Henriksson, G., and Gellerstedt, G. (2007). Lignin depolymerization/repolymerization and its critical role for delignification of aspen wood by steam explosion. Bioresource Technology, 98, 3061-3068.
121. Li, X., and Kim, T. H. (2011). Low-liquid pretreatment of corn stover with aqueous ammonia. Bioresource Technology, 102, 4779-4786.
122. Lissens, G., Klinke, H., Verstraete, W., Ahring, B., and Thomsen, A. B. (2004a). Wet oxidation pre-treatment of woody yard waste: Parameter optimization and enzymatic digestibility for ethanol production. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 79, 889-895.
123. Lissens, G., Thomsen, A. B., Baere, L. D., Verstraete, W., and Ahring, B. K. (2004b). Thermal wet oxidation improves anaerobic biodegradability of raw and digested biowaste. Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 3418-3424.
124. Lissens, G., Klinke, H., Verstraete, W., Ahring, B., and Thomsen, A. B. (2004c). Wet oxidation treatment of organic household waste enriched with wheat straw for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation into ethanol. Environmental Technology, 25, 647-655.
125. Mao, T., Hong, S. Y., Show, K. Y., Tay, J. H., and Lee, D. J. (2004). A comparison of ultrasound treatment on primary and secondary sludges. Water Science and Technology, 50, 91-97.
126. Martin, C., González, Y., Fernández, T., and Thomsen, A. B. (2006). Investigation of cellulose convertibility and ethanolic fermentation of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by wet oxidation and steam explosion. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 81, 1669-1677.
127. Martin, C., Klinke, H. B., and Thomsen, A. B. (2007). Wet oxidation as a pretreatment method for enhancing the enzymatic convertibility of sugarcane bagasse. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40, 426-432.
128. Martin, C., Marcet, M., and Thomsen, A. B. (2008b). Comparison between wet oxidation and steam explosion as pretreatment methods for enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Bioresources, 3, 670-683.
129. Martin, C., and Thomsen, A. B. (2007). Wet oxidation pretreatment of lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane, rice, cassava and peanuts for ethanol production. Journal of Chemical technology and Biotechnology, 82, 174-181.
130. Martin, C., Thomsen, M. H., Nielsen, H. H., and Thomsen, A. B. (2008a). Wet oxidation pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of clover-ryegrass mixtures. Bioresource Technology, 99, 8777-8782.
131. Matus, K. J. M., Xiao, X., and Zimmerman, J. B. (September 2012). Green chemistry and green engineering in China: drivers, policies, and barriers to innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 32, 193-203.
132. Meher, L. C., Sagar, D. V., and Naik, S. N. (2006). Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification-a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, 248-268.
133. Mesa, L., Gonzalez, E., Cara, C., Ruiz, E., Castro, E., and Mussatto, S. I. (2010). An approach to optimisation of enzymatic hydrolysis from sugarcane bagasse based on organosolv pretreatment. Journal of Chemical technology and Biotechnology, 85, 1092-1098.
134. Mosier, N., Wyman, C., Dale, B., Elander, R., Lee, Y. Y., Holtzapple, M., and Ladisch, M. (2005). Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, 96, 673-686.
135. Munoz, C., Mendonca̧, R., Baeza, J., Berlin, A., Saddler, J., and Freer, J. (2007). Bioethanol production from bio-organosolv pulps of Pinus radiata and Acacia dealbata. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82, 767-774.
136. Narayanaswamy, N., Faik, A., Goetz, D. J., and Gu, T. (2011). Supercritical carbon dioxide pretreatment of corn stover and switchgrass for lignocellulosic ethanol production. Bioresource Technology, 102, 6995-7000.
137. Neely, W. C. (1984). Factors affecting the pretreatment of biomass with gaseous ozone. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 20, 59-65.
138. Negro, M. J., Manzanares, P., Oliva, J. M., Ballesteros, I., and Ballesteros, M. (2003). Changes in various physical/chemical parameters of Pinus pinaster wood after steam explosion pretreatment. Biomass and Bioenergy, 25, 301-308.
139. Neis, U., Nickel, K., and Tiehm, A. (2000). Enhancement of anaerobic sludge digestion by ultrasonic disintegration. Water Science and Technology, 42, 73-80.
140. Nikolic, S., Mojovic, L., Rakin, M., Pejin, D., and Pejin, J. (2010). Ultrasound-assisted production of bioethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn meal. Food Chemistry, 122, 216-222.
141. Nitayavardhana, S., Rakshit, S. K., Grewell, D., Leeuwen, J. H. V., and Khanal, S. K. (2008). Ultrasound pretreatment of cassava chip slurry to enhance sugar release for subsequent ethanol production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 101, 487-496.
142. Nüchter, M., Ondruschka, B., Bonrath, W., and Gum, A. (2004). Microwave assisted synthesis-a critical technology overview. Green Chemistry, 6, 128-141.
143. Oh, K. K., Kim, Y. S., Yoon, H. H., and Tae, B. S. (2002). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass using combination of ammonia recycled percolation and dilute-acid process. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 8, 64-70.
144. Palonen, H., Thomsen, A. B., Tenkanen, M., Schmidt, A. S., and Viikari, L. (2004). Evaluation of wet oxidation pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 117, 1-17.
145. Pan, X., Gilkes, N., Kadla, J. F., Pye, K., Saka, S., Gregg, D., Ehara, K., Xie, D., Lam, D., Saddler, J., 2006b. Bioconversion of Hybrid Poplar to Ethanol and Coproducts Using an Organosolv Fractionation Process: Optimisation of Process Yields. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 94, 851-861.
146. Pan, X., Kadla, J. F., Ehara, K., Gilkes, N., and Saddler, J. N. (2006a). Organosolv ethanol lignin from hybrid poplar as a radical scavenger: Relationship between lignin structure, extraction conditions and antioxidant activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 5806-5813.
147. Pan, X., Xie, D., Yu, R. W., Lam, D., and Saddler, J. N. (2007). Pretreatment of lodgepole pine killed by mountain pine beetle using the ethanol organosolv process: Fractionation and process optimisation. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46, 2609-2617.
148. Panagiotou, G., and Olsson, L. (2007). Effect of compounds released during pretreatment of wheat straw on microbial growth and enzymatic hydrolysis rates. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 96, 250-258.
149. Park, B., Ahn, J. H., Kim, J., and Hwang, S. (2004). Use of microwave pretreatment for enhanced anaerobiosis of secondary sludge. Water Science & Technology, 50, 17-23.
150. Park, N., Kim, H. Y., Koo, B. W., Yeo, H., and Choi, I. G. (2010). Organosolv pretreatment with various catalysts for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of pitch pine (Pinus rigida). Bioresource Technology, 101, 7046-7053.
151. Park, W. J., Ahn, J. H., Hwang, S., and Lee, C. K. (2010). Effect of output power, target temperature and solid concentration on the solubilisation of waste activated sludge using microwave irradiation. Bioresource Technology, 101, 513-516.
152. Pedersen, M., and Meyer, A. S. (2009). Influence of substrate particle size and wet oxidation on physical surface structures and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. Biotechnology Progress, 25, 399-408.
153. Pucihar, G., Miklavčič, D., and Kotnik, T. (2009). A time-dependent numerical model of transmembrane voltage inducement and electroporation of irregularly shaped cells. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 56, 1491-1501.
154. Qiao, W., Wang, W., Zhu, C. P., and Zhang, Z. Z. (2010). Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion. Science China Technological Sciences 53, 144-149.
155. Rio, L. F. D., Chandra, R. P., and Saddler, J. N. (2010). The effect of varying organosolv pretreatment chemicals on the physicochemical properties and cellulosic hydrolysis of mountain pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 161, 1-21.
156. Rittman, B. E., Lee, H. S., Zhang, H., Alder, J., Banaszak, J. E., and Lopez, R. (2008). Full-scale application of focused-pulsed pre-treatment for improving biosolids digestion and conversion to methane. Water Science and Technology, 58, 1895-1901.
157. Ruiz, E., Cara, C., Manzanares, P., Ballesteros, M., and Castro, E. (2008). Evaluation of steam explosion pre-treatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower stalks. Enzyme and Microbial technology, 42, 160-166.
158. Saha, B. C. (2003). Hemicellulose bioconversion. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30, 279-291.
159. Salema, A. A., and Ani, F. N. (2011). Microwave induced pyrolysis of oil palm biomass. Bioresource Technology, 102, 3388-3395.
160. Salerno, M. B., Lee, H. S., Parameswaran, P., and Rittman, B. E. (2009). Using a pulsed electric field as a pretreatment for improved biosolids digestion and methanogenesis. Water Environment Research, 81, 831-839.
161. Salvi, D. A., Aita, G. M., Robert, D., and Bazan, V. (2010). Ethanol production from sorghum by a dilute ammonia pretreatment. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 37, 27-34.
162. Sannigrahi, P., Miller, S. J., and Ragauskas, A. J. (2010a). Effects of organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on cellulose structure and crystallinity in Loblolly pine. Carbohydrate Research, 345, 965-970.
163. Sannigrahi, P., Ragauskas, A. J., and Miller, S. J. (2010b). Lignin structural modifications resulting from ethanol organosolv treatment of loblolly pine. Energy & Fuels, 24, 683-689.
164. Santos, A. L. F., Kawase, K. Y. F., and Coelho, G. L. V. (2011). Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials after treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 56, 277-282.
165. Shao, Q., Chundawat, S. P. S., Krishnan, C., Bals, B., Sousa, L. C., Thelen, K. D., Dale, B. E., and Balan, V. (2010). Enzymatic digestibility and ethanol fermentability of AFEX-treated starch-rich lignocellulosics such as corn silage and whole corn plant. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3, 1-10.
166. Sheehan, J., Aden, A., Paustian, K., Killian, K., Brenner, J., Walsh, M., and Nelson, R. (2003). Energy and environmental aspects of using corn stover for fuel ethanol. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 7, 117-146.
167. Sheldon, R. A. (2012). Fundamentals of green chemistry: efficiency in reaction design. Chemical Society Reviews, 41, 1437-1451.
168. Sheng, J., Vannela, R., and Rittman, B. E. (2011). Evaluation of cell-disruption effects of pulsed-electric-field treatment of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 3795-3802.
169. Shevchenko, S. M., Chang, K., Robinson, J., and Saddler, J. N. (2000). Optimization of monosaccharide recovery by post-hydrolysis of the water-soluble hemicellulose component after steam explosion of softwood chips. Bioresource Technology, 72, 207-211.
170. Shewale, S. D., and Pandit, A. B. (2009). Enzymatic production of glucose from different qualities of grain sorghum and application of ultrasound to enhance the yield. Carbohydrate Research, 344, 52-60.
171. Show, K. Y., Mao, T., and Lee, D. J. (2007). Optimisation of sludge disruption by sonication. Water Research, 41, 4741-4747.
172. Sievers, M., Ried, A., and Koll, R. (2004). Sludge treatment by ozonation-evaluation of full-scale results. Water Science and Technology, 49, 247-253.
173. Silverstein, R. A., Chen, Y., Sharma-Shivappa, R. R. S., Boyette, M. D., and Osborne, J. (2007). A comparison of chemical pretreatment methods for improving saccharification of cotton stalks. Bioresource Technology, 98, 3000-3011.
174. Simonetti, M., Rossi, G., Cabbai, V., and Goi, D. (2010). Experimental tests of ultrasonic pre-treatment on organic fractions for anaerobic co-digestion. Third International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, 8-11 November 2010 Venice, Italy.
175. Singh, P., Suman, A., Tiwari, P., Arya, N., Gaur, A., and Shrivastava, A. K. (2008). Biological pretreatment of sugarcane trash for its conversion to fermentable sugars. World Journal of Microbial Biotechnology, 24, 667-673.
176. Sólyom, K., Mato, R. B., Pérez-Elvira, S. I., and Cocero, M. J. (2011). The influence of the energy absorbed from microwave pretreatment on biogas production from secondary wastewater sludge. Bioresource Technology, 102, 10849-10854.
177. Sorensen, A., Teller, P. J., Hilstrom, T., Ahring, B. K. 2008. Hydrolysis of Miscanthus for bioethanol production using dilute acid presoaking combined with wet explosion pre-treatment and enzymatic treatment. Bioresource Technology, 99, 6602-6607.
178. Srinivasan, N., and Ju, L. K. (2010). Pretreatment of guayule biomass using supercritical carbon dioxide-based method. Bioresource Technology, 101, 9785-9791.
179. Srogi, K. (2006). A review: Application of microwave techniques for environmental analytical chemistry. Analytical Letters, 39, 1261-1288.
180. Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J. (1996). Aquatic chemistry. New York, NY: Wiley.
181. Sugimoto, T., Magara, K., Hosoya, S., Oosawa, S., Shimoda, T., and Nishibori, K. (2009). Ozone pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: Improvement of enzymatic susceptibility of softwood. Holzforschung, 63, 537-543.
182. Sun, F., and Chen, H. (2007). Evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw pretreated by atmospheric glycerol autocatalysis. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82, 1039-1044.
183. Sun, F., and Chen, H. (2008a). Organosolv pretreatment by crude glycerol from oleochemicals industry for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. Bioresource Technology, 99, 5474-5479.
184. Sun, F., and Chen, H. (2008b). Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw by aqueous glycerol pretreatment. Bioresource Technology, 99, 6156-6161.
185. Sun, Y., and Cheng, J. (2002). Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: A review. Bioresource Technology, 83, 1-11.
186. Taherzadeh, M. J., and Karimi, K. (2007). Enzyme-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review. Bioresources, 2, 707-738.
187. Taherzadeh, M. J., and Karimi, K. (2008). Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 9, 1621-1651.
188. Taniguchi, M., Suzuki, H., Watanabe, D., Sakai, K., Hoshino, K., and Tanaka, K. (2005). Evaluation of pretreatment with Pleurotus ostreatus for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 100, 637-643.
189. Teymouri, F., Laureano-Perez, L., Alizadeh, H., and Dale, B. E. (2004). Ammonia fiber explosion treatment of corn stover. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 113-116, 951-63.
190. Thomsen, M. (2005). Complex media from processing of agricultural crops for microbial fermentation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 68, 598-606.
191. Thygesen, A., Thomsen, A. B., Schmidt, A. S., Jorgensen, H., Ahring, B. K., and Olsson, L. (2003). Production of cellulose and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes by filamentous fungi cultivated on wet-oxidised wheat straw. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32, 606-615.
192. Trouqué, L. S., and Forster, C. F. (2002). The use of ultrasound and-irradiaion as pretreatments for the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Bioresource Technology, 84, 113-118.
193. Tucker, M. P., Kim, K. H., Newman, M. M., and Nguyen, Q. A. (2003). Effects of temperature and moisture on dilute-acid steam explosion pretreatment of corn stover and cellulase enzyme digestibility. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 105, 165-177.
194. Varga, E., Klinke, H. B., Réczey, K., and Thomsen, A. B. (2004). High solid simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wet oxidized corn stover to ethanol. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 88, 567-574.
195. Varga, E., Reczey, K., and Zacchi, G. (2004). Optimization of steam pretreatment for corn stover to enhance enzymatic digestibility. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 113, 509-523.
196. Varga, E., Schmidt, A. S., Réczey, K., and Thomsen, A. B. (2003). Pretreatment of corn stover using wet oxidation to enhance enzymatic digestibility. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 104, 37-50.
197. Viola, E., Cardinale, M., Santarcangelo, R., Villone, A., and Zimbardi, F. (2008b). Ethanol from eel grass via steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 32, 613-618.
198. Viola, E., Zimbardi, F., Cardinale, M., Cardinale, G., Braccio, G., and Gambacorta, E. (2008a). Processing cereal straws by steam explosion in a pilot plant to enhance digestibility in ruminants. Bioresource Technology, 99, 681-689.
199. Volynets, B., and Dahman, Y. (2011). Assessment of pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw as a sugar source for bioprocess industry. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 2, 427-446.
200. Vrije, T. D., Haas, G. G. D., Tan, G. B., Keijsers, E. R. P., and Claassen, P. A. M. (2002). Pretreatment of Miscanthus for hydrogen production by Thermotoga elfii. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 27, 1381-1390.
201. Walsum, G. P. V., and Shi, H. (2004). Carbonic acid enhancement of hydrolysis in aqueous pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresource Technology, 93, 217-226.
202. Wang, J., Yue, Z. B., Chen, T. H., Peng, S. C., Yu, H. Q., and Chen, H. Z. (2010). Anaerobic digestibility and fiber composition of bulrush in response to steam explosion. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6610-6614.
203. Wang, X., and Feng, Z. (2004). Biofuel use and its emission of noxious gases in rural China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 8, 183-192.
204. Ward, A. J., Hobbs, P. J., Holliman, P. J., and Jones, D. L. (2008). Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources. Bioresource Technology, 99, 7928-7940.
205. Weemaes, M., Grootaerd, H., Simons, F., and Verstraete, W. (2000). Anaerobic digestion of ozonized biosolids. Water Science and Technology, 34, 2330-2336.
206. Wiesbrock, F., Hoogenboom, R., and Schubert, U. S. (2004). Microwave-assisted polymer synthesis: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 25, 1739-1764.
207. Wojciechowska, E. (2005). Application of microwaves for sewage sludge conditioning. Water Research, 39, 4749-4754.
208. Wu, T. N. (2008). Environmental perspectives of microwave applications as remedial alternatives: Review. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management, 12, 102-115.
209. Wyman, C. E., Dale, B. E., Elander, R. T., Holtzapple, M., Ladisch, M. R., and Lee, Y. Y. (2005a). Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies. Bioresource Technology, 96, 1959-1966.
210. Wyman, C. E., Dale, B. E., Elander, R. T., Holtzapple, M., Ladisch, M. R., and Lee, Y. Y. (2005b). Comparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover. Bioresource Technology, 96, 2026-2032.
211. Xiao, W., Han, L., and Zhao, Y. (2011). Comparative study of conventional and microwave-assisted liquefaction of corn stover in ethylene glycol. Industrial Crops and Products, 34, 1602-1606.
212. Xie, B., Wang, L., and Liu, H. (2008). Using low intensity ultrasound to improve the efficiency of biological phosphorus removal. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 15, 775-781.
213. Xie, R., Xing, Y., Ghani, Y. A., Ooi, K. E., and Ng, S. W. (2007). Full scale demonstration of an ultrasonic disintegration technology in enhancing anaerobic digestion of mixed primary and thickened secondary sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 6, 533-541.
214. Yachmenev, V., Condon, B., Klasson, T., and Lambert, A. (2009). Acceleration of the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover and sugar cane bagasse celluloses by low intensity uniform ultrasound. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 3, 25-31.
215. Yang, B., and Wyman, C. E. (2008). Pretreatment: The key to unlocking low-cost cellulosic ethanol. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, 2, 26-40.
216. Yeom, I. T., Lee, K. R., Lee, Y. H., Ahn, K. H., and Lee, S. H. (2002). Effects of ozone treatment on the biodegradability of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water Science and Technology, 46, 421-425.
217. Yue, Z. B., Liu, R. H., Yu, H. Q., Chen, H. Z., Yu, B., Harada, H., and Li, Y. Y. (2008). Enhanced anaerobic ruminal degradation of bulrush through steam explosion pretreatment. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 47, 5899-5905.
218. Zhang, B., and Shahbazi, A. (2011). Recent developments in pretreatment technologies for production of lignocellulosic biofuels. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology, 2, 1-8.
219. Zhang, H., Banaszak, J. E., Parameswaran, P., Alder, J., Brown, R. K., and Rittmann, B. E. (2009). Focused-pulsed sludge pre-treatment increases the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens in a full-scale anaerobic digester. Water Research, 43, 4517-4526.
220. Zhang, L., Dong, L., Wang, L., Wang, T., Zhang, L., Chen, X. D., and Mao, Z. (2008). Effect of steam explosion on biodegradation of lignin in wheat straw. Bioresource Technology, 99, 8512-8515.
221. Zhang, X., Yu, H., Huang, H., and Liu, Y. (2007). Evaluation of biological pretreatment with white rot fungi for the enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo culms. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 60, 159-164.
222. Zhang, Z., and Zhao, Z. K. (2010). Microwave-assisted conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into furans in ionic liquid. Bioresource Technology, 101, 1111-1114.
223. Zhao, X., Cheng, K., and Liu, D. (2009). Organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 82, 815-827.
224. Zheng, Y., Lin, H. M., and Tsao, G. T. (1998). Pretreatment for cellulose hydrolysis by carbon dioxide explosion. Biotechnology Progress, 14, 890-896.
225. Zheng, Y., Lin, H. M., Wen, J., Cao, N., Yu, X., and Tsao, G. T. (1995). Supercritical carbon dioxide explosion as a pretreatment for cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnology Letters, 17, 845-850.
226. Zheng, Y., Pan, Z., and Zhang, R. (2009). Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2, 51-68.
227. Zhong, C., Lau, M. W., Balan, V., Dale, B. E., and Yuan, Y. J. (2009). Optimisation of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation from AFEX-treated rice straw. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 84, 667-676.
228. Zhu, J. Y., and Pan, X. J. (2010). Woody biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production: Technology and energy consumption evaluation. Bioresource Technology, 101, 4992-5002.
229. Zhu, S., Wu, Y., Yu, Z., Zhang, X., Li, H., and Gao, M. (2006). The effect of microwave irradiation on enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. Bioresource Technology, 97, 1964-1968.
230. Zhu, Y. J., Pan, X., and Zalesny, R. S. J. (2010). Pretreatment of woody biomass for biofuel production: energy efficiency, technologies and recalcitrance. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87, 847-857.
231. Zimbardi, F., Viola, E., Nanna, F., Larocca, E., Cardinale, M., and Barisano, D. (2007). Acid impregnation and steam explosion of corn stover in batch processes. Industrial Crops and Products, 26, 195-206.
232. Zimmerman, J. B. and Anastas, P. T. (2009). Integrating green engineering into engineering curricula. In: Green Chemistry Education, ACS Symposium Series, Volume 1011, Ch. 9, p. 137-146.