Differences in neurobiological pathways of four "clinical content" subtypes of depression

Behavioural Brain Research

Volumn 256, Issue , 2013, Pages 368-376

  Sharpley, Christopher F ^a   Bitsika, Vicki ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

^b BOND UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Depression; Subtypes; Symptoms

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; FLUOXETINE; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; SERTRALINE;

ANHEDONIA; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FATIGUE; HYPERSOMNIA; INSOMNIA; MAJOR DEPRESSION; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROBIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; THOUGHT DISORDER; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEIGHT GAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

DEPRESSION; SUBTYPES; SYMPTOMS;

ANHEDONIA; DEPRESSION; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; HUMANS;

EID: 84884140147     PISSN: 01664328     EISSN: 18727549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.030     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Kessler R., Petukhova M., Sampson N., Zaslavsky A., Wittchen H. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetile morbidity risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the Unied States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatry Research 2012, 21:169-184.
2. Druss B.G., Rosenheck R.A. Patterns of health care costs associated with depression and substance abuse in a national sample. Psychiatric Services 1999, 50(2):214-218.
3. Judd L., Paulus M., Wells K., Rapaport M. Socioeconomic burden of subsyndromal depressive symptoms and major depression in a sample of the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry 1996, 163:1411-1417.
4. Nutt D. Anxiety and depression:Individual entiteis or two sides of the same coin?. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 2004, 8:19-24.
5. APA Diagnostic Statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, [Text Revision]. 4th ed.
6. Moussavi S., Chatterji S., Verdes E., Tandon A., Patel V., Ustun B. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health; results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet 2007, 370:851-858.
7. Langa K.M., Valenstein M.A., Fendrick A.M., Kabeto M.U., Vijan S. Extent cost of informal caregiving for older Americans with symptoms of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2004, 161:857-863.
8. van Randenborgh A., Hüffmeier J., Victor D., Klocke K., Borlinghaus J., Pawelzik M. Contrasting chronic with episodic depression: an analysis of distorted socio-emotional information processing in chronic depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 2012, 141:177-184.
9. Ustun T.B., Ayuso-Mateos J.L., Chatterji S., Mathers C., Murray C.J.L. Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000. British Journal of Psychiatry 2004, 184:386-392.
10. WHO Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders. WHO International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation 2001, 78:413-426.
11. Murray C., Lopez A. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997, 349:1498-1504.
12. Mykletun A., Bjerkeset O., Øverland S., Prince M., Dewey M., Stewart R. Levels of anxiety and depression as predictors of mortality: the HUNT study. British Journal of Psychiatry 2009, 195:118-125.
13. Halbreich U. Major depression is not a diagnosis, it is a departure point to diferential diagnosis--clinical and hormonal considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006, 31:16-22.
14. Ghaemi S., Vohringer P. The heterogeneity of depression: an old debate renewed. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 2011, 124:497.
15. Luyten P., Blatt S., van Houdenhove B., Corveleyn J. Depression research and treatment: asre we skating to where the puck is going to be?. Clinical Psychology Review 2006, 26:985-999.
16. Parker G. Beyond major depression. Psychological Medicine 2005, 41:467-474.
17. Ostergaard S., Jensen S., Bech P. The heterogeneity of the depressive syndrome: when numbers get serious. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 2011, 124:495-496.
18. Mahli G., Hitching R., Coulston C., Boyce P., Porter R., Fritz K. Individualized management of unipolar depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 2013, 127(Suppl. 443):1-5.
19. Antonijevic I. Depressive disorders--is it time to endorse different pathophysiologies?. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006, 31:1-15.
20. Karasz A. The development of valid subtypes for depression in primary care settings. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 2008, 196:289-296.
21. Korszun A., Moskvina V., Brewster S., Craddock N., Ferrero F., Gill M., et al. Familiality of symptom dimensions in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004, 61:468-474.
22. Kendler K., Aggen S.H., Neale M. Evidence of multiple genetic factors underlying DSM-IV criteria for major depression. JAMA Psychiatry 2013, [Epub April 17, 2013].
23. Tabachnick B., Fidell L. Using multivariate statistics 2007, Pearson, NY. 5th ed.
24. Sharpley C., Bitsika V., Christie D. Do prostate cancer patients suffer more from depressed mood or anhedonia?. Psycho-Oncology 2012, [Epub 27 September 2012].
25. Sharpley C., Bitsika V., Christie D. Are somatic symptoms a legitimate part of the depression profile in prostate cancer patients?. Onkologie 2013, 36:110-114.
26. Sharpley C., Bitsika V., Christie D. The incidence and causes of different subtypes of depression in prostate cancer patients: implications for cancer care. European Journal of Cancer Care 2013, in press [Epub May 28, 2013].
27. Bitsika V., Sharpley C. Which stressors are associated with which forms of depression in a homogenous sample? An analysis of the effects of lifestyle changes and demands on five subtypes of depression. German Journal of Psychiatry 2012, 15:23-31.
28. Mirescu C., Gould E. Stress and adult neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2006, 16:233-238.
29. Edwards V., Holden G., Felitti V., Anda R. Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the adverse childhood experiences study. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 160:1453-1460.
30. Reading R. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Child: Care, Health and Development 2006, 32(2):253-256.
31. Shonkoff J., Boyce W., McEwen B. Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA 2009, 301(21):2252-2259.
32. Joels M., Baram T.Z. The neuro-symphony of stress. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2009, 10:459-466.
33. Lloyd A.J., Ferrier I.N., Barber R., Gholkar A., Young A.H., O'Brien J.T. Hippocampal volume change in depression: late- and early-onset illness compared. British Journal of Psychiatry 2004, 184:488-495.
34. Fuchs E., Flugge G., Czeh B. Remodeling of neuronal networks by stress. Frontiers of Bioscience 2006, 11:2746-2758.
35. Chaouloff F. Serotonin, stress and corticoids. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2000, 14:139-151.
36. Maes M., Meltzer H. The serotonin hypothesis of major depression. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress 1995, 933-944. Raven, New York. F.E. Bloom, D.J. Kupfer (Eds.).
37. Stockmeier C.A. Involvement of serotonin in depression: evidence from postmortem and imaging studies of serotonin receptors and the serotonin transporter. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2003, 37:357-373.
38. 11C]DASB PET study. Molecular Psychiatry 2008, 13:606-613.
39. Cools R., Robinson O., Sahakian B. Acute tryptophan depletion in healthy volunteers enhances punishment prediction but does not affect reward prediction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:2291-2299.
40. Evers E., Cools R., Clark L.A., van der Veen F., Jolles J., Sahakian B., et al. Serotonergic modulation of prefrontal cortex during negative feedback in probabilistic reversal learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:1138-1147.
41. Cools R., Calder A., Lawrence A., Clark L., Bullmore E., Robbins T. Individual differences in threat sensitivity predict serotonergic modulation of amygdala response to fearful faces. Psychopharmacology 2005, 180:670-679.
42. Bolling M., Kohlenberg R., Parker C. Behavior analysis and depression. Clinical behavior analysis 1999, 127-153. Context Press, Reno, NV. M.J. Dougher (Ed.).
43. Maletic V., Robinson M., Oakes T., Iyengar S., Ball S.G., Russell J. Neurobiology of depression: an integrated view of key findings. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2007, 61(12):2030-2040.
44. Drevets W. Functional neuroimaging studies of depression: the anatomy of melancholia. Annual Review of Medicine 1998, 49:341-361.
45. Sharpley C., Bitsika V. Joining the dots: neurobiological links in a functional analysis of depression. Behavioral and Brain Functions 2010, 6.
46. Hollon S., Thase M., Markowitz J. Treatment and prevention of depression. Psychological Science and the Public Interest 2002, 2:39-77.
47. Thase M.E., Denko T. Pharmacotherapy of mood disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2008, 4.
48. Fournier J.C., DeRubeis R.J., Hollon S.D., Dimidjian S., Amsterdam J.D., Shelton R.C., et al. Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 2010, 303(1):47-53.
49. Kirsch I., Scoboria A., Moore T. Antidepressants and placebos: secrets, revelations, and unanswered questions. Prevention and treatment 2002, 5(33):1-14.
50. Moncrieff J., Kirsch I. Efficacy of antidepressants in adults. British Medical Journal 2005, 331:155-157.
51. Moncrieff J., Wessely S., Hardy R. Active placebo versus antidepressants for depression. Cochrane Collaboration 2010, 2010(1):1-28. (review).
52. Castren E. Neuronal network plasticity and recovery from depression. JAMA Psychiatry 2013, [Epub July 10, 2013].
53. Ritchey M., Dolcos F., Eddington K.M., Strauman T.J., Cabeza R. Neural correlates of emotional processing in depression: changes with cognitive behavioral therapy and predictors of treatment response. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2011, 45(5):577-587.
54. Sharpley C. Neurobiological effects of psychotherapy for depression. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 2010, 47:603-615.
55. Hassler G., Drevets W., Manji H., Charney D. Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:1765-1781.
56. Willner P., Muscat R., Papp M. Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: a realistic animal model of depression. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1992, 16:525-534.
57. Willner P., Klimek V., Golembiowska K., Muscat R. Changes in mesolimbic dopamine may explain stress-induced anhedonia. Psychobiology 1991, 19:79-84.
58. Salamone J., Cousins M., Snyder B. Behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine: empirical and conceptual problems with the anhedonia hypothesis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1997, 21:341-359.
59. Berridge K. The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology 2007, 191:391-431.
60. Sherdell L., Waugh C., Gotlib I. Anticipatory pleasure predicts motivation for reward in major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2012, 121:51-60.
61. Waugh C., Gotlib I. Motivation for reward as a function of required effort: dissociating the "liking" from the "wanting" system in humans. Motivation and Emotion 2008, 32:323-330.
62. Davidson K., Burg M., Kronish I., Shimbo D., Dettenborn L., Mehran R., et al. Association of anhedonia with recurrent major adverse cardiac events and mortality one year after acute coronary syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry 2010, 67:480-488.
63. Pelle A., Pedersen S., Erdman R., Kazemier M., Spiering M., van Domburg R., et al. Anhedonia is associated with poor health status and more somatic and cognitive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease. Quality of Life Research 2010, 20:643-651.
64. Treadway M., Zald D. Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2011, 35:537-555.
65. Gotlib I., Kasch K., Traill S., Joorman J., Arnow B., Johnson S. Coherence and specificity of information-processing biases in depression and social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2004, 113:386-398.
66. Surguladze S., Young A., Senior C., Brebion G., Travis M., Phillips M. Recognition accuracy and response bias to happy and sad facial expressions in patienst with major depression. Neuropsychology 2004, 18:212-218.
67. Gotlib I., Krasnoperova E., Yue D., Joorman J. Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2004, 113:121-135.
68. Bersani F., Minichino A., Enticott P., Mazzarini L., Khan N., Antonacci G., et al. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for psychiatric disorders; a comprehensive review. European Psychiatry 2012, 28:30-39.
69. Casteneda A., Tuulio-Henriksson A., Marttunen M., Suvisaari J., Lonnqvist J. A review of the cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008, 106:1-27.
70. Hammar A., Ardal G. Cognitive functioning in major depression - a summary. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2009, 3:26.
71. Austin M., Mitchell P., Goodwin G. Cognitive deficits in depression: possible implications for functional neuropathology. British Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 178:200-206.
72. Matthews A., MacLeod C. Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2005, 1:167-195.
73. Ellis H., Ashbrook P. Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states upon memory. Affect, cognition, and social behavior 1988, 25-43. Higrefe, Gottingen. K. Fiedler, J. Forgas (Eds.).
74. Hertel P. Memory for emotional and nonemotional events in depression: a question of habit?. Memory and emotion 2004, 186-216. Oxford University Press, New York. P. Reisberg, P. Hertel (Eds.).
75. Chan C.-M., Tsoi M. The BDI and stimulus determinants of cognitive-related depression among Chinese college students. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1984, 8:501-507.
76. Beck A., Rush A., Shaw B., Emery G. Cognitive theory of depression 1979, Guilford, NY.
77. Landro N., Stiles T., Sletvold H. Neuropsychological function in nonpsychotic unipolar major depression. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology 2001, 14:140-233.
78. Murrough J., Iacoviello B., Neumeister A., Charney D., Iosifescu D. Cognitive dysfunction in depression: neurocircuitry and new therapeutic strategies. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 2011, 96:63-553.
79. Siegle G., Thompson W., Carter C., Steinhauer S., Thase M. Increased amygdala and decreased dorsolateral prefrontal BOLD responses in unipolar depression: related and independent features. Biological Psychiatry 2007, 61:198-209.
80. Radley J.J., Sisti H.M., Hao J., Rocher A.B., McCall T., Hof P.R., et al. Chronic behavioral stress induces apical dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2004, 125:1-6.
81. Liston C., Miller M.M., Goldwater D.S., Radley J.J., Rocher A.B., Hof P.R., et al. Stress-induced alterations in prefrontal cortical dendritic morphology predict selective impairments in perceptual attentional set-shifting. Journal of Neuroscience 2006, 26(30):7870-7874.
82. Arnsten A.F.T. Stress signalling pathways that impair profrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2009, 10:410-422.
83. Burt A.M. Textbook of neuroanatomy 1993, Saunders, Philadelphia.
84. Nolte J. The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy 2009, Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA.
85. Munetsuna E., Hattori M., Komatsu S., Sakimoto Y., Ishida A., Sakata S., et al. Social isolation stimulates hippocampal estradiol synthesis. Biochemical and Biological Research Communications 2009, 379:480-484.
86. Sapolsky R.M. Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000, 57(10):925-935.
87. Soetanto A., Wilson R.S., Talbot K., Un A., Schneider J.A., Sobiesk M., et al. Association of anxiety and depression with microtubule-associated protein 2- and synaptopodin-immunolabeled dendrite and spine densities in hippocampal CA3 of older humans. Archives of General Psychiatry 2010, 67(5):448-457.
88. LeDoux J.E. The amygdala. Current Biology 2007, 17(20):R74-R868.
89. MacLean P.D. The triune brain in evolution: role in paleocerebral functions 1990, Plenum Press, New York, USA.
90. Bear M., Connors B., Paradiso M. Neuroscience: exploring the brain 2007, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 3rd ed.
91. Aggleton J. The amygdala 1992, Wiley-Liss, NY.
92. Adolphs R., Tranel D., Damasio H., Damasio A.R. Fear and the human amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience 1995, 15:5879-5891.
93. Bonda E., Petrides M., Ostry D., Evans A. Specific involvement of human parietal systems and the amygdala in the perception of biological motion. Journal of Neuroscience 1996, 16:3727-3744.
94. Scott S.K., Young A.W., Calder A.J., Hellawell D.J., Aggleton J.P., Johnson M. Impaired auditory recognition of fear and anger following bilateral amygdala lesions. Nature 1997, 385:254-287.
95. Morris J.S., Ohman A., Dolan R.J. Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature 1998, 393:467-470.
96. Balleine B., Killcross A.S., Dickinson A. The effects of lesions of the basolateral amygdala on instrumental conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience 2003, 23:666-675.
97. Kennedy D., Glascher J., Tyszka J., Adolphs R. Personal space regulation by the human amygdala. Nature Neuroscience 2009, 12:1226-1227.
98. Roozendaal B., McEwan B.S., Chattarji S. Stress, memory and the amygdala. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2009, 10:423-433.
99. Vyas A., Mitra R., Shankaranarayana Rao B. Chronic stress induces contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in hippocampal and amygdaloid neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 2002, 22(15):6810-6818.
100. Fuchs E., Flugge G., Czeh B. Remodelling of neuronal networks by stress. Frontiers in Bioscience 2006, 11:2746-2758.
101. Vyas A., Bernal S., Chattarji S. Effects of chronic stress on dendritic arborization in the central and extended amygdala. Brain Research 2003, 965(1-2):290-294.
102. Vyas A., Jadhav S., Chattarji S. Prolonged behavioral stress enhances synaptic connectivity in the basolateral amygdala. Neuroscience 2006, 143(2):387-393.
103. Shekhar A., Truitt W., Rainnie D., Sajdyk T. Role of stress, corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and amygdala plasticity in chronic anxiety. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress 2005, 8(4):209-219.
104. Ferry B., Roozendaal B., McGaugh J. Basolateral amygdala noradrenergic influence on memory storage are mediated by and interaction between β and α1 adrenoceptors. Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 19:5119-5123.
105. Mitra R., Jadhav S., McEwen B.S., Vyas A., Chattarji S. Stress duration modulates the spatiotemporal patterns of spine formation in the basolateral amygdala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005, 102(26):9371-9376.
106. Drevets W., Videen T., Price J., Preskorn S., Carmichael S., Raichle M. A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression. Journal of Neuroscience 1992, 12:3628-3641.
107. Ho A., Gillin J., Buschbaum M., Wu J., Abel L., Bunney W.J. Brain glucose metabolism during non-rapid eye movement sleep in major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996, 53:645-652.
108. de Almeida J., Versace A., Mechelli A., Hassel S., Quevedo K., Kupfer D., et al. Abnormal amygdala-prefrontal effective connectivity to happy faces differentiates bipolar from major depression. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 66:451-459.
109. Debeic J., Le Doux J. Noradrenergic signaling in the amygdala contributes to the reconsideration of fear memory: treatment implications for PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006, 1071:521-524.
110. Yu S., Holsboer F., Almeida O.F.X. Neuronal actions of glucocoticoids: focus on depression. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2008, 108:300-309.
111. Mitra R., Ferguson D., Sapolsky R.M. SK2 potassium channel overexpression in basolateral amygdala reduces anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone secretion and dendritic arborization. Molecular Psychiatry 2009, 14:847-855.
112. Millan M., Agid Y., Brune M., Bullmore E., Carter C., Clayton N., et al. Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2012, 11:141-168.
113. Mayberg H., Brannan S., Tekell J., Silvab J., Mahurina R., McGinnisa S., et al. Dysfunction in neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders: regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine in major depression: serial changes and relationship to clinical response. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 48:830-843.
114. Kennedy S., Evans K., Kruger S., Mayberg H., Meyer J., McCann S., et al. Changes in regional brain glucose metabolism measured with positron emission tomography after paroxetine treatment of major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 158:899-905.
115. Drevets W., GBogers W., Raichle M. Functional anatomical correlates of antidepressant drug treatment assessed using PET measures of regional glucose metabolism. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002, 12:527-544.
116. Fu C., Williams S., Cleare A., Brammer M., Walsh N., Kim J., et al. Attenuation of the neural response to sad faces in major depression by antidepressant treatment: a prospective, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004, 61:877-889.
117. Fu C., Williams S., Cleare A., Scott J., Mitterschiffthaler M., Walsh N., et al. Neural responses to sad facial expressions in major depression following cognitive behavioral therapy. Biological Psychiatry 2008, 64:505-512.
118. Goldapple K., Segal Z., Garson C., Lau M., Bieling P., Kennedy S., et al. Modulation of cortical-limbic pathways in major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004, 61:34-41.
119. Kennedy S., Konarski J., Segal Z., Lau M., Bieling P., McIntyre R., et al. Differences in brain glucose metabolism between responses to CBT and venlafaxine in a 16-week randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 164:778-788.
120. Farb N., Anderson A., Mayberg H.S., Bean J., McKeon D., Segal Z. Minding one's emotions: mindfulness training alters the neural expression of sadness. Emotion 2010, 10:25-33.
121. Klasik A., Krysta K., Krystanek M. Impact of psychotherapy and antideperssive treatment on cognitive functions in patients treated for depression. Psychiatria Danubina 2012, 24:130-134.
122. Wells T., Beevers C. Biased attention and dysphoria: manipulating selective attention reduces subsequent depressive symptoms. Cognition and Emotion 2010, 24:719-728.
123. Riemann B., Kuckertz J., Rozeman M., Weersing V., Amir N. Augmentation of youth cognitive behavioral and pharmacological interventions with attention modification: a preliminary investigation. Depression and Anxiety 2013, [Epub May 15, 2013].
124. Browning M., Holmes E., Harmer C. The modifciation of attentional bias to emotional information: a review of the techniques, mechanisms, and relevance to emotional disorders. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 2010, 10:8-20.
125. Siegle G.J., Ghinassi F., Thase M.E. Neurobehavioral therapies in the 21st century: summary of an emerging field and an extended example of cognitive control training for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2007, 31:235-262.
126. Weiskopf N., Scharnowski F., Veit R., Goebel R., Birbaumer N., Mathiak K. Self-regulation of local brain activity using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Journal of Physiology 2004, 98:357-373.
127. Yoo S.-S., Lee J.-H., O'Leary H., Panych L.P., Jolesz F.A. Neurofeedback fMRI-mediated learning and consolidation of regional brain activation during motor imagery. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 2008, 18(1):69-78.
128. Johnston S.J., Boehm S.G., Healy D., Goebel R., Linden D.E.J. Neurofeedback: a promising tool for the self-regulation of emotion networks. NeuroImage 2010, 49:1066-1072.
129. Hammond D. Neurofeedback treatment of depression and anxiety. Journal of Adult Development 2005, 12:131-137.
130. Hammond D. What is neurofeedback: an update. Journal of Neurotherapy 2011, 15:305-336.
131. Wu T., Sommer M., Tergau F., Paulus W. Lasting influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on intracortical excitability in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 2000, 287:904-909.
132. Chen R., Classen J., Gerloff C., Celnik P., Wassermann E., Hallett M., et al. Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1997, 48:1398-1403.
133. George M.S., Nahas Z., Molloy M., Speer A.M., Oliver N.C., Li X.-B., et al. A controlled trial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treating depression. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 48:962-970.
134. Stern W.M., Tormos J.M., Press D.Z., Pearlman C., Pascual-Leone A. Antidepressant effects of high and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2007, 19:179-186.
135. Lozano A.M., Mayberg H.S., Giacobbe P., Hamani C., Craddock C., Kennedy S.H. Subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Biological Psychiatry 2008, 64:461-467.
136. Friedman A., Frankel M., Flaumenhaft Y., Merenlender A., Pinhasov A., Feder Y., et al. Programmed acute electrical stimulation of ventral tegmental area alleviates depressive-like behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34:1057-1066.
137. Czeh B., Welt T., Fischer A.K., Erhardt A., Schmitt W., Muller M.B., et al. Chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: effects of stress hormone levels and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Biological Psychiatry 2002, 52:1057-1065.
138. Simon G., VonKorff M., Piccinelli M., Fullerton C., Ormel J. An international study of the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. New England Journal of Medicine 1999, 341:1329-1335.
139. Silverstein B. Gender differences in the prevalence of somatic versus pure depression: a replication. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 159:1051-1052.
140. Silverstein B. Gender differences in the prevalance of clinical depression: the role played by depression associated with somatic sympoms. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999, 156:480-482.
141. Hart B.L. Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1988, 12(2):123-137.
142. Taylor D., Lichstein K., Dureence H., Reidel B., Bush A. Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep 2005, 28:1457-1464.
143. Teychenne M., Ball K., Salmon J. Sedentary behavior and depression among adults: a review. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2010, 17:246-254.
144. Lopresti A., Hood S., Drummond P. A review of lifetsyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with depression: diet, sleep and exercise. Journal of Affective Disorders 2013, 148:12-27.
145. Beezhold B., Johnston C. Restriction of meat, fish and poultry in omnivores improves mood: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal 2012, 11:9.
146. Manber R., Edinger J., Gress J., San Pedro-Salcedo M., Kuo T., Kalista T. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia enhances depression outcome in patients with comorbid major depression and insomnia. Sleep 2008, 31:489-495.
147. Carek P., Laibstain S., Carek S. Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 2011, 41:15-28.
148. Conn V. Depressive symptom outcomes of physical activity interventions: meta-analysis findings. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2010, 39:128-138.
149. NIMH The National Institute of Mental Health strategic plan 2008, National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, DC, Available from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/strategic-planning-reports/index.shtml#strategy-objectives [updated August; cited 01.06.13].
150. Insel T. Transforming diagnosis 2013, National Institute of Mental Health, USA, Available from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml [cited 27.05.13; post].
151. Sutin A., Terracciano A., Milaneschi Y., An Y., Ferrucci L., Zonderman A. The trajectory of depressive symptoms across the adult life span. JAMA Psychiatry 2013, [Epub June 12, 2013].
152. Lamers F., Vogelzangs N., Merikangas K., de Jonge P., Beekman A., Penninx B. Evidence for a differential role of HPA-axis function, inflammation and metabolic syndrome in melancholic versus atypical depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2013, 18:692-699.
153. Rogers J., Raveendran M., Fawcett G., Fox A., Shelton S., Oler J., et al. CRHR1 genotypes, neural circuits and the daithesis ofr anxiety and depression. Molecular Psychiatry 2013, 18:700-707.