Evolution of myelinated nervous systems

Evolution of Nervous Systems

Volumn 2, Issue , 2007, Pages 469-484

  Roots, B I ^a   Gould, R M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Annelids; Earthworm; Myelin basic protein; Myelin protein zero; Myelin associated glycoprotein; Nodes of Ranvier; Oligodendrocytes; Proteolipid protein; Schwann cells; Sodium channels

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882913175     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-12-370878-8/00187-7     Document Type: Chapter

References (218)

1. Albers R.W. Biochemistry of cell membranes. Basic Neurochemistry 1981, 49-61. Little, Brown. G.J. Siegel, R.W. Albers, B.W. Agranoff, R. Katzman (Eds.).
2. Amici S.A., Dunn W.A., Murphy A.J., et al. Peripheral myelin protein 22 is in complex with alpha6beta4 integrin, and its absence alters the Schwann cell basal lamina. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:1179-1189.
3. Aparicio S., Chapman J., Stupka E., et al. Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes. Science 2002, 297:1301-1310.
4. Ballestero R.P., Wilmot G.R., Leski M.L., Uhler M.D., Agranoff B.W. Isolation of cDNA clones encoding RICH: A protein induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration with homology to mammalian 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92:8621-8625.
5. Ballestero R.P., Wilmot G.R., Agranoff B.W., Uhler M.D. gRICH68 and gRICH70 are 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:11479-11486.
6. Ballestero R.P., Dybowski J.A., Levy G., Agranoff B.W., Uhler M.D. Cloning and characterization of zRICH, a 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase induced during zebrafish optic nerve regeneration. J. Neurochem. 1999, 72:1362-1371.
7. Banerjee S., Pillai A.M., Paik R., Li J., Bhat M.A. Axonal ensheathment and septate junction formation in the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:3319-3329.
8. Barbarese E., Carson J.H., Braun P.E. Accumulation of the four myelin basic proteins in mouse brain during development. J. Neurochem. 1978, 31:779-782.
9. Bertolini B. Ultrastructure of the spinal cord of the lamprey. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1964, 11:1-24.
10. Bhat M.A. Molecular organization of axo-glial junctions. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2003, 13:552-559.
11. Bittner G.D. Long-term survival of anucleate axons and its implications for nerve regeneration. Trends Neurosci. 1991, 14:188-193.
12. Black J.A., Friedman B., Waxman S.G., Elmer L.W., Angelides K.J. Immuno-localization of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and perinodal astrocytes in rat optic nerve. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1989, 238:39-51.
13. Blaurock A.E. X-ray and neutron diffraction by membranes: How great is the potential for defining the molecular interactions?. Progress in Protein-Lipid Interactions 1986, vol. 2:1-43. Elsevier Press. A. Watts, J.J.H.H.M. DePont (Eds.).
14. Boggs J.M., Wang H.M. Effect of liposomes containing cerebroside and cerebroside sulfate on cytoskeleton of cultured oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 2001, 66:242-253.
15. Bosio A., Binczek E., Haupt W.F., Stoffel W. Composition and biophysical properties of myelin lipid define the neurological defects in galactocerebroside- and sulfatide-deficient mice. J. Neurochem. 1998, 70:308-315.
16. Braun P.E. Molecular organization of myelin. Myelin 1984, 97-113. Plenum Press. P. Morell (Ed.).
17. Braun P.E., Gravel M., Lee J. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase: Structure, biology, and function. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, 499-522. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
18. Brosamle C., Halpern M.E. Characterization of myelination in the developing zebrafish. Glia 2002, 39:47-57.
19. Brown E.R., Abbott N.J. Ultrastructure and permeability of the Schwann cell layer surrounding the giant axon of the squid. J. Neurocytol. 1993, 22:283-298.
20. Brown A., Lasek R.J. The cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon. Squid as Experimental Animals 1990, 235-302. Plenum Press. D.L. Gilbert, W.J. Adelman, J.M. Arnold (Eds.).
21. Bullock T.H. Comparative neuroethology of startle, rapid escape and giant-fiber mediated responses. Neural Mechanisms of Startle Behavior 1984, 1-13. Plenum Press. R.C. Eaton (Ed.).
22. Bullock T.H. The natural history of neuroglia: An agenda for comparative studies. Neuron Glia Biol. 2004, 1:97-100.
23. Bullock T.H., Moore J.K., Fields R.D. Evolution of myelin sheaths: Both lamprey and hagfish lack myelin. Neurosci. Lett. 1984, 48:145-148.
24. Bürgisser P., Matthieu J.-M., Jeserich G., Waehneldt T.V. Myelin lipids: A phylogenetic study. Neurochem. Res. 1986, 11:1261-1272.
25. Butt A.M., Duncan A., Hornby M.F., et al. Cells expressing the NG2 antigen contact nodes of Ranvier in adult CNS white matter. Glia 1999, 26:84-91.
26. Cadelli D.S., Schwab M.E. Myelin-associated inhibitors of neurite outgrowth and their role in CNS regeneration. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1991, 633:234-240.
27. Cameron-Curry P., Le Douarin N.M. Oligodendrocyte precursors originate from both the dorsal and the ventral parts of the spinal cord. Neuron 1995, 15:1299-1310.
28. Campagnoni A.T. Molecular biology of myelin proteins from the central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 1988, 51:1-14.
29. Campagnoni A.T., Campagnoni C.W. Myelin basic protein gene. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, vol. 1:387-400. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
30. Cardone B., Roots B.I. Characterization of the myelin-like membranes in earthworm CNS using immunolabelling techniques. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 1990, 16:666.
31. Cardone B., Roots B.I. Comparative strudies of myelin-like membranes in annelids and arthropods. Trans. Am. Soc. Neurochem. 1991, 22:148.
32. Cardone B., Roots B.I. Monoclonal antibodies to proteins of the myelin-like sheath of earthworm giant axons show cross-reactivity to crayfish CNS glia: An immunogold electronmicroscopy study. Neurochem. Res. 1996, 21:505-510.
33. Chen M.S., Huber A.B., Van der Haar M.E., et al. Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for monoclonal antibody IN-1. Nature 2000, 403:434-439.
34. Coggeshall R.E. A fine structural analysis of the ventral nerve cord and associated sheath of Lumbricus terrestrisL. J. Comp. Neurol. 1965, 125:393-437.
35. Dawson M.R.L., Levine J.M., Reynolds R. NG2-expressing cells in the central nervous system: Are they oligodendroglial progenitors?. J. Neurosci. Res. 2000, 61:471-479.
36. Dehal P., Satou Y., Campbell R.K., et al. The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: Insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. Science 2002, 298:2157-2167.
37. Diekmann H., Klinger M., Oertle T., et al. Analysis of the reticulon gene family demonstrates the absence of the neurite growth inhibitor Nogo-A in fish. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22:1635-1648.
38. Domeniconi M., Filbin M.T. Overcoming inhibitors in myelin to promote axonal regeneration. J. Neurol. Sci. 2005, 233:43-47.
39. Drewes C.P., Brinkhurst R.O. Glial nerve fibres and rapid escape reflexes in newly hatched aquatic oligochaetes, Lumjbriculus variegatus (family Lumbriculidae). Invert. Reprod. Devel. 1990, 17:91-95.
40. Edenfeld G., Stork T., Klambt C. Neuron-glia interaction in the insect nervous system. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005, 15:34-39.
41. 0: New knowledge and new roles. Neurochem. Res. 2002, 27:1331-1340.
42. Everly J.L., Brady R.O., Quarles R.H. Evidence that the major protein in rat sciatic nerve myelin is a glycoprotein. J. Neurochem. 1973, 21:329-334.
43. Ferretti P., Zhang F., O'Neill P. Changes in spinal cord regenerative ability through phylogenesis and development: Lessons to be learnt. Dev. Dyn. 2003, 226:245-256.
44. ffrench-Constant C., Miller R.H., Kruse J., Schachner M., Raff M.C. Molecular specialization of astrocyte processes at nodes of Ranvier in rat optic nerve. J. Cell Biol. 1986, 102:844-852.
45. Filbin M.T. Myelin-associated glycoprotein: A role in myelination and in the inhibition of axonal regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1995, 5:588-595.
46. Filippi A., Tiso N., Deflorian G., Zecchin E., Bortolussi M., Argenton F. The basic helix-loop-helix olig3 establishes the neural plate boundary of the trunk and is necessary for development of the dorsal spinal cord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:4377-4382.
47. Fournier A.E., GrandPré T., Strittmatter S.M. Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration. Nature 2001, 409:341-346.
48. Franz T., Waehneldt T.V., Neuhoff V., Wachtler K. Central nervous system myelin proteins and glycoproteins in vertebrates: A phylogenetic study. Brain Res. 1981, 226:245-258.
49. Gainer H., Tasaki I., Lasek R.J. Evidence for the glia-neuron protein transfer hypothesis from intracellular perfusion studies of squid giant axons. J. Cell Biol. 1977, 74:524-530.
50. Ganser A.L., Kirschner D.A. Myelin structure in the absence of basic protein in the shiverer mouse. Neurological Mutations Affecting Myelination 1980, 171-176. North Holland Biomedical Press. N. Baumann (Ed.).
51. Gaze R.M. The Formation of Nerve Connections 1970, Academic Press.
52. Geren B.B. The formation from the Schwann cell surface of myelin in the peripheral nerves of chick embryos. Exp. Cell Res. 1954, 7:558-562.
53. Gilchrist M.J., Zorn A.M., Voigt J., Smith J.C., Papalopulu N., Amaya E. Defining a large set of full-length clones from a Xenopus tropicalis EST project. Dev. Biol. 2004, 271:498-516.
54. Gould R.M., Fannon A.M., Moorman S.J. Neural cells from dogfish embryos express the same subtype-specific antigens as mammalian neural cells in vivo and in vitro. Glia 1995, 15:401-418.
55. Gould R.M., Freund C.M., Palmer F., Feinstein D.L. Messenger RNAs located at sites of myelin assembly. J. Neurochem. 2000, 75:1834-1844.
56. Gould R.M., Morrison H.G., Gilland E., Campbell R.K. Myelin tetraspan family proteins but no non-tetraspan family proteins are present in the ascidian (Ciona intestinalis) genome. Biol. Bull. 2005, 209:49-66.
57. Govind C.K., Pearce J. Remodeling of nerves during claw reversal in adult snapping shrimps. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 268:121-130.
58. Gow A. Redefining the lipophilin family of proteolipid proteins. J. Neurosci. Res. 1997, 50:659-664.
59. GrandPré T., Nakamura F., Vartanian T., Strittmatter S.M. Identification of the nogo inhibitor of axon regeneration as a reticulon protein. Nature 2000, 403:439-444.
60. Greenfield S., Brostoff S., Eylar E.H., Morell P. Protein composition of myelin of the peripheral nervous system. J. Neurochem. 1973, 20:1207-1221.
61. Günther J. A new typoe of 'node' in the myelin sheath of an invertebrate nerve fibre. Experientia 1973, 29:1263-1265.
62. Günther J. Impulse conduction in the myelinated giant fibers of the earthworm. Structure and function of the dorsal nodes in the median giant fiber. J. Comp. Neurol. 1976, 168:505-531.
63. Hama K. Some observations on the fine-structure of the giant nerve fibers of the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1959, 6:61-66.
64. Hama K. The fine structure of the Schwann cell sheath of the nerve fiber in the shrimp (Penaeus japonicus). J. Cell Biol. 1966, 31:624-632.
65. Hammer J.A., O'Shannessy D.J., De Leon M., et al. Immunoreactivity of PMP-22, P0, and other 19 to 28 kDa glycoproteins in peripheral nerve myelin of mammals and fish with HNK1 and related antibodies. J. Neurosci. Res. 1993, 35:546-558.
66. Harauz G., Ishiyama N., Hill C.M., Bates I.R., Libich D.S., Fares C. Myelin basic protein-diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis. Micron 2004, 35:503-542.
67. Hays G.C., Warner A.J., Tranter P. Why do the two most abundant copepods in the North Atlantic differ so markedly in their diel migration behavior?. J. Sea Res. 1997, 38:85-92.
68. Hayward T.L., McGowan J.A. Pattern and structure in an oceanic zooplankton community. Am. Zool. 1979, 19:1045-1055.
69. Heuser J.E., Doggenweiler C.F. The fine structural organization of nerve fibers, sheaths, and glial cells in the prawn, Palaeomonetes vulgaris. J. Cell Biol. 1966, 30:381-403.
70. Hildebrand C., Mohseni S. The structure of myelinated axons in the CNS. Multiple Slerosis as a Neuronal Disease 2005, 1-28. Elsevier Academic Press. S.G. Waxman (Ed.).
71. Hirsch N., Zimmermann L.B., Grainger R.M. Xenopus, the next generation: X. tropicalis genetics and genomics. Dev. Dyn. 2002, 225:422-433.
72. Holmes W. The giant myelinated nerve fibres of the prawn. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) 1942, 231:293-311.
73. Holmes W., Pumphrey R.J., Young J.Z. The structure and conduction velocity of the medullated nerve fibers of the prawn. J. Exp. Biol. 1941, 18:50-54.
74. Hoy R.R., Bittner G.D., Kennedy D. Regeneration in crustacean motoneurons: Evidence for axonal fusion. Science 1967, 156:251-252.
75. Hsu K., Terakawa S. Fenestration in the myelin sheath of nerve fibers of the shrimp: A novel node of excitation for saltatory conduction. J. Neurobiol. 1996, 30:397-409.
76. Hudson L.D. Proteolipid protein gene. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, vol. 1:401-420. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
77. Jaillon O., Aury J.M., Brunet F., et al. Genome duplication in the teleost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals the early vertebrate proto-karyotype. Nature 2004, 431:946-957.
78. Jeserich G., Rauen T. Cell cultures enriched in oligodendrocytes from the central nervous system of trout in terms of phenotypic expression exhibit parallels with cultured rat Schwann cells. Glia 1990, 3:65-74.
79. Jeserich G., Stratmann A. In vitro differentiation of trout oligodendrocytes: Evidence for an A2B5-positive origin. Dev. Brain Res. 1992, 67:27-35.
80. Jeserich G., Waehneldt-Kreysing T.V.B. An evolutionary approach to myelin proteins and myelin-forming cells in the vertebrate brain. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1992, 20:617-621.
81. Jeserich G., Rauen T., Stratmann A. Myelin and myelin-forming cells in the brain of fish - a cell culture approach. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Myelination 1990, 343-359. Springer-Verlag. G. Jeserich, H.H. Althaus (Eds.).
82. Jessen K.R., Mirsky R. Schwann cell development. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, 329-370. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
83. Jessen K.R., Mirsky R. The origin and development of glial cells in peripheral nerves. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2005, 6:671-682.
84. Kagawa T., Wada T., Ikenaka K. Regulation of oligodendrocyte development. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2001, 52:740-745.
85. Karthigasan J., Garvey J.S., Ramamurthy G.V., Kirschner D.A. Immunolocalization of 17 and 21.5 kDa MBP isoforms in compact myelin and radial component. J. Neurocytol. 1996, 25:1-7.
86. Kasama-Yoshida H., Tohyama Y., Kurihara T., Sakuma M., Kojima H., Tamai Y. A comparative study of 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'- phosphodiesterase in vertebrates: cDNA cloning and amino acid sequences for chicken and bullfrog enzymes. J. Neurochem. 1997, 69:1335-1342.
87. Key B., Devine C.A. Zebrafish as an experimental model: Strategies for developmental and molecular neurobiology studies. Methods Cell Sci. 2003, 25:1-6.
88. Kirschner D.A., Blaurock A.E. Organization, phylogenetic variation, and dynamic transitions of myelin. Myelin: Biology and Chemistry 1992, 3-78. CRC Press. R.E. Martenson (Ed.).
89. Kirschner D.A., Ganser A.L., Caspar D.L.D. Diffraction studies of molecular organization and membrane interactions in myelin. Myelin 1984, 51-95. Plenum Press. P. Morell (Ed.).
90. Kirschner D.A., Inouye H., Ganser A.L., Mann V. Myelin membrane structure and composition correlated: A phylogenetic study. J. Neurochem. 1989, 53:1599-1609.
91. Kirschner D.A., Inouye H., Saavedra R.A. Membrane adhesion in peripheral myelin: Good and bad wraps with protein PO. Structure 1996, 4:1239-1244.
92. 0 gene. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, 523-545. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
93. Kitagawa K., Sinoway M.P., Yang C., Gould R.M., Colman D.R. A proteolipid protein gene family: Expression in sharks and rays and possible evolution from an ancestral gene encoding a pore-forming polypeptide. Neuron 1993, 11:433-448.
94. Komai Y., Matsukawa S., Aamar S., Satake M. Lipid composition of nervous-tissue of invertebrates Aplysia kurodai (gastropod) and Cambarus clarki (arthropod). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1973, 316:271-281.
95. Kosaras B., Kirschner D.A. Fine-structure and supramolecular organization of the radial component of CNS myelin. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1990, 605:430-434.
96. Kretzschmar D., Pflugfelder G.O. Glia in development, function and neurodegeneration of the adult insect brain. Brain Res. Bull. 2002, 57:121-131.
97. Kurihara T., Tsukada Y. The regional and subcellular distribution of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase in the central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 1967, 14:1167-1174.
98. Kusano K. Electrical activity and structural correlates of giant nerve fibers in Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus). J. Cell Physiol. 1966, 68:361-383.
99. Kusano K., LaVail M.M. Impulse conduction in the shrimp medullated giant fiber with special reference to the structure of functionally excitable areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 1971, 142:481-494.
100. Kwiecien J.M., O'Connor L.T., Goetz B.D., Delaney K.H., Fletch A.L., Duncan I.D. Morphological and morphometric studies of the dysmyelinating mutant, the Long Evans shaker rat. J. Neurocytol. 1998, 27:581-591.
101. Lappe-Siefke C., Goebbels S., Gravel M., et al. Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination. Nat. Genet. 2003, 33:366-374.
102. Lasek R.J., Gainer H., Barker J.L. Cell-to-cell transfer of glial proteins to the squid giant axon. J. Cell Biol. 1977, 74:501-523.
103. Lazzarini R.A., Griffin J.W., Lassmann H., Nave K.-A., Miller R.H., Trapp B.D. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, Elsevier Academic Press.
104. Le B.B., Chatzopoulou E., Heydon K., et al. Oligodendrocyte development in the embryonic brain: The contribution of the plp lineage. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2005, 49:209-220.
105. Lehmann F., Gathje H., Kelm S., Dietz F. Evolution of sialic acid-binding proteins: Molecular cloning and expression of fish siglec-4. Glycobiology 2004, 14:959-968.
106. Lenz P.H., Hartline D.K., Davis A.D. The need for speed. I: Fast reactions and myelinated axons in copepods. J. Comp. Physiol. (A) 2000, 186:337-345.
107. Lobsiger C.S., Taylor V., Suter U. The early life of a Schwann cell. Biol. Chem. 2002, 383:245-253.
108. Lyons D.A., Pogoda H.M., Voas M.G., et al. erbb3 and erbb2 are essential for Schwann cell migration and myelination in zebrafish. Curr. Biol. 2005, 15:513-524.
109. Maisey J.G. Heads and tails: A chordate phylogeny. Cladistics 1986, 2:201-256.
110. Martenson R.E. Myelin basic protein isoforms: structural and evolutionary implications of alternative splicing. Myelin: Biology and Chemistry 1992, 387-411. CRC Press. R.E. Martenson (Ed.).
111. Martenson R.E., Uyemura K. Myelin P2, a neuritogenic member of the family of cytoplasmic lipid-binding proteins. Myelin: Biology and Chemistry 1992, 509-528. CRC Press. R.E. Martenson (Ed.).
112. Martin S., Levine A.K., Chen Z.J., Ughrin Y., Levine J.M. Deposition of the NG2 proteoglycan at nodes of Ranvier in the peripheral nervous system. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:8119-8128.
113. Matthieu J.-M., Waehneldt T.V., Eschmann N. Myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein are present in central and peripheral nerve myelin throughout phylogeny. Neurochem. Int. 1986, 8:521-526.
114. Maturana H.R. The fine anatomy of the optic nerve of anurans - an electron microscope study. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1960, 7:107-119.
115. McAlear J.H., Milburn N.S., Chapman G.B. The fine structure of Schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures in the central nervous system of the crab, Cancer irroratus. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1958, 2:171-176.
116. Mehl E., Halaris A. Stoichiometric relation of protein components in cerebral myelin from different species. J. Neurochem. 1970, 17:659-668.
117. Meinertzhagen I.A., Lemaire P., Okamura Y. The neurobiology of the Ascidian tadpole larva: Recent developments in an ancient chordate. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 27:453-485.
118. Merrick S.E., Pleasure S.J., Lurie D.I., Pijak D.S., Selzer M.E., Lee V.M.Y. Glial cells of the lamprey nervous system contain keratin-like proteins. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 355:199-210.
119. Michailov G.V., Sereda M.W., Brinkmann B.G., et al. Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness. Science 2004, 304:700-703.
120. Miller R., Reynolds R. Oligodendroglial lineage. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, vol. 1:289-310. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
121. Moll W., Lanwert C., Jeserich G. Molecular cloning, tissue expression, and partial characterization of the major fish CNS myelin protein 36K. Glia 2003, 44:57-66.
122. Morell P., Quarles R.H. Myelin formation, structure and biochemistry. Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects 1999, 69-93. Lippincott-Raven. G.J. Siegel, B.W. Agranoff, R.W. Albers, S.K. Fisher, M.D. Uhler (Eds.).
123. Moscarello M.A. Myelin basic protein, the 'executive' molecule of the myelin membrane. Cell Biology and Pathology of Myelin 1997, 13-25. Plenum. B.H.J. Juurlink, R.M. Devon, J.R. Doucette, A.J. Nazarali, D.J. Schreyer, V.M.K. Verge (Eds.).
124. Mulley J., Holland P. Comparative genomics: Small genome, big insights. Nature 2004, 431:916-917.
125. Nadon N.L., Crotzer D.R., Stewart J.R. Embryonic development of central nervous system myelination in a reptilian species, Eumeces fasciatus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 362:433-440.
126. Nave K.A., Schwab M.H. Glial cells under remote control. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:1420-1422.
127. Nguyen T.D., Jeserich G. Molecular structure and expression of shaker type potassium channels in glial cells of trout CNS. J. Neurosci. Res. 1998, 51:284-292.
128. Nicol J.A.C. The giant axons of annelids. Q. Rev. Biol. 1958, 23:291-323.
129. Noble M., Proschel C., Mayer-Proschel M. Getting a GR(i)P on oligodendrocyte development. Dev. Biol. 2004, 265:33-52.
130. Okamura N., Stoskopf M., Yamaguchi H., Kishimoto Y. Lipid composition of the nervous system of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). J. Neurochem. 1986, 45:1875-1879.
131. Okamura N., Tamaguchi H., Stoskopf M., Kishimoto Y., Saida T. Isolation and characterization of multilayered sheath membrane rich glucocerebroside from shrimp ventral nerve. J. Neurochem. 1986, 47:1111-1116.
132. Oland L.A., Tolbert L.P. Key interactions between neurons and glial cells during neural development in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2003, 48:89-110.
133. Ono K., Bansal R., Payne J., Rutishauser U., Miller R.H. Early development and dispersal of oligodendrocyte precursors in the embryonic chick spinal cord. Development 1995, 121:1743-1754.
134. Pan Z., Kao T., Horvath Z., et al. A common ankyrin-G-based mechanism retains KCNQ and NaV channels at electrically active domains of the axon. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:2599-2613.
135. Park H.C., Mehta A., Richardson J.S., Appel B. olig2 is required for zebrafish primary motor neuron and oligodendrocyte development. Dev. Biol. 2002, 248:356-368.
136. Park H.C., Boyce J., Shin J., Appel B. Oligodendrocyte specification in zebrafish requires notch-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor function. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:6836-6844.
137. Parks T.S. Phylogeny of calanoid copepods. Syllogeus 1986, 58:191-196.
138. Pedraza L., Fidler L., Staugaitis S.M., Colman D.R. The active transport of myelin basic protein into the nucleus suggests a regulatory role in myelination. Neuron 1997, 18:579-589.
139. Pereyra P.M., Roots B.I. Isolation and initial characterization of myelin-like membrane fractions from the nerve cord of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L). Neurochem. Res. 1988, 13:893-901.
140. Peters A. A radial component of central myelin sheaths. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1961, 11:733-735.
141. Peters A., Palay S.L., Webster H.D. The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: Neurons and their Supporting Cells 1991, Oxford University Press.
142. Poliak S., Peles E. The local differentiation of myelinated axons at nodes of Ranvier. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:968-980.
143. Popko B. Myelin galactolipids: Mediators of axon-glial interactions?. Glia 2000, 29:149-153.
144. Pringle N.P., Guthrie S., Lumsden A., Richardson W.D. Dorsal spinal cord neuroepithelium generates astrocytes but not oligodendrocytes. Neuron 1998, 20:883-893.
145. Prinjha R., Moore S.E., Vinson M., et al. Inhibitor of neurite outgrowth in humans. Nature 2000, 403:383-384.
146. Privat A., Jacque C., Bourre J.M., Dupouey P., Baumann N. Absence of the major dense line in myelin of the mutant mouse shiverer. Neurosci. Lett. 1979, 12:107-112.
147. Qi Y.C., Stapp D., Qiu M.S. Origin and molecular specification of oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon. Trends Neurosci. 2002, 25:223-225.
148. Quarles R.H. Myelin sheaths: Glycoproteins involved in their formation, maintenance and degeneration. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2002, 59:1851-1871.
149. Quarles R.H., Macklin W.B., Morell P. Myelin formation, structure and biochemistry. Basic Neurochemistry 2005, 51-71. Elsevier Academic Press. G.J. Siegel, R.W. Albers, S.T. Brady, D.L. Price (Eds.).
150. Raisman G. Myelin inhibitors: Does NO mean GO?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:157-161.
151. Retzius G. Zur Kenntniss des Nervensystem der Crustaceen. Biol. Unter (N. S.) 1890, 1:1-50.
152. Richardson W.D., Smith H.K., Sun T., Pringle N.P., Hall A., Woodruff R. Oligodendrocyte lineage and the motor neuron connection. Glia 2000, 29:136-142.
153. Richardson W.D., Kessaris N., Pringle N. Oligodendrocyte wars. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7:11-18.
154. Robertson J.D. The ultrastructure of adult vertebrate peripheral myelinated nerve in relation to myelinogenesis. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 1955, 1:271.
155. Roots B.I. Evolutionary aspects of the structure and function of the nodes of Ranvier. The Node of Ranvier 1984, 1-29. Academic Press. J.C. Zagoren, S. Fedoroff (Eds.).
156. Roots B.I. The evolution of myelin. Advances in Neural Science 1993, vol. 1:187-213. JAI Press. S. Malhotra (Ed.).
157. Roots B.I. Locating lipids in the CNS: An historical perspective. Neurochem. Res. 1995, 20:1261-1268.
158. Roots B.I. The evolution of myelinating cells. Neuron-Glia Interrelationships During Phylogeny. I: Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Glial Cells 1995, 223-248. Humana Press. A. Vernadakis, B.I. Roots (Eds.).
159. Roots B.I., Lane N.J. Myelinating glia of earthworm giant axons: Thermally-induced intramembranous changes. Tissue Cell 1983, 15:695-709.
160. Rossant J., Hopkins N. Of fin and fur: Mutational analysis of vertebrate embryonic development. Genes Dev. 1992, 6:1-13.
161. Rowitch D.H. Glial specification in the vertebrate neural tube. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:409-419.
162. Saavedra R.A., Fors L., Aebersold R.H., et al. The myelin proteins of the shark brain are similar to the myelin proteins of the mammalian peripheral nervous system. J. Mol. Evol. 1989, 29:149-156.
163. Salzer J.L. Polarized domains of myelinated axons. Neuron 2003, 40:297-318.
164. Sandvig A., Berry M., Barrett L.B., Butt A., Logan A. Myelin-, reactive glia-, and scar-derived CNS axon growth inhibitors: Expression, receptor signaling, and correlation with axon regeneration. Glia 2004, 46:225-251.
165. Sattelle D., Buckingham S. Invertebrate studies and their ongoing contributions to neuroscience. Invert. Neurosci. 2006, 6:1-3.
166. Schnapp B., Mugnaini E. Freeze-fracture properties of central myelin in the bullfrog. Neurosci. 1976, 1:459-467.
167. Schwab M.E. Nogo and axon regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2004, 14:1-7.
168. Schwab M.E., Schnell L. Region-specific appearance of myelin constituents in the developing rat spinal cord. J. Neurocytol. 1989, 18:161-169.
169. Schweigreiter R., Roots B.I., Bandtlow C.E., Gould R.M. Understanding myelination through studying its evolution. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 2006, 73:219-273.
170. Schweitzer J., Becker T., Schachner M., Nave K.A., Werner H. Evolution of myelin proteolipid proteins: Gene duplication in teleosts and expression pattern divergence. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2006, 31:161-177.
171. 0, the major structural protein of peripheral nerve myelin. Neuron 1996, 17:435-449.
172. Sheller R.A., Tytell M., Smyers M., Bittner G.D. Glia-to-axon communication: Enrichment of glial proteins transferred to the squid giant axon. J. Neurosci. Res. 1995, 41:324-334.
173. Sherman D.L., Brophy P.J. Mechanisms of axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2005, 6:683-690.
174. Shima A., Mitani H. Medaka as a research organism: Past, present and future. Mech. Dev. 2004, 121:599-604.
175. Shin J., Park H.-C., Topczewska J.M., Mawdsley D.J., Appel B. Neural cell fate analysis in zebrafish using olig2 BAC transgenics. Methods Cell Sci. 2003, 25:7-14.
176. Sinoway M.P., Kitagawa K., Fidler L., Gould R.M., Colman D.R. Tissue lipoproteins revisited: New proteolipid protein gene family members in elasmobranchs. Neurochem. Res. 1994, 19:1047-1054.
177. Sivron T., Cohen A., Duvdevani R., Jeserich G., Schwartz M. Glial response to axonal injury: In vitro manifestation and implication for regeneration. Glia 1990, 3:267-276.
178. Spencer T., Domeniconi M., Cao Z.X., Filbin M.T. New roles for old proteins in adult CNS axonal regeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2003, 13:133-139.
179. Spiryda L.B. Myelin protein zero and membrane adhesion. J. Neurosci. Res. 1998, 54:137-146.
180. Spivack W.D., Zhong N., Salerno S., Saavedra R.A., Gould R.M. Molecular cloning of the myelin basic proteins in the shark, Squalus acanthias, and the ray, Raja erinacia. J. Neurosci. Res. 1993, 35:577-584.
181. Sprague J., Clements D., Conlin T., et al. The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN): The zebrafish model organism database. Nucl. Acids Res. 2003, 31:241-243.
182. Stecca B., Southwood C.M., Gragerov A., Kelley K.A., Friedrich V.L., Gow A. The evolution of lipophilin genes from invertebrates to tetrapods: DM-20 cannot replace proteolipid protein in CNS myelin. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:4002-4010.
183. Stensaas L.J., Stensaas S.S. Astrocytic neuroglial cells, oligodendrocytes and microgliacytes in the spinal cord of the toad II. Electron microscopy. Z. Zellforsch. 1968, 86:184-213.
184. Stuermer C.A.O., Bastmeyer M., Bähr M., Strobel G., Paschke K. Trying to understand axonal regeneration in the CNS of fish. J. Neurobiol. 1992, 23:537-550.
185. Suter U. PMP22 gene. Myelin Biology and Disorders 2004, 547-564. Elsevier Academic Press. R.A. Lazzarini, J.W. Griffin, H. Lassmann, K.-A. Nave, R.H. Miller, B.D. Trapp (Eds.).
186. Suter U., Scherer S.S. Disease mechanisms in inherited neuropathies. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:714-726.
187. Tabira T., Cullen M.J., Reier P.J., Webster H.D.F. An experimental analysis of interlamellar tight junctions in amphibian and mammalian CNS myelin. J. Neurocytol. 1978, 7:489-503.
188. 0-like glycoprotein in central nervous system myelin of amphibians (Ambystoma mexicanus, Xenopus laevis and Rana catesbeiana). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (B) 1993, 106B:873-882.
189. Tamai Y., Kojima H., Saito S., Takayama-Abe K., Horichi H. Characteristic distribution of glycolipids in gadoid fish nerve tissues and its bearing on phylogeny. J. Lipid Res. 1992, 33:1351-1359.
190. Taveggia C., Zanazzi G., Petrylak A., et al. Neuregulin-1 type III determines the ensheathment fate of axons. Neuron 2005, 47:681-694.
191. Taylor G.W. The optical properties of the earthworm giant fiber sheath as related to fiber size. J. Cell Comp. Physiol. 1942, 15:363-371.
192. Tohyama Y., Kasama-Yoshida H., Sakuma M., et al. Gene structure and amino acid sequence of Latimeria chalumnae (Coelacanth) myelin DM20: Phylogenetic relation of the fish. Neurochem. Res. 1999, 24:867-873.
193. Tohyama Y., Ichimiya T., Kasama-Yoshida H., et al. Phylogenetic relation of lungfish indicated by the amino acid sequence of myelin DM20. Mol. Brain Res. 2000, 80:256-259.
194. Trapp B.D., Bernier L., Andrews S.B., Colman D.R. Cellular and subcellular distribution of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and its mRNA in the rat central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 1988, 51:859-868.
195. Trapp B.D., Andrews S.B., Cootauco C., Quarles R. The myelin-associated glycoprotein is enriched in multivesicular bodies and periaxonal membranes of actively myelinating oligodendrocytes. J. Cell Biol. 1989, 109:2417-2426.
196. Tsukada Y., Kurihara T. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase: Molecular characterization and possible functional significance. Myelin: Biology and Chemistry 1992, 449-480. CRC Press. R.E. Martenson (Ed.).
197. Venkatesh B., Yap W.-H. Comparative genomics using fugu: A tool for the identification of conserved vertebrate cis-regulatory elements. BioEssays 2005, 27:100-107.
198. Venkatesh B., Erdmann M.V., Brenner S. Molecular synapomorphies resolve evolutionary relationships of extant jawed vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:11382-11387.
199. Villegas G.M., Villegas R. Squid axon ultrastructure. Curr. Top. Membr. Transp. 1984, 22:1-37.
200. Waehneldt T.V. Phylogeny of myelin proteins. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1990, 605:15-28.
201. Waehneldt T.V., Kiene M.L., Malotka J., Kiecke C., Neuhoff V. Nervous system myelin in the electric ray, Torpedo marmorata: Morphological characterization of the membrane and biochemical analysis of its protein components. Neurochem. Int. 1984, 6:223-235.
202. Waehneldt T.V., Malotka J., Karin N.J., Matthieu J.-M. Phylogenetic examination of vertebrate central nervous system myelin proteins by electro-immunoblotting. Neurosci. Lett. 1985, 57:97-102.
203. Waehneldt T.V., Matthieu J.-M., Jeserich G. Appearance of myelin proteins during vertebrate evolution. Neurochem. Int. 1986, 9:463-474.
204. Waehneldt T.V., Stoklas S., Jeserich G., Matthieu J.-M. Central nervous system myelin of teleosts: Comparative electrophoretic analysis of its proteins by staining and immunoblotting. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1986, 84B:273-278.
205. Waehneldt T.V., Malotka J., Kitamura S., Kishimoto Y. Electrophoretic characterization and immunoblot analysis of the proteins from the myelin-like light membrane fraction of shrimp ventral nerve (Penaeus duorarum). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1989, 92B:369-374.
206. Weatherby T.M., Davis A.D., Hartline D.K., Lenz P.H. The need for speed. II: Myelin in calanoid copepods. J. Comp. Physiol. (A) 2000, 186:347-357.
207. Werner H., Dimou L., Klugmann M., Pfeiffer S., Nave K.A. Multiple splice isoforms of proteolipid M6B in neurons and oligodendrocytes. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2001, 18:593-605.
208. Woolf C.J. No nogo: Now where to go?. Neuron 2003, 38:153-156.
209. Wulf P., Bernhardt R.R., Suter U. Characterization of peripheral myelin protein 22 in zebrafish (zPMP22) suggests an early role in the development of the peripheral nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 1999, 57:467-478.
210. Xu K., Terakawa S. Fenestration nodes and the wide submyelinic space form the basis for the unusually fast impulse conduction of shrimp myelinated axons. J. Exp. Biol. 1999, 202:1979-1989.
211. Yamamoto Y., Yoshikawa H., Nagano S., et al. Myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein is essential for normal arrangement of the radial component in central nervous system myelin. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:847-855.
212. Yan Y.M., Narayanan V., Lagenaur C. Expression of members of the proteolipid protein gene family in the developing murine central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 370:465-478.
213. Yin X., Baek R.C., Kirschner D.A., et al. Evolution of a neuroprotective function of central nervous system myelin. J. Cell. Biol. 2006, 172:469-478.
214. Yoshida M. Oligodendrocyte maturation in Xenopus laevis. J. Neurosci. Res. 1997, 50:169-176.
215. Yoshida M., Colman D.R. Parallel evolution and coexpression of the proteolipid proteins and protein zero in vertebrate myelin. Neuron 1996, 16:1115-1126.
216. Young P., Suter U. The causes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2003, 60:2547-2560.
217. Zand D., Hammer J., Gould R., Quarles R. High expression of the HNK-1/L2 carbohydrate epitope in the major glycoproteins of shark myelin. J. Neurochem. 1991, 57:1076-1079.
218. Zoran M.J., Drewes C.D., Fourtner C.R., Siegel A.J. The lateral giant fibers of the tubificid worm, Branchiura sowerbyi: Structural and functional asymmetry in a paired interneuronal system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 275:76-86.