Signaling and phloem-mobile transcripts

Short and Long Distance Signaling

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 151-177

  Ruiz Medrano, Roberto ^a   Kragler, Friedrich ^b   Wolf, Shmuel ^c  

^a DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA   (Mexico)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY   (Germany)

^c HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882331010     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1532-0_7     Document Type: Chapter

References (138)

1. Aki T, Shigyo M, Nakano R, Yoneyama T, Yanagisawa S (2008) Nano scale proteomics revealed the presence of regulatory proteins including three FT-Like proteins in phloem and xylem saps from rice. Plant Cell Physiol 49:767-790
2. Aniento F, Robinson DG (2005) Testing for endocytosis in plants. Protoplasma 226:3-11
3. Aoki K, Kragler F, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Lucas WJ (2002) A subclass of plant heat shock cognate 70 chaperones carries a motif that facilitates trafficking through plasmodesmata. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:16342-16347
4. Aoki K, Suzui N, Fujimaki S, Dohmae N, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Fujiwara T, Hayashi H, Yamaya T, Sakakibara H (2005) Destination-selective long-distance movement of phloem proteins. Plant Cell 17:1801-1814
5. Asano T, Masumura T, Kusano H, Kikuchi S, Kurita A, Shimada H, Kadowaki K (2002) Construction of a specialized cDNA library from plant cells isolated by laser capture microdissection: toward comprehensive analysis of the genes expressed in the rice phloem. Plant J 32:401-408
6. Atkins CA, Smith PM, Rodriguez-Medina C (2011) Macromolecules in phloem exudates - a review. Protoplasma 248:165-172
7. Attaran E, Zeier TE, Griebel T, Zeier J (2009) Methyl salicylate production and jasmonate signaling are not essential for systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 21:954-971
8. Banerjee AK, Chatterjee M, Yu Y, Suh SG, Miller WA, Hannapel DJ (2006) Dynamics of a mobile RNA of potato involved in a long-distance signaling pathway. Plant Cell 18:3443-3457
9. Banerjee AK, Lin T, Hannapel DJ (2009) Untranslated regions of a mobile transcript mediate RNA metabolism. Plant Physiol 151:1831-1843
10. Barnes A, Bale J, Constantinidou C, Ashton P, Jones A, Pritchard J (2004) Determining protein identity from sieve element sap in Ricinus communis L. by quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. J Exp Bot 55:1473-1481
11. Barton DA, Cole L, Collings DA, Liu DY, Smith PM, Day DA, Overall RL (2011) Cell-to-cell transport via the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant J 66:806-817
12. Benitez-Alfonso Y, Cilia M, San Roman A, Thomas C, Maule A, Hearn S, Jackson D (2009) Control of Arabidopsis meristem development by thioredoxin-dependent regulation of intercellular transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3615-3620
13. Bivalkar-Mehla S, Vakharia J, Mehla R, Abreha M, Kanwar JR, Tikoo A, Chauhan A (2011) Viral RNA silencing suppressors (RSS): novel strategy of viruses to ablate the host RNA interference (RNAi) defense system. Virus Res 155:1-9
14. Blackman LM, Boevink P, Cruz SS, Palukaitis P, Oparka KJ (1998) The movement protein of cucumber mosaic virus traffics into sieve elements in minor veins of Nicotiana clevelandii. Plant Cell 10:525-537
15. Brioudes F, Thierry AM, Chambrier P, Mollereau B, Bendahmane M (2010) Translationally controlled tumor protein is a conserved mitotic growth integrator in animals and plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:16384-16389
16. Buhtz A, Springer F, Chappell L, Baulcombe DC, Kehr J (2008) Identification and characterization of small RNAs from the phloem of Brassica napus. Plant J 53:739-749
17. Cevec M, Thibaudeau C, Plavec J (2010) NMR structure of the let-7 miRNA interacting with the site LCS1 of lin-41 mRNA from Caenorhabditis elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 38:7814-7821
18. Chatterjee M, Banerjee AK, Hannapel DJ (2007) A BELL1-like gene of potato is light activated and wound inducible. Plant Physiol 145:1435-1443
19. Chen H, Rosin FM, Prat S, Hannapel DJ (2003a) Interacting transcription factors from the three-amino acid loop extension superclass regulate tuber formation. Plant Physiol 132:1391-1404
20. Chen IH, Meng M, Hsu YH, Tsai CH (2003b) Functional analysis of the cloverleaf-like structure in the 3' untranslated region of bamboo mosaic potexvirus RNA revealed dual roles in viral RNA replication and long distance movement. Virology 315:415-424
21. Chen H, Banerjee AK, Hannapel DJ (2004) The tandem complex of BEL and KNOX partners is required for transcriptional repression of ga20ox1. Plant J 38:276-284
22. Chisholm ST, Parra MA, Anderberg RJ, Carrington JC (2001) Arabidopsis RTM1 and RTM2 genes function in phloem to restrict long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus. Plant Physiol 127:1667-1675
23. Clark AM, Jacobsen KR, Bostwick DE, Dannenhoffer JM, Skaggs MI, Thompson GA (1997) Molecular characterization of a phloem-specific gene encoding the filament protein, phloem protein 1 (PP1), from Cucurbita maxima. Plant J 12:49-61
24. Conrath U, Beckers GJ, Flors V, Garcia-Agustin P, Jakab G, Mauch F, Newman MA, Pieterse CM, Poinssot B, Pozo MJ, Pugin A, Schaffrath U, Ton J, Wendehenne D, Zimmerli L, Mauch-Mani B (2006) Priming: getting ready for battle. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:1062-1071
25. Corbesier L, Vincent C, Jang S, Fornara F, Fan Q, Searle I, Giakountis A, Farrona S, Gissot L, Turnbull C, Coupland G (2007) FT protein movement contributes to long-distance signaling in floral induction of Arabidopsis. Science 316:1030-1033
26. Cosson P, Sofer L, Le QH, Leger V, Schurdi-Levraud V, Whitham SA, Yamamoto ML, Gopalan S, Le Gall O, Candresse T, Carrington JC, Revers F (2010) RTM3, which controls long-distance movement of potyviruses, is a member of a new plant gene family encoding a meprin and TRAF homology domain-containing protein. Plant Physiol 154:222-232
27. Crafts AS (1932) Phloem anatomy, exudation, and transport of organic nutrients in Cucurbits. Plant Physiol 7:i4-i225
28. Diaz-Pendon JA, Ding SW (2008) Direct and indirect roles of viral suppressors of RNA silencing in pathogenesis. Annu Rev Phytopathol 46:303-326
29. Diaz-Pendon JA, Li F, Li WX, Ding SW (2007) Suppression of antiviral silencing by cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein in Arabidopsis is associated with drastically reduced accumulation of three classes of viral small interfering RNAs. Plant Cell 19:2053-2063
30. Ding B (2009) The biology of viroid-host interactions. Annu Rev Phytopathol 47:105-131
31. Ding SW, Voinnet O (2007) Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs. Cell 130:413-426
32. Dreher TW (2009) Role of tRNA-like structures in controlling plant virus replication. Virus Res 139:217-229
33. Dreher TW, Goodwin JB (1998) Transfer RNA mimicry among tymoviral genomic RNAs ranges from highly efficient to vestigial. Nucleic Acids Res 26:4356-4364
34. Dunoyer P, Lecellier CH, Parizotto EA, Himber C, Voinnet O (2004) Probing the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways with virus-encoded suppressors of RNA silencing. Plant Cell 16:1235-1250
35. Dunoyer P, Brosnan CA, Schott G, Wang Y, Jay F, Alioua A, Himber C, Voinnet O (2010) An endogenous, systemic RNAi pathway in plants. EMBO J 29:1699-1712
36. Fisher DB, Wu Y, Ku MS (1992) Turnover of soluble proteins in the wheat sieve tube. Plant Physiol 100:1433-1441
37. Fu ZQ, Guo M, Jeong BR, Tian F, Elthon TE, Cerny RL, Staiger D, Alfano JR (2007) A type III effector ADP-ribosylates RNA-binding proteins and quells plant immunity. Nature 447:284-288
38. Gaupels F, Buhtz A, Knauer T, Deshmukh S, Waller F, van Bel AJ, Kogel KH, Kehr J (2008) Adaptation of aphid stylectomy for analyses of proteins and mRNAs in barley phloem sap. J Exp Bot 59:3297-3306
39. Genoves A, Pallas V, Navarro JA (2011) Contribution of topology determinants of a viral movement protein to its membrane association, intracellular traffic and viral cell-to-cell movement. J Virol 85(15):7797-7809
40. Gerdes HH, Bukoreshtliev NV, Barroso JF (2007) Tunneling nanotubes: a new route for the exchange of components between animal cells. FEBS Lett 581:2194-2201
41. Giavalisco P, Kapitza K, Kolasa A, Buhtz A, Kehr J (2006) Towards the proteome of Brassica napus phloem sap. Proteomics 6:896-909
42. Gilbertson RL, Lucas WJ (1996) How do viruses traffic on the vascular highway. Trends Plant Sci 1:260-268
43. Gisel A, Barella S, Hempel FD, Zambryski PC (1999) Temporal and spatial regulation of symplastic trafficking during development in Arabidopsis thaliana apices. Development 126:1879-1889
44. Gisel A, Hempel FD, Barella S, Zambryski P (2002) Leaf-to-shoot apex movement of symplastic tracer is restricted coincident with flowering in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:1713-1717
45. Gomez G, Pallas V (2004) A long-distance translocatable phloem protein from cucumber forms a ribonucleoprotein complex in vivo with Hop stunt viroid RNA. J Virol 78:10104-10110
46. Gomez G, Torres H, Pallas V (2005) Identification of translocatable RNA-binding phloem proteins from melon, potential components of the long-distance RNA transport system. Plant J 41: 107-116
47. Gopinath K, Kao CC (2007) Replication-independent long-distance trafficking by viral RNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Cell 19:1179-1191
48. Griffing LR, Villanueva MA, Taylor J, Moon S (1995) Methods in cell biology. Academic, San Diego, pp 109-121
49. Guenoune-Gelbart D, Elbaum M, Sagi G, Levy A, Epel BL (2008) Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replicase and movement protein function synergistically in facilitating TMV spread by lateral diffusion in the plasmodesmal desmotubule of Nicotiana benthamiana. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21:335-345
50. Ham BK, Brandom JL, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Ringgold V, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ (2009) A polypyrimidine tract binding protein, pumpkin RBP50, forms the basis of a phloem-mobile ribonucleoprotein complex. Plant Cell 21(1):197-215
51. Hamilton AJ, Baulcombe DC (1999) A species of small antisense RNA in postranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Science 286:950-951
52. Harries P, Ding B (2011) Cellular factors in plant virus movement: at the leading edge of macromolecular trafficking in plants. Virology 411:237-243
53. Haywood V, Kragler F, Lucas WJ (2002) Plasmodesmata: pathways for protein and ribonucleoprotein signaling. Plant Cell 14(Suppl):S303-S325
54. Haywood V, Yu TS, Huang NC, Lucas WJ (2005) Phloem long-distance trafficking of GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE RNA regulates leaf development. Plant J 42:49-68
55. Hsieh LC, Lin SI, Shih AC, Chen JW, Lin WY, Tseng CY, Li WH, Chiou TJ (2009) Uncovering small RNA-mediated responses to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis by deep sequencing. Plant Physiol 151:2120-2132
56. Huang NC, Yu TS (2009) The sequences of Arabidopsis GA-INSENSITIVE RNA constitute the motifs that are necessary and sufficient for RNA long-distance trafficking. Plant J 59(6): 921-929
57. Imlau A, Truernit E, Sauer N (1999) Cell-to-cell and long-distance trafficking of the green fluorescent protein in the phloem and symplastic unloading of the protein into sink tissues. Plant Cell 11:309-322
58. Ivashikina N, Deeken R, Ache P, Kranz E, Pommerrenig B, Sauer N, Hedrich R (2003) Isolation of AtSUC2 promoter-GFP-marked companion cells for patch-clamp studies and expression profiling. Plant J 36:931-945
59. Jaeger KE, Wigge PA (2007) FT protein acts as a long-range signal in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 17:1050-1054
60. Kaido M, Funatsu N, Tsuno Y, Mise K, Okuno T (2011) Viral cell-to-cell movement requires formation of cortical punctate structures containing Red clover necrotic mosaic virus movement protein. Virology 413:205-215
61. Kanehira A, Yamada K, Iwaya T, Tuswamoto R, Kasai A, Nakazono M, Harada T (2010) Apple phloem cells contain some mRNAs transported over long distances. Tree Genet Genomes 6:635-642
62. Kehr J, Buhtz A (2008) Long distance transport and movement of RNA through the phloem. J Exp Bot 59:85-92
63. Kehr J, Rep M (2007) Protein extraction from xylem and phloem sap. Methods Mol Biol 355:27-35
64. Kim M, Canio W, Kessler S, Sinha N (2001) Developmental changes due to long-distance movement of a homeobox fusion transcript in tomato. Science 293:287-289
65. Kim JY, Rim Y, Wang J, Jackson D (2005) A novel cell-to-cell trafficking assay indicates that the KNOX homeodomain is necessary and sufficient for intercellular protein and mRNA trafficking. Genes Dev 19:788-793
66. Kim SH, Macfarlane S, Kalinina NO, Rakitina DV, Ryabov EV, Gillespie T, Haupt S, Brown JW, Taliansky M (2007a) Interaction of a plant virus-encoded protein with the major nucleolar protein fibrillarin is required for systemic virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:11115-11120
67. Kim SH, Ryabov EV, Kalinina NO, Rakitina DV, Gillespie T, MacFarlane S, Haupt S, Brown JW, Taliansky M (2007b) Cajal bodies and the nucleolus are required for a plant virus systemic infection. EMBO J 26:2169-2179
68. Kragler F (2010) RNA in the phloem: a crisis or a return on investment? Plant Sci 178:99-104
69. Kragler F, Lucas WJ, Monzer J (1998) Plasmodesmata: dynamics, domains and patterning. Ann Bot (London) 81:1-10
70. Lee JY, Yoo BC, Rojas MR, Gomez-Ospina N, Staehelin LA, Lucas WJ (2003) Selective trafficking of non-cell-autonomous proteins mediated by NtNCAPP1. Science 299:392-396
71. Leontis NB, Westhof E (2001) Geometric nomenclature and classification of RNA base pairs. RNA 7:499-512
72. Levy A, Erlanger M, Rosenthal M, Epel BL (2007) A plasmodesmata-associated beta-1,3-glucanase in Arabidopsis. Plant J 49:669-682
73. Li C, Zhang K, Zeng X, Jackson S, Zhou Y, Hong Y (2009) A cis element within flowering locus T mRNA determines its mobility and facilitates trafficking of heterologous viral RNA. J Virol 83:3540-3548
74. Lifschitz E, Eviatar T, Rozman A, Shalit A, Goldshmidt A, Amsellem Z, Alvarez JP, Eshed Y (2006) The tomato FT ortholog triggers systemic signals that regulate growth and flowering and substitute for diverse environmental stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:6398-6403
75. Lin JW, Ding MP, Hsu YH, Tsai CH (2007a) Chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase, a gluconeogenetic enzyme, is required for efficient accumulation of Bamboo mosaic virus. Nucleic Acids Res 35:424-432
76. Lin MK, Belanger H, Lee YJ, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Taoka K, Miura E, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Gendler K, Jorgensen RA, Phinney B, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ (2007b) FLOWERING LOCUS T protein may act as the long-distance florigenic signal in the cucurbits. Plant Cell 19:1488-1506
77. Lin MK, Lee YJ, Lough TJ, Phinney BS, Lucas WJ (2009) Analysis of the pumpkin phloem proteome provides insights into angiosperm sieve tube function. Mol Cell Proteomics 8:343-356
78. Lough TJ, Lucas WJ (2006) Integrative plant biology: role of phloem long-distance macromolecular trafficking. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:203-232
79. Lough TJ, Lee RH, Emerson SJ, Forster RL, Lucas WJ (2006) Functional analysis of the 5' untranslated region of potexvirus RNA reveals a role in viral replication and cell-to-cell movement. Virology 351:455-465
80. Lucas WJ (2006) Plant viral movement proteins: agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes. Virology 344:169-184
81. Lucas WJ, Ding B, Van Der Schoot C (1993) Tansley review No. 58: plasmodesmata and the supracellular nature of plants. New Phytol 125:435-476
82. Lucas WJ, Ham BK, Kim JY (2009) Plasmodesmata - bridging the gap between neighboring plant cells. Trends Cell Biol 19:495-503
83. Maldonado AM, Doerner P, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ, Cameron RK (2002) A putative lipid transfer protein involved in systemic resistance signalling in Arabidopsis. Nature 419:399-403
84. Malter D, Wolf S (2011) Melon phloem-sap proteome: developmental control and response to viral infection. Protoplasma 248:217-224
85. Martin A, Adam H, Diaz-Mendoza M, Zurczak M, Gonzalez-Schain ND, Suarez-Lopez P (2009) Graft-transmissible induction of potato tuberization by the microRNA miR172. Development 136:2873-2881
86. Mathieu J, Warthmann N, Kuttner F, Schmid M (2007) Export of FT protein from phloem companion cells is sufficient for floral induction in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 17:1055-1060
87. Maule AJ (2008) Plasmodesmata: structure, function and biogenesis. Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:680-686
88. Miller WA, Wang Z, Treder K (2007) The amazing diversity of cap-independent translation elements in the 3'-untranslated regions of plant viral RNAs. Biochem Soc Trans 35:1629-1633
89. Nakazono M, Qiu F, Borsuk LA, Schnable PS (2003) Laser-capture microdissection, a tool for the global analysis of gene expression in specific plant cell types: identification of genes expressed differentially in epidermal cells or vascular tissues of maize. Plant Cell 15:583-596
90. Niehl A, Heinlein M (2011) Cellular pathways for viral transport through plasmodesmata. Protoplasma 248:75-99
91. Noll GA, Fontanellaz ME, Ruping B, Ashoub A, van Bel AJ, Fischer R, Knoblauch M, Prufer D (2007) Spatial and temporal regulation of the forisome gene for1 in the phloem during plant development. Plant Mol Biol 65:285-294
92. Olsen AN, Ernst HA, Leggio LL, Skriver K (2005) NAC transcription factors: structurally distinct, functionally diverse. Trends Plant Sci 10:79-87
93. Omid A, Keilin T, Glass A, Leshkowitz D, Wolf S (2007) Characterization of phloem-sap transcription profile in melon plants. J Exp Bot 58:3645-3656
94. Oparka KJ (2004) Getting the message across: how do plant cells exchange macromolecular complexes? Trends Plant Sci 9:33-41
95. Oparka KJ, Roberts AG, Boevink P, Santa Cruz S, Roberts IM, Kotlizky G, Sauer N, Epel B (1999a) Simple, but not branched, plasmodesmata allow the nonspecific trafficking of proteins in developing tobacco leaves. Cell 97:743-754
96. Oparka KJ, Roberts AG, Boevink P, Santa Cruz S, Roberts I, Pradel KS, Imlau A, Kotlizky G, Sauer N, Epel B (1999b) Simple, but not branched, plasmodesmata allow the nonspecific trafficking of proteins in developing tobacco leaves [see comments]. Cell 97:743-754
97. Pant BD, Buhtz A, Kehr J, Scheible WR (2008) MicroRNA399 is a long-distance signal for the regulation of plant phosphate homeostasis. Plant J 53:731-738
98. Peng J, Carol P, Richards DE, King KE, Cowling RJ, Murphy GP, Harberd NP (1997) The Arabidopsis GAI gene defines a signaling pathway that negatively regulates gibberellin responses. Genes Dev 11:3194-3205
99. Qi Y, Pelissier T, Itaya A, Hunt E, Wassenegger M, Ding B (2004) Direct role of a viroid RNA motif in mediating directional RNA trafficking across a specific cellular boundary. Plant Cell 16:1741-1752
100. Rajamaki ML, Valkonen JP (2009) Control of nuclear and nucleolar localization of nuclear inclusion protein a of picorna-like Potato virus A in Nicotiana species. Plant Cell 21:2485-2502
101. Requena A, Simon-Buela L, Salcedo G, Garcia-Arenal F (2006) Potential involvement of a cucumber homolog of phloem protein 1 in the long-distance movement of cucumber mosaic virus particles. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:734-746
102. Rinne PL, van der Schoot C (1998) Symplasmic fields in the tunica of the shoot apical meristem coordinate morphogenetic events. Development 125:1477-1485
103. Rinne PL, Kaikuranta PM, van der Schoot C (2001) The shoot apical meristem restores its symplasmic organization during chilling-induced release from dormancy. Plant J 26:249-264
104. Rinne PL, Welling A, Vahala J, Ripel L, Ruonala R, Kangasjarvi J, van der Schoot C (2011) Chilling of dormant buds hyperinduces FLOWERING LOCUS T and recruits GA-inducible 1,3-beta-glucanases to reopen signal conduits and release dormancy in Populus. Plant Cell 23:130-146
105. Rodriguez-Medina C, Atkins CA, Mann AJ, Jordan ME, Smith PM (2011) Macromolecular composition of phloem exudate from white lupin (Lupinus albus L). BMC Plant Biol 11:36
106. Rosin FM, Hart JK, Horner HT, Davies PJ, Hannapel DJ (2003) Overexpression of a knotted-like homeobox gene of potato alters vegetative development by decreasing gibberellin accumulation. Plant Physiol 132:106-117
107. Ruiz-Medrano R, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Lucas WJ (1999) Phloem long-distance transport of CmNACP mRNA: implications for supracellular regulation in plants. Development 126:4405-4419
108. Ruiz-Medrano R, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Lucas WJ (2001) The phloem as a conduit for interorgan communication. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4:202-209
109. Ruiz-Medrano R, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Kragler F (2004) The plasmodesmatal transport pathway for homeotic proteins, silencing signals and viruses. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:641-650
110. Ruiz-Medrano R, Hinojosa-Moya JJ, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Lucas WJ (2007) Influence of cucumber mosaic virus infection on the mRNA population present in the phloem translocation stream of pumpkin plants. Funct Plant Biol 34:292-301
111. Rustom A, Saffrich R, Markovic I, Walther P, Gerdes HH (2004) Nanotubular highways for intercellular organelle transport. Science 303:1007-1010
112. Sambade A, Brandner K, Hofmann C, Seemanpillai M, Mutterer J, Heinlein M (2008) Transport of TMV movement protein particles associated with the targeting of RNA to plasmodesmata. Traffic 9:2073-2088
113. Saxton MJ, Breidenbach RW (1988) Receptor-mediated endocytosis in plants is energetically possible. Plant Physiol 86:993-995
114. Shin HI, Cho NJ, Cho TJ (2008) Role of 5'-UTR hairpins of the Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA in replication and systemic movement. BMB Rep 41:778-783
115. Simon-Buela L, Garcia-Arenal F (1999) Virus particles of cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus move systemically in the phloem of infected cucumber plants. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 12:112-118
116. Streitner C, Danisman S, Wehrle F, Schoning JC, Alfano JR, Staiger D (2008) The small glycine-rich RNA binding protein AtGRP7 promotes floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 56:239-250
117. Sudarshana MR, Wang HL, Lucas WJ, Gilbertson RL (1998) Dynamics of bean dwarf mosaic geminivirus cell-to-cell and long-distance movement in Phaseolus vulgaris revealed, using the green fluorescent protein. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 11:277-291
118. Takeda R, Petrov AI, Leontis NB, Ding B (2011) A three-dimensional RNA motif in Potato spindle tuber viroid mediates trafficking from palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Cell 23:258-272
119. Tamaki S, Matsuo S, Wong HL, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K (2007) Hd3a protein is a mobile flowering signal in rice. Science 316:1033-1036
120. Tangl E (1880) Ueber offene Communicationen zwischen den Zellen des Endosperms einiger Samen. Jahrbücher für Wissenschaftliche Botanik 12:170-190
121. Tilsner J, Amari K, Torrance L (2011) Plasmodesmata viewed as specialised membrane adhesion sites. Protoplasma 248:39-60
122. Turgeon R, Wolf S (2009) Phloem transport: cellular pathways and molecular trafficking. Annu Rev Plant Biol 60:207-221
123. Ueki S, Citovsky V (2005) Control improves with age: intercellular transport in plant embryos and adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:1817-1818
124. Vilaine F, Palauqui JC, Amselem J, Kusiak C, Lemoine R, Dinant S (2003) Towards deciphering phloem: a transcriptome analysis of the phloem of Apium graveolens. Plant J 36:67-81
125. Vlot AC, Klessig DF, Park SW (2008a) Systemic acquired resistance: the elusive signal(s). Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:436-442
126. Vlot AC, Liu PP, Cameron RK, Park SW, Yang Y, Kumar D, Zhou F, Padukkavidana T, Gustafsson C, Pichersky E, Klessig DF (2008b) Identification of likely orthologs of tobacco salicylic acidbinding protein 2 and their role in systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 56:445-456
127. Walz C, Giavalisco P, Schad M, Juenger M, Klose J, Kehr J (2004) Proteomics of curcurbit phloem exudate reveals a network of defence proteins. Phytochemistry 65:1795-1804
128. Weinl C, Marquardt S, Kuijt SJ, Nowack MK, Jakoby MJ, Hulskamp M, Schnittger A (2005) Novel functions of plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, ICK1/KRP1, can act non-cell-autonomously and inhibit entry into mitosis. Plant Cell 17:1704-1722
129. Whitham SA, Anderberg RJ, Chisholm ST, Carrington JC (2000) Arabidopsis RTM2 gene is necessary for specific restriction of tobacco etch virus and encodes an unusual small heat shock-like protein. Plant Cell 12:569-582
130. Xoconostle-Cazares B, Xiang Y, Ruiz-Medrano R, Wang HL, Monzer J, Yoo BC, McFarland KC, Franceschi VR, Lucas WJ (1999) Plant paralog to viral movement protein that potentiates transport of mRNA into the phloem. Science 283:94-98
131. Xu XM, Jackson D (2010) Lights at the end of the tunnel: new views of plasmodesmal structure and function. Curr Opin Plant Biol 13:684-692
132. Yoo B-C, Kragler F, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Haywood V, Archer-Evans S, Lee Y-M, Lough TJ, Lucas WJ (2004) A systemic small RNA signaling system in plants. Plant Cell 16:1979-2000
133. Zavaliev R, Ueki S, Epel BL, Citovsky V (2011) Biology of callose (beta-1,3-glucan) turnover at plasmodesmata. Protoplasma 248:117-130
134. Zhang S, Sun L, Kragler F (2009) The phloem-delivered RNA pool contains small noncoding RNAs and interferes with translation. Plant Physiol 150:378-387
135. Zhang B, Tolstikov V, Turnbull C, Hicks LM, Fiehn O (2010) Divergent metabolome and proteome suggest functional independence of dual phloem transport systems in cucurbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:13532-13537
136. Zhong X, Tao X, Stombaugh J, Leontis N, Ding B (2007) Tertiary structure and function of an RNA motif required for plant vascular entry to initiate systemic trafficking. EMBO J 26:3836-3846
137. Zhong X, Archual AJ, Amin AA, Ding B (2008) A genomic map of viroid RNA motifs critical for replication and systemic trafficking. Plant Cell 20:35-47
138. Zhu Y, Green L, Woo YM, Owens R, Ding B (2001) Cellular basis of potato spindle tuber viroid systemic movement. Virology 279:69-77