Future treatment strategies in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

The Lancet

Volumn 382, Issue 9892, 2013, Pages 644-657

  Windecker, Stephan ^a   Bax, Jeroen J ^b   Myat, Aung ^c   Stone, Gregg W ^d   Marber, Michael S ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATORVASTATIN; ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR ALPHA; BENDAVIA; CRYOPROTECTIVE AGENT; CYCLOSPORIN A; DELCASERTIB; ENIPORIDE; EPLERENONE; EVEROLIMUS; EXENDIN 4; GLUCOSE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INSULIN; MAGNESIUM; METFORMIN; METHOTREXATE; MYOLIMUS; NICORANDIL; NOVOLIMUS; PACLITAXEL; PEXELIZUMAB; POTASSIUM; RAPAMYCIN; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN; SPIRONOLACTONE; TRIMETAZIDINE; UMIROLIMUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASODILATOR AGENT; ZOTAROLIMUS;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CORONARY REPERFUSION; FIBROSIS; HEART MUSCLE; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART PROTECTION; HEART SURGERY; HUMAN; MUSCLE REGENERATION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGENERATION; REVIEW; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STEM CELL; THERAPY DELAY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84882269955     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: 1474547X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61452-X     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Gersh BJ, Stone GW, White HD, Holmes DR Jr. Pharmacological facilitation of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: is the slope of the curve the shape of the future? JAMA 2005; 293: 979-86.
2. Nallamothu BK, Bates ER, Herrin J, Wang Y, Bradley EH, Krumholz HM, and the NRMI Investigators. Times to treatment in transfer patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States: National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI)-3/4 analysis. Circulation 2005; 111: 761-67.
3. Huber K, Goldstein P, Danchin N, et al. Enhancing the efficacy of delivering reperfusion therapy: a European and North American experience with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction networks. Am Heart J 2013; 165: 123-32.
4. Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y, et al. Strategies for reducing the door-to-balloon time in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2308-20.
5. Ting HH, Krumholz HM, Bradley EH, et al, and the American Heart Association Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research, Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology. Implementation and integration of prehospital ECGs into systems of care for acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research, Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation 2008; 118: 1066-79.
6. Nallamothu BK, Bradley EH, Krumholz HM. Time to treatment in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1631-38.
7. Eagle KA, Nallamothu BK, Mehta RH, et al, and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Investigators. Trends in acute reperfusion therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction from 1999 to 2006: we are getting better but we have got a long way to go. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 609-17.
8. Ting HH, Bradley EH, Wang Y, et al. Factors associated with longer time from symptom onset to hospital presentation for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 959-68.
9. Kaul P, Fu Y, Westerhout CM, Granger CB, Armstrong PW. Relative prognostic value of baseline Q wave and time from symptom onset among men and women with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110: 1555-60.
10. Hopenfeld B, John MS, Fischell DR, Medeiros P, Guimaraes HP, Piegas LS. The Guardian: an implantable system for chronic ambulatory monitoring of acute myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 2009; 42: 481-86.
11. Lurie KG, Idris A, Holcomb JB. Level 1 cardiac arrest centers: learning from the trauma surgeons. Acad Emerg Med 2005; 12: 79-80.
12. Nichol G, Aufderheide TP, Eigel B, et al, and the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, and the Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation, and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Advocacy Committee, and the Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Regional systems of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121: 709-29.
13. Kern KB. Cardiac receiving centers: beyond hypothermia. Curr Opin Crit Care 2012; 18: 246-50.
14. Kern KB. Optimal treatment of patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5: 597-605.
15. Hazinski MF, Nolan JP, Billi JE, et al. Part 1: executive summary-2010 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Circulation 2010; 122 (suppl 2): S250-75.
16. O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al, and the CF/AHA Task Force. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary-a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2013; 127: 529-55.
17. Steg PG, James SK, Atar D, et al, and the task force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2569-619.
18. Dumas F, Cariou A, Manzo-Silberman S, et al. Immediate percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with better survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: insights from the PROCAT (Parisian Region Out of hospital Cardiac ArresT) registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3: 200-07.
19. Hallstrom A, Rea TD, Sayre MR, et al. Manual chest compression vs use of an automated chest compression device during resuscitation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 2620-28.
20. Ong MEH, Ornato JP, Edwards DP, et al. Use of an automated, load-distributing band chest compression device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation. JAMA 2006; 295: 2629-37.
21. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 361: 13-20.
22. Nakazawa G, Finn AV, Vorpahl M, Ladich ER, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. Coronary responses and differential mechanisms of late stent thrombosis attributed to first-generation sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 390-98.
23. Nakazawa G, Otsuka F, Nakano M, et al. The pathology of neoatherosclerosis in human coronary implants bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57: 1314-22.
24. Stefanini GG, Holmes DR Jr. Drug-eluting coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 254-65.
25. Sabate M, Cequier A, Iniguez A, et al. Everolimus-eluting stent versus bare-metal stent in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (EXAMINATION): 1 year results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012; 380: 1482-90.
26. Raber L, Kelbak H, Ostojic M, et al, and the COMFORTABLE AMI Trial Investigators. Effect of biolimus-eluting stents with biodegradable polymer vs bare-metal stents on cardiovascular events among patients with acute myocardial infarction: the COMFORTABLE AMI randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 308: 777-87.
27. Onuma Y, Serruys PW. Bioresorbable scaffold: the advent of a new era in percutaneous coronary and peripheral revascularization? Circulation 2011; 123: 779-97.
28. Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, Onuma Y. From metallic cages to transient bioresorbable scaffolds: change in paradigm of coronary revascularization in the upcoming decade? Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 16-25b.
29. Brugaletta S, Radu MD, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. Circumferential evaluation of the neointima by optical coherence tomography after ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation: can the scaffold cap the plaque? Atherosclerosis 2012; 221: 106-12.
30. Ormiston JA, Serruys PW, Regar E, et al. A bioabsorbable everolimus-eluting coronary stent system for patients with single de-novo coronary artery lesions (ABSORB): a prospective open-label trial. Lancet 2008; 371: 899-907.
31. Serruys PW, Ormiston JA, Onuma Y, et al. A bioabsorbable everolimus-eluting coronary stent system (ABSORB): 2-year outcomes and results from multiple imaging methods. Lancet 2009; 373: 897-910.
32. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang Y-H, Smialek J, Virmani R. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1276-82.
33. Virmani R, Burke AP, Farb A, Kolodgie FD. Pathology of the vulnerable plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47 (suppl): C13-18.
34. Braunwald E. Epilogue: what do clinicians expect from imagers? J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47 (suppl): C101-03.
35. Stone GW, Maehara A, Lansky AJ, et al, and the PROSPECT Investigators. A prospective natural-history study of coronary atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 226-35.
36. Narula J, Nakano M, Virmani R, et al. Histopathologic characteristics of atherosclerotic coronary disease and implications of the findings for the invasive and noninvasive detection of vulnerable plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 1041-51.
37. Libby P. Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 2004-13.
38. Stone PH, Saito S, Takahashi S, et al, and the PREDICTION investigators. Prediction of progression of coronary artery disease and clinical outcomes using vascular profiling of endothelial shear stress and arterial plaque characteristics: the PREDICTION study. Circulation 2012; 126: 172-81.
39. Takarada S, Imanishi T, Kubo T, et al. Effect of statin therapy on coronary fibrous-cap thickness in patients with acute coronary syndrome: assessment by optical coherence tomography study. Atherosclerosis 2009; 202: 491-97.
40. Hattori K, Ozaki Y, Ismail TF, et al. Impact of statin therapy on plaque characteristics as assessed by serial OCT, grayscale and integrated backscatter-IVUS. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5: 169-77.
41. Tang TY, Howarth SPS, Miller SR, et al. The ATHEROMA (Atorvastatin Therapy: Effects on Reduction of Macrophage Activity) study: evaluation using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in carotid disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 2039-50.
42. Tawakol A, Fayad ZA, Mogg R, et al. Intensification of statin therapy results in a rapid reduction in atherosclerotic inflammation: results of a multi-center FDG-PET/CT feasibility study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; published online May 30. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.066.
43. Verheye S, Martinet W, Kockx MM, et al. Selective clearance of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques by autophagy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 706-15.
44. Reimer KA, Jennings RB. The "wavefront phenomenon" of myocardial ischemic cell death: II-transmural progression of necrosis within the framework of ischemic bed size (myocardium at risk) and collateral flow. Lab Invest 1979; 40: 633-44.
45. Boersma E, Maas ACP, Deckers JW, Simoons ML. Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 1996; 348: 771-75.
46. Heusch G. Cardioprotection: chances and challenges of its translation to the clinic. Lancet 2013; 381: 166-75.
47. Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: 92-100.
48. Botker HE, Kharbanda R, Schmidt MR, et al. Remote ischaemic conditioning before hospital admission, as a complement to angioplasty, and effect on myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 727-34.
49. Piot C, Croisille P, Staat P, et al. Effect of cyclosporine on reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 473-81.
50. Van de Hoef TP, Nolte F, Delewi R, et al. Intracoronary hemodynamic effects of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO): results from the First-In-Man Prepare PICSO study. J Interv Cardiol 2012; 25: 549-56.
51. Friedrich MG, Abdel-Aty H, Taylor A, Schulz-Menger J, Messroghli D, Dietz R. The salvaged area at risk in reperfused acute myocardial infarction as visualized by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 1581-87.
52. Kim HW, Farzaneh-Far A, Kim RJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with myocardial infarction: current and emerging applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 55: 1-16.
53. Atar D, Petzelbauer P, Schwitter J, et al, and the FIRE investigators. Effect of intravenous FX06 as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction results of the FIRE (Efficacy of FX06 in the Prevention of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 720-29.
54. Opie LH, Commerford PJ, Gersh BJ, Pfeffer MA. Controversies in ventricular remodelling. Lancet 2006; 367: 356-67.
55. Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Bauersachs J. Novel therapeutic approaches to post-infarction remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94: 293-303.
56. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al, and the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-21.
57. Fraccarollo D, Berger S, Galuppo P, et al. Deletion of cardiomyocyte mineralocorticoid receptor ameliorates adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2011; 123: 400-08.
58. Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Schraut S, et al. Immediate mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves myocardial infarct healing by modulation of the inflammatory response. Hypertension 2008; 51: 905-14.
59. Chung ES, Dan D, Solomon SD, et al. Effect of peri-infarct pacing early after myocardial infarction: results of the prevention of myocardial enlargement and dilatation post myocardial infarction study. Circ Heart Fail 2010; 3: 650-58.
60. Murry CE, Reinecke H, Pabon LM. Regeneration gaps: observations on stem cells and cardiac repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1777-85.
61. Anversa P, Kajstura J, Rota M, Leri A. Regenerating new heart with stem cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: 62-70.
62. Laflamme MA, Murry CE. Heart regeneration. Nature 2011; 473: 326-35.
63. Leri A, Kajstura J, Anversa P. Role of cardiac stem cells in cardiac pathophysiology: a paradigm shift in human myocardial biology. Circ Res 2011; 109: 941-61.
64. Strauer B-E, Steinhoff G. 10 years of intracoronary and intramyocardial bone marrow stem cell therapy of the heart: from the methodological origin to clinical practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58: 1095-104.
65. Segers VFM, Lee RT. Stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease. Nature 2008; 451: 937-42.
66. Beltrami AP, Urbanek K, Kajstura J, et al. Evidence that human cardiac myocytes divide after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1750-57.
67. Small EM, Frost RJA, Olson EN. MicroRNAs add a new dimension to cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2010; 121: 1022-32.
68. Roy S, Khanna S, Hussain S-RA, et al. MicroRNA expression in response to murine myocardial infarction: miR-21 regulates fibroblast metalloprotease-2 via phosphatase and tensin homologue. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82: 21-29.
69. Bonauer A, Carmona G, Iwasaki M, et al. MicroRNA-92a controls angiogenesis and functional recovery of ischemic tissues in mice. Science 2009; 324: 1710-13.
70. Thum T, Gross C, Fiedler J, et al. MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts. Nature 2008; 456: 980-84.
71. van Rooij E, Sutherland LB, Thatcher JE, et al. Dysregulation of microRNAs after myocardial infarction reveals a role of miR-29 in cardiac fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 13027-32.
72. Eulalio A, Mano M, Dal Ferro M, et al. Functional screening identifies miRNAs inducing cardiac regeneration. Nature 2012; 492: 376-81.
73. Mercola M. Cardiovascular biology: a boost for heart regeneration. Nature 2012; 492: 360-62.
74. Bergmann O, Bhardwaj RD, Bernard S, et al. Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science 2009; 324: 98-102.
75. Urbanek K, Torella D, Sheikh F, et al. Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 8692-97.
76. Kajstura J, Urbanek K, Perl S, et al. Cardiomyogenesis in the adult human heart. Circ Res 2010; 107: 305-15.
77. Strauer B-E, Brehm M, Zeus T, et al. Intracoronary, human autologous stem cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration following myocardial infarction. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 126: 932-38 (in German).
78. Stamm C, Westphal B, Kleine HD, et al. Autologous bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration. Lancet 2003; 361: 45-46.
79. Abdel-Latif A, Bolli R, Tleyjeh IM, et al. Adult bone marrow-derived cells for cardiac repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 989-97.
80. Schachinger V, Erbs S, Elsasser A, et al, and the REPAIR-AMI investigators. Intracoronary bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1210-21.
81. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, et al, and the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN). Effect of the use and timing of bone marrow mononuclear cell delivery on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: the TIME randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 308: 2380-89.
82. Assmus B, Schachinger V, Teupe C, et al. Transplantation of Progenitor Cells and Regeneration Enhancement in Acute Myocardial Infarction (TOPCARE-AMI). Circulation 2002; 106: 3009-17.
83. Roncalli J, Mouquet F, Piot C, et al. Intracoronary autologous mononucleated bone marrow cell infusion for acute myocardial infarction: results of the randomized multicenter BONAMI trial. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 1748-57.
84. Hirsch A, Nijveldt R, van der Vleuten PA, et al, and the HEBE investigators. Intracoronary infusion of mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood compared with standard therapy in patients after acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the randomized controlled HEBE trial. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 1736-47.
85. Huikuri HV, Kervinen K, Niemela M, et al, and the FINCELL investigators. Effects of intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells on left ventricular function, arrhythmia risk profile, and restenosis after thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 2723-32.
86. Lunde K, Solheim S, Aakhus S, et al. Intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1199-209.
87. Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007; 131: 861-72.
88. Bolli R, Chugh AR, D'Amario D, et al. Cardiac stem cells in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO): initial results of a randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet 2011; 378: 1847-57.
89. Makkar RR, Smith RR, Cheng K, et al. Intracoronary cardiosphere-derived cells for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (CADUCEUS): a prospective, randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet 2012; 379: 895-904.