메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 403-414

Clostridium difficile infection in older adults

Author keywords

aging; antimicrobial stewardship; Clostridium difficile infection; fecal bacteriotherapy; fidaxomicin; infection control; long term care facilities; metronidzole; older adults; vancomycin

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN A; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN B; DICLOFENAC; FIDAXOMICIN; METRONIDAZOLE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84881460675     PISSN: 1745509X     EISSN: 17455103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/ahe.13.37     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (69)

References (97)
  • 1
    • 84870999292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal colonization resistance
    • Lawley TD, Walker AW. Intestinal colonization resistance. Immunology 138, 1-11 (2013
    • (2013) Immunology , vol.138 , pp. 1-11
    • Lawley, T.D.1    Walker, A.W.2
  • 2
    • 80054030152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both, toxin A and toxin B, are important in clostridium difficile infection
    • Kuehne SA, Cartman ST, Minton NP. Both, toxin A and toxin B, are important in Clostridium difficile infection. Gut Microbes 2, 252-255 (2011
    • (2011) Gut Microbes , vol.2 , pp. 252-255
    • Kuehne, S.A.1    Cartman, S.T.2    Minton, N.P.3
  • 3
    • 0033113360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of toxin A negative, toxin B positive clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a canadian tertiary-care hospital
    • al-Barrak A, Embil J, Dyck B et al. An outbreak of toxin A negative, toxin B positive Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a Canadian tertiary-care hospital. Can. Commun. Dis. Rep. 25, 65-69 (1999
    • (1999) Can. Commun. Dis. Rep , vol.25 , pp. 65-69
    • Al-Barrak, A.1    Embil, J.2    Dyck, B.3
  • 4
    • 67349114409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxin B is essential for virulence of clostridium difficile
    • Lyras D, O'Connor JR, Howarth PM et al. Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile. Nature 458, 1176-1179 (2009
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 1176-1179
    • Lyras, D.1    O'Connor, J.R.2    Howarth, P.M.3
  • 6
    • 28844441314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality
    • Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA et al. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2442-2449 (2005
    • (2005) N Engl. J. Med , vol.353 , pp. 2442-2449
    • Loo, V.G.1    Poirier, L.2    Miller, M.A.3
  • 7
    • 28844494086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile
    • McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2433-2441 (2005
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.353 , pp. 2433-2441
    • McDonald, L.C.1    Killgore, G.E.2    Thompson, A.3
  • 8
    • 53449091796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078
    • Goorhuis A, Bakker D, Corver J et al. Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078. Clin. Infect. Dis. 47, 1162-1170 (2008
    • (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1162-1170
    • Goorhuis, A.1    Bakker, D.2    Corver, J.3
  • 11
    • 25144469664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks toxin production by an emerging strain of clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe
    • Warny M, Pepin J, Fang A et al Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks toxin production by an emerging strain of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet 366, 1079-1084 (2005
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1079-1084
    • Warny, M.1    Pepin, J.2    Fang, A.3
  • 12
    • 84863792386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile chromosome reveals a lack of association between the tcdC genotype and toxin production
    • Cartman ST, Kelly ML, Heeg D, Heap JT, Minton NP. Precise manipulation of the Clostridium difficile chromosome reveals a lack of association between the tcdC genotype and toxin production. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 4683-4690 (2012
    • (2012) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.78 , pp. 4683-4690
    • Cartman, S.T.1    Kelly, M.L.2    Heeg, D.3    Heap, J.T.4    Minton, N.P.5
  • 13
    • 45549098558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Clostridium difficile colitis
    • Gould CV, McDonald LC. Bench-to-bedside review: Clostridium difficile colitis. Crit. Care 12, 203 (2008
    • (2008) Crit. Care , vol.12 , pp. 203
    • Gould, C.V.1    McDonald, L.C.2
  • 14
    • 34547629612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fluoroquinolone treatment on growth of and toxin production by epidemic and nonepidemic Clostridium difficile strains in the cecal contents of mice
    • Adams DA, Riggs MM, Donskey CJ. Effect of fluoroquinolone treatment on growth of and toxin production by epidemic and nonepidemic Clostridium difficile strains in the cecal contents of mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 2674-2678 (2007
    • (2007) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 2674-2678
    • Adams, D.A.1    Riggs, M.M.2    Donskey, C.J.3
  • 15
    • 50949130251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infections in a Canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the BI/NAP1/027 strain
    • Labbé A-C, Poirier L, Maccannell D et al. Clostridium difficile infections in a Canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the BI/NAP1/027 strain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 3180-3187 (2008
    • (2008) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 3180-3187
    • Labbé, A.-C.1    Poirier, L.2    MacCannell, D.3
  • 16
    • 84871990888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and global spread of epidemic healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile
    • He M, Miyajima F, Roberts P et al. Emergence and global spread of epidemic healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile. Nature Genetics 45, 109-113 (2013
    • (2013) Nature Genetics , vol.45 , pp. 109-113
    • He, M.1    Miyajima, F.2    Roberts, P.3
  • 17
    • 82455209353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between clinical outcome of Clostridium difficile infections, strain type, and virulence-associated phenotypes
    • Sirard S, Valiquette L, Fortier L-C. Lack of association between clinical outcome of Clostridium difficile infections, strain type, and virulence-associated phenotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49, 4040-4046 (2011
    • (2011) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 4040-4046
    • Sirard, S.1    Valiquette, L.2    Fortier, L.-C.3
  • 18
    • 84866675037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection following the introduction of a national ribotyping-based surveillance scheme in England
    • Wilcox MH, Shetty N, Fawley WN et al. Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection following the introduction of a national ribotyping-based surveillance scheme in England. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55, 1056-1063 (2012
    • (2012) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.55 , pp. 1056-1063
    • Wilcox, M.H.1    Shetty, N.2    Fawley, W.N.3
  • 19
    • 84881458325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile Infections (CDI in hospital stays 2009 - Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs
    • Rockville MD, USA
    • Lucado J, Gould C, Elixhauser A. Clostridium difficile Infections (CDI) In Hospital Stays, 2009 - Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. NCBI bookshelf. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA (2006
    • (2006) NCBI Bookshelf Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Lucado, J.1    Gould, C.2    Elixhauser, A.3
  • 20
    • 84858598560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital signs: Preventing Clostridium difficile infections
    • McDonald LC, Lessa F, Sievert D et al. Vital signs: Preventing Clostridium difficile infections. MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep. 61(9), 157-162 (2012
    • (2012) MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.61 , Issue.9 , pp. 157-162
    • McDonald, L.C.1    Lessa, F.2    Sievert, D.3
  • 21
    • 77951026738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA
    • Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 31, 431-455 (2010
    • (2010) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.31 , pp. 431-455
    • Cohen, S.H.1    Gerding, D.N.2    Johnson, S.3
  • 22
    • 84857543395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-associated clostridium difficile infections, monroe county, New York, USA
    • Dumyati G, Stevens V, Hannett GE et al. Community-associated Clostridium difficile infections, Monroe County, New York, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18, 392-400 (2012
    • (2012) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.18 , pp. 392-400
    • Dumyati, G.1    Stevens, V.2    Hannett, G.E.3
  • 23
    • 76149131339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, North Carolina, USA
    • Kutty PK, Woods CW, Sena AC et al. Risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, North Carolina, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 197-204 (2010
    • (2010) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.16 , pp. 197-204
    • Kutty, P.K.1    Woods, C.W.2    Sena, A.C.3
  • 24
    • 84855422347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: A population-based study
    • Khanna S, Pardi DS, Aronson SL et al. The epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: A population-based study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 107, 89-95 (2012
    • (2012) Am. J. Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 89-95
    • Khanna, S.1    Pardi, D.S.2    Aronson, S.L.3
  • 25
    • 84871924185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile: A European perspective
    • Jones AM, Kuijper EJ, Wilcox MH. Clostridium difficile: A European perspective. J. Infect. 66, 115-128 (2013
    • (2013) J. Infect , vol.66 , pp. 115-128
    • Jones, A.M.1    Kuijper, E.J.2    Wilcox, M.H.3
  • 26
    • 67651097775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection in Ohio hospitals and nursing homes during 2006
    • Campbell RJ, Giljahn L, Machesky K et al. Clostridium difficile infection in Ohio hospitals and nursing homes during 2006. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30, 526-533 (2009
    • (2009) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 526-533
    • Campbell, R.J.1    Giljahn, L.2    MacHesky, K.3
  • 27
    • 84881414359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Protection Agency. Quarterly Epidemiological Commentary: Mandatory MRSA, MSSA and E. coli Bacteraemia, and C up to July-September 2012 Health Protection Agency, London, UK
    • Health Protection Agency. Quarterly Epidemiological Commentary: Mandatory MRSA, MSSA and E. coli Bacteraemia, and C. Difficile Infection Data (up to July-September 2012). Health Protection Agency, London, UK (2012
    • (2012) Difficile Infection Data
  • 28
    • 84866675037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection following the introduction of a national ribotyping-based surveillance scheme in England
    • Wilcox MH, Shetty N, Fawley WN et al. Changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection following the introduction of a national ribotyping-based surveillance scheme in England. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55, 1056-1063 (2012
    • (2012) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.55 , pp. 1056-1063
    • Wilcox, M.H.1    Shetty, N.2    Fawley, W.N.3
  • 29
    • 80455173556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host and pathogen factors for Clostridium difficile infection and colonization
    • Loo VG, Bourgault A-M, Poirier L et al. Host and pathogen factors for Clostridium difficile infection and colonization. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 1693-1703 (2011
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.365 , pp. 1693-1703
    • Loo, V.G.1    Bourgault, A.-M.2    Poirier, L.3
  • 30
    • 29144473282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease
    • Dial S, Delaney JA, Barkun AN, Suissa S. Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease. JAMA 294, 2989-2995 (2005
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2989-2995
    • Dial, S.1    Delaney, J.A.2    Barkun, A.N.3    Suissa, S.4
  • 31
    • 84874595139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Tleyjeh IM, Abdulhak AA, Riaz M et al. The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 8, e56498 (2013
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Tleyjeh, I.M.1    Abdulhak, A.A.2    Riaz, M.3
  • 32
    • 3142705643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: Cohort and case-control studies
    • Dial S, Alrasadi K, Manoukian C, Huang A, Menzies D. Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: Cohort and case-control studies. CMAJ 171, 33-38 (2004
    • (2004) CMAJ , vol.171 , pp. 33-38
    • Dial, S.1    Alrasadi, K.2    Manoukian, C.3    Huang, A.4    Menzies, D.5
  • 33
    • 84863496242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric acid suppression and outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection: A population-based study
    • Khanna S, Aronson SL, Kammer PP, Baddour LM, Pardi DS. Gastric acid suppression and outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection: A population-based study. Mayo Clin. Proc. 87, 636-642 (2012
    • (2012) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.87 , pp. 636-642
    • Khanna, S.1    Aronson, S.L.2    Kammer, P.P.3    Baddour, L.M.4    Pardi, D.S.5
  • 34
    • 34547635096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetative clostridium difficile survives in room air on moist surfaces and in gastric contents with reduced acidity: A potential mechanism to explain the association between proton pump inhibitors and C difficile-associated diarrhea? Antimicrob
    • Jump RLP, Pultz MJ, Donskey CJ. Vegetative Clostridium difficile survives in room air on moist surfaces and in gastric contents with reduced acidity: A potential mechanism to explain the association between proton pump inhibitors and C. difficile-associated diarrhea? Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 2883-2887 (2007
    • (2007) Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 2883-2887
    • Jump, R.L.P.1    Pultz, M.J.2    Donskey, C.J.3
  • 35
    • 70349328455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of potential mechanisms to explain the association between proton pump inhibitors and Clostridium difficile infection
    • Nerandzic MM, Pultz MJ, Donskey CJ. Examination of potential mechanisms to explain the association between proton pump inhibitors and Clostridium difficile infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 4133-4137 (2009
    • (2009) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 4133-4137
    • Nerandzic, M.M.1    Pultz, M.J.2    Donskey, C.J.3
  • 36
    • 84864411051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher rates of Clostridium difficile infection among smokers
    • Rogers MAM, Greene MT, Saint S et al. Higher rates of Clostridium difficile infection among smokers. PLoS ONE 7, e42091 (2012
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Rogers, M.A.M.1    Greene, M.T.2    Saint, S.3
  • 37
    • 79952458113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: No role for proton pump inhibitors
    • Naggie S, Miller BA, Zuzak KB et al. A case-control study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: No role for proton pump inhibitors. Am. J. Med. 124(3), 276.e1-7 (2011
    • (2011) Am. J. Med , vol.124 , Issue.3
    • Naggie, S.1    Miller, B.A.2    Zuzak, K.B.3
  • 38
    • 84867030101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin use and the risk of Clostridium difficile in academic medical centres
    • Motzkus-Feagans CA, Pakyz A, Polk R, Gambassi G, Lapane KL. Statin use and the risk of Clostridium difficile in academic medical centres. Gut 61, 1538-1542 (2012
    • (2012) Gut , vol.61 , pp. 1538-1542
    • Motzkus-Feagans, C.A.1    Pakyz, A.2    Polk, R.3    Gambassi, G.4    Lapane, K.L.5
  • 40
    • 84864094512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in uncooked ground meat products from pittsburgh Pennsylvania
    • Curry SR, Marsh JW, Schlackman JL, Harrison LH. Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in uncooked ground meat products from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 4183-4186 (2012
    • (2012) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.78 , pp. 4183-4186
    • Curry, S.R.1    Marsh, J.W.2    Schlackman, J.L.3    Harrison, L.H.4
  • 41
    • 84866289105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a consensus method for culture of clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of US retail meats
    • Limbago B, Thompson AD, Greene SA et al. Development of a consensus method for culture of Clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of US retail meats. Food Microbiol. 32, 448-451 (2012
    • (2012) Food Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 448-451
    • Limbago, B.1    Thompson, A.D.2    Greene, S.A.3
  • 44
    • 84859342352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental decontamination with ultraviolet radiation to prevent recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in 2 roommates in a long-term care facility
    • Sitzlar B, Vajravelu RK, Jury L, Donskey CJ, Jump RLP. Environmental decontamination with ultraviolet radiation to prevent recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in 2 roommates in a long-term care facility. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 33, 534-536 (2012
    • (2012) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 534-536
    • Sitzlar, B.1    Vajravelu, R.K.2    Jury, L.3    Donskey, C.J.4    Jump, R.L.P.5
  • 45
    • 84864692219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of spores on gloved hands after contact with the skin of patients with Clostridium difficile infection and with environmental surfaces in their rooms
    • Guerrero DM, Nerandzic MM, Jury LA, Jinno S, Chang S, Donskey CJ. Acquisition of spores on gloved hands after contact with the skin of patients with Clostridium difficile infection and with environmental surfaces in their rooms. Am. J. Infect. Control 40, 556-558 (2012
    • (2012) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.40 , pp. 556-558
    • Guerrero, D.M.1    Nerandzic, M.M.2    Jury, L.A.3    Jinno, S.4    Chang, S.5    Donskey, C.J.6
  • 48
    • 0037218534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for resistance to antimicrobial agents among nursing home residents
    • Loeb MB, Craven S, McGeer AJ et al. Risk factors for resistance to antimicrobial agents among nursing home residents. Am. J. Epidemiol. 157, 40 -47 (2003
    • (2003) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.157 , pp. 40-47
    • Loeb, M.B.1    Craven, S.2    McGeer, A.J.3
  • 49
    • 14844345680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of routine glove use and contact-isolation precautions to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a long-term care facility
    • Trick WE, Weinstein RA, DeMarais PL et al. Comparison of routine glove use and contact-isolation precautions to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a long-term care facility. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 52, 2003-2009 (2004
    • (2004) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc , vol.52 , pp. 2003-2009
    • Trick, W.E.1    Weinstein, R.A.2    Demarais, P.L.3
  • 50
    • 0035720369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic use in Ontario facilities that provide chronic care
    • Loeb M, Simor AE, Landry L et al. Antibiotic use in Ontario facilities that provide chronic care. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 16, 376-383 (2001
    • (2001) J. Gen. Intern. Med , vol.16 , pp. 376-383
    • Loeb, M.1    Simor, A.E.2    Landry, L.3
  • 52
    • 84873949243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another setting for stewardship: High rate of unnecessary antimicrobial use in a veterans affairs long-term care facility
    • Peron EP, Hirsch AA, Jury LA, Jump RLP, Donskey CJ. Another setting for stewardship: High rate of unnecessary antimicrobial use in a veterans affairs long-term care facility. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 61, 289-290 (2013
    • (2013) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc , vol.61 , pp. 289-290
    • Peron, E.P.1    Hirsch, A.A.2    Jury, L.A.3    Jump, R.L.P.4    Donskey, C.J.5
  • 53
    • 84868546746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we identify patients at high risk of recurrent clostridium difficile infection?
    • Kelly CP. Can we identify patients at high risk of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection? Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18(Suppl. 6), 21-27 (2012
    • (2012) Clin Microbiol. Infect , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 21-27
    • Kelly, C.P.1
  • 54
    • 0022493972 scopus 로고
    • An in-vitro model of colonisation resistance to clostridium difficile infection
    • Borriello SP, Barclay FE. An in-vitro model of colonisation resistance to Clostridium difficile infection. J. Med. Microbiol. 21, 299-309 (1986
    • (1986) J. Med. Microbiol , vol.21 , pp. 299-309
    • Borriello, S.P.1    Barclay, F.E.2
  • 55
    • 0036241355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and with Clostridium difficile infection
    • Hopkins MJ, Macfarlane GT. Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and with Clostridium difficile infection. J. Med. Microbiol. 51, 448-454 (2002
    • (2002) J. Med. Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 448-454
    • Hopkins, M.J.1    MacFarlane, G.T.2
  • 56
    • 84857434378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile carriage in elderly subjects and associated changes in the intestinal microbiota
    • Rea MC, O'Sullivan O, Shanahan F et al. Clostridium difficile carriage in elderly subjects and associated changes in the intestinal microbiota. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50, 867-875 (2012
    • (2012) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 867-875
    • Rea, M.C.1    O'Sullivan, O.2    Shanahan, F.3
  • 57
    • 77955602581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Through ageing, and beyond: Gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians
    • Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M et al. Through ageing, and beyond: Gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS ONE 5, e10667 (2010
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Biagi, E.1    Nylund, L.2    Candela, M.3
  • 58
    • 0032927506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with prolonged symptoms and severe disease due to Clostridium difficile
    • Kyne L, Merry C, O'Connell B, Kelly A, Keane C, O'Neill D. Factors associated with prolonged symptoms and severe disease due to Clostridium difficile. Age Ageing 28, 107-113 (1999
    • (1999) Age Ageing , vol.28 , pp. 107-113
    • Kyne, L.1    Merry, C.2    O'Connell, B.3    Kelly, A.4    Keane, C.5    O'Neill, D.6
  • 60
    • 32544446901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk - Four states 2005
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk - four states, 2005. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 54, 1201-1205 (2005
    • (2005) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep , vol.54 , pp. 1201-1205
  • 61
    • 63849154839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical risk factors for severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease
    • Henrich TJ, Krakower D, Bitton A, Yokoe DS. Clinical risk factors for severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15, 415-422 (2009
    • (2009) Emerg. Infect. Dis , vol.15 , pp. 415-422
    • Henrich, T.J.1    Krakower, D.2    Bitton, A.3    Yokoe, D.S.4
  • 63
    • 84873988578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on treatment outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection
    • Louie TJ, Miller MA, Crook DW et al. Effect of age on treatment outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 61, 222-230 (2013
    • (2013) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc , vol.61 , pp. 222-230
    • Louie, T.J.1    Miller, M.A.2    Crook, D.W.3
  • 64
    • 62949146399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for recurrent clostridium difficile infection
    • Hu MY, Katchar K, Kyne L et al. Prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology 136, 1206-1214 (2009
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.136 , pp. 1206-1214
    • Hu, M.Y.1    Katchar, K.2    Kyne, L.3
  • 65
    • 56249107224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent clostridium difficile infection
    • Garey KW, Sethi S, Yadav Y, DuPont HL. Meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. J. Hosp. Infect. 70, 298-304 (2008
    • (2008) J. Hosp. Infect , vol.70 , pp. 298-304
    • Garey, K.W.1    Sethi, S.2    Yadav, Y.3    Dupont, H.L.4
  • 66
    • 70649107673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (ESCMID): Treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI
    • Bauer MP, Kuijper EJ, Van Dissel JT. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID): Treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 15, 1067-1079 (2009
    • (2009) Clin. Microbiol. Infect , vol.15 , pp. 1067-1079
    • Bauer, M.P.1    Kuijper, E.J.2    Van Dissel, J.T.3
  • 67
    • 63849137196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection in the 'oldest' old: Clinical outcomes in patients aged 80 and older
    • Cober ED, Malani PN. Clostridium difficile infection in the 'oldest' old: Clinical outcomes in patients aged 80 and older. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 57, 659-662 (2009
    • (2009) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc , vol.57 , pp. 659-662
    • Cober, E.D.1    Malani, P.N.2
  • 68
    • 78049517194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new macrocyclic antibiotic, fidaxomicin (OPT-80), causes less alteration to the bowel microbiota of Clostridium difficile-infected patients than does vancomycin
    • Tannock GW, Munro K, Taylor C et al. A new macrocyclic antibiotic, fidaxomicin (OPT-80), causes less alteration to the bowel microbiota of Clostridium difficile-infected patients than does vancomycin. Microbiology 156, 3354-3359 (2010
    • (2010) Microbiology , vol.156 , pp. 3354-3359
    • Tannock, G.W.1    Munro, K.2    Taylor, C.3
  • 69
    • 79551527297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection
    • Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 422-431 (2011
    • (2011) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.364 , pp. 422-431
    • Louie, T.J.1    Miller, M.A.2    Mullane, K.M.3
  • 70
    • 84863923754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased cure and increased recurrence rates for clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic c
    • Petrella LA, Sambol SP, Cheknis A et al. Decreased cure and increased recurrence rates for Clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic C. difficile BI strain. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55, 351-357 (2012
    • (2012) Difficile BI Strain. Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.55 , pp. 351-357
    • Petrella, L.A.1    Sambol, S.P.2    Cheknis, A.3
  • 71
    • 0037373020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: Case series involving 18 patients treated with donor stool administered via a nasogastric tube
    • Aas J, Gessert CE, Bakken JS. Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: Case series involving 18 patients treated with donor stool administered via a nasogastric tube. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36, 580-585 (2003
    • (2003) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.36 , pp. 580-585
    • Aas, J.1    Gessert, C.E.2    Bakken, J.S.3
  • 72
    • 80054736926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent clostridium difficile infection
    • Gough E, Shaikh H, Manges AR. Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53, 994-1002 (2011
    • (2011) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.53 , pp. 994-1002
    • Gough, E.1    Shaikh, H.2    Manges, A.R.3
  • 73
    • 84873019302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile
    • Van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 407-415 (2013
    • (2013) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.368 , pp. 407-415
    • Van Nood, E.1    Vrieze, A.2    Nieuwdorp, M.3
  • 74
    • 71549117656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stool transplantation for older patients with Clostridium difficile infection
    • Rubin TA, Gessert CE, Aas J. Stool transplantation for older patients with Clostridium difficile infection. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 57, 2386 (2009
    • (2009) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc , vol.57 , pp. 2386
    • Rubin, T.A.1    Gessert, C.E.2    Aas, J.3
  • 75
    • 77951865062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing transmission of Clostridium difficile: Is the answer blowing in the wind?
    • Donskey CJ. Preventing transmission of Clostridium difficile: Is the answer blowing in the wind? Clin. Infect. Dis. 50, 1458-1461 (2010
    • (2010) Clin Infect. Dis , vol.50 , pp. 1458-1461
    • Donskey, C.J.1
  • 76
    • 79952411060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of hospital room assignment and acquisition of clostridium difficile infection
    • Shaughnessy MK, Micielli RL, DePestel DD et al. Evaluation of hospital room assignment and acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 32, 201-206 (2011
    • (2011) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 201-206
    • Shaughnessy, M.K.1    Micielli, R.L.2    Depestel, D.D.3
  • 78
    • 84878850993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of hospital-wide enhanced terminal cleaning of targeted patient rooms and its impact on endemic clostridium difficile infection rates
    • Manian FA, Griesnauer S, Bryant A. Implementation of hospital-wide enhanced terminal cleaning of targeted patient rooms and its impact on endemic Clostridium difficile infection rates. Am. J. Infect. Control. 41, 537-541 (2013
    • (2013) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.41 , pp. 537-541
    • Manian, F.A.1    Griesnauer, S.2    Bryant, A.3
  • 79
    • 84861497721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the national cleanyourhands campaign to reduce staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in england and wales by improved hand hygiene: Four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study
    • Stone SP, Fuller C, Savage J et al. Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: Four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study. BMJ 344, e3005 (2012
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344
    • Stone, S.P.1    Fuller, C.2    Savage, J.3
  • 80
    • 33846153776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship
    • Dellit TH, Owens RC, McGowan JE et al Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44, 159-177 (2007
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.44 , pp. 159-177
    • Dellit, T.H.1    Owens, R.C.2    McGowan, J.E.3
  • 81
    • 33646848951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial stewardship
    • Fishman NO. Antimicrobial Stewardship. Am. J. Med. 119, S53-S61 (2006
    • (2006) Am. J Med , vol.119
    • Fishman, N.O.1
  • 82
    • 0032694488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An antibiotic policy associated with reduced risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea
    • Ludlam H, Brown N, Sule O, Redpath C, Coni N, Owen G. An antibiotic policy associated with reduced risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Age Ageing 28, 578-580 (1999
    • (1999) Age Ageing , vol.28 , pp. 578-580
    • Ludlam, H.1    Brown, N.2    Sule, O.3    Redpath, C.4    Coni, N.5    Owen, G.6
  • 83
    • 34548267536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a reduction in the use of high-risk antibiotics on the course of an epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated disease caused by the hypervirulent NAP1/027 strain
    • Valiquette L, Cossette B, Garant M-P, Diab H, Pépin J. Impact of a reduction in the use of high-risk antibiotics on the course of an epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated disease caused by the hypervirulent NAP1/027 strain. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(Suppl. 2), S112-S121 (2007
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Valiquette, L.1    Cossette, B.2    Garant, M.-P.3    Diab, H.4    Pépin, J.5
  • 84
    • 79952404778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multihospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infection: Epidemiology and analysis of control measures
    • Aldeyab MA, Devine MJ, Flanagan P et al. Multihospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infection: Epidemiology and analysis of control measures. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 32, 210-219 (2011
    • (2011) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 210-219
    • Aldeyab, M.A.1    Devine, M.J.2    Flanagan, P.3
  • 85
    • 84869193638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective antimicrobial stewardship in a long-term care facility through an infectious disease consultation service: Keeping a lid on antibiotic use
    • Jump RLP, Olds DM, Seifi N et al. Effective antimicrobial stewardship in a long-term care facility through an infectious disease consultation service: Keeping a lid on antibiotic use. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 33, 1185-1192 (2012
    • (2012) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 1185-1192
    • Jump, R.L.P.1    Olds, D.M.2    Seifi, N.3
  • 86
    • 84875043560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician attitudes toward the use of fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a metropolitan area
    • Jiang Z-D, Hoang LN, Lasco TM, Garey KW, DuPont HL. Physician attitudes toward the use of fecal transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a metropolitan area. Clin. Infect. Dis. 56, 1059-1060 (2013
    • (2013) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.56 , pp. 1059-1060
    • Jiang, Z.-D.1    Hoang, L.N.2    Lasco, T.M.3    Garey, K.W.4    Dupont, H.L.5
  • 87
    • 84875952150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of clostridium difficile infections
    • Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 108, 478-498 (2013
    • (2013) Am. J. Gastroenterol , vol.108 , pp. 478-498
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    Brandt, L.J.2    Binion, D.G.3
  • 88
    • 84868158515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted restoration of the intestinal microbiota with a simple, defined bacteriotherapy resolves relapsing Clostridium difficile disease in mice
    • Lawley TD, Clare S, Walker AW et al. Targeted restoration of the intestinal microbiota with a simple, defined bacteriotherapy resolves relapsing Clostridium difficile disease in mice. PLoS Pathog. 8, e1002995 (2012
    • (2012) PLoS Pathog , vol.8
    • Lawley, T.D.1    Clare, S.2    Walker, A.W.3
  • 89
    • 20244383137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in recurrent C difficile-associated diarrhea
    • Sougioultzis S, Kyne L, Drudy D et al. Clostridium difficile toxoid vaccine in recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Gastroenterology 128, 764-770 (2005
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 764-770
    • Sougioultzis, S.1    Kyne, L.2    Drudy, D.3
  • 90
    • 84860605588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection prevention: Biotherapeutics, immunologics, and vaccines
    • Gerding DN. Clostridium difficile infection prevention: Biotherapeutics, immunologics, and vaccines. Discov. Med. 13, 75-83 (2012
    • (2012) Discov. Med , vol.13 , pp. 75-83
    • Gerding, D.N.1
  • 91
    • 84874866683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic health record-based detection of risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection relapse
    • Hebert C, Du H, Peterson LR, Robicsek A. Electronic health record-based detection of risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection relapse. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol. 34, 407-414 (2013
    • (2013) Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 407-414
    • Hebert, C.1    Du, H.2    Peterson, L.R.3    Robicsek, A.4
  • 92
    • 84863651274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: Implications for initial management
    • Eyre DW, Walker AS, Wyllie D, et al. Predictors of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: Implications for initial management. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55(Suppl. 2), S77-S87 (2012
    • (2012) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Eyre, D.W.1    Walker, A.S.2    Wyllie, D.3
  • 93
    • 40449114824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile - Associated disease in a setting of endemicity: Identification of novel risk factors
    • Dubberke ER, Reske KA, Yan Y, Olsen MA, McDonald LC, Fraser VJ. Clostridium difficile - Associated disease in a setting of endemicity: Identification of novel risk factors. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45, 1543-1549 (2007
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.45 , pp. 1543-1549
    • Dubberke, E.R.1    Reske, K.A.2    Yan, Y.3    Olsen, M.A.4    McDonald, L.C.5    Fraser, V.J.6
  • 94
    • 77952155563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection
    • Howell MD NV. Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Arch. Intern. Med. 170, 784-790 (2010
    • (2010) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.170 , pp. 784-790
    • Howell, M.D.N.V.1
  • 96
    • 84863742189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated disease
    • Suissa D, Delaney JAC, Dial S, Brassard P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 74, 370-375 (2012
    • (2012) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.74 , pp. 370-375
    • Suissa, D.1    Delaney, J.A.C.2    Dial, S.3    Brassard, P.4
  • 97
    • 70049084784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes of Clostridium difficile-associated disease among patients on prolonged acute mechanical ventilation
    • Zilberberg MD, Nathanson BH, Sadigov S, Higgins TL, Kollef MH, Shorr AF. Epidemiology and outcomes of Clostridium difficile-associated disease among patients on prolonged acute mechanical ventilation. Chest 136, 752-758 (2009
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 752-758
    • Zilberberg, M.D.1    Nathanson, B.H.2    Sadigov, S.3    Higgins, T.L.4    Kollef, M.H.5    Shorr, A.F.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.