Effect of age on treatment outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 222-230

  Louie, Thomas J ^a   Miller, Mark A ^b   Crook, Derrick W ^c   Lentnek, Arnold ^d   Bernard, Louis ^e   High, Kevin P ^f   Shue, Youe Kong ^g   Gorbach, Sherwood L ^g,h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d Wellstar Infectious Disease   (United States)

^e CHU BRETONNEAU   (France)

^f WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g Optimer Pharmaceuticals Inc   (United States)

^h TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

advancing age; Clostridium difficile; fidaxomicin; response to treatment

Indexed keywords

FIDAXOMICIN; METRONIDAZOLE; VANCOMYCIN;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BODY MASS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EXPOSURE; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPOALBUMINEMIA; KIDNEY FAILURE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREDICTIVE VALUE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT INFECTION; RISK REDUCTION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RECURRENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84873988578     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12090     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB,. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12: 409-415.
2. Miller M, Gravel D, Mulvey M, et al. Health care-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Canada: Patient age and infecting strain type are highly predictive of severe outcome and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 194-201.
3. Pepin J, Valiquette L, Cossette B,. Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec. Can Med Assoc J 2005; 173: 1037-1042.
4. Simor AE,. Diagnosis, management, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities: A review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58: 1556-1564.
5. Cober ED, Malani PN,. Clostridium difficile infection in the "oldest" old: Clinical outcomes in patients aged 80 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57: 659-662.
6. Clostridium Difficile-Associated Disease in US Hospitals, 1993-2005 (HCUP Statistical Brief #50), 2008 [on-line]. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available at http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/ statbriefs/sb50.pdf Accessed October 6, 2010.
7. Dubberke ER, Reske KA, Olsen MA, et al. Short- and long-term attributable costs of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical inpatients. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 497-504.
8. Ghantoji SS, Sail K, Lairson DR, et al. Economic healthcare costs of Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2010; 74: 309-318.
9. Karas JA, Enoch DA, Aliyu SH,. A review of mortality due to Clostridium difficile infection. J Infect 2010; 61: 1-8.
10. Kyne L, Hamel MB, Polavaram R, et al. Health care costs and mortality associated with nosocomial diarrhea due to Clostridium difficile. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 346-353.
11. Bauer MP, Kuijper EJ, van Dissel JT,. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID): Treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15: 1067-1079.
12. Belmares J, Gerding DN, Tillotson G, et al. Measuring the severity of Clostridium difficile infection: Implications for management and drug development. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008; 6: 897-908.
13. Henrich TJ, Krakower D, Bitton A, et al. Clinical risk factors for severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15: 415-422.
14. Rubin MS, Bodenstein LE, Kent KC,. Severe Clostridium difficile colitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1995; 38: 350-354.
15. Zar FA, Bakkanagari SR, Moorthi KM, et al. A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 302-307.
16. Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31: 431-455.
17. Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM, et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 422-431.
18. Crook D, Weiss K, Cornely O, et al. Randomized Clinical Trial in Clostridium Difficile Infection Confirms Equivalent Rate and Lower Recurrence Rate of Fidaxomicin Versus Vancomycin. Poster LB 2401. 20th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Vienna, Austria, 2010.
19. Tannock GW, Munro K, Taylor C, et al. A new macrocyclic antibiotic, fidaxomicin (OPT-80), causes less alteration to the bowel microbiota of Clostridium difficile-infected patients than does vancomycin. Microbiology 2010; 156 (Pt 11): 3354-3359.
20. Louie T, Cannon K, Byrne B, et al. Fidaxomicin preserves the intestinal microbiome during and after treatment of Clostridium difficile infection and reduces both toxin reexpression and recurrence of CDI. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55: S132-S142.
21. Killgore G, Thompson A, Johnson S, et al. Comparison of seven techniques for typing international epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile: Restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR-ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and surface layer protein A gene sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 431-437.
22. Kim KH, Fekety R, Batts DH, et al. Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the environment and contacts of patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. J Infect Dis 1981; 143: 42-50.
23. Rupnik M, Wilcox MH, Gerding DN,. Clostridium difficile infection: New developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7: 526-536.
24. Freeman J, Bauer MP, Baines SD, et al. The changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23: 529-549.
25. Khanna S, Pardi DS,. The growing incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection in inpatient and outpatient settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4: 409-416.
26. Howell MD, Novack V, Grgurich P, et al. Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 784-790.
27. Dalton BR, Lye-Maccannell T, Henderson EA, et al. Proton pump inhibitors increase significantly the risk of Clostridium difficile infection in a low-endemicity, non-outbreak hospital setting. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29: 626-634.
28. Kelly CP, Kyne L,. The host immune response to Clostridium difficile. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60: 1070-1079.
29. Bartosch S, Fite A, Macfarlane GT, et al. Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70: 3575-3581.
30. Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, et al. Through ageing, and beyond: Gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS ONE 2010; 5: e10667.
31. Enck P, Zimmermann K, Rusch K, et al. The effects of ageing on the colonic bacterial microflora in adults. Z Gastroenterol 2009; 47: 653-658.
32. Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F, et al. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9: 123.
33. Woodmansey EJ,. Intestinal bacteria and ageing. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102: 1178-1186.
34. Mullane KM, Miller MA, Weiss K, et al. Efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin as therapy for Clostridium difficile infection in individuals taking concomitant antibiotics for other concurrent infections. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53: 440-447.
35. Pepin J, Saheb N, Coulombe MA, et al. Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: A cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 1254-1260.
36. Pepin J, Valiquette L, Alary ME, et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: A changing pattern of disease severity. Can Med Assoc J 2004; 171: 466-472.
37. Sansoni P, Vescovini R, Fagnoni F, et al. The immune system in extreme longevity. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43: 61-65.
38. Biagi E, Candela M, Fairweather-Tait S, et al. Ageing of the human metaorganism: The microbial counterpart. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34: 247-267.
39. Aspinall R, Andrew D,. Thymic involution in aging. J Clin Immunol 2000; 20: 250-256.
40. Hsu HC, Mountz JD,. Metabolic syndrome, hormones, and maintenance of T cells during aging. Curr Opin Immunol 2000; 22: 541-548.
41. Almanzar G, Schwaiger S, Jenewein B, et al. Long-term cytomegalovirus infection leads to significant changes in the composition of the CD8+ T-cell repertoire, which may be the basis for an imbalance in the cytokine production profile in elderly persons. J Virol 2005; 79: 3675-3683.
42. Moro-Garcia MA, Alonso-Arias R, Lopez-Vazquez A, et al. Relationship between functional ability in older people, immune system status, and intensity of response to CMV. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34: 479-495.