-
1
-
-
0032545933
-
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
-
Fire A, Xu S, Montgomery MK, Kostas SA, Driver SE, Mello CC. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 391, 806-811 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.391
, pp. 806-811
-
-
Fire, A.1
Xu, S.2
Montgomery, M.K.3
Kostas, S.A.4
Driver, S.E.5
Mello, C.C.6
-
2
-
-
58749104364
-
The promises and pitfalls of RNA-interference-based therapeutics
-
Castanotto D, Rossi JJ. The promises and pitfalls of RNA-interference- based therapeutics. Nature, 457, 426-433 (2009).
-
(2009)
Nature
, vol.457
, pp. 426-433
-
-
Castanotto, D.1
Rossi, J.J.2
-
3
-
-
36849044732
-
Nonviral delivery of synthetic siRNAs in vivo
-
Akhtar S, Benter IF. Nonviral delivery of synthetic siRNAs in vivo. J. Clin. Invest., 117, 3623-3632 (2007).
-
(2007)
J. Clin. Invest.
, vol.117
, pp. 3623-3632
-
-
Akhtar, S.1
Benter, I.F.2
-
4
-
-
33746070441
-
Intravenously administered short interfering RNA accumulates in the kidney and selectively suppresses gene function in renal proximal tubules
-
van de Water FM, Boerman OC, Wouterse AC, Peters JG, Russel FG, Masereeuw R. Intravenously administered short interfering RNA accumulates in the kidney and selectively suppresses gene function in renal proximal tubules. Drug Metab. Dispos., 34, 1393-1397 (2006).
-
(2006)
Drug Metab. Dispos.
, vol.34
, pp. 1393-1397
-
-
Van De Water, F.M.1
Boerman, O.C.2
Wouterse, A.C.3
Peters, J.G.4
Russel, F.G.5
Masereeuw, R.6
-
5
-
-
33746883220
-
A novel siRNA-lipoplex technology for RNA interference in the mouse vascular endothelium
-
Santel A, Aleku M, Keil O, Endruschat J, Esche V, Fisch G, Dames S, Löffler K, Fechtner M, Arnold W, Giese K, Klippel A, Kaufmann J. A novel siRNA-lipoplex technology for RNA interference in the mouse vascular endothelium. Gene Ther., 13, 1222-1234 (2006).
-
(2006)
Gene Ther.
, vol.13
, pp. 1222-1234
-
-
Santel, A.1
Aleku, M.2
Keil, O.3
Endruschat, J.4
Esche, V.5
Fisch, G.6
Dames, S.7
Löffler, K.8
Fechtner, M.9
Arnold, W.10
Giese, K.11
Klippel, A.12
Kaufmann, J.13
-
6
-
-
33645533269
-
Improvements in siRNA properties mediated by 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d- arabinonucleic acid (FANA)
-
Dowler T, Bergeron D, Tedeschi AL, Paquet L, Ferrari N, Damha MJ. Improvements in siRNA properties mediated by 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d- arabinonucleic acid (FANA). Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 1669-1675 (2006).
-
(2006)
Nucleic Acids Res.
, vol.34
, pp. 1669-1675
-
-
Dowler, T.1
Bergeron, D.2
Tedeschi, A.L.3
Paquet, L.4
Ferrari, N.5
Damha, M.J.6
-
7
-
-
22344454846
-
Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA
-
Judge AD, Sood V, Shaw JR, Fang D, McClintock K, MacLachlan I. Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA. Nat. Biotechnol., 23, 457-462 (2005).
-
(2005)
Nat. Biotechnol.
, vol.23
, pp. 457-462
-
-
Judge, A.D.1
Sood, V.2
Shaw, J.R.3
Fang, D.4
McClintock, K.5
Maclachlan, I.6
-
8
-
-
1642291631
-
Small interfering RNA targeting heme oxygenase-1 enhances ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung apoptosis
-
Zhang X, Shan P, Jiang D, Noble PW, Abraham NG, Kappas A, Lee PJ. Small interfering RNA targeting heme oxygenase-1 enhances ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 10677-10684 (2004).
-
(2004)
J. Biol. Chem.
, vol.279
, pp. 10677-10684
-
-
Zhang, X.1
Shan, P.2
Jiang, D.3
Noble, P.W.4
Abraham, N.G.5
Kappas, A.6
Lee, P.J.7
-
9
-
-
13444262170
-
Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA
-
Bitko V, Musiyenko A, Shulyayeva O, Barik S. Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA. Nat. Med., 11, 50-55 (2005).
-
(2005)
Nat. Med.
, vol.11
, pp. 50-55
-
-
Bitko, V.1
Musiyenko, A.2
Shulyayeva, O.3
Barik, S.4
-
10
-
-
24744466699
-
Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque
-
Li BJ, Tang Q, Cheng D, Qin C, Xie FY, Wei Q, Xu J, Liu Y, Zheng BJ, Woodle MC, Zhong N, Lu PY. Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque. Nat. Med., 11, 944-951 (2005).
-
(2005)
Nat. Med.
, vol.11
, pp. 944-951
-
-
Li, B.J.1
Tang, Q.2
Cheng, D.3
Qin, C.4
Xie, F.Y.5
Wei, Q.6
Xu, J.7
Liu, Y.8
Zheng, B.J.9
Woodle, M.C.10
Zhong, N.11
Lu, P.Y.12
-
11
-
-
33748054817
-
RNA interference in vitro and in vivo using a novel chitosan/ siRNA nanoparticle system
-
Howard KA, Rahbek UL, Liu X, Damgaard CK, Glud SZ, Andersen MØ, Hovgaard MB, Schmitz A, Nyengaard JR, Besenbacher F, Kjems J. RNA interference in vitro and in vivo using a novel chitosan/ siRNA nanoparticle system. Mol. Ther., 14, 476-484 (2006).
-
(2006)
Mol. Ther.
, vol.14
, pp. 476-484
-
-
Howard, K.A.1
Rahbek, U.L.2
Liu, X.3
Damgaard, C.K.4
Glud, S.Z.5
Mø, A.6
Hovgaard, M.B.7
Schmitz, A.8
Nyengaard, J.R.9
Besenbacher, F.10
Kjems, J.11
-
12
-
-
51049084639
-
Inhalable siRNA: Potential as a therapeutic agent in the lungs
-
Durcan N, Murphy C, Cryan SA. Inhalable siRNA: potential as a therapeutic agent in the lungs. Mol. Pharm., 5, 559-566 (2008).
-
(2008)
Mol. Pharm.
, vol.5
, pp. 559-566
-
-
Durcan, N.1
Murphy, C.2
Cryan, S.A.3
-
13
-
-
0344513087
-
Pulmonary drug delivery. Part I: Physiological factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications
-
Labiris NR, Dolovich MB. Pulmonary drug delivery. Part I: Physiological factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 56, 588-599 (2003).
-
(2003)
Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.
, vol.56
, pp. 588-599
-
-
Labiris, N.R.1
Dolovich, M.B.2
-
14
-
-
33847127477
-
Particle engineering for pulmonary drug delivery
-
Chow AH, Tong HH, Chattopadhyay P, Shekunov BY. Particle engineering for pulmonary drug delivery. Pharm. Res., 24, 411-437 (2007).
-
(2007)
Pharm. Res.
, vol.24
, pp. 411-437
-
-
Chow, A.H.1
Tong, H.H.2
Chattopadhyay, P.3
Shekunov, B.Y.4
-
15
-
-
76749153731
-
Spray drying of siRNA-containing PLGA nanoparticles intended for inhalation
-
Jensen DM, Cun D, Maltesen MJ, Frokjaer S, Nielsen HM, Foged C. Spray drying of siRNA-containing PLGA nanoparticles intended for inhalation. J. Control. Release, 142, 138-145 (2010).
-
(2010)
J. Control. Release
, vol.142
, pp. 138-145
-
-
Jensen, D.M.1
Cun, D.2
Maltesen, M.J.3
Frokjaer, S.4
Nielsen, H.M.5
Foged, C.6
-
16
-
-
51449095971
-
Effect of lyophilization and freeze-thawing on the stability of siRNA-liposome complexes
-
Yadava P, Gibbs M, Castro C, Hughes JA. Effect of lyophilization and freeze-thawing on the stability of siRNA-liposome complexes. AAPS PharmSciTech, 9, 335-341 (2008).
-
(2008)
AAPS PharmSciTech
, vol.9
, pp. 335-341
-
-
Yadava, P.1
Gibbs, M.2
Castro, C.3
Hughes, J.A.4
-
17
-
-
0032409969
-
Supercritical fluid processing of materials from aqueous solutions: The application of SEDS to lactose as a model substance
-
Palakodaty S, York P, Pritchard J. Supercritical fluid processing of materials from aqueous solutions: the application of SEDS to lactose as a model substance. Pharm. Res., 15, 1835-1843 (1998).
-
(1998)
Pharm. Res.
, vol.15
, pp. 1835-1843
-
-
Palakodaty, S.1
York, P.2
Pritchard, J.3
-
18
-
-
0030918086
-
Micronizing of steroids for pulmonary delivery by supercritical carbon dioxide
-
Steckel H, Thies J, Muller BW. Micronizing of steroids for pulmonary delivery by supercritical carbon dioxide. Int. J. Pharm., 152, 99-110 (1997).
-
(1997)
Int. J. Pharm.
, vol.152
, pp. 99-110
-
-
Steckel, H.1
Thies, J.2
Muller, B.W.3
-
19
-
-
0027909016
-
Formation of microparticulate protein powder using a supercritical fluid antisolvent
-
Yeo SD, Lim GB, Debendetti PG, Bernstein H. Formation of microparticulate protein powder using a supercritical fluid antisolvent. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 41, 341-346 (1993).
-
(1993)
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
, vol.41
, pp. 341-346
-
-
Yeo, S.D.1
Lim, G.B.2
Debendetti, P.G.3
Bernstein, H.4
-
20
-
-
0029096692
-
Polymeric microspheres prepared by spraying into compressed carbon dioxide
-
Bodmeier R, Wang H, Dixon DJ, Mawson S, Johnston KP. Polymeric microspheres prepared by spraying into compressed carbon dioxide. Pharm. Res., 12, 1211-1217 (1995).
-
(1995)
Pharm. Res.
, vol.12
, pp. 1211-1217
-
-
Bodmeier, R.1
Wang, H.2
Dixon, D.J.3
Mawson, S.4
Johnston, K.P.5
-
21
-
-
0030846528
-
Preparation of liposomes encapsulating water-soluble compounds using supercritical carbon dioxide
-
Frederiksen L, Anton K, van Hoogevest P, Keller HR, Leuenberger H. Preparation of liposomes encapsulating water-soluble compounds using supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 921-928 (1997).
-
(1997)
J. Pharm. Sci.
, vol.86
, pp. 921-928
-
-
Frederiksen, L.1
Anton, K.2
Van Hoogevest, P.3
Keller, H.R.4
Leuenberger, H.5
-
22
-
-
49549099754
-
Preparation of active proteins, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as fine powders using supercritical or near-critical fluids
-
Cape SP, Villa JA, Huang ET, Yang TH, Carpenter JF, Sievers RE. Preparation of active proteins, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as fine powders using supercritical or near-critical fluids. Pharm. Res., 25, 1967-1990 (2008).
-
(2008)
Pharm. Res.
, vol.25
, pp. 1967-1990
-
-
Cape, S.P.1
Villa, J.A.2
Huang, E.T.3
Yang, T.H.4
Carpenter, J.F.5
Sievers, R.E.6
-
23
-
-
21644437615
-
Stabilization of proteins in dry powder formulations using supercritical fluid technology
-
Jovanovic N, Bouchard A, Hofland GW, Witkamp GJ, Crommelin DJ, Jiskoot W. Stabilization of proteins in dry powder formulations using supercritical fluid technology. Pharm. Res., 21, 1955-1969 (2004).
-
(2004)
Pharm. Res.
, vol.21
, pp. 1955-1969
-
-
Jovanovic, N.1
Bouchard, A.2
Hofland, G.W.3
Witkamp, G.J.4
Crommelin, D.J.5
Jiskoot, W.6
-
24
-
-
38949106175
-
Application of supercritical fluid to preparation of powders of high-molecular weight drugs for inhalation
-
Okamoto H, Danjo K. Application of supercritical fluid to preparation of powders of high-molecular weight drugs for inhalation. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 60, 433-446 (2008).
-
(2008)
Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
, vol.60
, pp. 433-446
-
-
Okamoto, H.1
Danjo, K.2
-
25
-
-
0035808159
-
The formation of plasmid DNA loaded pharmaceutical powders using supercritical fluid technology
-
Tservistas M, Levy MS, Lo-Yim MY, O'Kennedy RD, York P, Humphrey GO, Hoare M. The formation of plasmid DNA loaded pharmaceutical powders using supercritical fluid technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 72, 12-18 (2001).
-
(2001)
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
, vol.72
, pp. 12-18
-
-
Tservistas, M.1
Levy, M.S.2
Lo-Yim, M.Y.3
O'Kennedy, R.D.4
York, P.5
Humphrey, G.O.6
Hoare, M.7
-
26
-
-
0037309687
-
Pulmonary gene delivery by chitosan-pDNA complex powder prepared by a supercritical carbon dioxide process
-
Okamoto H, Nishida S, Todo H, Sakakura Y, Iida K, Danjo K. Pulmonary gene delivery by chitosan-pDNA complex powder prepared by a supercritical carbon dioxide process. J. Pharm. Sci., 92, 371-380 (2003).
-
(2003)
J. Pharm. Sci.
, vol.92
, pp. 371-380
-
-
Okamoto, H.1
Nishida, S.2
Todo, H.3
Sakakura, Y.4
Iida, K.5
Danjo, K.6
-
27
-
-
12344298504
-
Stability of chitosan-pDNA complex powder prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide process
-
Okamoto H, Sakakura Y, Shiraki K, Oka K, Nishida S, Todo H, Iida K, Danjo K. Stability of chitosan-pDNA complex powder prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide process. Int. J. Pharm., 290, 73-81 (2005).
-
(2005)
Int. J. Pharm.
, vol.290
, pp. 73-81
-
-
Okamoto, H.1
Sakakura, Y.2
Shiraki, K.3
Oka, K.4
Nishida, S.5
Todo, H.6
Iida, K.7
Danjo, K.8
-
28
-
-
60649098297
-
Dual imaging of pulmonary delivery and gene expression of dry powder inhalant by fluorescence and bioluminescence
-
Mizuno T, Mohri K, Nasu S, Danjo K, Okamoto H. Dual imaging of pulmonary delivery and gene expression of dry powder inhalant by fluorescence and bioluminescence. J. Control. Release, 134, 149-154 (2009).
-
(2009)
J. Control. Release
, vol.134
, pp. 149-154
-
-
Mizuno, T.1
Mohri, K.2
Nasu, S.3
Danjo, K.4
Okamoto, H.5
-
29
-
-
79952986481
-
Chitosan-interferon-β gene complex powder for inhalation treatment of lung metastasis in mice
-
Okamoto H, Shiraki K, Yasuda R, Danjo K, Watanabe Y. Chitosan-interferon- β gene complex powder for inhalation treatment of lung metastasis in mice. J. Control. Release, 150, 187-195 (2011).
-
(2011)
J. Control. Release
, vol.150
, pp. 187-195
-
-
Okamoto, H.1
Shiraki, K.2
Yasuda, R.3
Danjo, K.4
Watanabe, Y.5
-
30
-
-
0029055776
-
Susceptibility of insulin to proteolysis in rat lung homogenate and its protection from proteolysis by various protease inhibitors
-
Fukuda Y, Tsuji T, Fujita T, Yamamoto A, Muranishi S. Susceptibility of insulin to proteolysis in rat lung homogenate and its protection from proteolysis by various protease inhibitors. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 18, 891-894 (1995).
-
(1995)
Biol. Pharm. Bull.
, vol.18
, pp. 891-894
-
-
Fukuda, Y.1
Tsuji, T.2
Fujita, T.3
Yamamoto, A.4
Muranishi, S.5
-
31
-
-
0344012511
-
Improvement of insulin absorption from intratracheally administrated dry powder prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide process
-
Todo H, Iida K, Okamoto H, Danjo K. Improvement of insulin absorption from intratracheally administrated dry powder prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide process. J. Pharm. Sci., 92, 2475-2486 (2003).
-
(2003)
J. Pharm. Sci.
, vol.92
, pp. 2475-2486
-
-
Todo, H.1
Iida, K.2
Okamoto, H.3
Danjo, K.4
-
32
-
-
0035675364
-
Electrophoretic light scattering studies of chitosans with different degrees of Nacetylation
-
Strand SP, Tømmeraas K, Vårum KM, Østgaard K. Electrophoretic light scattering studies of chitosans with different degrees of Nacetylation. Biomacromolecules, 2, 1310-1314 (2001).
-
(2001)
Biomacromolecules
, vol.2
, pp. 1310-1314
-
-
Strand, S.P.1
Tømmeraas, K.2
Vårum, K.M.3
østgaard, K.4
-
33
-
-
1042292677
-
Preparation of DNA dry powder for non-viral gene delivery by spray-freeze drying: Effect of protective agents (polyethyleneimine and sugars) on the stability of DNA
-
Kuo JH, Hwang R. Preparation of DNA dry powder for non-viral gene delivery by spray-freeze drying: effect of protective agents (polyethyleneimine and sugars) on the stability of DNA. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 56, 27-33 (2004).
-
(2004)
J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
, vol.56
, pp. 27-33
-
-
Kuo, J.H.1
Hwang, R.2
-
34
-
-
78349271298
-
Polycation structure mediates expression of lyophilized polycation/pDNA complexes
-
Hahn LD, Kong H, Mooney DJ. Polycation structure mediates expression of lyophilized polycation/pDNA complexes. Macromol. Biosci., 10, 1210-1215 (2010).
-
(2010)
Macromol. Biosci.
, vol.10
, pp. 1210-1215
-
-
Hahn, L.D.1
Kong, H.2
Mooney, D.J.3
-
35
-
-
68249122805
-
Nonviral siRNA delivery to the lung: Investigation of PEG-PEI polyplexes and their in vivo performance
-
Merkel OM, Beyerle A, Librizzi D, Pfestroff A, Behr TM, Sproat B, Barth PJ, Kissel T. Nonviral siRNA delivery to the lung: investigation of PEG-PEI polyplexes and their in vivo performance. Mol. Pharm., 6, 1246-1260 (2009).
-
(2009)
Mol. Pharm.
, vol.6
, pp. 1246-1260
-
-
Merkel, O.M.1
Beyerle, A.2
Librizzi, D.3
Pfestroff, A.4
Behr, T.M.5
Sproat, B.6
Barth, P.J.7
Kissel, T.8
-
36
-
-
0035914224
-
Absorption of water-soluble compounds with different molecular weights and [Asu1.7] eel calcitonin from various mucosal administration site
-
Yamamoto A, Iseki T, Ochi-Sugiyama M, Okada N, Fujita T, Muranishi S. Absorption of water-soluble compounds with different molecular weights and [Asu1.7]-eel calcitonin from various mucosal administration site. J. Control. Release, 76, 363-374 (2001).
-
(2001)
J. Control. Release
, vol.76
, pp. 363-374
-
-
Yamamoto, A.1
Iseki, T.2
Ochi-Sugiyama, M.3
Okada, N.4
Fujita, T.5
Muranishi, S.6
-
37
-
-
0033972059
-
Intravascular origin of metastasis from the proliferation of endothelium-attached tumor cells: A new model for metastasis
-
Al-Mehdi AB, Tozawa K, Fisher AB, Shientag L, Lee A, Muschel RJ. Intravascular origin of metastasis from the proliferation of endothelium-attached tumor cells: a new model for metastasis. Nat. Med., 6, 100-102 (2000).
-
(2000)
Nat. Med.
, vol.6
, pp. 100-102
-
-
Al-Mehdi, A.B.1
Tozawa, K.2
Fisher, A.B.3
Shientag, L.4
Lee, A.5
Muschel, R.J.6
-
38
-
-
75149133614
-
Chitosan-based formulations for delivery of DNA and siRNA
-
Mao S, Sun W, Kissel T. Chitosan-based formulations for delivery of DNA and siRNA. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 62, 12-27 (2010).
-
(2010)
Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
, vol.62
, pp. 12-27
-
-
Mao, S.1
Sun, W.2
Kissel, T.3
-
39
-
-
23944439174
-
Transfection efficiency of chitosan vectors: Effect of polymer molecular weight and degree of deacetylation
-
Huang M, Fong CW, Khor E, Lim LY. Transfection efficiency of chitosan vectors: effect of polymer molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. J. Control. Release, 106, 391-406 (2005).
-
(2005)
J. Control. Release
, vol.106
, pp. 391-406
-
-
Huang, M.1
Fong, C.W.2
Khor, E.3
Lim, L.Y.4
-
40
-
-
1942470953
-
The effect of the degree of chitosan deacetylation on the efficiency of gene transfection
-
Kiang T, Wen J, Lim HW, Leong KW. The effect of the degree of chitosan deacetylation on the efficiency of gene transfection. Biomaterials, 25, 5293-5301 (2004).
-
(2004)
Biomaterials
, vol.25
, pp. 5293-5301
-
-
Kiang, T.1
Wen, J.2
Lim, H.W.3
Leong, K.W.4
-
41
-
-
33751419974
-
The influence of polymeric properties on chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle formulation and gene silencing
-
Liu X, Howard KA, Dong M, Andersen MØ, Rahbek UL, Johnsen MG, Hansen OC, Besenbacher F, Kjems J. The influence of polymeric properties on chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle formulation and gene silencing. Biomaterials, 28, 1280-1288 (2007).
-
(2007)
Biomaterials
, vol.28
, pp. 1280-1288
-
-
Liu, X.1
Howard, K.A.2
Dong, M.3
Mø, A.4
Rahbek, U.L.5
Johnsen, M.G.6
Hansen, O.C.7
Besenbacher, F.8
Kjems, J.9
-
42
-
-
14044250982
-
Formation and intracellular trafficking of lipoplexes and polyplexes
-
Elouahabi A, Ruysschaert JM. Formation and intracellular trafficking of lipoplexes and polyplexes. Mol. Ther., 11, 336-347 (2005).
-
(2005)
Mol. Ther.
, vol.11
, pp. 336-347
-
-
Elouahabi, A.1
Ruysschaert, J.M.2
-
43
-
-
77952744763
-
Formulation strategy and use of excipients in pulmonary drug delivery
-
Pilcer G, Amighi K. Formulation strategy and use of excipients in pulmonary drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 392, 1-19 (2010).
-
(2010)
Int. J. Pharm.
, vol.392
, pp. 1-19
-
-
Pilcer, G.1
Amighi, K.2
-
44
-
-
77952670572
-
Optimized pulmonary gene transfection in mice by spray-freeze dried powder inhalation
-
Mohri K, Okuda T, Mori A, Danjo K, Okamoto H. Optimized pulmonary gene transfection in mice by spray-freeze dried powder inhalation. J. Control. Release, 144, 221-226 (2010).
-
(2010)
J. Control. Release
, vol.144
, pp. 221-226
-
-
Mohri, K.1
Okuda, T.2
Mori, A.3
Danjo, K.4
Okamoto, H.5
|