Review on microemulsion as futuristic drug delivery

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 39-53

  Muzaffar, Faizi ^a   Singh, U K ^a   Chauhan, Lalit ^a  

^a SWAMI VIVEKANAND SUBHARTI UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Microemulsions; Surfactant; Thermodynamically stable

Indexed keywords

ACECLOFENAC; ACICLOVIR; AMPHOTERICIN; APOMORPHINE; CELECOXIB; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CLOPIDOGREL; CLOTRIMAZOLE; CREMOPHOR; CYCLOSPORIN A; DICLOFENAC; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER; ESTRADIOL; FEXOFENADINE; FLUCONAZOLE; FLURBIPROFEN; IBUPROFEN; KETOPROFEN; KETOROLAC TROMETAMOL; LABRAFAC; LABRASOL; LORAZEPAM; MULBERRY EXTRACT; PIROXICAM; PROGESTERONE; RITONAVIR; SAQUINAVIR; SERTACONAZOLE; SURFACTANT; TERBINAFINE; TIMOLOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; WHITE GLOW;

CENTRIFUGATION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG PENETRATION; DRUG SOLUBILITY; DRUG TARGETING; ENCAPSULATION; FREEZE THAWING; HUMAN; IONIC STRENGTH; MICROEMULSION; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PH; RADIATION SCATTERING; RELATIVE DENSITY; REVIEW; SALINITY; STAINING; STRATUM CORNEUM; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS; THERMOSTABILITY; ZETA POTENTIAL;

EID: 84879933910     PISSN: None     EISSN: 09751491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. T.P. Hoar, J.H. Schulman, Transparent water-in-oil disper-sions, the oleopathic hydro-micelle, Nature., 152 (1943) 102-103.
2. J. H. Schulman, W. Stoeckenius, L. M. Prince, Mechanism of formation and structure of micro emulsions by electron microscopy, J. Phys. Chem., 63 (1959) 1677-1680.
3. Danielsson, B. Lindman, The definition of a microemulsion, Colloids and Surfaces., 3 (1981) 391-392.
4. Shinoda K, Lindman B, Organised surfactant systems: Microemulsions, Langmuir, 3 1987, 135-149.
5. M. Jayne Lawrencea, Gareth D. Reesb, Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews., 45 (2000) 89-121.
6. Derle D V, Sagar B S H, Rohini Pimpale, Microemulsions as a vehicle for transdermal permeation of nimesulide, Indian J pharm sci., 68 (2006) 624-625.
7. Sushama Talegaonkar, Adnan Azeem, Farhan J. Ahmad, Microemulsions, A Novel Approach to Enhanced Drug Delivery., Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation., 2 (2008) 238-257
8. Anna radomska soukharev, Joanna wojciechowska, Microemulsions as potential ocular drug delivery systems: Phase diagrams and physical properties depending on ingredients, Acta poloniac pharmaceutica drug research., 62 (2005) 465-471.
9. Sumedha Nadkar, Chandrakant Lokhand, Current Trends in Novel Drug Delivery An OTC Perspective, Pharma Times., 42 (2010) 17-23.
10. Vandamme Th F, Microemulsions as ocular drug delivery systems: recent developments and future challenges, Progress in retinal and eye research., 21 (2002) 15-34.
11. Kumar. K. Senthil, Dhachinamoorthi. D, Saravanan. R; Microemulsions as Carrier for Novel Drug Delivery: A Review; International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research., 10 (2011) 37-45.
12. Kantaria, S., Rees, G.D., Lawrence M.J., Formulation of electrically conducting microemulsion based organogels, Int. J. Pharm., 250 (2003) 250 65-83.
13. Tenjarla, S., Microemulsions: an overview and pharmaceutical applications, Crit. Rev. Ther. Carr. Sys., 16 (1999) 461-521.
14. Constantinides, P.P., Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects, Pharm. Res., 12 (1995) 1561-1572.
15. Gasco M. R., Microemulsions in the pharmaceutical field: perspectives and applications in; Industrial Applications of Microemulsions, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York., (1997) 97-122.
16. Gasco M., Gallarate M., Trotta M., Gremmo E., Chiappero O., Microemulsions as topical delivery vehicles: ocular administeration of timolol, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 7(4) (1989) 433-439.
17. Delgado-Charro M.B., Iglesias Vilas G, Blanco-Mendez J., Lopez Quintela M.A., Marty J.P., Guy R.H., Delivery of a hydrophilic solute through the skin from novel microemulsion systems, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 43 (1997) 37-42.
18. Khanna Surabhi, Katare O P, Drabu Sushma, Lecithinised microemulsions for topical delivery of Tretinoin, International Journal of Drug Development & Research, October-December., 2(4) (2010) 711-719.
19. Peltola S, Saarinen P, Kiesvaara J, Suhonen T, Urtti A. Microemulsions for topical delivery of estradiol. Int. J. Pharm., 254 (2003) 99-107.
20. Rhee Y S, Choi J G, Park E S, Chi S C. Transdermal delivery of ketoprofen using microemulsions. Int. J. Pharm., 228 (2001)161-170.
21. Baboota S, Al-Azaki A, Kohli K, Ali J, Dixit N, Shakeel F. Development and evaluation of a microemulsion formulation for transdermal delivery of terbinafine PDA. J. Pharm. Sci. Technol., 61 (2007) 276-285.
22. Chen H, Chang X, Weng T, Du D, Li J, Xu H, Yang X. Microemulsion-based hydrogel formulation of ibuprofen for topical delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 351 (2006) 52-58.
23. Spiclin P, Homar M, Zupancic-Valant A, Gasperlin M. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate in topical microemulsions, Int. J. Pharm., 256 (2003) 65-73.
24. M. Suthar1, J. D. Modi, M. P. Patel, A. H. Baria, Microemulsion-Based Gel Formulation and Evaluation of Tretinoin for Topical Delivery, International Journal of Pharmaceutical research., 1(4) (2009) 28-34.
25. Kawakami K, Yoshikawa T, Hayashi T, Nishihara Y and Masuda K: Microemulsion formulation for enhanced absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Journal of Control Release., 81 (2002) 75-82.
26. Mehta Kavita and Bhatt DC, Preparation, Optimization And In Vitro Microbiological Efficacy Of Antifungal Microemulsion, IJPSR., 2(9) (2011) 2424-2429.
27. Osborne D W, Ward A J, O'Neill K J; Microemulsions as topical drug delivery vehicles: in-vitro transdermal studies of a model hydrophilic drug. J Pharm Pharmacol Comm., 4 (1991) 43:451.
28. Badawi, Nour, Sakran, El-Mancy; Preparation and Evaluation of Microemulsion Systems Containing Salicylic Acid; AAPS PharmSciTech., 10 (2009) 1081-1082.
29. Patel R. Mrunali, Microemulsions: As Novel Drug Delivery Vehicle., 5 (2007).
30. Madhav. S, Gupta. D, A review on microemulsion based system, IJPSR., 2(8) (2011) 1888-1899.
31. Lam AC, Schechter R S, The theory of diffusion in microemulsions, J Colloid Interface Sci., 120 (1987) 56-63.
32. Hellweg T, Phase structure of microemulsions, Curr opin colloid interface sci.,7, (2002) 50-56.
33. Aboofazeli R, LawrenceM. J, Investigations into the formation and characterization of phospholipid microemulsions. I. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of systems containing water-lecithin-alcohol-isopropyl myristate, Int. J. Pharm., 93 (1993) 161-175.
34. Hasse A, Keipert, S, Development and characterization of microemulsions for ocular application, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 430(2010) 179-183.
35. Jha Sajal Kumar, Dey Sanjay, Karki Roopa, Microemulsions-Potential Carrier for Improved Drug Delivery, Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia., 1(2) (2011) 25-31.
36. Vyas S P; Theory and practice in novel drug delivery system; 2009, 1, CBS Publishers, New delhi; 115-116.
37. Prince L. M; A theory of aqueous emulsions I. Negative interfacial tension at the oil/water interface; J. Colloid Interface Sci., 23 (1976)165-173.
38. Kayes, F. B.; Disperse systems In Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design, International Student Edition; Ed: Aulton, M.E.; Churchill Livingstone., (1999) 110.
39. Rieger. M.M.; Emulsions In Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Third Edition; Ed: Lachman, L., Lieberman, H.A., Kanig, J.L.; Varghese Publishing House, Bombay., (1987) 507-519.
40. Emsap. W.J., Siepmann. J., Paeratakul. O.; Disperse Systems in Modern Pharmaceutics, Fourth Edition; Ed: Banker, G.S., Rhodes, C.T.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York., 121 (2002) 260-261.
41. Strickley RG; Solubilizing Excipients in Oral and Injectable Formulations; Pharm. Res., 21 (2004) 201-230.
42. Narang AS, Delmarre D and Gao D; Stable Drug Encapsulation in Micelles and Microemulsions; Int. J. Pharm., 345 (2007) 9-25.
43. Sarkhejiya Naimish A, Nakum Mayur A, Patel Vipul P, Atara Samir A, Desai Thusarbindu R; Emerging Trend Of Microemulsion In Formulation And Reserach; International Bulletin of Drug Research., 1(1) 54-83.
44. Roux D and Coulon C; Modelling Interactions in Microemulsion Phases; J. Physique., 47 (1986) 1257-1264.
45. Y. Srinivasa Rao, K. Sree Deepthi and K.P.R. Chowdary; Microemulsions: A Novel Drug Carrier System; International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology.,1(2) (2009) 39-41.
46. Shah Rohit Ramesh, Magdum Chandrakant Shripal; Preparation and Evaluation of Aceclofenac Topical Microemulsion; Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 9(1) (2010) 5-11.
47. R Mrunali Patel, B Rashmin Patel, R Jolly Parikh, K Kashyap Bhatt, B Ajay Solanki; Investigating the effect of vehicle on in vitro skin permeation of ketoconazole applied in O/W Microemulsions; Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia., 52 (2010) 65-77.
48. Sushama Talegaonkar, Adnan Azeem, Farhan Ahmad J, Roop Khar K, Shadab Pathan A, Zeenat Khan I; Microemulsions:A Novel approach to enhanced drug delivery; Recent patents on drug delivery and formulation; 2, 2008; 238-257.
49. Shafiq un Nabi S, Shakeel F, Talegaonkar S; Formulation development and optimization using nanoemulsion technique: A technical note; AAPS Pharm Sci Tech., 8 (2007) 1-6.
50. Shaji. J, Reddy M. S.; Microemulsions as drug delivery systems; Pharma Times., 36 (7) (2004) 17-24.
51. Kumar P and Mittal K L; In Handbook of Microemulsion Science and Technology; 1st Edn; CRC Press, New York, 1999, pp 1.
52. Rao YS, Deepthi KS and Chowdary KP; Microemulsions: A Novel Drug Carrier System; IJDDT., 1 (2009) 39-41.
53. Sarkhejiya Naimish A, Nakum Mayur A, Patel Vipul P, Atara Samir A, Desai Thusarbindu R; Emerging Trend Of Microemulsion In Formulation And Reserach; International Bulletin of Drug Research., 1(1) 54-83.
54. Jain N K; Progress in controlled and novel drug delivery system; 2004., 1 CBS Publisher; New Delhi, 309-340.
55. Ashish Y. Pawar, Vilas M. Aurangabadkar, Sunil K. Mahajan, Kiran B. Erande, Prashant S. Walke and Deelip V. Derle; Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Topical Microemulsion Gels for Nimsulide; Journal of Pharmacy Research., 4(4) 20111004-1006.
56. Vyas. S. P, Khar. R. K; Submicron emulsions in targeted and controlled drug delivery; Novel Carrier Systems; CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2002; 282-302.
57. Malcolmson C, Lawrence M; Three-component non-ionic oil-in-water microemulsions using polyoxyethylene ether surfactants; Colloids Surf., B Biointerfaces., 4 (1995) 97-109.
58. Constantinides PP, Scalart JP, Lancaster C, Marcello J, Marks G, Ellens H; Formulation and intestinal absorption enhancement evaluation of water-in-oil microemulsions incorporating medium-chain glycerides; Pharm Res., 11 (1994) 1385-90.
59. Constantinides PP, Welzel G, Ellens H, Smith PL, Sturgis S, Yiv SH; Water-in-oil microemulsions containing medium-chain fatty acids/salts: formulation and intestinal absorption enhancement evaluation.; Pharm Res., 13(2) (1996) 205-105.
60. Jadhav. K. R, Jadhav, Shetye. S. L, Kadam. V. J; Design and Evaluation of Microemulsion Based Drug Delivery System; International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences., 1 (2010) 156-166.
61. Brime B, Moreno MA, Frutos G, Ballesteros MA, Frutos P; Amphotericin B in oil-water lecithin-based microemulsions: formulation and toxicity evaluation; Journal Pharm Sci., 91(4) (2002) 1178-85.
62. Ashok Patel R, Pradeep vavia R; Preparation and Invivo Evaluation of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing fenofibrate; The AAPS Journal., 9 (2007) 344-352.
63. Ghosh P K, Majithiya R J, Umrethia M L and Murthy R S R; Design and Development of Microemulsion Drug Delivery System of Acyclovir for Improvement of Oral Bioavailability. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech., 7(3) (2006) Article 77.
64. Bajpai M, Sharma P K, Mittal A; A study of oleic acid oily base for the tropical delivery of dexamethasone microemulsion formulation; Asian J Pharm.,3 (2009)208-214.
65. Nour S A, Shalaby S H, Afify N N, Abd El-Aal S, Mekhael M K; Formulation and evaluation of econazole nitrate emulgels; Journal Drug Res Egypt., 24(1) (2002) 63-71.
66. Lucero M J, Vigo J, Leon M J; A study of shear and compression deformations on hydrophilic gels of tretinoin; Int J Pharm., 106 (1994) 125-33.
67. Promod Kumar, Mittal K L; Handbook of Microemulsions; Science and Technology.,1999 1 CRC Press, New York 411-523.
68. Ashwini Rasal, Mahajan H S, Shaikh H T, Suran S J; Development and characterization of nasal mucoadhesive microemulsions of sumatriptan succinate.
69. Moulik S P, Paul B K; Structure, dynamics and transport properties of micro emulsions; Advances in Colloid and Interface Science., 78 (1998) 99-195.
70. Nasseri A A., Aboofazeli R., Zia H., Needham T E.; Lecithin-Stabilized Microemulsion-Based Organogels for Topical Application of Ketorolac Tromethamine. II. Invitro Release Study; Iranian J. Pharmaceutical Research., (2003) 117-123.
71. Podlogar F., Rogǎc M., Gǎsperlin M.; The effect of internal structure of selected water-Tween 40®-Imwitor 308®-IPM microemulsions on ketoprofen Release; Int. J. Pharm., 302 (2005) 302 68-77.
72. Thakker K D., and Chern W H.; Development and Validation of In Vitro Release Tests for Semisolid Dosage Forms-Case Study; Dissolution Technologies.,15 (2003) 10-15.
73. Shaikh I M., Jadhav K R., Gide P S., Kadam V J., Pisal S S.; Topical delivery of aceclofenac from lecithin organogels: preformulation study; Curr. Drug Deliv., 3(4) (2006) 3(4) 417-27.
74. Tomsic M., Podlogar F., Gasperlin M., Rogac M., Jamnik A; Water-Tween 40®/Imwitor 308®-isopropyl myristate microemulsions as delivery systems for ketoprofen: Small-angle X-ray scattering study; Int. J. Pharm., 327 (2006) 170-177.
75. Martin, A.; Coarse Dispersions In Physical Pharmacy, Fourth Edition; B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi., (1994) 495-496.
76. Giustini, M., Palazzo, G., Colafemmina, G., Della Monica, M., Giomini, M. Ceglie, A.; Microstructure and dynamics of the water-in-oil CTAB/n-pentanol/n-hexane/water microemulsion: spectroscopic and conductivity study; Journal Phys. Chem.,100 (1996) 3190-3198.
77. Schurtenberger, P., Peng, Q., Leser, M.E., Luisi, P.L.; Structure and phase behaviour of lecithin-based microemulsions: a study of chain length dependence; Journal Colloid Interface Sci., 156 (1993) 43-51.
78. Yu. Z. J., Neuman. R. D.; Reversed micellar solution-to-bicontinuous microemulsion transition in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate/n-heptane/water system, Langmuir., 11 (1995) 1081-1086.
79. Ruth, H.S., Attwood, D., Ktistis, G., Taylor, C.J.; Phase studies and particle size analysis of oil-in-water phospholipid microemulsions; Int. J. Pharm.,116 (1995) 253-261.
80. Shioi, A., Harada, M., Tanabe, M.; Static light scattering from oil-rich microemulsions containing polydispersed cylindrical aggregates in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate system; J. Phys. Chem., 99 (1995) 4750-4756.
81. Kreilgaard M, Pedersen E J, Jaroszewski, J W; NMR characterization and transdermal drug delivery potential of microemulsions systems; Journal Control Release., 69 (2000) 421-433.
82. Corswant. C. V., Engström. S., Söderman. O.; Microemulsions based on soybean phosphatidylcholine and triglycerides, Phase behaviour and microstructure, Langmuir., 13 (1997) 5061-5070.
83. Corswant, C.V., Soderman, O.; Effect of adding isopropyl myristate to microemulsions based on soybean phosphatidylcholine and triglycerides, Langmuir., 14 (1998) 3506-3511.
84. Corswant, C.V., Olsson, C., Soderman, O.; Microemulsions based on soybean phosphatidylcholine and isopropyl myristate-effect of addition of hydrophilic surfactants, Langmuir., 14 (1998) 6864-6870.
85. Sharma Pankaj Kumar; Enhancement of solubility and stability of Celecoxib using microemulsion based topical formulation; Journal of Pharmacy Research., 4(7) (2011) 2216-2220.
86. Mehta. S. K, Kavaljit. X. X, Bala. K; Phase behaviour, structural effects, volumetric and transport properties in nonaqueous microemulsions; Phys. Rev., E-59 (1999) 4317-4325.
87. Hsiu-O Ho, Chih-Chuan Hsiao, Ming-Thau Sheu; Preparation of microemulsions using polyglycerol fatty acid esters as surfactant for the delivery of protein drugs; J. Pharm Sci., 85 (1996) 138-143.
88. Corswant C, Thoren P, Engstrom S; Triglyceride-based microemulsion for intravenous administration of sparingly soluble substances; J. Pharm. Sci., 87 (1998) 200-208.
89. Dreher F, Walde P, Walther P, Wehrli E; Interaction of a lecithin microemulsion gel with human stratum corneum and its effect on transdermal transport; J. Control. Rel., 45 (1997) 131-140.
90. Lv FF, Li N, Zheng LQ, Tung CH; Studies on the stability of the chloramphenicol in the microemulsion free of alcohols; Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 62 (2006) 288-294.
91. Fialho S. L, da Silva-Cunha A; New vehicle based on a microemulsion for topical ocular administration of dexamethasone Clin Exper Ophth., 32 (2004) 626-632.
92. Syamasri Gupta, S.P. Moulik; Biocompatible microemulsions and their prospective uses in drug delivery; Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences., 97 (2008) 22-45.
93. Shiokawa T, Hattori Y, Kawano K; Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Linker Chain Length of Folate-Linked Microemulsions Loading Aclacinomycin A on Targeting Ability and Antitumor Effect In vitro and In vivo; Clin Cancer Res., 11 (2005).
94. Brodin. A., Fynes. R., Heijl. R., Nyqvist-Mayer. A., Scherlund M., US20006031007 (2000).
95. Monahan. S. D, Wolff. J. A., Slattum. P. M, Hagstrom. J. E., Budker. V.G.: US20026429200 (2002).
96. Wheeler. J. J; Bally. M. B; US5478860 (1995).
97. Maranhao. R. C.; US5578583 (1996).
98. Shiokawa T, Hattori Y, Kawano K; Effect of polyethylene glycol linker chain length of folate-linked microemulsions loading aclacinomycin A on targeting ability and antitumour effect in vitro and in vivo; Clin Cancer Res., 11 (2005) 2018-2025.
99. Wermling D. P, Miller J. P, Archer S. M, Manaligod J. M, Rudy. A. C; Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of lorazepam after intranasal, intravenous and intramuscular administration; J Clin Pharmacol., 41 (2001) 1225-1231.
100. Dorman DC, Brenneman KA, McElveen AM, Lynch SE, Roberts KC, Wong BA; Olfactory transport: A direct route of delivery of inhaled managanese phosphate to the rat brain; J Toxicol Environ Health., 65 (2002) 1493-1511.
101. Dragphia R, Caillaud C, Manicom R, Pavirani A, Kahn A, Poenaru L; Gene delivery into the central nervous system by nasal instillation in rats; Gene Ther., 2 (1995) 418-423.
102. Illum L; Transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to central nervous system; Eur J Pharm Sci., 11 (2000) 1-18.
103. Talegaonkar S, Mishra P; Intranasal delivery: An approach to bypass the blood brain barrier; Ind J Pharmacol., 36 (2004) 140-147.
104. Hasse. A, Keipert S; Development and characterisation of microemulsions for ocular application; Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 43 (1997) 179-183.
105. Malmsten. M; Microemulsions in pharmaceuticals In Handbook of Microemulsion, Science and Technology; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York., (1999) 755-771.
106. Paul. B.K., Moulik. S.P.; Uses and Applications of Microemulsions; Current Science., 2(8) (2001,) 990-1001.
107. Jadhav K. R, Shetye S. L, Kadam V. J; Design and Evaluation of Microemulsion Based Drug Delivery System; International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences., 1 (2010) 156-166.
108. Fathy I. Abdallah, Hamdy M. Dawaba; Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of piroxicamloaded microemulsion in topical formulations; Int J Pharm Pharm Sci., 3(2) (2011) 6670
109. Shishu, Rajan Sunita and Kamalpreet; Development of Novel Microemulsion-Based Topical Formulations of Acyclovir for the Treatment of Cutaneous Herpetic Infections; AAPS PharmSciTech., 10 (2009) 559-565.
110. Angela Attar Nasseri, Reza Aboofazeli, Hossein Zia, Thomas E Needham; Lecithin Stabilized Microemulsion-Based Organogels for Topical Application of Ketorolac Tromethamine. II. In vitro Release Study; Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research; (2003) 117-123.
111. Mrunali R. Patel, Rashmin B. Patel, Jolly R. Parikh; Effect of Formulation Components on the In Vitro Permeation of Microemulsion Drug Delivery System of Fluconazole; AAPS PharmSciTech.,10 (2009) 917-923.
112. Susijit Sahoo, Bhakti Bhusan Barik, Nihar Ranjan Pani; Formulation and characterization of microemulsion of an anti-fungal drug; Journal of Pharmacy Research., 4(7) (2011) 2397-2399.
113. Nadeem Abbas Kizilbash, Dhaifallah Alenizi; Design of a Microemulsion-Based Drug Delivery System for Diclofenac Sodium; J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 33 (20110, 1-6.
114. Yogeshwar G. Bachhav and Vandana B. Patravale; Microemulsion-Based Vaginal Gel of Clotrimazole: Formulation, In Vitro Evaluation, and Stability Studies; AAPS PharmSciTech; Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2009, 476-481.
115. E Gundogdu, I Gonzalez Alvarez, E Karasulu; Improvement of effect of water-in-oil microemulsion as an oral delivery system for fexofenadine: in vitro and in vivo studies; International Journal of Nanomedicine; 2011:6 1631-1640.
116. Amit A. Kale and Vandana B. Patravale; Development and Evaluation of Lorazepam Microemulsions for Parenteral Delivery; AAPS PharmSciTech.,9 (2008) 966-971.
117. Vandana Patel, Hirenkumar Kukadiya, Rajshree Mashru; Development of Microemulsion for Solubility Enhancement of Clopidogrel; Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 9(4) (2010), 327-334.
118. Park K M, Kim C K; Preparation and evaluation of flurbiprofen-loaded Microemulsions for parental delivery; Int J Pharm., 181 (1999) 173-179.
119. Peira E, Scolari P, Gasco M; Transdermal permeation of apomorphine through hairless mouse skin from microemulsions; Int J Pharm., 226 (2001) 47-51.
120. Rhee Y S, Choi J G, Park E S, Chi S C; Transdermal delivery of ketoprofen using Microemulsions; Int J Pharm., 228 (2001) 161-170.
121. Ashok Patel R, Pradeep vavia R; Preparation and Invivo Evaluation of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing fenofibrate; The AAPS Journal., 9 (2007) 344-352.
122. Peltola S, Saarinen S P, Kiesavaara J, Urttia S T M; Microemulsions for topical delivery of estradiol; Int J Pharm., 254 (2003) 99-107.
123. Li CC, Abrahamson M, Kapoor Y, Chauhan A; Timolol transport from microemulsionss trapped in HEMA gels; Journal Colloid Interface Sci., 315 (2007) 297-306.
124. Zhao X, Chen D, Gao P, Ding P, Li K; Synthesis of ibuprofen eugenol ester and its microemulsions formulation for parenteral delivery; Chem Pharm Bull.,53 (2005) 1246-1250.
125. Andrade S M, Costa S M; Fluorescence quenching of acridine orange in microemulsions induced by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam; Photochem Photobiol Sci., 2, (2003) 605-610.
126. Biruss B, Valenta C; The advantage of polymer addition to a non-ionic oil in water microemulsions for the develop delivery of progesterone; Int J Pharm., 349, (2008) 269-273.
127. Chen H, Chang X, Du D, Li J, Xu H, Yang X; Microemulsions based hydrogel formulation of ibuprofen for topical delivery; Int J Pharm., 315 (2006) 52-58.
128. Baboota S, AL-Azaki A, Kohli K, Ali J, Dixit N, Shakeel F; Development and evaluation of a microemulsions formulation for transdermal delivery of terbinafine; PDA J Pharm Sci Technol., 61 (2007) 276-285.
129. Pradnya S, Darole Darshana D. Hegde, Hema A; Formulation and evaluation of Microemulsions based delivery system for amphotericin; AAPS PharmSci Tech. 9 (2008) 122-128.
130. Fialho S L, Cunha D S; New vehicle based on a microemulsions for topical ocular administration of dexamethasone, Clin Experiment Ophthalmol., 32 (2004) 626-632.
131. Rhee YS, Park CW, Nam TY, Shin YS, Chi SC, Park E S; Formulation of parental microemulsions containing itraconazole; Arch Pharm Res., 30 (2007) 114-123.
132. Kreilgaard M, Pedersen E J, Jaroszewski J W; NMR characterization and transdermal drug delivery potential of microemulsions systems; J Control Release., 69 (2000) 421-433.
133. Lv F F, Zheng L Q, Tung C H; Phase behavior of the microemulsions and stability of the chloramphenicol in microemulsions based ocular drug delivery system; Int J Pharm.,14 (2005) 237-246.
134. Vyas T K, Babbar A, Sharma R K, Singh S Misra A; Preliminary brain targeting studies on intranasal mucoadhesive microemulsions of sumatriptan; AAPS PharmSci Tech., 20 (2006) 8-16.
135. Anand Kyatanwar Kisan Jadhav R, Vilasarao kadam J; Selfmicroemulsifying drug delivery system: review; Journal of pharmacy research., 3 (2010) 75-83.
136. Hitesh bari C, Rajendra Doijad C, Harinath more N, John Disouza I; Design and optimization of chlordiazepoxide solid self microemulsifying drug delivery system; Journal of Pharmacy research., 4 (2011) 369-372.