Potential of Machine Vision Techniques for Detecting Fecal and Microbial Contamination of Food Products: A Review

Food and Bioprocess Technology

Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1621-1634

  Teena, M ^a   Manickavasagan, A ^a   Mothershaw, A ^a   El Hadi, S ^a   Jayas, D S ^b  

^a SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY   (Oman)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Computer vision; Fungal infection; Mycotoxin; NIR hyperspectral imaging; Thermal imaging; X ray imaging

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; FUNGAL INFECTION; HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS; MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS; MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION; MYCOTOXIN; NIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING; XRAY IMAGING;

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; FOOD PROCESSING; FOOD PRODUCTS; INFRARED IMAGING; MACHINE COMPONENTS; SPECTROSCOPY;

COMPUTER VISION;

EID: 84879295844     PISSN: 19355130     EISSN: 19355149     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1079-7     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Ariana, D., Guyer, D. E., & Shreshta, B. (2006). Integrating multispectral reflectance and fluorescence imaging for defect detection on apples. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 50(2), 148-161.
2. Bauriegel, E., Giebel, A., Geyer, M., Schmidt, U., & Herppich, W. B. (2011). Early detection of Fusarium infection in wheat using hyper-spectral imaging. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 75(2), 304-312.
3. Bauriegel, E., Giebel, A., & Herppich, W. B. (2011). Hyperspectral and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to analyse the impact of Fusarium culmorum on the photosynthetic integrity of infected wheat ears. Sensors, 11(4), 3765-3779.
4. Berardo, N., Piscacine, V., Battilani, P., Scandolara, A., Pietri, A., & Marocco, A. (2005). Rapid detection of kernel rots and mycotoxins in maize by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(21), 8128-8134.
5. Bolduan, C., Montes, J. M., Dhillon, B. S., Mirdita, V., & Melchinger, A. E. (2009). Determination of mycotoxin concentration by ELISA and near-infrared spectroscopy in Fusarium-inoculated maize. Cereal Research Communications, 37(4), 521-529.
6. Brosnan, T., & Sun, D. W. (2004). Improving quality inspection of food products by computer vision. Journal of Food Engineering, 61(1), 3-16.
7. Chelladurai, V., Jayas, D. S., & White, N. D. G. (2010). Thermal imaging for detecting fungal infection in stored wheat. Journal of Stored Products Research, 46(3), 174-179.
8. Cho, B., Kim, M. S., Chao, K., Lawrence, K., Park, B., & Kim, K. (2009). Detection of fecal residue on poultry carcasses by laser-induced fluorescence imaging. Journal of Food Science, 74(3), E154-E158.
9. Chu, F. S. (1991). Mycotoxins: Food contamination, mechanism, carcinogenic potential and preventive measures. Mutation Research, 259(3-4), 291-306.
10. Cubero, S., Aleixos, N., Molto, E., Gomez-Sanchis, J., & Blasco, J. (2011). Advances in machine vision applications for automatic inspection and quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4(4), 487-504.
11. Delwiche, S. R. (2003). Classification of scab- and other mold-damaged wheat kernels by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 46(3), 731-738.
12. Delwiche, S. R., & Hareland, G. A. (2004). Detection of scab-damaged hard red spring wheat kernels by near-infrared reflectance. Cereal Chemistry, 81(5), 643-649.
13. Dissing, B. S., Papadopoulou, O. S., Tassou, C., Ersboll, B. K., Carstensen, J. M., Panagou, E. Z., et al. (2012). Using multispectral imaging for spoilage detection of pork meat. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 1-12.
14. Dowell, F. E., Ram, M. S., & Seitz, L. M. (1999). Predicting scab, vomitoxin, and ergosterol in single wheat kernels using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cereal Chemistry, 76(4), 573-576.
15. Dowell, F. E., Pearson, T. C., Maghirang, E. B., Xie, F., & Wicklow, D. T. (2002). Reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy applied to detecting fumonisin in single corn kernels infected with Fusarium verticillioides. Cereal Chemistry, 79(2), 222-226.
16. Du, C. J., & Sun, D. W. (2004). Recent developments in the applications of image processing techniques for food quality evaluation. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 15(5), 230-249.
17. Ellis, D. I., Broadhurst, D., & Goodacre, R. (2004). Rapid and quantitative detection of the microbial spoilage of beef by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning. Analytica Chimica Acta, 514(2), 193-201.
18. Fernandez-Ibanez, V., Soldado, A., Martinez-Fernandez, A., & de la Roza-Delgado, B. (2009). Application of near infrared spectroscopy for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 in maize and barley as analytical quality assessment. Food Chemistry, 113(2), 629-634.
19. Filtenborg, O., Frisvad, J. C., & Thrane, U. (1996). Mould in food spoilage. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 33(1), 85-102.
20. Fiore, A. D., Reverberi, M., Ricelli, A., Pinzari, F., Serranti, S., Fabbri, A. A., et al. (2010). Early detection of toxigenic fungi on maize by hyperspectral imaging analysis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 144(1), 64-71.
21. Firrao, G., Torelli, E., Gobbi, E., Raranciuc, S., Bianchi, G., & Locci, R. (2010). Prediction of milled maize fumonisin contamination by multispectral image analysis. Journal of Cereal Science, 52(2), 327-330.
22. Firtha, F. (2007). Development of data reduction function for hyperspectral imaging. Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences, 3(1), 67-88.
23. Gaston E, Frias JM, Cullen P, O'Donnell C & Gowen A (2011) Hyperspectral imaging for the detection of microbial spoilage of mushrooms. In: Oral Presentation MCF1004 at the 11th International Conference of Engineering and Food, May 2011, Athens, Greece.
24. Gómez-Sanchis, J., Gómez-Chova, L., Aleixos, N., Camps-Valls, G., Montesinos-Herrero, C., Moltó, E., et al. (2008). Hyperspectral system for early detection of rottenness caused by Pencillium digitatum in mandarins. Journal of Food Engineering, 89(1), 80-86.
25. Gordon, S. H., Schudy, R. B., Wheeler, B. C., Wicklow, D. T., & Greene, R. V. (1997). Identification of Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectral features for detection of Aspergillus flavus infection in corn. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 35(2), 179-186.
26. Gordon, S. H., Jones, R. W., McClelland, J. F., Wicklow, D. T., & Greene, R. V. (1999). Transient infrared spectroscopy for detection of toxigenic fungi in corn: Potential for on-line evaluation. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 47(12), 5267-5272.
27. Gram, L., & Huss, H. H. (1996). Microbiological spoilage of fish and fish products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 33(1), 121-137.
28. Gunasekaran, S. (1996). Computer vision technology for food quality assurance. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 7(8), 245-256.
29. Hahn, F. (2002). Fungal spore detection on tomatoes using spectral Fourier signatures. Biosystems Engineering, 81(3), 249-259.
30. Hahn, F., Lopez, I., & Hernandez, G. (2004). Spectral detection and neural network discrimination of Rhizopus stolonifer spores on red tomatoes. Biosystems Engineering, 89(1), 93-99.
31. Heitschmidt, G. W., Park, B., Lawrence, K. C., Windham, W. R., & Smith, D. P. (2007). Improved hyperspectral imaging system for fecal detection on poultry carcasses. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 50(4), 1427-1432.
32. Hyytiä-Trees, E., Skyttä, E., Mokkila, M., Kinnunen, A., Lindström, M., Lähteenimäki, L., et al. (2000). Safety evaluation of sous vide-processed products with respect to nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum by use of challenge studies and predictive microbiological models. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(1), 223-229.
33. Jackman, P., Sun, D. W., & Allen, P. (2011). Recent advances in the use of computer vision technology in the quality assessment of fresh meats. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 22(4), 185-197.
34. Jirsa O & Polisenska I (2011) Identification of Fusarium damaged wheat kernels using image analysis. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, LIX(5), 125 - 130.
35. Jos, H. J., & Veld, H. (1996). Microbial and biochemical spoilage of foods: An overview. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 33(1), 1-18.
36. Kalkan, H., Beriat, P., Yardimci, Y., & Pearson, T. C. (2011). Detection of contaminated hazelnuts and ground red chili pepper flakes by multispectral imaging. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 77(1), 28-34.
37. Kang, S., Lee, K., Son, J., & Kim, M. S. (2011). Detection of fecal contamination on leafy greens by hyperspectral imaging. Procedia Food Science, 1, 953-959.
38. Kim, M. S., Lefcourt, A. M., Chao, K., Chen, Y. R., Kim, I., & Chan, D. E. (2002). Multispectral detection of fecal contamination on apples based on hyperspectral imagery: Part I Application of visible and near-infrared reflectance imaging. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(6), 2027-2037.
39. Kim, M. S., Lefcourt, A. M., Chen, Y. R., Kim, I., Chan, D. E., & Chao, K. (2002). Multispectral detection of fecal contamination on apples based on hyperspectral imagery: Part II Application of hyperspectral fluorescence imaging. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(6), 2039-2047.
40. Kim, M. S., Lefcourt, A. M., Chen, Y. R., & Tao, Y. (2005). Automated detection of fecal contamination of apples based on multispectral fluorescence image fusion. Journal of Food Engineering, 71(1), 85-91.
41. Kodagali, J. A., & Balaji, S. (2012). Computer vision and image analysis based techniques for automatic characterization of fruits-A review. International Journal of Computer Applications, 50(6), 6-12.
42. Kos, G., Lohninger, H., & Krska, R. (2003). Development of a method for the determination of Fusarium fungi on corn using mid-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection and chemometrics. Analytical Chemistry, 75(5), 1211-1217.
43. Kos, G., Krska, R., Lohninger, H., & Griffiths, P. R. (2004). A comparative study of mid-infrared diffuse reflection (DR) and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy for the detection of fungal infection on RWA2-corn. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 378(1), 159-166.
44. Lefcourt, A. M., Kim, M. S., & Chen, Y. R. (2005). Detection of fecal contamination in apple calyx by multispectral laser-induced fluorescence. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 48(4), 1587-1593.
45. Liu, Y., Chen, Y. R., Kim, M. S., Chan, D. E., & Lefcourt, A. M. (2007). Development of simple alogrithms for the detection of fecal contaminants on apples from visible/near infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging. Journal of Food Engineering, 81(2), 412-418.
46. Manickavasagn, A., Jayas, D. S., & White, N. D. G. (2010). Wheat class identification using thermal imaging. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 3(3), 450-460.
47. Mehl, P. M., Chao, K., Kim, M., & Chen, Y. R. (2002). Detection of defects on selected apple cultivars using hyperspectral and multispectral image analysis. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 18(2), 219-226.
48. Mehl, P. M., Chen, Y. R., Kim, M. S., & Chan, D. E. (2004). Development of hyperspectral imaging technique for the detection of apple surface defects and contaminations. Journal of Food Engineering, 61(1), 67-81.
49. Narendra, V. G., & Hareesh, K. S. (2010). Prospects of computer vision automated grading and sorting systems in agricultural and food products for quality evaluation. International Journal of Computer Applications, 1(4), 1-9.
50. Narvanker, D. S., Singh, C. B., Jayas, D. S., & White, N. D. G. (2009). Assessment of soft X-ray imaging for detection of fungal infection in wheat. Biosystems Engineering, 103(1), 49-56.
51. Park, B., Lawrence, K. C., Windham, W. R., & Smith, D. P. (2004). Multispectral imaging system for fecal and ingesta detection on poultry carcasses. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 27(5), 311-327.
52. Park, B., Lawrence, K. C., Windham, W. R., & Smith, D. P. (2006). Performance of hyperspectral imaging system for poultry surface fecal contaminant detection. Journal of Food Engineering, 75(3), 340-348.
53. Pascall, M. A., Ravishankar, S., Ghiron, K., Lee, B. T., & Johannessen, J. N. (2006). Evaluation of magnetic resonance for detection of bacterial contamination in low-acid, shelf-stable packaged soymilk. Journal of Food Protection, 69(7), 1668-1674.
54. Pearson, T. C., Wicklow, D. T., Maghirang, E. B., Xie, F., & Dowell, F. E. (2001). Detecting aflatoxin in single corn kernels by transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 44(5), 1247-1254.
55. Pearson, T. C., & Wicklow, D. T. (2006). Detection of corn kernels infected by fungi. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 49(4), 1235-1245.
56. Peiris, K. H. S., Pumphrey, M. O., & Dowell, F. E. (2009). NIR absorbance characteristics of deoxynivalenol and of sound and Fusarium-damaged wheat kernels. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 17(4), 213-221.
57. Peng, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Li, Y., Wu, J., Huang, H., et al. (2011). Potential prediction of the microbial spoilage of beef using spatially resolved hyperspectral scattering profiles. Journal of Food Engineering, 102(2), 163-169.
58. Polder, G., van Der Heijden, G. W. A. M., Waalwijk, C., & Young, I. T. (2005). Detection of Fusarium in single wheat kernels using spectral imaging. Seed. Science and Technology, 33(3), 655-668.
59. Ravishankar S, Ghiron K, Maks N & Diel T (2005) Use of magnetic resonance imaging for detection of bacterial contamination in non-homogeneous shelf-stable packaged low-acid foods. In: 89E-31 at IFT Annual Meeting, July 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.
60. Robert de Mello, F., & Scussel, V. M. (2009). Development of physical and optical methods for in-shell Brazil nuts sorting and aflatoxin reduction. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(2), 3-14.
61. Shephard, G. S. (2008). Impact of mycotoxins on human health in developing countries. Food Additives and Contaminants, 25(2), 146-151.
62. Siripatrawan, U., Makino, Y., Kawagoe, Y., & Oshita, S. (2011). Rapid detection of Escherichia coli contamination in packaged fresh spinach using hyperspectral imaging. Talanta, 85(1), 276-281.
63. Tallada, J. G., Wicklow, D. T., Pearson, T. C., & Armstrong, P. R. (2011). Detection of fungus-infected corn kernels using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and color imaging. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 53(3), 1151-1158.
64. Tao, F., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Chao, K., & Dhakal, S. (2012). Simultaneous determination of tenderness and Escherichia coli contamination of pork using hyperspectral scattering technique. Meat Science, 90(3), 851-857.
65. 1 in red chili powder. Food Control, 20(9), 840-846.
66. Vargas, A. M., Kim, M. S., Tao, Y., Lefcourt, A. M., Chen, Y. R., Luo, Y., et al. (2005). Detection of fecal contamination on cantaloupes using hyperspectral fluorescence imagery. Journal of Food Science, 70(8), E47-476.
67. Vizhányó, T., & Felföldi, J. (2000). Enhancing colour differences in images of diseased mushrooms. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 26(2), 187-198.
68. Wang, D., Dowell, F. E., Ram, M. S., & Schapaugh, W. T. (2003). Classification of fungal-damaged soybean seeds using near-infrared spectroscopy. International Journal of Food Properties, 7(1), 75-82.
69. Wicklow DT & Pearson TC (2006) Detection and removal of single mycotoxin contaminated maize grains following harvest. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection, 15-18 October 2006, ABRAPOS, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, 109 - 120.
70. Williams, J. H., Phillips, T. D., Jolly, P. E., Stiles, J. K., Jolly, C. M., & Aggarwal, D. (2004). Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: A review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80(5), 1106-1122.
71. Williams, P. J., Geladi, P., Britz, T. J., & Manley, M. (2012). Investigation of fungal development in maize kernels using NIR hyperspectral imaging and multivariate data analysis. Journal of Cereal Science, 55(3), 272-278.
72. Windham, W. R., Lawrence, K. C., Park, B., & Buhr, R. J. (2003). Visible/NIR spectroscopy for characterizing fecal contamination of chicken carcasses. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 46(3), 747-751.
73. Yang, C. C., Kim, M. S., Kang, S., Cho, B. K., Chao, K., Lefcourt, A. M., et al. (2012). Red to far-red multispectral fluorescence image fusion for detection of fecal contamination on apples. Journal of Food Engineering, 108(2), 312-319.
74. Yanniotis, S., Proshlyakov, A., Revithi, A., Georgiadou, M., & Blahovee, J. (2011). X-ray imaging for fungal necrotic spot detection in pistachio nuts. Procedia Food Science, 1, 379-384.
75. Yao, H., Hruska, Z., Brown, R. L., & Cleveland, T. E. (2006). Hyperspectral bright greenish-yellow fluorescence (BGYF) imaging of aflatoxin contaminated corn kernels. In: SPIE The International Society For Optical Engineering, 6381, 63810B.
76. Zhang, R., Ying, Y., Rao, X., & Li, J. (2012). Quality and safety assessement of food and agricultural products by hyperspectral fluorescence imaging. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92(12), 2397-2408.