Defining Age and Using Age-Relevant Constructs

The Oxford Handbook of Work and Aging

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Schwall, Alexander R ^a  

^a Development Dimensions International   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronological age; Conceptualizations of age; Subjective age

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878656786     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195385052.013.0080     Document Type: Chapter

References (116)

1. Barak, B. (1987). Cognitive age: A new multidimensional approach to measuring age identity. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 25(2), 109-128.
2. Cleveland, J. N., & Shore, L. M. (1992). Self- and supervisory perspectives on age and work attitudes and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(4), 469-484.
3. Kastenbaum, R., Derbin, V., Sabatini, P., & Artt, S. (1972). The ages of me: Toward personal and interpersonal definitions of functional aging. Aging and Human Development, 3(2), 197-211.
4. Montepare, J. M. (2009). Subjective age: Toward a guiding lifespan framework. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 42-46.
5. Settersten, R. A., & Mayer, K. U. (1997). The measurement of age, age structuring, and the life course. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 233-261.
6. Ackerman, P. L. (2000). Domain-specific knowledge as the "dark matter" of adult intelligence: Gf/Gc, personality and interest correlates. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55B(2), 69-P84.
7. Adams, G. A., & Rau, B. (2004). Job seeking among retirees seeking bridge employment. Personnel Psychology, 57(3), 719-744.
8. Alley, D., & Crimmins, E. (2007). The demography of aging and work. In K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 7-24). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9. Anstey, K. J., Lord, S. R., & Smith, G. A. (1996). Measuring human functional age: A review of empirical findings. Experimental Aging Research, 22(3), 245-266.
10. Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F., & Wilson, D. C. (2007). Engaging the aging workforce: The relationship between perceived age similarity, satisfaction with coworkers, and employee engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1542-1556.
11. Avolio, B. J., Barrett, G. V., & Sterns, H. L. (1984). Alternatives to age for assessing occupational performance capacity. Experimental Aging Research, 10(2), 101-105.
12. Avolio, B. J., Waldman, D. A., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Age and work performance in nonmanagerial jobs: The effects of experience and occupational type. Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 407-422.
13. Bain, R. (1945). The ages of man. American Sociological Review, 10, 337-343.
14. Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. American Psychologist, 52(4), 366-380.
15. Baltes, P. B., Lindenberger, U., & Staudinger, U. M. (1998). Life-span theory in developmental psychology. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Volume 1: Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1029-1143). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
16. Barak, B. (1987). Cognitive age: A new multidimensional approach to measuring age identity. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 25(2), 109-128.
17. Barak, B. (1998). Inner-ages of middle-aged prime-lifers. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 46(3), 189-228.
18. Barak, B. (2009). Age identity: A cross-cultural global approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 2-11.
19. Barak, B., Mathur, A., Lee, K., & Zhang, Y. (2001). Perceptions of age-identity: A cross-cultural inner-age exploration. Psychology & Marketing, 18(10), 1003-1029.
20. Barak, B., & Rahtz, D. R. (1999). Perceived youth: Appraisal and characterization. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 49(3), 231-257.
21. Barak, B., & Stern, B. (1986). Subjective age correlates: A research note. Gerontologist, 26(5), 571-578.
22. Barnes-Farrell, J. L., Rumery, S. M., & Swody, C. A. (2002). How do concepts of age relate to work and off-the-job stresses and strains? A field study of health care workers in five nations. Experimental Aging Research. Special Issue: An International Perspective on the Aging Worker, 28(1), 87-98.
23. Barrett, A. E. (2003). Socioeconomic status and age identity: The role of dimensions of health in the subjective construction of age. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58B(2), S101-S109.
24. Barrett, A. E. (2005). Gendered experiences in midlife: Implications for age identity. Journal of Aging Studies, 19(2), 163-183.
25. Baum, S. K., & Boxley, R. L. (1983). Age identification in the elderly. Gerontologist, 23(5), 532-537.
26. Beehr, T. A. (1986). The process of retirement: A review and recommendation for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39, 31-55.
27. Birren, J. E. (1970). Principles of research on aging. In J. E. Birren (Ed.), Handbook of aging and the individual (pp. 3-42). Chicago: University Press.
28. Birren, J. E., & Renner, V. J. (1977). Research on the psychology of aging: Principles and experimentation. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 3-38). New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
29. Birren, J. E., & Schroots, J. F. (1996). History, concepts, and theory in the psychology of aging. In J. E. Birren, K. W. Schaie, R. P. Abeles, M. Gatz, & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 3-23). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
30. Byham, W. C. (2007). 70: The new 50. Retirement management: Retaining the energy and expertise of experienced employees. Bridgeville, PA: DDI Press.
31. Bytheway, B. (2005). Ageism and age categorization. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 361-374.
32. Callahan, J. S., Kiker, D. S., & Cross, T. (2003). Does method matter? A meta-analysis of the effects of training method on older learner training performance. Journal of Management, 29(5), 663-680.
33. Carrigan, M., & Szmigin, I. (1999). In pursuit of youth: What's wrong with the older market? Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 17(5), 222-231.
34. Carstensen, L. L. & Frederickson, B. F. (1998). Socioemotional selectivity in healthy older people and younger people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: The centrality of emotion when the future is constrained. Health Psychology, 17,1-10.
35. Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165-181.
36. Catterall, M., & Maclaran, P. (2001). Body talk: Questioning the assumptions in cognitive age. Psychology & Marketing, 18(10), 1117-1133.
37. Cleveland, J. N., Festa, R. M., & Montgomery, L. (1988). Applicant pool composition and job perceptions: Impact on decisions regarding an older applicant. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 32(1), 112-125.
38. Cleveland, J. N., & Hollmann, G. (1990). The effects of the age-type of tasks and incumbent age composition on job perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36(2), 181-194.
39. Cleveland, J. N., & Landy, F. J. (1983). The effects of person and job stereotypes on two personnel decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 609-619.
40. Cleveland, J. N., & Shore, L. M. (1992). Self- and supervisory perspectives on age and work attitudes and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(4), 469-484.
41. Cleveland, J. N., Shore, L. M., & Murphy, K. R. (1997). Person- and context-oriented perceptual age measures:Additional evidence of distinctiveness and usefulness. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(3), 239-251.
42. Cutler, N. E. (1982). Subjective age identification. In D. J. Mangen & W. A. Peterson (Eds.), Research instruments in social gerontology (Vol. 1, pp. 437-461). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
43. Dendinger, V. M., Adams, G. A., & Jacobson, J. D. (2005). Reasons for working and their relationship to retirement attitudes, job satisfaction and occupational self-efficacy of bridge employees. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 61(1), 21-35.
44. Economist. (June 27, 2009). A slow-burning fuse. The Economist, 391(8637).
45. Ekerdt, D. J., Kosloski, K., & DeViney, S. (2000). The normative anticipation of retirement by older workers. Research on Aging, 22(1), 3-22.
46. Farr, J. L., & Ringseis, E. L. (2002). The older worker in organizational context: Beyond the individual. In C. L. Cooper & I. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 17, pp. 31-76). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
47. Finkelstein, L. M., & Farrell, S. K. (2007). An expanded view of age bias in the workplace. In K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 73-108). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
48. Forteza, J. A., & Prieto, J. M. (1994). Aging and work behavior. In H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 447-483). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press.
49. Fozard, J. L., Metter, E. J., & Brant, L. J. (1990). Next steps in describing aging and disease in longitudinal studies. Journal of Gerontology, 45, 116-127.
50. Fry, C. L. (1996). Age, aging, and culture. In R. H. Binstock & L. K. Gerorge (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social science (pp. 117-136). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
51. Fung, H. H., & Carstensen, L. L. (2006). Goals change when life's fragility is primed: Lessons learned from older adults, the September 11 attacks and SARS. Social Cognition, 24(3), 248-278.
52. Galambos, N. L., Albrecht, A. K., & Jansson, S. M. (2009). Dating, sex, and substance use predict increases in adolescents' subjective age across two years. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 32-41.
53. Giniger, S., Dispenzieri, A., & Eisenberg, J. (1983). Age, experience, and performance on speed and skill jobs in an applied setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(3), 469-475.
54. Goldberg, C. B., Finkelstein, L. M., Perry, E. L., & Konrad, A. M. (2004). Job and industry fit: The effects of age and gender matches on career progress outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(7), 807-829.
55. Gould, S. J., & Barak, B. (1988). Public self-consciousness and consumption behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 128(3), 393-400.
56. Greller, M. M., & Stroh, L. K. (2004). Making the most of "late-career" for employers and workers themselves:Becoming elders not relics. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 202-214.
57. Gwinner, K. P., & Stephens, N. (2001). Testing the implied mediational role of cognitive age. Psychology & Marketing, 18(10), 1031-1048.
58. Hagestad, G.O., (1990). Social perspectives on the life course. In Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, ed. R Binstock, L George, pp. 151-168. New York: Academic. 3rd ed
59. Hayward, M. D., Friedman, S., & Chen, H. (1998). Career trajectories and older men's retirement. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 53B(2), S91-S103.
60. Henderson, K. V., Goldsmith, R. E., & Flynn, L. R. (1995). Demographic characteristics of subjective age. Journal of Social Psychology, 135(4), 447-457.
61. Hubley, A. M., & Hultsch, D. F. (1994). The relationship of personality trait variables to subjective age identity in older adults. Research on Aging, 16(4), 415-439.
62. Hubley, A. M., & Russell, L. B. (2009). Prediction of subjective age, desired age, and age satisfaction in older adults: Do some health dimensions contribute more than others? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 12-21.
63. Karasik, D., Demissie, S., Cupples, L. A., & Kiel, D. P. (2005). Disentangling the genetic determinants of human aging: Biological age as an alternative to the use of survival measures. Journals of Gerontology: Series A:Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 60A(5), 574-587.
64. Kastenbaum, R., Derbin, V., Sabatini, P., & Artt, S. (1972). The ages of me: Toward personal and interpersonal definitions of functional aging. Aging and Human Development, 3(2), 197-211.
65. Kertzer, D. I. (1989). Age structuring in comparative and historical perspective. In D. I. Kertzer & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Age structuring in comparative and historical perspective (pp. 3-21). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
66. Kluge, A., & Krings, F. (2008). Attitudes toward older workers and human resource practices. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 67(1), 61-64.
67. Knoll, N., Rieckmann, N., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2004). Predictors of subjective age before and after cataract surgery: Conscientiousness makes a difference. Psychology and Aging, 19(4), 676-688.
68. Kubeck, J. E., Delp, N. D., Haslett, T. K., & McDaniel, M. A. (1996). Does job-related training performance decline with age? Psychology and Aging, 11(1), 92-107.
69. Lawrence, B. S. (1984). Age grading: The implicit organizational timetable. Journal if Occupational Behaviour, 5(1), 23-35.
70. Lawrence, B. S. (1988). New wrinkles in the theory of age: Demography, norms, and performance ratings/Academy of Management Journal, 31(2), 309-337.
71. Lawrence, B. S. (1996). Organizational age norms: Why it is so hard to know one when you see one? Gerontologist, 36(2), 209-220.
72. Lachman, M. E. (2004). Development in midlife. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 305-331.
73. Lang, F. R., & Carstensen, L. L. (2002). Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1), 125-139.
74. Logan, J. R., Ward, R., & Spitze, G. (1992). As old as you feel: Age identity in middle and later life. Social Forces, 71(2), 451-467.
75. Ludwig, F. C., & Smoke, M. E. (1980). The measurement of biological age. Experimental Aging Research, 6, 497-522.
76. Mathur, A., & Moschis, G. P. (2005). Antecedents of cognitive age: A replication and extension. Psychology & Marketing, 22(12), 969-994.
77. Mc Evoy, G. M., & Cascio, W. F. (1989). Cumulative evidence of the relationship between employee age and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 11-17.
78. Montepare, J. M. (1996). An assessment of adults' perceptions of their psychological, physical, and social ages. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 2(2), 117-128.
79. Montepare, J. M. (2009). Subjective age: Toward a guiding lifespan framework. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 42-46.
80. Montepare, J. M., & Lachman, M. E. (1989). "You're only as old as you feel": Self-perceptions of age, fears of aging, and life satisfaction from adolescence to old age. Psychology and Aging, 4(1), 73-78.
81. Moody, H. R. (1988). Towards a critical gerontology: The contribution of humanities to theories of aging. In J. E. Birren & V. L. Bengtson (Eds.), Emergent theories of aging (pp. 19-40). New York: Springer.
82. Morgeson, F. P., Reider, M. H., Campion, M. A., & Bull, R. A. (2008). Review of research on age discrimination in the employment interview. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22(3), 223-232.
83. Moschis, G. P., Mathur, A., & Smith, R. B. (1993). Older consumers' orientations toward age-based marketing stimuli. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(3), 195-205.
84. Neugarten, B. L., & Hagestad, G. O. (1976). Age and the life course. In R. H. Binstock & S. E (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (pp. 35-55). New York: Van Nostrand.
85. Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2008). The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 392-423.
86. Patronek, G. J., Waters, D. J., & Glickman, L. T. (1997). Comparative longevity of pet dogs and humans: Implications for gerontology research. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 52A(3), 171-178.
87. Perry, E. L. (1994). A prototype matching approach to understanding the role of applicant gender and age in the evaluation of job applicants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24(16), 1433-1473.
88. Perry, E. L. & Bourhis, A. C. (1998) A closer look at the role of the applicant age in the selection decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 28(18), 1670-1697.
89. Perry, E. L., Kulik, C. T., & Bourhis, A. C. (1996). Moderating effects for personal and contextual factors in age discrimination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 628-647.
90. Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Gender differences in self-concept and psychological well-being in old age: A meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology, 56B, 123-195.
91. Rau, B. L., & Adams, G. A. (2005). Attracting retirees to apply: Desired organizational characteristics of bridge employment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(6), 649-660.
92. Salthouse, T. A., & Maurer, T. J. (1996). Aging, job performance, and career development. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 353-364). San Diego: Academic Press.
93. Schaie, K. W. (1996). Adult intellectual development: The Seattle longitudinal study. New York: Cambridge University Press.
94. Schaie, K. W. (2005). Developmental influences on adult intelligence: The Seattle longitudinal study. New York:Oxford University Press.
95. Schaie, K. W., & Gribbin, K. (1975). Adult development and aging. Annual Review of Psychology, 26, 65-96.
96. Settersten, R. A., & Hagestad, G. O. (1996). What's the latest? Cultural age deadlines for family transitions. Gerontologist, 36(2), 178-188.
97. Settersten, R. A., & Mayer, K. U. (1997). The measurement of age, age structuring, and the life course. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 233-261.
98. Sharkey, B. J. (1987). Functional vs. chronological age. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19(2), 174-178.
99. Shore, L. M., Cleveland, J. N., & Goldberg, C. B. (2003). Work attitudes and decisions as a function of manager age and employee age. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 529-537.
100. Shultz, K. S., Morton, K. R., & Weckerle, J. R. (1998). The influence of push and pull factors on voluntary and involuntary early retirees' retirement decision and adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53(1), 45-57.
101. Stagner, R. (1985). Aging in industry. In J. E. Birren & S. K. Warner (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
102. Staudinger, U. M., & Bluck, S. (2001). A view on midlife development from life-span theory. In M. E. Lachman (Ed.), Handbook of midlife development (pp. 2-39). New York: John Wiley.
103. Sudbury, L., & Simcock, P. (2009). Understanding older consumers through cognitive age and the list of values: A U.K.-based perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 26(1), 22-38.
104. Sutton, R. I., & Staw, B. M. (1995). What theory is not. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 371-384.
105. Szmigin, I., & Carrigan, M. (2001a). Learning to love the older consumer. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(1), 22-34.
106. Szmigin, I., & Carrigan, M. (2001b). Time, consumption, and the older consumer: An interpretive study of the cognitively young. Psychology & Marketing, 18(10), 1091-1116.
107. Thomas, K. (1976). Age and authority in early modern England. Proceedings of the British Academy, 62, 205-248.
108. Treadway, D. C., Ferris, G. R., Hochwarter, W., Perrewé, P., Witt, L. A., & Goodman, J. M. (2005). The role of age in the perceptions of politics-job performance relationship: A three-study constructive replication. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 872-881.
109. Uotinen, V., Suutama, T., & Ruoppila, I. (2003). Age identification in the framework of successful aging. A study of older Finnish people. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 56(3), 173-195.
110. U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: 2009. Issued May 2011. Retrieved on 10/20/2011 from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p70-125.pdf
111. Waldman, D. A., & Avolio, B. J. (1986). A meta-analysis of age differences in job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(1), 33-38.
112. Warr, P. (1994). Age and employment. In H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 485-550). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press.
113. Weiss, E. M., & Maurer, T. J. (2004). Age discrimination in personnel decisions: A reexamination. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(8), 1551-1562.
114. Westerhof, G. J., Barrett, A. E., & Steverink, N. (2003). Forever young? A comparison of age identities in the United States and Germany. Research on Aging, 25(4), 366-383.
115. Wilkes, R. E. (1992). A structural modeling approach to the measurement and meaning of cognitive age. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(2), 292-301.
116. Zacher, H., & Frese, M. (2009). Remaining time and opportunities at work: Relationships between age, work characteristics, and occupational future time perspective. Psychology and Aging, 24(2), 487-493.