An expanded view of age bias in the workplace

Aging and Work in The 21st Century

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 73-108

  Finkelstein, Lisa M ^a   Farrell, Sara K ^a  

^a NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925778879     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203936948     Document Type: Chapter

References (94)

1. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, 42 U.S.C. § 6101 et seq.
2. Avolio, B. J., & Barrett, G. V. (1987). Effects of age stereotyping in a simulated interview. Psychology and Aging, 2, 56-63.
3. Biernat, M., Manis, M., & Nelson, T. E. (1991). Stereotypes and standards of judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 485-499.
4. Bird, C. P, & Fisher, T. D. (1986). Thirty years later: Attitudes toward the employment of older workers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 515-517.
5. Bobo, L. (1983). Whites' opposition to busing: Symbolic racism or realistic group conflict? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1196-1210.
6. Braithwaite, V., Gibson, D., & Holman, J. (1986). Age stereotyping: Are we oversimplifying the phenomenon? International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 22, 315-325.
7. Brief, A. E, & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279-307.
8. Bytheway, B. (2005). Ageism and age categorization. Journal of Social Issues, 61,361-374.
9. Chasteen, A. L., Schwarz, N., & Park, D. (2002). The activation of aging stereotypes in younger and older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences, 57B, 540-547.
10. Chiu, W C. K., Chan, A. W, Snape, E., & Redman, T. (2001). Age stereotypes and dis-criminatory attitudes toward older workers: An East-West comparison. Human Relations, 54, 629-661.
11. Cleveland, J. N., Festa, R. M., & Montgomery, L. (1988). Applicant pool composition and job perceptions: Impact on decisions regarding an older applicant. Journal of Voca-tional Behavior, 32, 112-125.
12. Cleveland, J. N., & Landy, F. J. (1983). The effects of person and job stereotypes on two personnel decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 609-619.
13. Cleveland, J. N., & Landy, F. J. (1987). Age perceptions of jobs: Convergence of two ques-tionnaires. Psychological Reports, 60, 1075-1081.
14. Connor, C. L., Walsh, P, Litzelman, D. K., & Alvarez, M. G. (1978). Evaluation of job applicants: The effects of age vs. success. Journal of Gerontology, 33, 246-252.
15. Craft, J. A., Doctors, S. I., Shkop, Y. M., & Benecki, T. J. (1979). Simulated management perceptions, hiring decisions and age. Aging and Work, 2, 95-102.
16. Crew, J. C. (1984). Age stereotypes as a function of race. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 431-435.
17. Cuddy, A. J. C., & Fiske, S. T. (2002). Doddering but dear: Process, content, and function in stereotyping of older persons. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism (pp. 4-26). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
18. Cuddy, A. J. C., Norton, M. I., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). This old stereotype: The pervasive-ness and persistence of the elderly stereotype. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 267-286.
19. Dasgupta, N., & Greenwald, A. G. (2001). On the malleability of automatic attitudes: Combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 800-814.
20. Dedrick, E. J., & Dobbins, G. H. (1991). The influence of subordinate age on managerial actions: An attributional analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12, 367-377.
21. Donlon, M. M., Ashman, O., & Levy, B. R. (2005). Re-vision of older television charac-ters: A stereotype-awareness intervention. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 307-320.
22. Dovidio, J. F., Brigham, J. C., Johnson, B. T, & Gaertner, S. L. (1996). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: Another look. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and Stereotyping. New York: Guilford.
23. Drehmer, D. E., Carlucci, C. A., Bordieri, J. E., & Pincus, L. B. (1992). Effects of age on ranking for reduction in workforce. Psychological Reports, 70, 1203-1209.
24. Finkelstein, L. M. (2005). Intergenerational issues inside the organization. In P Beatty & R. Visser (Eds.), Thriving on an aging workforce. Melbourne, FL: Krieger.
25. Finkelstein, L. M., & Burke, M. J. (1998). Age stereotyping at work: The role of rater and contextual factors on evaluations of job applicants. The Journal of General Psychology, 125,317-345.
26. Finkelstein, L. M., Burke, M. J., & Raju, N. S. (1995). Age discrimination in simulated employment contexts: An integrative analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 652-663.
27. Finkelstein, L. M., Higgins, K. D., & Clancy, M. (2000). Justifications for ratings of older and young job applicants: An exploratory content analysis. Experimental Aging Re-search, 26, 263-283.
28. Fiske, S. T. (2004). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination: Social biases. In Social beings: A core motives approach to social psychology (pp. 397-457). New Jersey: Wiley.
29. Fiske, S. T, & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on atten-tion and interpretation. In M. P Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychol-ogy (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74). London: Academic Press.
30. Forteza, J. A., & Prieto, J. M. (1994). Aging and work behavior. In M. Dunnette, L. Hough, & H. Triandis (Eds.), Handbook of industrial organizational psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 447483). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
31. Fusilier, M. R., & Hitt, M. A. (1983). Effects of age, race, sex, and employment experience on students' perceptions of job applications. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57, 1127-1134.
32. Gibson, K. J., Zerbe, W. J., & Franken, R. E. (1993). The influence of rater and rate age on judgments of work-related attributes. The Journal of Psychology, 127, 271-280.
33. Giles, H., & Reid, S. A. (2005). Ageism across the lifespan: Towards a self-categorization model of aging. Journal of Social Issues, 61,389-404.
34. Goebel, B. L. (1984). Age stereotypes held by student nurses. The Journal of Psychology, 116, 249-254.
35. Gordon, R. A., & Arvey, R. D. (1986). Perceived and actual ages of workers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 28, 21-28.
36. Gordon, R. A., & Arvey, R. D. (2004). Age bias in laboratory and field settings: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 468-492.
37. Gordon, R. A., Rozelle, R. M., & Baxter, J. C. (1988). The effect of applicant age, job level, and accountability on the evaluation of job applicants. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 41, 20-33.
38. Gordon, R. A., Rozelle, R. M., & Baxter, J. C. (1989). The effect of applicant age, job level, and accountability on perceptions of female job applicants. The Journal of Psychology, 123, 59-68.
39. Haefner, J. E. (1977). Race, age, sex, and competence as factors in employer selection of the disadvantaged. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 199-202.
40. Hagestad, G. O., & Uhlenberg, P (2005). The social separation of old and young: A root of ageism. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 343-360.
41. Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1994). Illusory correlations: Implications for stereotype theory and research. In D. Bar-Tal, C. F. Grauman, A. W. Kruglanski, & W. Shroebe (Eds.), Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing conceptions (pp. 59-84). New York: Springer.
42. Hassell, B. L., & Perrewe, E L. (1995). An examination of beliefs about older workers: Do stereotypes still exist? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 457-468.
43. Hummert, M. L. (1990). Multiple stereotypes of elderly and young adults: A comparison of structure and evaluations. Psychology and Aging, 5, 182-193.
44. Hummert, M. L. (1999). A social cognitive perspective on age stereotypes. In T. M. Hess & F. Blanchard-Fields (Eds.), Social Cognition and Aging (pp. 175-196). San Diego: Academic Press.
45. Hummert, M. L., Garstka, T. A., & Shaner, J. L. (1997). Stereotyping of older adults: The role of target facial cues and perceiver characteristics. Psychology and Aging, 12, 107-114.
46. Intrieri, R. C., von Eye, A., & Kelly, J. A. (1995). The aging semantic differential: A con-firmatory factor analysis. The Gerontologist, 35, 616-621.
47. Jackson, L. A., & Sullivan, L. A. (1988). Age stereotype disconfirming information and evaluations of old people. The Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 721-729.
48. Kalavar, J. M. (2001). Examining ageism: Do male and female college students differ? Edu-cational Gerontology, 27, 507-513.
49. Kirchner, W. K., & Dunnette, M. D. (1954). Attitudes toward older workers. Personnel Psy-chology, 7, 257-265.
50. Kite, M. E., & Smith Wagner, L. (2002). Attitudes toward older adults. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 129-161). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
51. Kite, M. E., Stockdale, G. D., Whitley Jr., B. E., & Johnson, B. T. (2005). Attitudes toward younger and older adults: An updated meta-analytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 241-266.
52. Kogan, N. (1961). Attitudes toward old people: The development of a scale and an exami-nation of correlates. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62, 44-54.
53. Kogan, N., & Shelton, F. C. (1960). Differential cue value of age and occupation in impression formation. Psychological Reports, 7, 203-216.
54. Lawrence, B. S. (1988). New wrinkles in the theory of age: Demography, norms, and per-formance ratings. Academy of Management Journal, 31,309-337.
55. Lee, J. A., & Clemons, T. (1985). Factors affecting employment decisions about older work-ers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 785-788.
56. Levin, W. C. (1988). Age stereotyping: College student evaluations. Research on Aging, 10, 134-148.
57. Levy, B. R., & Banaji, R. B. (2002). Implicit ageism. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereo-typing and prejudice against older persons (pp. 49-75). Cambridge, MA US: MIT Press.
58. Levy, B., & Langer, E. (1994). Aging free from negative stereotypes: Successful memory in China among the American deaf. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 989-997.
59. Leyens, J. P, Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Schadron, G. (1992). The social judgeability approach to stereotypes. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (pp. 92-120). Chichester, England: Wiley.
60. Liden, R. C., Stilwell, D., & Ferris, G. R. (1996). The effects of supervisor and subordinate age on objective performance and subjective performance ratings. Human Relations, 49, 327-347.
61. Lin, T. R., Dobbins, G. H., & Farh, J. L. (1992). A field study of race and age similarity effects on interview ratings in conventional and situational interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 363-371.
62. Linville, P W. (1982). The complexity-extremity effect and age-based stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 193-211.
63. Locke-Connor, C., & Walsh, R. P (1980). Attitudes toward the older job applicant: Just as competent but more likely to fail. Journal of Gerontology, 35, 920-927.
64. Loretto, W., Duncan, C., & White, P J. (2000). Ageism and employment: Controversies, ambiguities, and younger people's perceptions. Ageing and Society, 20, 279-302.
65. Lyon, P, & Pollard, D. (1997). Perceptions of the older employee: is anything really chang-ing? Personnel Review, 26, 245-257.
66. Martens, A., Goldenberg, J. L., & Greenberg, J. (2005). A terror management perspective on ageism. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 223-240.
67. McCann, R., & Giles, H. (2002). Ageism in the workplace: A communication perspective. In Nelson, T. D. (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 163-199). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
68. Nelson, T. D. (2005). Ageism: Prejudice against our feared future self. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 207-222.
69. Nussbaum, J. F, Pitts, M. J., Huber, F N., Krieger, J. L., & Ohs, J. E. (2005). Ageism and ageist language across the life span: Intimate relationships and non-intimate interac-tions. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 287-306.
70. Perdue, C. W., & Gurtman, M. B. (1990). Evidence for the automaticity of ageism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 199-216.
71. Perry, E. L. (1994). A prototype matching approach to understanding the role of applicant gender and age in the evaluation of job applicants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1433-1473.
72. Perry, E. L. (1997). A cognitive approach to understanding discrimination: A closer look at applicant gender and age. In G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human re-sources management (vol. 15, pp. 175-240). Greenwich, CT: JAI Pess
73. Perry, E. L., & Bourhis, A. C. (1998). A closer look at the role of applicant age in selection decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1670-1697.
74. Perry, E. L., & Finkelstein, L. M. (1999). Toward a broader view of age discrimination in employment-related decisions: A joint consideration of organizational factors and cog-nitive processes. Human Resource Management Review, 9, 21-49.
75. Perry, E. L., Kulik, C. T, & Bourhis, A. C. (1996). Moderating effects of personal and contextual factors in age discrimination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 628-647.
76. Perry, E. L., & Parlamis, J. D. (2005). Age and ageism in organizations: A review and con-sideration of national culture. In A. M. Konrad, P Prasad, & J. K. Pringle, (Eds.), Hand-book of Workplace Diversity. London: Sage.
77. Perry, J. S., & Varney, T. L. (1978). College students' attitudes toward workers' competence and age. Psychological Reports, 42, 1319-1322.
78. Remery, C., Henkens, K., Schippers, J., & Ekamper, P (2003). Managing an ageing workforce and a tight labor market: Views held by Dutch employers. Population Research and Policy Review, 22, 21-40.
79. Rosen, B., & Jerdee, T. H. (1976a). The nature of job-related age stereotypes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 180-183.
80. Rosen, B., & Jerdee, T. H. (1976b). The influence of age stereotypes on managerial deci-sions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 428-432.
81. Rosen, B., & Jerdee, T. H. (1977). Too old or not too old? Harvard Business Review, 55, 97-106.
82. Rothbaum, F. (1983). Aging and age stereotypes. Social Cognition, 2, 171-184.
83. Rupp, D. E., Vodanovich, S. J., & Crede, M. (2005). The multidimensional nature of ageism: Construct validity and group differences. Journal of Social Psychology, 145, 335-364.
84. Rupp, D. E., Vodanovich, S. J., & Crede, M. (in press). Age bias in the workplace: The impact of ageism and causal attributions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
85. Shore, L. M., Cleveland, J. N., & Goldberg, C. B. (2003). Work attitudes and decisions as a function of manager age and employee age. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 529-537.
86. Shore, L. M., & Goldberg, C. B. (2004). Age discrimination in the workplace. In R. L. Dipboye & A. Colella (Eds.), Discrimination at Work (pp. 203-226). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
87. Singer, M. S. (1987). Age stereotypes as a function of profession. The Journal of Social Psy-chology, 126, 697-692.
88. Singer, M. S., & Sewell, C. (1989). Applicant age and selection interview decisions: Effect of information exposure on age discrimination in personnel selection. Personnel Psychology, 42, 135-154.
89. Snyder, M., & Miene, E K. (1994). Stereotyping of the elderly: A functional approach. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 63-82.
90. Taylor, P, & Walker, A. (1998). Employers and older workers: Attitudes and employment practices. Aging and Society, 18, 641-658.
91. Triandis, H. C. (1963). Factors affecting employee selection in two cultures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 47, 89-96.
92. Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 2, pp. 77-122). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
93. Vrugt, A., & Schabracq, M. (1996). Stereotypes with respect to elderly employees: The contribution of attribute information and representativeness. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 6, 287-292.
94. Weiss, E. M., & Maurer, T. J. (2004). Age discrimination in personnel decisions: A re-examination. Journal of Applied Social Psychology? 34, 1551-1562.