Pathogenesis and novel treatment from the mouse model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy

The Scientific World Journal

Volumn 2013, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Furukawa, Masako ^a   Gohda, Tomohito ^a   Tanimoto, Mitsuo ^a   Tomino, Yasuhiko ^a  

^a JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 ISOPROPYLIDENEHYDRAZONO 4 OXO 5 THIAZOLIDINYLACETANILIDE; 2,3 DIAMINOPHENAZINE; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMINOGUANIDINE; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ASCORBIC ACID; CALCITRIOL; CANDESARTAN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INSULIN; ISOPRENOID; LIPID; LOSARTAN; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PARICALCITOL; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AGONIST; PHENACYLTHIAZOLIUM BROMIDE; PIOGLITAZONE; PITAVASTATIN; PYRIDOXAMINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VITAMIN D DERIVATIVE;

ALBUMINURIA; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXERCISE; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GLOMERULUS BASEMENT MEMBRANE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY FIBROSIS; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LIPID STORAGE; MICROALBUMINURIA; NEPHRITIS; NITROSATIVE STRESS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PODOCYTE; PROTEINURIA; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DISEASE MODEL; KIDNEY; MOUSE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; KIDNEY; MICE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC;

EID: 84878324732     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1537744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2013/928197     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Stenvinkel P., Chronic kidney disease: a public health priority and harbinger of premature cardiovascular disease. Journal of Internal Medicine 2010 268 5 456 467 2-s2.0-77958600480 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02269.x
2. Sarnak M. J., Levey A. S., Schoolwerth A. C., Coresh J., Culleton B., Hamm L. L., McCullough P. A., Kasiske B. L., Kelepouris E., Klag M. J., Parfrey P., Pfeffer M., Raij L., Spinosa D. J., Wilson P. W., Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2003 108 17 2154 2169 2-s2.0-0141468244 10.1161/01.CIR.0000095676. 90936.80 (Pubitemid 37337595)
3. Writing Team for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group, Sustained effect of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003 290 16 2159 2167 2-s2.0-0142087597 10.1001/jama.290.16. 2159 (Pubitemid 37432976)
4. Adler A. I., Stevens R. J., Manley S. E., Bilous R. W., Cull C. A., Holman R. R., Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney International 2003 63 1 225 232 2-s2.0-0037213037 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00712.x (Pubitemid 35463925)
5. Bakris G. L., Williams M., Dworkin L., Elliott W. J., Epstein M., Toto R., Tuttle K., Douglas J., Hsueh W., Sowers J., Willis K., Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2000 36 3 646 661 2-s2.0-0033852481
6. Schrier R. W., Estacio R. O., Esler A., Mehler P., Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney International 2002 61 3 1086 1097 2-s2.0-0036190137 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x (Pubitemid 34175478)
7. Shankar A., Klein R., Klein B. E. K., Nieto F. J., Moss S. E., Relationship between low-normal blood pressure and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. Hypertension 2007 49 1 48 54 2-s2.0-33847643616 10.1161/01.HYP. 0000252431.75154.3a (Pubitemid 46360340)
8. Remuzzi G., Ruggenenti P., Perna A., Dimitrov B. D., De Zeeuw D., Hille D. A., Shahinfar S., Carides G. W., Brenner B. M., Continuum of renoprotection with losartan at all stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a post hoc analysis of the RENAAL trial results. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004 15 12 3117 3125 2-s2.0-9644294206 10.1097/01.ASN.0000146423.71226.0C (Pubitemid 39578844)
9. Ritz E., Orth S. R., Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The New England Journal of Medicine 1999 341 15 1127 1133 2-s2.0-0033533807 10.1056/NEJM199910073411506 (Pubitemid 29466226)
10. Aoki T., Kaneko S., Tanimoto M., Identification of quantitative trait loci for diabetic nephropathy in KK-Ay/Ta mice. Journal of Nephrology 2012 25 1 127 136 10.5301/JN.2011.8433
11. Tesch G. H., Lim A. K. H., Recent insights into diabetic renal injury from the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. American Journal of Physiology 2011 300 2 F301 F310 2-s2.0-79551520659 10.1152/ajprenal.00607.2010
12. Stanton R. C., Oxidative stress and diabetic kidney disease. Current Diabetes Reports 2011 11 4 330 336 10.1007/s11892-011-0196-9
13. Lim A. K., Tesch G. H., Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Mediators of Inflammation 2012 2012 12 10.1155/2012/146154 146154
14. Karihaloo A., Anti-fibrosis therapy and diabetic nephropathy. Current Diabetes Reports 2012 12 4 414 422 10.1007/s11892-012-0290-7
15. Tomino Y., Tanimoto M., Shike T., Shiina K., Fan Q., Liao J., Gohda T., Makita Y., Funabiki K., Pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from the spontaneous KK/Ta mouse model. Current Diabetes Reviews 2005 1 3 281 286 2-s2.0-59849124847
16. Ito T., Tanimoto M., Yamada K., Kaneko S., Matsumoto M., Obayashi K., Hagiwara S., Murakoshi M., Aoki T., Wakabayashi M., Gohda T., Funabiki K., Maeda K., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Glomerular changes in the KK-Ay/Ta mouse: a possible model for human type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology 2006 11 1 29 35 2-s2.0-33645361420 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00543.x
17. Matsumoto M., Tanimoto M., Gohda T., Aoki T., Murakoshi M., Yamada K., Yamazaki T., Kaneko S., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Effect of pitavastatin on type 2 diabetes mellitus nephropathy in KK-Ay/Ta mice. Metabolism 2008 57 5 691 697 2-s2.0-42949130547 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.007 (Pubitemid 351608231)
18. Moon J. Y., Tanimoto M., Gohda T., Hagiwara S., Yamazaki T., Ohara I., Murakoshi M., Aoki T., Ishikawa Y., Lee S. H., Jeong K. H., Lee T. W., Ihm C. G., Lim S. J., Tomino Y., Attenuating effect of angiotensin-(1-7) on angiotensin II-mediated NAD(P)H oxidase activation in type 2 diabetic nephropathy of KK-Ay/Ta mice. American Journal of Physiology 2011 300 6 F1271 F1282 2-s2.0-79958143772 10.1152/ajprenal.00065.2010
19. Lewis E. J., Hunsicker L. G., Bain R. P., Rohde R. D., The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. The New England Journal of Medicine 1993 329 20 1456 1462 2-s2.0-0027517659 10.1056/NEJM199311113292004 (Pubitemid 23335891)
20. Andersen S., Tarnow L., Rossing P., Hansen B. V., Parving H. H., Renoprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney International 2000 57 2 601 606 2-s2.0-0033917552 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00880.x (Pubitemid 30430652)
21. Hong S. W., Isono M., Chen S., Iglesias-De La Cruz M. C., Han D. C., Ziyadeh F. N., Increased glomerular and tubular expression of transforming growth factor- β 1, its type II receptor, and activation of the smad signaling pathway in the db/db mouse. American Journal of Pathology 2001 158 5 1653 1663 2-s2.0-0035014583 (Pubitemid 32422930)
22. Lioa J., Kobayashi M., Kanamuru Y., Nakamura S., Makita Y., Funabiki K., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Effects of candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, on diabetic nephropathy in KK/Ta mice. Journal of Nephrology 2003 16 6 841 849 2-s2.0-1642568700 (Pubitemid 38714227)
23. Isono M., Iglesias-De La Cruz M. C., Chen S., Hong S. W., Ziyadeh F. N., Extracellular signal-regulated kinase mediates stimulation of TGF- β 1 and matrix by high glucose in mesangial cells. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000 11 12 2222 2230 2-s2.0-0033662740
24. Kagami S., Border W. A., Miller D. E., Noble N. A., Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor- β expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994 93 6 2431 2437 2-s2.0-0028362076 (Pubitemid 24177156)
25. Fan Q., Liao J., Kobayashi M., Yamashita M., Gu L., Gohda T., Suzuki Y., Wang L. N., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Candesartan reduced advanced glycation end-products accumulation and diminished nitro-oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic KK/Ta mice. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004 19 12 3012 3020 2-s2.0-19944426573 10.1093/ndt/gfh499 (Pubitemid 40057622)
26. Carling D., Zammit V. A., Hardie D. G., A common bicyclic protein kinase cascade inactivates the regulatory enzymes of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. FEBS Letters 1987 223 2 217 222 2-s2.0-0023642627
27. Yamazaki T., Tanimoto M., Gohda T., Ohara I., Hagiwara S., Murakoshi M., Matsumoto M., Kaneko S., Aoki T., Toyoda H., Ishikawa Y., Funabiki K., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Combination effects of enalapril and losartan on lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of KK-Ay/Ta mice. Nephron 2009 113 2 e66 e76 2-s2.0-67650501025 10.1159/000228714
28. Baynes J. W., Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 1991 40 4 405 412 2-s2.0-0025732948
29. Baynes J. W., Thorpe S. R., Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999 48 1 1 9 2-s2.0-0032913309 10.2337/diabetes.48.1.1 (Pubitemid 29019345)
30. Ritz E., Haxsen V., Angiotensin II and oxidative stress: an unholy alliance. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003 14 11 2985 2987 2-s2.0-0142182710 10.1097/01.ASN.0000096784.86791.21 (Pubitemid 37305663)
31. Wolf G., Free radical production and angiotensin. Current Hypertension Reports 2000 2 2 167 173 10.1007/s11906-000-0078-z
32. Zimmerman D., Burns K. D., Angiotensin-(1-7) in kidney disease: a review of the controversies. Clinical Science 2012 123 333 346 10.1042/CS20120111
33. Cooper M. E., Interaction of metabolic and haemodynamic factors in mediating experimental diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 2001 44 11 1957 1972 2-s2.0-0035204171 10.1007/s001250100000 (Pubitemid 33124041)
34. Wendt T. M., Tanji N., Guo J., Kislinger T. R., Qu W., Lu Y., Bucciarelli L. G., Ling Rong L., Moser B., Markowitz G. S., Stein G., Bierhaus A., Liliensiek B., Arnold B., Nawroth P. P., Stern D. M., D'Agati V. D., Schmidt A. M., RAGE drives the development of glomerulosclerosis and implicates podocyte activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. American Journal of Pathology 2003 162 4 1123 1137 2-s2.0-0037377697 (Pubitemid 36350658)
35. Gu L., Hagiwara S., Fan Q., Tanimoto M., Kobata M., Yamashita M., Nishitani T., Gohda T., Ni Z., Qian J., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Role of receptor for advanced glycation end-products and signalling events in advanced glycation end-product-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in differentiated mouse podocytes. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006 21 2 299 313 2-s2.0-31544463531 10.1093/ndt/gfi210 (Pubitemid 43159982)
36. Singh R., Barden A., Mori T., Beilin L., Advanced glycation end-products: a review. Diabetologia 2001 44 2 129 146 2-s2.0-0035135246 10.1007/ s001250051591 (Pubitemid 32156196)
37. Brownlee M., Vlassara H., Kooney A., Ulrich P., Cerami A., Aminoguanidine prevents diabetes-induced arterial wall protein cross-linking. Science 1986 232 4758 1629 1632 2-s2.0-0022644227 (Pubitemid 16095602)
38. Nakamura S., Makita Z., Ishikawa S., Yasumura K., Fujii W., Yanagisawa K., Kawata T., Koike T., Progression of nephropathy in spontaneous diabetic rats is prevented by OPB-9195, a novel inhibitor of advanced glycation. Diabetes 1997 46 5 895 899 2-s2.0-0030906581 (Pubitemid 27188270)
39. Khalifah R. G., Todd P., Booth A. A., Yang S. X., Mott J. D., Hudson B. G., Kinetics of nonenzymatic glycation of ribonuclease a leading to advanced glycation end products. Paradoxical inhibition by ribose leads to facile isolation of protein intermediate for rapid post-Amadori studies. Biochemistry 1996 35 15 4645 4654 2-s2.0-0029995384 10.1021/bi9525942 (Pubitemid 26126681)
40. Khalifah R. G., Baynes J. W., Hudson B. G., Breakthroughs and views. Amadorins: novel post-Amadori inhibitors of advanced glycation reactions. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1999 257 2 251 258 2-s2.0-0033551042 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0371 (Pubitemid 29301430)
41. Tanimoto M., Gohda T., Kaneko S., Hagiwara S., Murakoshi M., Aoki T., Yamada K., Ito T., Matsumoto M., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Effect of pyridoxamine (K-163), an inhibitor of advanced glycation end products, on type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK-Ay/Ta mice. Metabolism 2007 56 2 160 167 2-s2.0-33846092583 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.08.026 (Pubitemid 46074060)
42. Voziyan P. A., Hudson B. G., Pyridoxamine as a multifunctional pharmaceutical: targeting pathogenic glycation and oxidative damage. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2005 62 15 1671 1681 2-s2.0-23844460628 10.1007/s00018-005-5082-7 (Pubitemid 41176049)
43. Tsuchida K., Makita Z., Yamagishi S., Atsumi T., Miyoshi H., Obara S., Ishida M., Ishikawa S., Yasumura K., Koike T., Suppression of transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic nephropathy in rats by a novel advanced glycation end product inhibitor, OPB-9195. Diabetologia 1999 42 5 579 588 2-s2.0-0033007062 10.1007/s001250051198 (Pubitemid 29196009)
44. Fukami K., Ueda S., Yamagishi S. I., Kato S., Inagaki Y., Takeuchi M., Motomiya Y., Bucala R., Iida S., Tamaki K., Imaizumi T., Cooper M. E., Okuda S., AGEs activate mesangial TGF- β -Smad signaling via an angiotensin II type I receptor interaction. Kidney International 2004 66 6 2137 2147 2-s2.0-17144432071 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.66004.x (Pubitemid 41115277)
45. Day C., Thiazolidinediones: a new class of antidiabetic drugs. Diabetic Medicine 1999 16 3 179 192 2-s2.0-0032727659 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00023.x
46. Schwartz S., Raskin P., Fonseca V., Graveline J. F., Effect of troglitazone in insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Troglitazone and Exogenous Insulin Study Group. The New England Journal of Medicine 1998 338 13 861 866 2-s2.0-0032568310 10.1056/NEJM199803263381302 (Pubitemid 28135962)
47. Imano E., Kanda T., Nakatani Y., Nishida T., Arai K., Motomura M., Kajimoto Y., Yamasaki Y., Hori M., Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 1998 21 12 2135 2139 2-s2.0-0031768586 (Pubitemid 28549163)
48. Fujii M., Takemura R., Yamaguchi M., Hasegawa G., Shigeta H., Nakano K., Kondo M., Troglitazone (CS-045) ameliorates albuminuria in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Metabolism 1997 46 9 981 983 2-s2.0-0030823445 10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90264-X (Pubitemid 27371810)
49. Yang T., Michele D. E., Park J., Smart A. M., Lin Z., Brosius F. C., Schnermann J. B., Briggs J. P., Expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptors in the kidney. American Journal of Physiology 1999 277 6 F966 F973 2-s2.0-0033387870 (Pubitemid 30046072)
50. Arima S., Kohagura K., Takeuchi K., Taniyama Y., Sugawara A., Ikeda Y., Abe M., Omata K., Ito S., Biphasic vasodilator action of troglitazone on the renal microcirculation. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002 13 2 342 349 2-s2.0-0036154243 (Pubitemid 34106275)
51. Isshiki K., Haneda M., Koya D., Maeda S., Sugimoto T., Kikkawa R., Thiazolidinedione compounds ameliorate glomerular dysfunction independent of their insulin-sensitizing action in diabetic rats. Diabetes 2000 49 6 1022 1032 2-s2.0-0034033786 (Pubitemid 30349426)
52. McCarthy K. J., Routh R. E., Shaw W., Walsh K., Welbourne T. C., Johnson J. H., Troglitazone halts diabetic glomerulosclerosis by blockade of mesangial expansion. Kidney International 2000 58 6 2341 2350 2-s2.0-0033661968 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00418.x
53. Bank N., Aynedjian H. S., Role of EDRF (nitric oxide) in diabetic renal hyperfiltration. Kidney International 1993 43 6 1306 1312 2-s2.0-0027311108 (Pubitemid 23161417)
54. Veelken R., Hilgers K. F., Hartner A., Haas A., Böhmer K. P., Sterzel R. B., Nitric oxide synthase isoforms and glomerular hyperfiltration in early diabetic nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000 11 1 71 79 2-s2.0-0033982133 (Pubitemid 30020428)
55. Tanimoto M., Fan Q., Gohda T., Shike T., Makita Y., Tomino Y., Effect of pioglitazone on the early stage of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK/Ta mice. Metabolism 2004 53 11 1473 1479 2-s2.0-6944250878 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.06.016 (Pubitemid 39410389)
56. Furuta T., Saito T., Ootaka T., Soma J., Obara K., Abe K., Yoshinaga K., The role of macrophages in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1993 21 5 480 485 2-s2.0-0027231859 (Pubitemid 23160508)
57. Hagiwara S., Makita Y., Gu L., Tanimoto M., Zhang M., Nakamura S., Kaneko S., Itoh T., Gohda T., Horikoshi S., Tomino Y., Eicosapentaenoic acid ameliorates diabetic nephropathy of type 2 diabetic KKAy/Ta mice: involvement of MCP-1 suppression and decreased ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006 21 3 605 615 2-s2.0-33644869129 10.1093/ndt/gfi208 (Pubitemid 43372905)
58. McFarlane S. I., Muniyappa R., Francisco R., Sowers J. R., Clinical review 145: pleiotropic effects of statins: lipid reduction and beyond. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 4 1451 1458 2-s2.0-0036280932 10.1210/jc.87.4.1451 (Pubitemid 34615220)
59. Endres M., Laufs U., Effects of statins on endothelium and signaling mechanisms. Stroke 2004 35 11 2708 2711 2-s2.0-7644242146 10.1161/01.STR. 0000143319.73503.38 (Pubitemid 39458376)
60. Epstein M., Campese V. M., Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors on renal function. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2005 45 1 2 14 2-s2.0-11144322775 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.08.040 (Pubitemid 40038040)
61. Usui H., Shikata K., Matsuda M., HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by its pleiotropic effects in rats. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2003 18 2 265 272 10.1093/ndt/18.2.265 (Pubitemid 36181675)
62. Danesh F. R., Kanwar Y. S., Modulatory effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in diabetic microangiopathy. FASEB Journal 2004 18 7 805 815 2-s2.0-2142773128 10.1096/fj.03-0839rev (Pubitemid 38544499)
63. Booth A. A., Khalifah R. G., Todd P., Hudson B. G., In vitro kinetic studies of formation of antigenic advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Novel inhibition of post-Amadori glycation pathways. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997 272 9 5430 5437 2-s2.0-0031054249 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5430 (Pubitemid 27102361)
64. Miyoshi H., Taguchi T., Sugiura M., Takeuchi M., Yanagisawa K., Watanabe Y., Miwa I., Makita Z., Koike T., Aminoguanidine pyridoxal adduct is superior to aminoguanidine for preventing diabetic nephropathy in mice. Hormone and Metabolic Research 2002 34 7 371 377 2-s2.0-0036628922 10.1055/s-2002-33478
65. Levin A., Bakris G. L., Molitch M., Smulders M., Tian J., Williams L. A., Andress D. L., Prevalence of abnormal serum vitamin D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the study to evaluate early kidney disease. Kidney International 2007 71 1 31 38 2-s2.0-33845700085 10.1038/sj.ki.5002009 (Pubitemid 44967731)
66. Makibayashi K., Tatematsu M., Hirata M., Fukushima N., Kusano K., Ohashi S., Abe H., Kuze K., Fukatsu A., Kita T., Doi T., A vitamin D analog ameliorates glomerular injury on rat glomerulonephritis. American Journal of Pathology 2001 158 5 1733 1741 2-s2.0-0035014585 (Pubitemid 32422938)
67. 3 in experimental mesangial proliferative nephritis in rats. Kidney International 2001 60 1 87 95 2-s2.0-0034950748 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00775.x (Pubitemid 32587543)
68. 3 on glomerulosclerosis in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Kidney International 1998 53 6 1696 1705 2-s2.0-0031749608 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00951.x (Pubitemid 28243754)
69. Zhang Z., Sun L., Wang Y., Ning G., Minto A. W., Kong J., Quigg R. J., Li Y. C., Renoprotective role of the vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney International 2008 73 2 163 171 2-s2.0-37549046405 10.1038/sj.ki.5002572
70. Li Y. C., Qiao G., Uskokovic M., Xiang W., Zheng W., Kong J., Vitamin D: a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and blood pressure. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2004 89-90 387 392 2-s2.0-3042594296 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.004 (Pubitemid 38844316)
71. 3 suppresses renin gene transcription by blocking the activity of the cyclic AMP response element in the renin gene promoter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007 282 41 29821 29830 2-s2.0-35648976022 10.1074/jbc.M705495200 (Pubitemid 350035242)
72. 3 in type 2 diabetic nephropathy in KK-A y/Ta mice. Nephron 2011 117 4 e124 e132 2-s2.0-77957780608 10.1159/000320284
73. de Zeeuw D., Agarwal R., Amdahl M., Audhya P., Coyne D., Garimella T., Parving H. H., Pritchett Y., Remuzzi G., Ritz E., Andress D., Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2010 376 9752 1543 1551 2-s2.0-78149359262 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61032-X
74. Susztak K., Raff A. C., Schiffer M., Böttinger E. P., Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2006 55 1 225 233 2-s2.0-33644783770 10.2337/diabetes.55.1.225 (Pubitemid 43343319)
75. Boor P., Celec P., Behuliak M., Grančič P., Kebis A., Kukan M., Pronayová N., Liptaj T., Ostendorf T., Šebeková K., Regular moderate exercise reduces advanced glycation and ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy in obese Zucker rats. Metabolism 2009 58 11 1669 1677 2-s2.0-70449704575 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.025
76. Ishikawa Y., Gohda T., Tanimoto M., Effect of exercise on kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice. Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 2012 10 10.1155/2012/702948 702948