메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 211-216

Immune activation and HIV persistence: Considerations for novel therapeutic interventions

Author keywords

HIV; immune activation; inflammation; T cell activation; viral persistence

Indexed keywords

ACTG 5317; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CD14 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; CELECOXIB; CHLOROQUINE; LISINOPRIL; MESALAZINE; PLACEBO; PREBIOTIC AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT; RIFAXIMIN; SEVELAMER; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALGANCICLOVIR;

EID: 84876420618     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32835f9788     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (67)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0038701685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy
    • + T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:1534-1543.
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.187 , pp. 1534-1543
    • Hunt, P.W.1    Martin, J.N.2    Sinclair, E.3
  • 3
    • 77952571995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of inflammation, coagulation, and renal function are elevated in adults with HIV infection
    • Neuhaus J, Jacobs DR Jr, Baker JV, et al. Markers of inflammation, coagulation, and renal function are elevated in adults with HIV infection. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:1788-1795.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.201 , pp. 1788-1795
    • Neuhaus, J.1    Jacobs Jr., D.R.2    Baker, J.V.3
  • 4
    • 79957940339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after antiretroviral therapy
    • Burdo TH. Soluble CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:154-163.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.204 , pp. 154-163
    • Burdo, T.H.1
  • 5
    • 80052882129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is related to activation and turnover of memory CD4 cells
    • Lederman MM. Immunologic failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is related to activation and turnover of memory CD4 cells. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1217-1226.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.204 , pp. 1217-1226
    • Lederman, M.M.1
  • 6
    • 55949084601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection
    • Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e203.
    • (2008) PLoS Med , vol.5
    • Kuller, L.H.1    Tracy, R.2    Belloso, W.3
  • 7
    • 80055049890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of CD8+ T cell activation on CD4+ T cell recovery and mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy
    • Hunt PW, Cao HL, Muzoora C, et al. Impact of CD8+ T cell activation on CD4+ T cell recovery and mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2011; 25:2123-2131.
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 2123-2131
    • Hunt, P.W.1    Cao, H.L.2    Muzoora, C.3
  • 8
    • 79952335046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection
    • Sandler NG, Wand H, Roque A, et al. Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 780-790.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 780-790
    • Sandler, N.G.1    Wand, H.2    Roque, A.3
  • 9
    • 79956196632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher levels of CRP, D-dimer, IL-6, and hyaluronic acid before initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with increased risk of AIDS or death
    • Boulware DR, Hullsiek KH, Puronen CE, et al. Higher levels of CRP, D-dimer, IL-6, and hyaluronic acid before initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with increased risk of AIDS or death. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 1637-1646.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 1637-1646
    • Boulware, D.R.1    Hullsiek, K.H.2    Puronen, C.E.3
  • 10
    • 79953766478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of endothelial dysfunction, coagulation and tissue fibrosis independently predict venous thromboembolism in HIV
    • Musselwhite LW, Sheikh V, Norton TD, et al. Markers of endothelial dysfunction, coagulation and tissue fibrosis independently predict venous thromboembolism in HIV. AIDS 2011; 25:787-795.
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 787-795
    • Musselwhite, L.W.1    Sheikh, V.2    Norton, T.D.3
  • 11
    • 84871234436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, coagulation and cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals
    • Duprez DA, Neuhaus J, Kuller LH, et al. Inflammation, coagulation and cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44454.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Duprez, D.A.1    Neuhaus, J.2    Kuller, L.H.3
  • 12
    • 84873412156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevations in D-dimer and C-reactive protein are associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the hip in HIV-infected adults
    • Morse CG, Dodd LE, Nghiem K, et al. Elevations in D-dimer and C-reactive protein are associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the hip in HIV-infected adults. AIDS 2013; 27:591-595.
    • (2013) AIDS , vol.27 , pp. 591-595
    • Morse, C.G.1    Dodd, L.E.2    Nghiem, K.3
  • 13
    • 68349139711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation
    • Chomont N, El-Far M, Ancuta P, et al. HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation. Nat Med 2009; 15:893-900.
    • (2009) Nat Med , vol.15 , pp. 893-900
    • Chomont, N.1    El-Far, M.2    Ancuta, P.3
  • 15
    • 84864345953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an HIV cure: A global scientific strategy
    • Deeks SG, Autran B, Berkhout B, et al. Towards an HIV cure: a global scientific strategy. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:607-614.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 607-614
    • Deeks, S.G.1    Autran, B.2    Berkhout, B.3
  • 16
    • 77950537810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 replication and immune dynamics are affected by raltegravir intensification of HAART-suppressed subjects
    • Buzon MJ, Massanella M, Llibre JM, et al. HIV-1 replication and immune dynamics are affected by raltegravir intensification of HAART-suppressed subjects. Nat Med 2010; 16:460-465.
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , pp. 460-465
    • Buzon, M.J.1    Massanella, M.2    Llibre, J.M.3
  • 17
    • 78549245806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of raltegravir-containing intensification on HIV burden and T-cell activation in multiple gut sites of HIV-positive adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy
    • Yukl SA, Shergill AK, McQuaid K, et al. Effect of raltegravir-containing intensification on HIV burden and T-cell activation in multiple gut sites of HIV-positive adults on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2010; 24:2451-2460.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 2451-2460
    • Yukl, S.A.1    Shergill, A.K.2    McQuaid, K.3
  • 18
    • 84860345691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment intensification with raltegravir in subjects with sustained HIV-1 viraemia suppression: A randomized 48-week study
    • Llibre JM, Buzon MJ, Massanella M, et al. Treatment intensification with raltegravir in subjects with sustained HIV-1 viraemia suppression: a randomized 48-week study. Antivir Ther 2012; 17:355-364.
    • (2012) Antivir Ther , vol.17 , pp. 355-364
    • Llibre, J.M.1    Buzon, M.J.2    Massanella, M.3
  • 19
    • 84870242082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raltegravir intensification shows differing effects on CD8 and CD4 T cells in HIV infected HAART-suppressed individuals with poor CD4 T-cell recovery
    • Massanella M, Negredo E, Puig J, et al. Raltegravir intensification shows differing effects on CD8 and CD4 T cells in HIV infected HAART-suppressed individuals with poor CD4 T-cell recovery. AIDS 2012; 26:2285-2293.
    • (2012) AIDS , vol.26 , pp. 2285-2293
    • Massanella, M.1    Negredo, E.2    Puig, J.3
  • 20
    • 0034329318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis
    • Badley AD, Pilon AA, Landay A, Lynch DH. Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis. Blood 2000; 96:2951-2964.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.96 , pp. 2951-2964
    • Badley, A.D.1    Pilon, A.A.2    Landay, A.3    Lynch, D.H.4
  • 21
    • 77749277080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-course raltegravir intensification does not reduce persistent low-level viremia in patients with HIV-1 suppression during receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy
    • McMahon D, Jones J, Wiegand A, et al. Short-course raltegravir intensification does not reduce persistent low-level viremia in patients with HIV-1 suppression during receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:912-919.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , pp. 912-919
    • McMahon, D.1    Jones, J.2    Wiegand, A.3
  • 22
    • 77956856393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of raltegravir intensification on low-level residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: A randomized controlled trial
    • Gandhi RT, Zheng L, Bosch RJ, et al. The effect of raltegravir intensification on low-level residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2010; 7:e1000321.
    • (2010) PLoS Med , vol.7
    • Gandhi, R.T.1    Zheng, L.2    Bosch, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 85027920222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial assessing the effects of raltegravir intensification on endothelial function in treated HIV infection
    • Hatano H, Scherzer R, Wu Y, et al. A randomized, controlled trial assessing the effects of raltegravir intensification on endothelial function in treated HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 61:317-325.
    • (2012) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.61 , pp. 317-325
    • Hatano, H.1    Scherzer, R.2    Wu, Y.3
  • 26
    • 0142092389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • + T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 2003; 77:11708-11717.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 11708-11717
    • Guadalupe, M.1    Reay, E.2    Sankaran, S.3
  • 27
    • 4644342929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract
    • + T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract. J Exp Med 2004; 200:749-759.
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.200 , pp. 749-759
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Schacker, T.W.2    Ruff, L.E.3
  • 28
    • 77958083540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damaged intestinal epithelial integrity linked to microbial translocation in pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections
    • Estes JD, Harris LD, Klatt NR, et al. Damaged intestinal epithelial integrity linked to microbial translocation in pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001052.
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog , vol.6
    • Estes, J.D.1    Harris, L.D.2    Klatt, N.R.3
  • 29
    • 41849142985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simian immunodeficiency virus-induced mucosal interleukin-17 deficiency promotes Salmonella dissemination from the gut
    • Raffatellu M, Santos RL, Verhoeven DE, et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus-induced mucosal interleukin-17 deficiency promotes Salmonella dissemination from the gut. Nat Med 2008; 14:421-428.
    • (2008) Nat Med , vol.14 , pp. 421-428
    • Raffatellu, M.1    Santos, R.L.2    Verhoeven, D.E.3
  • 30
    • 33845532053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection
    • Brenchley JM. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nature Med 2006; 12:1365-1371.
    • (2006) Nature Med , vol.12 , pp. 1365-1371
    • Brenchley, J.M.1
  • 31
    • 65649102237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of bacterial DNA correlate with immune activation and the magnitude of immune restoration in persons with antiretroviral-treated HIV infection
    • Jiang W. Plasma levels of bacterial DNA correlate with immune activation and the magnitude of immune restoration in persons with antiretroviral-treated HIV infection. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:1177-1185.
    • (2009) J Infect Dis , vol.199 , pp. 1177-1185
    • Jiang, W.1
  • 32
    • 75649127335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: Relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation
    • Funderburg NT, Mayne E, Sieg SF, et al. Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation. Blood 2010; 115:161-167.
    • (2010) Blood , vol.115 , pp. 161-167
    • Funderburg, N.T.1    Mayne, E.2    Sieg, S.F.3
  • 33
    • 84865163472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation in HIV infection: Causes, consequences and treatment opportunities
    • Sandler NG, Douek DC. Microbial translocation in HIV infection: causes, consequences and treatment opportunities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012; 10: 655-666.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 655-666
    • Sandler, N.G.1    Douek, D.C.2
  • 34
    • 33646265743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: Mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota
    • Lievin-Le Moal V, Servin AL. The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19:315-337.
    • (2006) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 315-337
    • Lievin-Le Moal, V.1    Servin, A.L.2
  • 35
    • 19544366408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal gut bacteria: Mechanisms of immune modulation
    • Kelly D, Conway S, Aminov R. Commensal gut bacteria: mechanisms of immune modulation. Trends Immunol 2005; 26:326-333.
    • (2005) Trends Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 326-333
    • Kelly, D.1    Conway, S.2    Aminov, R.3
  • 36
    • 22144490199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system
    • Mazmanian SK, Liu CH, Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL. An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell 2005; 122:107-118.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.122 , pp. 107-118
    • Mazmanian, S.K.1    Liu, C.H.2    Tzianabos, A.O.3    Kasper, D.L.4
  • 37
    • 38949134533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early impairment of gut function and gut flora supporting a role for alteration of gastrointestinal mucosa in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis
    • Gori A, Tincati C, Rizzardini G, et al. Early impairment of gut function and gut flora supporting a role for alteration of gastrointestinal mucosa in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:757-758.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 757-758
    • Gori, A.1    Tincati, C.2    Rizzardini, G.3
  • 38
    • 84455208831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of probiotic bacteria on microbial host defense, growth, and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection
    • Cunningham-Rundles S, Ahrne S, Johann-Liang R, et al. Effect of probiotic bacteria on microbial host defense, growth, and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Nutrients 2011; 3:1042-1070.
    • (2011) Nutrients , vol.3 , pp. 1042-1070
    • Cunningham-Rundles, S.1    Ahrne, S.2    Johann-Liang, R.3
  • 39
    • 84860390171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: Results of the 'COPA' pilot randomized trial
    • Gori A, Rizzardini G, Van 't Land B, et al. Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the 'COPA' pilot randomized trial. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:554-563.
    • (2011) Mucosal Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 554-563
    • Gori, A.1    Rizzardini, G.2    Van 'T Land, B.3
  • 40
    • 84873369889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic/prebiotic supplementation of antiretrovirals improves gastrointestinal immunity in SIV-infected macaques
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Klatt NR, Canary LA, Sun X, et al. Probiotic/prebiotic supplementation of antiretrovirals improves gastrointestinal immunity in SIV-infected macaques. J Clin Invest 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2013) J Clin Invest
    • Klatt, N.R.1    Canary, L.A.2    Sun, X.3
  • 41
    • 78049505077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of immune activation with chloroquine therapy during chronic HIV infection
    • Murray SM, Down CM, Boulware DR, et al. Reduction of immune activation with chloroquine therapy during chronic HIV infection. J Virol 2010; 84: 12082-12086.
    • (2010) J Virol , vol.84 , pp. 12082-12086
    • Murray, S.M.1    Down, C.M.2    Boulware, D.R.3
  • 43
    • 0037108969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent abnormalitiesinlymphoid tissues of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients successfully treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Schacker TW, Nguyen PL, Martinez E, et al. Persistent abnormalitiesinlymphoid tissues of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients successfully treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:1092-1097.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 1092-1097
    • Schacker, T.W.1    Nguyen, P.L.2    Martinez, E.3
  • 44
    • 0036801658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collagen deposition in HIV-1 infected lymphatic tissues and T cell homeostasis
    • Schacker TW, Nguyen PL, Beilman GJ, et al. Collagen deposition in HIV-1 infected lymphatic tissues and T cell homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:1133-1139.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 1133-1139
    • Schacker, T.W.1    Nguyen, P.L.2    Beilman, G.J.3
  • 45
    • 84857479601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoid tissue damage in HIV-1 infection depletes naive T cells and limits T cell reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy
    • Zeng M, Southern PJ, Reilly CS, et al. Lymphoid tissue damage in HIV-1 infection depletes naive T cells and limits T cell reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002437.
    • (2012) PLoS Pathog , vol.8
    • Zeng, M.1    Southern, P.J.2    Reilly, C.S.3
  • 46
    • 84865780223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of CD4 T cells in maintaining lymphoid tissue structure for immune cell homeostasis and reconstitution
    • Zeng M, Paiardini M, Engram JC, et al. Critical role of CD4 T cells in maintaining lymphoid tissue structure for immune cell homeostasis and reconstitution. Blood 2012; 120:1856-1867.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.120 , pp. 1856-1867
    • Zeng, M.1    Paiardini, M.2    Engram, J.C.3
  • 47
    • 0030727150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of mature CD4 T lymphocytes is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing dendritic cells
    • Brocker T. Survival of mature CD4 T lymphocytes is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing dendritic cells. J Exp Med 1997; 186:1223-1232.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 1223-1232
    • Brocker, T.1
  • 49
    • 33846785628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simian immunodeficiency virus-induced lymphatic tissue fibrosis is mediated by transforming growth factor beta 1-positive regulatory T cells and begins in early infection
    • Estes JD, Wietgrefe S, Schacker T, et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus-induced lymphatic tissue fibrosis is mediated by transforming growth factor beta 1-positive regulatory T cells and begins in early infection. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:551-561.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.195 , pp. 551-561
    • Estes, J.D.1    Wietgrefe, S.2    Schacker, T.3
  • 50
    • 0028109801 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis
    • Border WA, Noble NA. Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:1286-1292.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1286-1292
    • Border, W.A.1    Noble, N.A.2
  • 51
    • 0032737429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Captopril-induced reduction of serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 correlates with long-term renoprotection in insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • Sharma K, Eltayeb BO, McGowan TA, et al. Captopril-induced reduction of serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 correlates with long-term renoprotection in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34:818-823.
    • (1999) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.34 , pp. 818-823
    • Sharma, K.1    Eltayeb, B.O.2    McGowan, T.A.3
  • 52
    • 0034687149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease
    • Brilla CG, Funck RC, Rupp H. Lisinopril-mediated regression of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 2000; 102:1388-1393.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1388-1393
    • Brilla, C.G.1    Funck, R.C.2    Rupp, H.3
  • 53
    • 84867650598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor as adjunct treatment for persons with HIV infection: A feasibility randomized trial
    • Baker JV, Huppler Hullsiek K, Prosser R, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor as adjunct treatment for persons with HIV infection: a feasibility randomized trial. PLoS One 2012;7:e46894.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Baker, J.V.1    Huppler Hullsiek, K.2    Prosser, R.3
  • 54
    • 80052059246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exploratory trial of cyclooxygenase type 2 inhibitor in HIV-1 infection: Downregulated immune activation and improved T cell-dependent vaccine responses
    • Pettersen FO, Torheim EA, Dahm AE, et al. An exploratory trial of cyclooxygenase type 2 inhibitor in HIV-1 infection: downregulated immune activation and improved T cell-dependent vaccine responses. J Virol 2011;85:6557-6566.
    • (2011) J Virol , vol.85 , pp. 6557-6566
    • Pettersen, F.O.1    Torheim, E.A.2    Dahm, A.E.3
  • 55
    • 79952341800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dose atorvastatin decreases cellular markers of immune activation without affecting HIV-1 RNA levels: Results of a double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
    • Ganesan A, Crum-Cianflone N, Higgins J, et al. High dose atorvastatin decreases cellular markers of immune activation without affecting HIV-1 RNA levels: results of a double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:756-764.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , pp. 756-764
    • Ganesan, A.1    Crum-Cianflone, N.2    Higgins, J.3
  • 58
    • 33748947326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression
    • Day CL, Kaufmann DE, Kiepiela P, et al. PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression. Nature 2006; 443:350-354.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 350-354
    • Day, C.L.1    Kaufmann, D.E.2    Kiepiela, P.3
  • 59
    • 62249172189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing SIV-specific immunity in vivo by PD-1 blockade
    • Velu V, Titanji K, Zhu B, et al. Enhancing SIV-specific immunity in vivo by PD-1 blockade. Nature 2009; 458:206-210.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 206-210
    • Velu, V.1    Titanji, K.2    Zhu, B.3
  • 60
    • 60549087784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 blockade in rhesus macaques: Impact on chronic infection and prophylactic vaccination
    • Finnefrock AC, Tang A, Li F, et al. PD-1 blockade in rhesus macaques: impact on chronic infection and prophylactic vaccination. J Immunol 2009; 182:980-987.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.182 , pp. 980-987
    • Finnefrock, A.C.1    Tang, A.2    Li, F.3
  • 61
    • 84862859820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer
    • Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 2443-2454.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 2443-2454
    • Topalian, S.L.1    Hodi, F.S.2    Brahmer, J.R.3
  • 62
    • 84862903106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer
    • Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQM, et al. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:2455-2465.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 2455-2465
    • Brahmer, J.R.1    Tykodi, S.S.2    Chow, L.Q.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.