The influence of R&D partnerships on innovation in manufacturing firms: The moderating role of institutional attachment

International Journal of Operations and Production Management

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 248-274

  Azadegan, Arash ^a   Napshin, Stuart ^b   Oke, Adegoke ^c  

^a NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

China; Collaboration; Innovation; Manufacturing industries; Research and development

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874090233     PISSN: 01443577     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/01443571311300755     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Aldrich, H.E., Bolton, M.K., Baker, T., Sasaki, T. (1998), "Information exchange and governance structures in US and Japanese R&D consortia: institutional and organizational influences" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 263-75.
2. Alegre-Vidal, J., Lapiedra-Alcami, R., Chiva-Gómez, R. (2004), "Linking operations strategy and product innovation: an empirical study of Spanish ceramic tile producers" in Research Policy, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 829-39.
3. Asakawa, K. (1996), "External-internal linkages and overseas autonomy-control tension: the management dilemma of the Japanese R&D in Europe" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 24-32.
4. Asheghian, P. (1982), "Comparative efficiencies of foreign firms and local firms in Iran" in Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 113-20.
5. Berger, A.N., Udell, G.F. (1998), "The economics of small business finance: the roles of private equity and debt markets in the financial growth cycle" in Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 22, Nos 6-8, pp. 613-73.
6. Bidault, F., Cummings, T. (1994), "Innovating through alliances - expectations and limitations" in R&D Management, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 33-45.
7. Bizan, O. (2003), "The determinants of success of R&D projects: evidence from American-Israeli research alliances" in Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 1619-40.
8. Blomström, M. (1986), "Foreign investment and productive efficiency: the case of Mexico" in The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 97-110.
9. Brandt, L., Zhu, X. (2000), "Redistribution in a decentralized economy: growth and inflation in China under reform" in Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 108, No. 2, pp. 422-39.
10. Browne, M.W. (1984), "Asymptotic distribution-free methods in the analysis of covariance structures" in British Journal of Mathemeatical and Statistical Psychology, Vol. 37, pp. 62-83.
11. Bruderl, J., Schussler, R. (1990), "Organizational mortality: the liabilities of newness and adolescence" in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 530-47.
12. Burnham, K.P., Anderson, D.R. (2004), "Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection" in Sociological Methods & Research, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 261-304.
13. Bushee, B.J. (1998), "The influence of institutional investors on myopic R&D investment behavior" in The Accounting Review, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 305-33.
14. Busom, I., Fernández-Ribas, A. (2008), "The impact of firm participation in R&D programmes on R&D partnerships" in Research Policy, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 240-57.
15. Callen, J.L., Ole-Kristian, H., Segal, D. (2005), "Domestic and foreign earnings, stock return variability, and the impact of investor sophistication" in Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 377-412.
16. Capaldo, A. (2007), "Network structure and innovation: the leveraging of a dual network as a distinctive relational capability" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 585-608.
17. Carayannis, E.G., Alexander, J. (2004), "Strategy, structure, and performance issues of precompetitive R&D consortia: insights and lessons learned from SEMATECH" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 226-32.
18. Carroll, G.R., Goodstein, J., Gyenes, A. (1988), "Organizations and the state: effects of the institutional environment on agricultural cooperatives in Hungary" in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 233-56.
19. Carson, S., Madhok, A., Varman, R., John, G. (2003), "Information processing moderators of the effectiveness of trust-based governance in interfirm R&D collaboration" in Organization Science, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 45-56.
20. Cassiman, B., Veugelers, R. (2002), "R&D cooperation and spillovers: some empirical evidence from Belgium" in American Economic Review, Vol. 92, No. 4, pp. 1169-84.
21. Chalk, S., Patil, P., Venkateswaran, S. (1996), "The new generation of vehicles: market opportunities for fuel cells" in Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 61, Nos 1/2, pp. 7-13.
22. Chen, L., Johnson, S., Lin, J., Liu, Y. (2009), "Information, sophistication, and foreign versus domestic investors' performance" in Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 1636-51.
23. Chung, S., Singh, H., Lee, K. (2000), "Complementarity, status similarity and social capital as drivers of alliance formation" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1-22.
24. Dacin, M.T., Ventresca, M.J., Beal, B.D. (1999), "The embeddedness of organizations: dialogue & directions" in Journal of Management, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 317-56.
25. Dahlquist, M., Robertsson, G. (2001), "Direct foreign ownership, institutional investors, and firm characteristics" in Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 413-40.
26. Daniel, H., Hempel, D., Srinivasan, N. (2002), "A model of value assessment in collaborative R&D programs" in Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 653-64.
27. Darnall, N., Edwards, D. (2006), "Predicting the cost of environmental management system adoption: the role of capabilities, resources and ownership structure" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 301-20.
28. D'aspremont, C., Jacquemin, A. (1988), "Cooperative and noncooperative R&D in duopoly with spillovers" in American Economic Review, Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 1133-7.
29. Deeds, D., Rothaermel, F. (2003), "Honeymoons and liabilities: the relationship between age and performance in research and development alliances" in Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 468-84.
30. Dimaggio, P., Powell, W. (1983), "The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields" in American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, pp. 147-60.
31. Dittrich, K., Duysters, G. (2007), "Networking as a means to strategy change: the case of open innovation in mobile telephony" in Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 510-16.
32. Erakovic, L., Wilson, M. (2005), "Conditions of radical transformation in state-owned enterprises" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 293-313.
33. Ettlie, J., Pavlou, P. (2006), "Technology-based new product development partnerships" in Decision Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 117-47.
34. Euske, N.A., Euske, K.J. (1991), "Institutional theory: employing the other side of rationality in non-profit organizations" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 81-8.
35. Faems, D., Van Looy, B., Debackere, K. (2005), "Interorganizational collaboration and innovation: toward a portfolio approach" in Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 238-50.
36. Fiala, P. (2005), "Information sharing in supply chains" in Omega - International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 419-23.
37. Filatotchev, I., Bishop, K. (2002), "Board composition, share ownership, and 'underpricing' of UK IPO firms" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 10, pp. 941-55.
38. Finney, S.J., Distefano, C. (2006), Nonnormal and Categorical Data in Structural Equation Models, Information Age, Greenwich, CT.
39. Fritsch, M., Meschede, M. (2001), "Product innovation, process innovation, and size" in Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 335-50.
40. Gaur, A.S., Kumar, V. (2009), "International diversification, business group affiliation and firm performance: empirical evidence from India" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 172-86.
41. Geroski, P., Machin, S. (1992), "Do innovating firms outperform non-innovators?" in Business Strategy Review, Vol. 3, pp. 79-90.
42. Gibson, D.V., Kehoe, C.A., Lee, S.-Y.K. (1994), "Collaborative research as a function of proximity, industry, and company: a case study of an R&D consortium" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 255-63.
43. Granovetter, M.S. (1973), "The strength of weak ties" in American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, pp. 1360-80.
44. Gulati, R., Higgins, M. (2003), "Which ties matter when? The contingent effects of interorganizational partnerships on IPO success" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 127-44.
45. Hagedoorn, J. (1993), "Understanding the rationale of strategic technology partnering: inter-organizational modes of cooperation and sectoral differences" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 371-85.
46. Hagedoorn, J. (2002), "Inter-firm R&D partnerships: an overview of major trends and patterns since 1960" in Research Policy, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 477-92.
47. Hall, A., Bockett, G., Taylor, S., Sivamohan, M.V.K., Clark, N. (2008), "Why research partnerships really matter: innovation theory, institutional arrangements and implications for developing new technology for the poor" in World Development, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 783-97.
48. Hallward-Drimeier, M., Wallsten, S., Xu, L. (2006), "Ownership, investment climate and firm performance: evidence from Chinese firms" in Economics of Transition, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 629-47.
49. Hansen, J.A. (1992), "Innovation, firm size, and firm age" in Small Business Economics, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 37-42.
50. Hejazi, W., Safarian, A. (1999), "Trade, foreign direct investment, and R&D spillovers" in Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 491-511.
51. Hemphill, T.A., Vonortas, N.S. (2003), "Strategic research partnerships: a managerial perspective" in Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 255-71.
52. Hoetker, G. (2007), "The use of logit and probit models in strategic management research: critical issues" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 331-43.
53. Hoskisson, R.E., Hill, C.W.L., Kim, H. (1993), "The multidivisional structure: organizational fossil or source of value?" in Journal of Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 269-98.
54. Huang, H., Xu, C. (1998), "Soft budget constraint and the optimal choices of research and development projects financing" in Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 62-79.
55. Hung, S.C. (2005), "The plurality of institutional embeddedness as a source of organizational attention differences" in Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58, No. 11, pp. 1543-51.
56. Inzelt, A. (1996), "Institutional support for technological improvement - the case of Hungary" in Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 51, No. 1, p. 199.
57. Inzelt, A. (2004), "The evolution of university-industry-government relationships during transition" in Research Policy, Vol. 33, Nos 6/7, pp. 975-95.
58. James, L.R., Brett, J.M. (1984), "Mediators, moderators and test for mediation" in Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 307-21.
59. Jepperson, R.L. (1991), "Institutions, institutional effects, and institutionalism" Powell, W.W. and Dimaggio, P.J. (Eds.), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
60. Jepperson, R.L., Meyer, J. (1991), "The public order and the construction of formal organizations" Powell, W. and Dimaggio, P. (Eds.), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
61. Keizer, J., Dijkstra, L., Halman, J. (2002), "Explaining innovative efforts of SMEs: an exploratory survey among SMEs in the mechanical and electrical engineering sector in The Netherlands" in Technovation, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 1-13.
62. Kelemen, M. (1999), "The myth of restructuring" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 199-208.
63. Kim, Y., Ha, S. (2010), "Innovation activities and innovation performances of SMEs: the Korean electronic parts industry 1990-1995" in Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 125-60.
64. Kor, Y., Mahoney, J. (2005), "How dynamics, management, and governance of resource deployments influence firm-level performance" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 489-96.
65. Kwong, W., Norton, E. (2007), "The effect of advertising on pharmaceutical innovation" in Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 221-36.
66. Lahiri, P. (2001), Model Selection, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Beachwood, OH.
67. Le, S.A., Walters, B., Kroll, M. (2006), "The moderating effects of external monitors on the relationship between R&D spending and firm performance" in Journal of Business Research, Vol. 59, No. 2, p. 2.
68. Lee, C., Lee, K., Pennings, J. (2001), "Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: a study on technology-based ventures" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, Nos 6/7, pp. 615-40.
69. Li, H., Atuahene-Gima, K. (2001), "The impact of interaction between R&D and marketing on new product performance: an empirical analysis of Chinese high technology firms" in International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 21, Nos 1/2, pp. 61-75.
70. Li, J.J. (2010), "Global R&D alliances in China: collaborations with universities and research institutes" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 78-87.
71. Link, A.N., Paton, D., Siegel, D.S. (2002), "An analysis of policy initiatives to promote strategic research partnerships" in Research Policy, Vol. 31, Nos 8-9, pp. 1459-66.
72. Luo, X., Deng, L. (2009), "Do birds of a feather flock higher? The effects of partner similarity on innovation in strategic alliances in knowledge-intensive industries" in Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 1005-30.
73. Mahalingam, A., Levitt, R.E. (2007), "Institutional theory as a framework for analyzing conflicts on global projects" in Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 133, No. 7, pp. 517-28.
74. Mani, S. (2004), "Information technology and development: the Indian experience" in Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 71, No. 8, pp. 855-63.
75. Mariti, P., Smiley, R. (1983), "Co-operative agreements and the organization of industry" in Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 437-51.
76. Martinez-Sanchez, A., Vela-Jimenez, M.J., Perez-Perez, M., De-Luis-Carnicer, P. (2009), "Inter-organizational cooperation and environmental change: moderating effects between flexibility and innovation performance" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 537-61.
77. Mascarenhas, B. (1989), "Domains of state-owned, privately held, and publicly traded firms in international corporations" in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 582-97.
78. Miotti, L., Sachwald, F. (2003), "Co-operative R&D: why and with whom? An integrated framework of analysis" in Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 1481-99.
79. Muthen, B.O. (1984), "A general structural equation model with dichotomous, ordered categorical, and continuous latent variable indicators" in Psychometrika, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 115-32.
80. Muthen, L.K., Muthen, B.O. (2007), Mplus - Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables: User's Guide, Muthen and Muthen, Los Angeles, CA.
81. Ng, L., Tuan, C. (2005), "Industry technology performance of manufacturing FDI: micro-level evidence from joint ventures in China" in International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 32, Nos 3/4, pp. 246-63.
82. Oi, J.C. (1992), "Fiscal reform and the economic foundations of local state corporatism in China" in World Politics, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 99-126.
83. Oke, A., Burke, G., Meyers, A. (2007), "Innovation types and performance in growing UK SMEs" in International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 27, No. 7, pp. 735-53.
84. Oke, A., Idiagbon-Oke, M., Walurnbwa, F. (2008), "The relationship between brokers' influence, strength of ties and NPD project outcomes in innovation-driven horizontal networks" in Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 571-89.
85. Oliver, C. (1997), "Sustainable competitive advantage: combining institutional and resource based views" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 697-713.
86. Park, C., Kim, S. (2008), "Corporate governance, regulatory changes, and corporate restructuring in Korea, 1993-2004" in Journal of World Business, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 66-84.
87. Parthasarthy, R., Hammond, J. (2002), "Product innovation input and outcome: moderating effects of the innovation process" in Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 75-91.
88. Peng, M.W. (1996), "The growth of the firm in planned economies in transition: institutions, organizations, and strategic choice" in Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 492-528.
89. Peng, M.W., Sun, S.L., Pinkham, B., Chen, H. (2009), "The institution-based view as a third leg for a strategy tripod" in Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 63-81.
90. Pfeffer, J., Salancik, G.R. (1978), The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
91. Powell, W.W. (1990), "Neither market nor hierarchy: network forms of organization" Staw, B.M. and Cummings, L.L. (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
92. Ravichandran, T., Han, S., Hasan, I. (2009), "Effects of institutional pressures on information technology investments: an empirical investigation" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 677-91.
93. Revilla, E., Sarkis, J., Acosta, J. (2005), "Towards a knowledge management and learning taxonomy for research joint ventures" in Technovation, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 1307-16.
94. Roijakkers, N., Hagedoorn, J. (2006), "Inter-firm R&D networks: the importance of strategic network capabilities for high-tech partnership formation" in Research Policy, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 431-46.
95. Rosenkopf, L., Padula, G. (2008), "Investigating the microstructure of network evolution: alliance formation in the mobile communications industry" in Organization Science, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 669-87.
96. Rothaermel, F.T. (2002), "Technological discontinuities and interfirm cooperation: what determines a start-up's attractiveness as alliance partner?" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 388-97.
97. Rothaermel, F.T., Deeds, D. (2004), "Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new product development" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 201-21.
98. Rothaermel, F.T., Deeds, D. (2006), "Alliance type, alliance experience and alliance management capability in high-technology ventures" in Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 429-60.
99. Sadowski, B., Sadowski-Rasters, G. (2006), "On the innovativeness of foreign affiliates: evidence from companies in The Netherlands" in Research Policy, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 447-62.
100. Sampson, R.C. (2007), "R&D alliances and firm performance: the impact of technological diversity and alliance organization on innovation" in Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 364-86.
101. Santoro, M.D., Bierly, P.E. (2006), "Facilitators of knowledge transfer in university-industry collaborations: a knowledge-based perspective" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 495-507.
102. Schilling, M., Phelps, C. (2007), "Interfirm collaboration networks: the impact of large-scale network structure on firm innovation" in Management Science, Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 1113-26.
103. Scott (1995), Institutions and Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
104. Shefer, D., Frenkel, A. (2005), "R&D, firm size and innovation: an empirical analysis" in Technovation, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 25-32.
105. Simonin, B. (1999), "Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances" in Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 595-623.
106. Sinha, D.K., Cusumano, M.A. (1991), "Complementary resources and cooperative research: a model of research joint ventures among competitors" in Management Science, Vol. 37, No. 9, pp. 1091-106.
107. Sivadas, E., Dwyer, F. (2000), "An examination of organizational factors influencing new product success in internal and alliance-based processes" in Journal of Marketing, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 31-49.
108. Solomond, J.P. (1996), "International high technology cooperation: lessons learned" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 69-77.
109. Stiglitz, J.E., Wallsten, S.J. (1999), "Public-private technology partnerships: promises and pitfalls" in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 52-73.
110. Stinchcombe, A.L. (1965), "Social structure and organizations" March, J.G. (Ed.), Handbook of Organizations, Rand McNally, Chicago, IL.
111. Tan, J., Li, S., Xia, J. (2007), "When iron fist, visible hand, and invisible hand meet: firm-level effects of varying institutional environments in China" in Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 786-94.
112. Uzzi, B. (1996), "The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect" in American Sociological Review, Vol. 61, pp. 674-98.
113. Uzzi, B. (1999), "Embeddeness in the making of financial capital: how social relations and networks benefit from seeking financing" in American Sociological Review, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 481-505.
114. Wei, Y., Liu, X. (2006), "Productivity spillovers from R&D, exports and FDI in China's manufacturing sector" in Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 544-57.
115. White, G., Bennetts, R. (1996), "Analysis of frequency count data using the negative binomial distribution" in Ecology, Vol. 77, No. 8, pp. 2549-57.
116. Wong, J. (1994), "Power and market in Mainland China - the danger of increasing government involvement in business" in Issues & Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 1-12.
117. Xin, K., Pearce, J. (1996), "Guanxi: connections as substitutes for formal institutional support" in Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 1641-58.
118. Xu, Q., Chen, J., Guo, B. (1998), "Perspective of technological innovation and technology management in China" in IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 381-7.
119. Yamak, S., Usdiken, B. (2006), "Economic liberalization and the antecedents of top management teams: evidence from Turkish 'Big' business" in British Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 177-94.
120. Yli-Renko, H., Janakiraman, R. (2008), "How customer portfolio affects new product development in technology-based entrepreneurial firms" in Journal of Marketing, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 131-48.
121. Yoshikawa, T., Phan, P. (2003), "The performance implications of ownership driven governance reform" in European Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 698-706.
122. Zhang, A., Zhang, Y., Zhao, R. (2003), "A study of the R&D efficiency and productivity of Chinese firms" in Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 444-64.
123. Zott, C., Huy, Q.N. (2007), "How entrepreneurs use symbolic management to acquire resources" in Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 70-105.
124. Zucker, L.G. (1986), "Production of trust: institutional sources of economic structure, 1840-1920", Research in Organizational Behavior, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
125. Zucker, L.G. (1987), "Institutional theories of organization" in Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 443-64.