Fibromyalgia syndrome: Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

Pain Research and Treatment

Volumn 2012, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Bellato, Enrico ^a   Marini, Eleonora ^a   Castoldi, Filippo ^a   Barbasetti, Nicola ^a   Mattei, Lorenzo ^a   Bonasia, Davide Edoardo ^a   Blonna, Davide ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873858714     PISSN: 20901542     EISSN: 20901550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/426130     Document Type: Review

References (211)

1. Bigatti S. M., Hernandez A. M., Cronan T. A., Rand K. L., Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to pain and depression. Arthritis Care and Research 2008 59 7 961 967 2-s2.0-47249096704 10.1002/art.23828 (Pubitemid 351990992)
2. Clauw D. J., Fibromyalgia: an overview. American Journal of Medicine 2009 122 12, supplement S3 S13 2-s2.0-70749145982 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.09.006
3. Giesecke T., Williams D. A., Harris R. E., Cupps T. R., Tian X., Tian T. X., Gracely R. H., Clauw D. J., Subgrouping of fibromyalgia patients on the basis of pressure-pain thresholds and psychological factors. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2003 48 10 2916 2922 2-s2.0-0142040426 10.1002/art.11272 (Pubitemid 37280621)
4. Mease P., Fibromyalgia syndrome: review of clinical presentation, pathogenesis, outcome measures, and treatment. Journal of Rheumatology 2005 75 6 21 2-s2.0-26444619824
5. Gowers W. R., A lecture on lumbago: its lessons and analogues: delivered at the national hospital for the paralysed and epileptic. British Medical Journal 1904 1 117 121
6. Graham W., The fibrosits syndrome. Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases 1953 3 8 33 34 2-s2.0-41949107478
7. Smythe H. A., Moldofsky H., Two contributions to understanding of the "fibrositis" syndrome. Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases 1977 28 1 928 931 2-s2.0-0017588905 (Pubitemid 8276219)
8. Wolfe F., Smythe H. A., Yunus M. B., Bennett R. M., Bombardier C., Goldenberg D. L., Tugwell P., Campbell S. M., Abeles M., Clark P., Fam A. G., Farber S. J., Fiechtner J. J., Franklin C. M., Gatter R. A., Hamaty D., Lessard J., Lichtbroun A. S., Masi A. T., The American College of Rheumatology 1990. Criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1990 33 2 160 172 2-s2.0-0025266660 (Pubitemid 20098653)
9. Wolfe F., New American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia: a twenty-year journey. Arthritis Care and Research 2010 62 5 583 584 2-s2.0-77951739749 10.1002/acr.20156
10. Wolfe F., Clauw D. J., Fitzcharles M. A., Goldenberg D. L., Katz R. S., Mease P., Russell A. S., Russell I. J., Winfield J. B., Yunus M. B., The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care and Research 2010 62 5 600 610 2-s2.0-77951735184 10.1002/acr.20140
11. Wolfe F., Ross K., Anderson J., Russell I. J., Hebert L., The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1995 38 1 19 28 2-s2.0-0028890678 10.1002/art.1780380104
12. Lindell L., Bergman S., Petersson I. F., Jacobsson L. T. H., Herrstrom P., Prevalence of fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 2000 18 3 149 153 2-s2.0-0033753447
13. Yunus M. B., Towards a model of pathophysiology of fibromyalgia: aberrant central pain mechanisms with peripheral modulation. Journal of Rheumatology 1992 19 6 846 850 2-s2.0-0026747899
14. Staud R., Smitherman M. L., Peripheral and central sensitization in fibromyalgia: pathogenetic role. Current Pain and Headache Reports 2002 6 4 259 266 2-s2.0-0036690249
15. Li J., Simone D. A., Larson A. A., Windup leads to characteristics of central sensitization. Pain 1999 79 1 75 82 2-s2.0-0032945956 10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00154-7 (Pubitemid 29012438)
16. Mendell L. M., Wall P. D., Responses of single dorsal cord cells to peripheral cutaneous unmyelinated fibres. Nature 1965 206 4979 97 99 2-s2.0-0001895691 10.1038/206097a0
17. Staud R., Vierck C. J., Cannon R. L., Mauderli A. P., Price D. D., Abnormal sensitization and temporal summation of second pain (wind-up) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2001 91 1-2 165 175 2-s2.0-0035057629 10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00432-2 (Pubitemid 32274185)
18. Staud R., Domingo M., Evidence for abnormal pain processing in fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain Medicine 2001 2 3 208 215 2-s2.0-0035215018 10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01030.x (Pubitemid 33138786)
19. Davies S. N., Lodge D., Evidence for involvement of N-methylaspartate receptors in "wind-up" of class 2 neurones in the dorsal horn of the rat. Brain Research 1987 424 2 402 406 2-s2.0-0023605956 (Pubitemid 18047687)
20. Dickenson A. H., Sullivan A. F., Evidence for a role of the NMDA receptor in the frequency dependent potentiation of deep rat dorsal horn nociceptive neurones following C fibre stimulation. Neuropharmacology 1987 26 8 1235 1238 2-s2.0-0023189510 (Pubitemid 17123438)
21. Dickenson A. H., A cure for wind up: NMDA receptor antagonists as potential analgesics. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 1990 11 8 307 309 2-s2.0-0025375531 10.1016/0165-6147(90)90228-Z (Pubitemid 20240655)
22. Staud R., Cannon R. C., Mauderli A. P., Robinson M. E., Price D. D., Vierck C. J., Temporal summation of pain from mechanical stimulation of muscle tissue in normal controls and subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2003 102 1-2 87 95 2-s2.0-0037333196 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00344-5 (Pubitemid 36298865)
23. Kosek E., Hansson P., Modulatory influence on somatosensory perception from vibration and heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) in fibromyalgia patients and healthy subjects. Pain 1997 70 1 41 51 2-s2.0-0030889132 10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03295-2 (Pubitemid 27128296)
24. Watkins L. R., Milligan E. D., Maier S. F., Spinal cord glia: new players in pain. Pain 2001 93 3 201 205 2-s2.0-0034882399 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00359-1 (Pubitemid 32763176)
25. Watkins L. R., Milligan E. D., Maier S. F., Glial activation: a driving force for pathological pain. Trends in Neurosciences 2001 24 8 450 455 2-s2.0-0035426434 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01854-3 (Pubitemid 32695356)
26. Watkins L. R., Maier S. F., Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain. Journal of Internal Medicine 2005 257 2 139 155 2-s2.0-13244281729 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01443.x (Pubitemid 40193964)
27. Dubner R., Hargreaves K. M., The neurobiology of pain and its modulation. Clinical Journal of Pain 1989 5 supplement 2 S1 S4 2-s2.0-0024804930
28. Wolfe F., Russell I. J., Vipraio G., Ross K., Anderson J., Serotonin levels, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms in the general population. Journal of Rheumatology 1997 24 3 555 559 2-s2.0-0030959929 (Pubitemid 27153424)
29. Yunus M. B., Dailey J. W., Aldag J. C., Masi A. T., Jobe P. C., Plasma tryptophan and other amino acids in primary fibromyalgia: a controlled study. Journal of Rheumatology 1992 19 1 90 94 2-s2.0-0026503839
30. Hrycaj P., Stratz T., Muller W., Russell I. J., Vipraio G. A., Lopez Y., Platelet 3H-imipramine uptake receptor density and serum serotonin levels in patients with fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 1993 20 11 1986 1988 2-s2.0-0027786760 (Pubitemid 24031615)
31. Houvenagel E., Forzy G., Leloire O., Gallois P., Hary S., Haut ecoeur P., Convain L., Henniaux M., Vincent G., Dhondt J. L., Spinal fluid monoamines in primary fibromyalgia. Revue du Rhumatisme et des Maladies Osteo-Articulaires 1990 57 1 21 23 2-s2.0-0025152726 (Pubitemid 20112598)
32. Russell I. J., Vaeroy H., Javors M., Nyberg F., Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1992 35 5 550 556 2-s2.0-0026732553
33. Ressler K. J., Nemeroff C. B., Role of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 2000 121 supplement 2 19
34. Juhl J. H., Fibromyalgia and the serotonin pathway. Alternative Medicine Review 1998 3 5 367 375 2-s2.0-0032185602 (Pubitemid 128709614)
35. Wood P. B., Stress and dopamine: implications for the pathophysiology of chronic widespread pain. Medical Hypotheses 2004 62 3 420 424 2-s2.0-1642380993 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.013 (Pubitemid 38388907)
36. 2 receptor function in fibromyalgia patients: a neuroendocrine study with buspirone in women with fibromyalgia compared to female population based controls. Journal of Affective Disorders 2003 75 1 77 82 2-s2.0-0038012656 10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00025-3 (Pubitemid 36645023)
37. Russell I. J., Orr M. D., Littman B., Vipraio G. A., Alboukrek D., Michalek J. E., Lopez Y., Mackillip F., Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1994 37 11 1593 1601 2-s2.0-0028104819 10.1002/art.1780371106 (Pubitemid 24345805)
38. Pillemer S. R., Bradley L. A., Crofford L. J., Moldofsky H., Chrousos G. P., The neuroscience and endocrinology of fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1997 40 11 1928 1939 2-s2.0-0030829256 10.1002/art.1780401103 (Pubitemid 27494651)
39. Vaeroy H., Helle R., Forre O., Kass E., Terenius L., Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromalgia: new features for diagnosis. Pain 1988 32 1 21 26 2-s2.0-0023919037
40. Harris R. E., Clauw D. J., Scott D. J., McLean S. A., Gracely R. H., Zubieta J. K., Decreased central -opioid receptor availability in fibromyalgia. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 37 10000 10006 2-s2.0-34548620789 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2849-07.2007 (Pubitemid 47404015)
41. Baraniuk J. N., Whalen G., Cunningham J., Clauw D. J., Cerebrospinal fluid levels of opioid peptides in fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2004 5, article 48 2-s2.0-12344284096 10.1186/1471-2474-5-48 (Pubitemid 40132271)
42. Stisi S., Cazzola M., Buskila D., Spath M., Giamberardino M. A., Sarzi-Puttini P., Arioli G., Alciati A., Leardini G., Gorla R., Marsico A., Ceccherelli F., Bazzichi L., Carignola R., Gracely R. H., Salaffi F., Marinangeli F., Torta R., Di Franco M., Biasi G., Cassisi G., Casale R., Altomonte L., Atzeni F., Etiopathogenetic mechanisms of fibromyalgia syndrome. Reumatismo 2008 60 supplement 1 25 35 2-s2.0-69249235454
43. Mountz J. M., Bradley L. A., Modell J. G., Alexander R. W., Triana-Alexander M., Aaron L. A., Stewart K. E., Alarcón G. S., Mountz J. D., Fibromyalgia in women: abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamus and the caudate nucleus are associated with low pain threshold levels. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1995 38 7 926 938 2-s2.0-0029099804 10.1002/art.1780380708
44. Adigüzel O., Kaptanoglu E., Turgut B., Nacitarhan V., The possible effect of clinical recovery on regional cerebral blood flow deficits in fibromyalgia: a prospective study with semiquantitative SPECT. Southern Medical Journal 2004 97 7 651 655 2-s2.0-3242672207 10.1097/00007611-200407000-00008 (Pubitemid 38955842)
45. Kwiatek R., Barnden L., Tedman R., Regional cerebral blood flow in fibromyalgia: single-photon-emission computed tomography evidence of reduction in the pontine tegmentum and thalami. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2000 43 2823 2833 (Pubitemid 32001750)
46. Bradley L. A., Sotolongo A., Alberts K. R., Alarcón G. S., Mountz J. M., Liu H. G., Kersh B. C., Domino M. L., DeWaal D., Weigent D. A., Blalock J. E., Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in the caudate nucleus among fibromyalgia patients and non-patients is associated with insidious symptom onset. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 1999 7 1-2 285 292 2-s2.0-0032885166 10.1300/J094v07n01-29 (Pubitemid 29447928)
47. Wik G., Fischer H., Bragée B., Kristianson M., Fredrikson M., Retrosplenial cortical activation in the fibromyalgia syndrome. NeuroReport 2003 14 4 619 621 2-s2.0-0037623357 10.1097/00001756-200303240-00019 (Pubitemid 36529002)
48. Yunus M. B., Young C. S., Saeed S. A., Mountz J. M., Aldag J. C., Positron emission tomography in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and healthy controls. Arthritis Care and Research 2004 51 4 513 518 2-s2.0-4043145717 (Pubitemid 39056236)
49. Walitt B., Roebuck-Spencer T., Esposito G., Atkins F., Bleiberg J., Foster G., Weinstein A., The effects of multidisciplinary therapy on positron emission tomography of the brain in fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Rheumatology International 2007 27 11 1019 1024 2-s2.0-34547839635 10.1007/s00296-007-0405-7 (Pubitemid 47246594)
50. Gracely R. H., Petzke F., Wolf J. M., Clauw D. J., Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2002 46 5 1333 1343 2-s2.0-0036093275 10.1002/art.10225 (Pubitemid 34525843)
51. Cook D. B., Lange G., Ciccone D. S., Liu W. C., Steffener J., Natelson B. H., Functional imaging of pain in patients with primary fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 2004 31 2 364 378 2-s2.0-0742322755 (Pubitemid 38160761)
52. Glass J. M., Williams D. A., Fernandez-Sanchez M. L., Executive function in chronic pain patients and healthy controls: different cortical activation during response inhibition in fibromyalgia. Journal of Pain 2011 12 1219 1229
53. Kim S. H., Chang Y., Kim J. H., Insular cortex is a trait marker for pain processing in fibromyalgia syndrome-blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging study in Korea. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2011 29 6, supplement 69 S19 S27
54. Foerster B. R., Petrou M., Harris R. E., Cerebral blood flow alterations in pain-processing regions of patients with fibromyalgia using perfusion MR imaging. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2011 32 1873 1878
55. Skevington S. M., A standardized scale to measure beliefs about controlling pain (B.P.C.Q.): a preliminary study. Psychology and Health 1990 4 221 232
56. Jensen K. B., Kosek E., Petzke F., Carville S., Fransson P., Marcus H., Williams S. C. R., Choy E., Giesecke T., Mainguy Y., Gracely R., Ingvar M., Evidence of dysfunctional pain inhibition in Fibromyalgia reflected in rACC during provoked pain. Pain 2009 144 1-2 95 100 2-s2.0-67349279598 10.1016/j.pain.2009.03.018
57. Jensen K. B., Loitoile R., Kosek E., Patients with fibromyalgia display less functional connectivity in the brain's pain inhibitory network. Molecular Pain 2012 8, article 32
58. Burgmer M., Gaubitz M., Konrad C., Wrenger M., Hilgart S., Heuft G., Pfleiderer B., Decreased gray matter volumes in the cingulo-frontal cortex and the amygdala in patients with fibromyalgia. Psychosomatic Medicine 2009 71 5 566 573 2-s2.0-67650388607 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a32da0
59. Valet M., Gündel H., Sprenger T., Sorg C., Mühlau M., Zimmer C., Henningsen P., Tölle T. R., Patients with pain disorder show gray-matter loss in pain-processing structures: a voxel-based morphometric study. Psychosomatic Medicine 2009 71 1 49 56 2-s2.0-65549122637 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31818d1e02
60. Lutz J., Jäger L., De Quervain D., Krauseneck T., Padberg F., Wichnalek M., Beyer A., Stahl R., Zirngibl B., Morhard D., Reiser M., Schelling G., White and gray matter abnormalities in the brain of patients with fibromyalgia: a diffusion-tensor and volumetric imaging study. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2008 58 12 3960 3969 2-s2.0-57349170177 10.1002/art.24070
61. Schmidt-Wilcke T., Luerding R., Weigand T., Jürgens T., Schuierer G., Leinisch E., Bogdahn U., Striatal grey matter increase in patients suffering from fibromyalgia-a voxel-based morphometry study. Pain 2007 132 supplement 1 S109 S116 2-s2.0-35648957245 10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.010 (Pubitemid 350030865)
62. Sundgren P. C., Petrou M., Harris R. E., Fan X., Foerster B., Mehrotra N., Sen A., Clauw D. J., Welsh R. C., Diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging in fibromyalgia patients: a prospective study of whole brain diffusivity, apparent diffusion coefficient, and fraction anisotropy in different regions of the brain and correlation with symptom severity. Academic Radiology 2007 14 7 839 846 2-s2.0-34250197576 10.1016/j.acra.2007.03.015 (Pubitemid 46898852)
63. Harris R. E., Sundgren P. C., Pang Y., Hsu M., Petrou M., Kim S. H., McLean S. A., Gracely R. H., Clauw D. J., Dynamic levels of glutamate within the insula are associated with improvements in multiple pain domains in fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2008 58 3 903 907 2-s2.0-40549091937 10.1002/art.23223 (Pubitemid 351364893)
64. Harris R. E., Sundgren P. C., Craig A. D., Kirshenbaum E., Sen A., Napadow V., Clauw D. J., Elevated insular glutamate in fibromyalgia is associated with experimental pain. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2009 60 10 3146 3152 2-s2.0-70349776233 10.1002/art.24849
65. Fayed N., Garcia-Campayo J., Magallón R., Andrés-Bergareche H., Luciano J. V., Andres E., Beltrán J., Localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy in patients with fibromyalgia: a controlled study of changes in cerebral glutamate/glutamine, inositol, choline, and N-acetylaspartate. Arthritis Research and Therapy 2010 12 4, article R134 2-s2.0-77954265387 10.1186/ar3072
66. Owen D. G., Bureau Y., Thomas A. W., Prato F. S., Lawrence K. S. S., Quantification of pain-induced changes in cerebral blood flow by perfusion MRI. Pain 2008 136 1-2 85 96 2-s2.0-41749118739 10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.021 (Pubitemid 351491372)
67. Nebel M. B., Gracely R. H., Neuroimaging of Fibromyalgia. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2009 35 2 313 327 2-s2.0-67651216051 10.1016/j.rdc.2009.06.004
68. Crofford L. J., The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 2002 31 1 1 13 2-s2.0-0036014491 10.1016/S0889-8529(01)00004-4 (Pubitemid 34578611)
69. Ferraccioli G., Cavalieri F., Salaffi F., Fontana S., Scita F., Nolli M., Maestri D., Neuroendocrinologic findings in primary fibromyalgia (soft tissue chronic pain syndrome) and in other chronic rheumatic conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain). Journal of Rheumatology 1990 17 7 869 873 2-s2.0-0025302257 (Pubitemid 20243720)
70. McCain G. A., Tilbe K. S., Diurnal hormone variation in fibromyalgia syndrome: a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 1989 16 19 154 157 2-s2.0-0024790235 (Pubitemid 20015411)
71. Neeck G., Neuroendocrine and hormonal perturbations and relations to the serotonergic system in fibromyalgia patients. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, Supplement 2000 29 113 8 12 2-s2.0-0034536613 (Pubitemid 32016429)
72. Geenen R., Jacobs J. W. G., Bijlsma J. W. J., Evaluation and management of endocrine dysfunction in fibromyalgia. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2002 28 2 389 404 2-s2.0-0035990384 10.1016/S0889-857X(01)00009-6 (Pubitemid 34733192)
73. Griep E. N., Boersma J. W., de Kloet E. R., Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 1993 20 3 469 474 2-s2.0-0027416185 (Pubitemid 23102470)
74. Jones K. D., Deodhar P., Lorentzen A., Bennett R. M., Deodhar A. A., Growth hormone perturbations in Fibromyalgia: a review. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2007 36 6 357 379 2-s2.0-34248651389 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006. 09.006 (Pubitemid 46779123)
75. Garrison R. L., Breeding P. C., A metabolic basis for fibromyalgia and its related disorders: the possible role of resistance to thyroid hormone. Medical Hypotheses 2003 61 2 182 189 2-s2.0-0041621564 10.1016/S0306-9877(02) 00294-3 (Pubitemid 36976178)
76. Korszun A., Young E. A., Engleberg N. C., Masterson L., Dawson E. C., Spindler K., McClure L. A., Brown M. B., Crofford L. J., Follicular phase hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 2000 27 6 1526 1530 2-s2.0-0034084133 (Pubitemid 30354057)
77. Samborski W., Sobieska M., Pieta P., Drews K., Brzosko M., Normal profile of sex hormones in women with primary fibromyalgia. Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 2005 51 2 23 26 2-s2.0-33646844278
78. El Maghraoui A., Tellal S., Achemlal L., Nouijai A., Ghazi M., Mounach A., Bezza A., Derouiche E. M., Bone turnover and hormonal perturbations in patients with fibromyalgia. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2006 24 4 428 431 2-s2.0-33748535735 (Pubitemid 44363545)
79. Cohen H., Neumann L., Kotler M., Buskila D., Autonomic nervous system derangement in fibromyalgia syndrome and related disorders. Israel Medical Association Journal 2001 3 10 755 760 2-s2.0-0035691735 (Pubitemid 34082746)
80. Kooh M., Martínez-Lavín M., Meza S., Martín-del- Campo A., Hermosillo A. G., Pineda C., Nava A., Amigo M. C., Drucker-Colín R., Simultaneous heart rate variability and polysomnographic analyses in fibromyalgia. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2003 21 4 529 530 2-s2.0-0043201071 (Pubitemid 36950333)
81. Furlan R., Colombo S., Perego F., Atzeni F., Diana A., Barbic F., Porta A., Pace F., Malliani A., Sarzi-Puttini P., Abnormalities of cardiovascular neural control and reduced orthostatic tolerance in patients with primary fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 2005 32 9 1787 1793 2-s2.0-24944455817 (Pubitemid 41324822)
82. Anderberg U. M., Liu Z., Berglund L., Nyberg F., Elevated plasma levels of neuropeptide Y in female fibromyalgia patients. European Journal of Pain 1999 3 1 19 30 2-s2.0-0032895251 10.1016/S1090-3801(99)90185-4 (Pubitemid 29166619)
83. Roizenblatt S., Moldofsky H., Benedito-Silva A. A., Tufik S., Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001 44 222 230 (Pubitemid 32113138)
84. Van Cauter E., Plat L., Copinschi G., Interrelations between sleep and the somatotropic axis. Sleep 1998 21 6 553 566 2-s2.0-0032530784 (Pubitemid 28440698)
85. Prinz P. N., Moe K. E., Dulberg E. M., Larsen L. H., Vitiello M. V., Toivola B., Merriam G. R., Higher plasma IGF-1 levels are associated with increased delta sleep in healthy older men. Journals of Gerontology A 1995 50 4 M222 M226 2-s2.0-0029077962
86. Bennett R. M., Clark S. R., Campbell S. M., Burckhardt C. S., Low levels of somatomedin C in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome: a possible link between sleep and muscle pain. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1992 35 10 1113 1116 2-s2.0-0026801234 10.1002/art.1780351002
87. Buskila D., Neumann L., Hazanov I., Carmi R., Familial aggregation in the fibromyalgia syndrome. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 1996 26 3 605 611 2-s2.0-0030442453 10.1016/S0049-0172(96)80011-4 (Pubitemid 27024197)
88. Arnold L. M., Hudson J. I., Hess E. V., Ware A. E., Fritz D. A., Auchenbach M. B., Starck L. O., Keck P. E., Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004 50 3 944 952 2-s2.0-1542313923 10.1002/art.20042 (Pubitemid 38326195)
89. Buskila D., Sarzi-Puttini P., Ablin J. N., The genetics of fibromyalgia syndrome. Pharmacogenomics 2007 8 1 67 74 2-s2.0-33846537316 10.2217/14622416.8.1.67 (Pubitemid 46157758)
90. Offenbaecher M., Bondy B., de Jonge S., Glatzeder K., Krüger M., Schoeps P., Ackenheil M., Possible association of fibromyalgia with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1999 42 2482 2488 (Pubitemid 30333429)
91. Cohen H., Buskila D., Neumann L., Ebstein R. P., Confirmation of an association between fibromyalgia and serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism, and relationship to anxiety-related personality traits. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2002 46 3 845 847 2-s2.0-0036191561 (Pubitemid 34214272)
92. Zubieta J. K., Heitzeg M. M., Smith Y. R., Bueller J. A., Xu K., Xu Y., Koeppe R. A., Stohler C. S., Goldmans D., COMT val158 genotype affects -opioid neurotransmitter responses to a pain stressor. Science 2003 299 5610 1240 1243 2-s2.0-0037458277 10.1126/science.1078546 (Pubitemid 36237467)
93. Gürsoy S., Erdal E., Herken H., Madenci E., Alaşehirli B., Erdal N., Significance of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatology International 2003 23 3 104 107 2-s2.0-0038512578 (Pubitemid 36712983)
94. Buskila D., Cohen H., Neuman L., Ebstein R. P., An association between fibromyalgia and the dopamine D4 receptor exon III repeat polymorphism and relationship to novelty seeking personality traits. Molecular Psychiatry 2004 9 8 730 727 2-s2.0-4243165660 10.1038/sj.mp.4001506 (Pubitemid 39107962)
95. Yunus M. B., Khan M. A., Rawlings K. K., Green J. R., Olson J. M., Shah S., Genetic linkage analysis of multicase families with fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 1999 26 2 408 412 2-s2.0-0032932447 (Pubitemid 29066747)
96. Middleton G. D., McFarlin J. E., Lipsky P. E., The prevalence and clinical impact of fibromyalgia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1994 37 8 1181 1188 2-s2.0-0027971740 10.1002/art.1780370812 (Pubitemid 24313319)
97. Tishler M., Barak Y., Paran D., Yaron M., Sleep disturbances, fibromyalgia and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 1997 15 1 71 74 2-s2.0-0030938441 (Pubitemid 27138152)
98. Wolfe F., Michaud K., Severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), worse outcomes, comorbid illness, and sociodemographic disadvantage characterize RA patients with fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 2004 31 4 695 700 2-s2.0-1842530444 (Pubitemid 38451254)
99. Kötter I., Neuscheler D., Günaydin I., Wernet D., Klein R., Is there a predisposition for the development of autoimmune diseases in patients with fibromyalgia? Retrospective analysis with long term follow-up. Rheumatology International 2007 27 11 1031 1039 2-s2.0-34547830256 10.1007/s00296-007-0413-7 (Pubitemid 47246596)
100. Ribeiro L. S., Proietti F. A., Interrelations between fibromyalgia, thyroid autoantibodies, and depression. Journal of Rheumatology 2004 31 10 2036 2040 2-s2.0-5044229841 (Pubitemid 39336732)
101. Pamuk O. N., Cakir N., The frequency of thyroid antibodies in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship with symptoms. Clinical Rheumatology 2007 26 1 55 59 2-s2.0-33845866350 10.1007/s10067-006-0237-y (Pubitemid 46020022)
102. Bazzichi L., Rossi A., Giuliano T., Feo F., Giacomelli C., Consensi A., Ciapparelli A., Consoli G., Dell'Osso L., Bombardieri S., Association between thyroid autoimmunity and fibromyalgic disease severity. Clinical Rheumatology 2007 26 12 2115 2120 2-s2.0-36248968162 10.1007/s10067-007-0636-8 (Pubitemid 350120351)
103. Wilson R. B., Gluck O. S., Tesser J. R. P., Rice J. C., Meyer A., Bridges A. J., Antipolymer antibody reactivity in a subset of patients with fibromyalgia correlates with severity. Journal of Rheumatology 1999 26 2 402 407 2-s2.0-0032935878 (Pubitemid 29066746)
104. Jensen B., Wittrup I. H., Wiik A., Bliddal H., Friis S., McLaughlin J. K., Danneskiold-Samsøe B., Olsen J. H., Antipolymer antibodies in Danish fibromyalgia patients. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2004 22 2 227 229 2-s2.0-1842606533 (Pubitemid 38444814)
105. Sarzi-Puttini P., Atzeni F., Franco M. D., Lama N., Batticciotto A., Iannuccelli C., Dell'Acqua D., De Portu S., Riccieri V., Carrabba M., Buskila D., Doria A., Valesini G., Anti-polymer antibodies are correlated with pain and fatigue severity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Autoimmunity 2008 41 1 74 79 2-s2.0-38049072183 10.1080/08916930701620035
106. Katon W., Sullivan M., Walker E., Medical symptoms without identified pathology: relationship to psychiatric disorders, childhood and adult trauma, and personality traits. Annals of Internal Medicine 2001 134 9 917 925 2-s2.0-0035340084 (Pubitemid 32405701)
107. Clauw D. J., Crofford L. J., Chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: what we know, and what we need to know. Best Practice and Research 2003 17 4 685 701 2-s2.0-0038268869 10.1016/S1521-6942(03)00035-4
108. McBeth J., Macfarlane G. J., Benjamin S., Silman A. J., Features of somatization predict the onset of chronic widespread pain: results of a large population-based study. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001 44 940 946 (Pubitemid 32319787)
109. Cohen H., Neumann L., Haiman Y., Matar M. A., Press J., Buskila D., Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in fibromyalgia patients: overlapping syndromes or post-traumatic fibromyalgia syndrome? Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2002 32 1 38 50 2-s2.0-0036672211 10.1053/sarh.2002. 33719 (Pubitemid 35001163)
110. Epstein S. A., Kay G., Clauw D., Heaton R., Klein D., Krupp L., Kuck J., Leslie V., Masur D., Wagner M., Waid R., Zisook S., Psychiatric disorders in patients with fibromyalgia: a multicenter investigation. Psychosomatics 1999 40 1 57 63 2-s2.0-0032903066 (Pubitemid 29056581)
111. McBeth J., Silman A. J., The role of psychiatric disorders in fibromyalgia. Current Rheumatology Reports 2001 3 2 157 164 2-s2.0-0035315894
112. Bair M. J., Robinson R. L., Katon W., Kroenke K., Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003 163 20 2433 2445 2-s2.0-0242455998 10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433 (Pubitemid 37385786)
113. Arnold L. M., Keck P. E., Welge J. A., Antidepressant treatment of fibromyalgia. A meta-analysis and review. Psychosomatics 2000 41 2 104 113 2-s2.0-0034117292 10.1176/appi.psy.41.2.104 (Pubitemid 30159888)
114. Nørregaard J., Volkmann H., Danneskiold-Samsøe B., A randomized controlled trial of citalopram in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain 1995 61 3 445 449 2-s2.0-0029062173 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00218-4
115. Fishbain D., Evidence-based data on pain relief with antidepressants. Annals of Medicine 2000 32 5 305 316 2-s2.0-0033944573 (Pubitemid 30496575)
116. Katz D. L., Greene L., Ali A., Faridi Z., The pain of fibromyalgia syndrome is due to muscle hypoperfusion induced by regional vasomotor dysregulation. Medical Hypotheses 2007 69 3 517 525 2-s2.0-34447286017 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.10.037 (Pubitemid 47043280)
117. Ozgocmen S., Ozyurt H., Sogut S., Akyol O., Ardicoglu O., Yildizhan H., Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in fibromyalgia: etiologic and therapeutic concerns. Rheumatology International 2006 26 7 598 603 2-s2.0-33645847273 10.1007/s00296-005-0079-y
118. Lario B. A., Alonso Valdivielso J. L., López J. A., Soteres C. M., Viejo Bañuelos J. L., Cabello A. M., Fibromyalgia syndrome: overnight falls in arterial oxygen saturation. American Journal of Medicine 1996 101 1 54 60 2-s2.0-0030198603 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00067-8 (Pubitemid 26285941)
119. Staud R., Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia: pain in fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Research and Therapy 2006 8 3, article 208 2-s2.0-33745239716 10.1186/ar1950
120. Ablin J. N., Shoenfeld Y., Buskila D., Fibromyalgia, infection and vaccination: two more parts in the etiological puzzle. Journal of Autoimmunity 2006 27 3 145 152 2-s2.0-33846086560 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.09.004 (Pubitemid 46055227)
121. Rivera J., de Diego A., Trinchet M., García Monforte A., Fibromyalgia-associated hepatitis C virus infection. British Journal of Rheumatology 1997 36 9 981 985 2-s2.0-0030798295
122. Nash P., Chard M., Hazleman B., Chronic Coxsackie B infection mimicking primary fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 1989 16 11 1506 1508 2-s2.0-0024845330 (Pubitemid 20015372)
123. Leventhal L. J., Naides S. J., Freundlich B., Fibromyalgia and parvovirus infection. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1991 34 10 1319 1324 2-s2.0-0026000803
124. Buskila D., Gladman D. D., Langevitz P., Urowitz S., Smythe H. A., Fibromyalgia in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Rheumatology 1990 17 9 1202 1206 2-s2.0-0025027022 (Pubitemid 20334700)
125. Dinerman H., Steerc A. C., Lyme disease associated with fibromyalgia. Annals of Internal Medicine 1992 117 4 281 285 2-s2.0-0026647138
126. Hsu V. M., Patella S. J., Sigal L. H., 'Chronic Lyme disease' as the incorrect diagnosis in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1993 36 11 1493 1500 2-s2.0-0027370080 10.1002/art.1780361103 (Pubitemid 23327747)
127. Milligan E. D., O'Connor K. A., Nguyen K. T., Armstrong C. B., Twining C., Gaykema R. P. A., Holguin A., Martin D., Maier S. F., Watkins L. R., Intrathecal HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces enhanced pain states mediated by spinal cord proinflammatory cytokines. Journal of Neuroscience 2001 21 8 2808 2819 2-s2.0-0035871357 (Pubitemid 32298222)
128. Holguin A., O'Connor K. A., Biedenkapp J., Campisi J., Wieseler-Frank J., Milligan E. D., Hansen M. K., Spataro L., Maksimova E., Bravmann C., Martin D., Fleshner M., Maier S. F., Watkins L. R., HIV-1 gp120 stimulates proinflammatory cytokine-mediated pain facilitation via activation of nitric oxide synthase-I (nNOS). Pain 2004 110 3 517 530 2-s2.0-3843103991 10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.018 (Pubitemid 39036783)
129. Thompson M. E., Barkhuizen A., Fibromyalgia, hepatitis C infection, and the cytokine connection. Current Pain and Headache Reports 2003 7 5 342 347 2-s2.0-0642335532 (Pubitemid 38915084)
130. Gabuzda D., Wang J., Chemokine receptors and virus entry in the central nervous system. Journal of NeuroVirology 1999 5 6 643 658 2-s2.0-0033387213 (Pubitemid 30032090)
131. Rock R. B., Gekker G., Hu S., Sheng W. S., Cheeran M., Lokensgard J. R., Peterson P. K., Role of microglia in central nervous system infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2004 17 4 942 964 2-s2.0-5644271409 10.1128/CMR.17.4.942- 964.2004 (Pubitemid 39372525)
132. Waylonis G. W., Perkins R. H., Post-traumatic fibromyalgia: a long-term follow-up. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994 73 6 403 412 2-s2.0-0028577686
133. Bell I. R., Baldwin C. M., Schwartz G. E., Illness from low levels of environmental chemicals: relevance to chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. American Journal of Medicine 1998 105 3 74S 82S 2-s2.0-0032575968 (Pubitemid 28481039)
134. Greenfield S., Fitzcharles M. A., Esdaile J. M., Reactive fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1992 35 6 678 681 2-s2.0-0026651296 10.1002/art.1780350612
135. Sim J., Madden S., Illness experience in fibromyalgia syndrome: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. Social Science and Medicine 2008 67 1 57 67 2-s2.0-44349123310 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.003 (Pubitemid 351749506)
136. Schneider M. J., Brady D. M., Perle S. M., Commentary: differential diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome: proposal of a model and algorithm for patients presenting with the primary symptom of chronic widespread pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2006 29 6 493 501 2-s2.0-33746803245 10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.06.010 (Pubitemid 44175592)
137. Aaron L. A., Burke M. M., Buchwald D., Overlapping conditions among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and temporomandibular disorder. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000 160 2 221 227 2-s2.0-0034707662 (Pubitemid 30054342)
138. Aaron L. A., Buchwald D., A review of the evidence for overlap among unexplained clinical conditions. Annals of Internal Medicine 2001 134 9 868 881 2-s2.0-0035341150 (Pubitemid 32405695)
139. Gilliland B. C., Kasper D. L., Harrison T. R., Fibromyalgia, arthritis associated with systemic disease, and other arthritides. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2005 2 16th New York, NY, USA McGraw-Hill, Medical Publication Division 2055 2064
140. McBeth J., Mulvey M. R., Fibromyalgia: mechanisms and potential impact of the ACR, 2010 classification criteria. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 2012 8 108 116
141. Buskila D., Neumann L., Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) and nonarticular tenderness in relatives of patients with FM. Journal of Rheumatology 1997 24 5 941 944 2-s2.0-0030989985 (Pubitemid 27223632)
142. Fitzcharles M. A., Boulos P., Inaccuracy in the diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome: analysis of referrals. Rheumatology 2003 42 2 263 267 2-s2.0-0344837922 10.1093/rheumatology/keg075 (Pubitemid 36305612)
143. Choy E. H., Arnold L. M., Clauw D. J., Crofford L. J., Glass J. M., Simon L. S., Martin S. A., Strand C. V., Williams D. A., Mease P. J., Content and criterion validity of the preliminary core dataset for clinical trials in fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 2009 36 10 2330 2334 2-s2.0-70450208166 10.3899/jrheum.090368
144. Mease P. J., Arnold L. M., Bennett R., Boonen A., Buskila D., Carville S., Chappell A., Choy E., Clauw D., Dadabhoy D., Gendreau M., Goldenberg D., Littlejohn G., Martin S., Perera P., Russell I. J., Simon L., Spaeth M., Williams D., Crofford L., Fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 2007 34 6 1415 1425 2-s2.0-34250176930 (Pubitemid 46898129)
145. Mease P. J., Clauw D. J., Arnold L. M., Goldenberg D. L., Witter J., Williams D. A., Simon L. S., Strand C. V., Bramson C., Martin S., Wright T. M., Littman B., Wernicke J. F., Gendreau R. M., Crofford L. J., Fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology 2005 32 11 2270 2277 2-s2.0-27744590935 (Pubitemid 41587880)
146. Mease P. J., Clauw D. J., Gendreau R. M., Rao S. G., Kranzler J., Chen W., Palmer R. H., The efficacy and safety of milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Rheumatology 2009 36 2 398 409 2-s2.0-64849117499 10.3899/jrheum.080734
147. Wolfe F., Michaud K., Outcome and predictor relationships in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis: evidence concerning the continuum versus discrete disorder hypothesis. Journal of Rheumatology 2009 36 4 831 836 2-s2.0-66149122979 10.3899/jrheum.080897
148. Toda K., Preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia should be partially revised: comment on the article by Wolfe et al. Arthritis Care and Research 2011 63 2 308 309 2-s2.0-79551533799 10.1002/acr.20358
149. Wolfe F., Clauw D. J., Fitzcharles M. A., Goldenberg D. L., Häuser W., Katz R. S., Mease P., Russell A. S., Russell I. J., Winfield J. B., Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology 2011 38 6 1113 1122 2-s2.0-79957809749 10.3899/jrheum.100594
150. Bennett R. M., Jones J., Turk D. C., Russell I. J., Matallana L., An internet survey of 2,596 people with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2007 8, article 27 2-s2.0-33947366834 10.1186/1471-2474-8-27 (Pubitemid 46449873)
151. Arnold L. M., Strategies for managing fibromyalgia. American Journal of Medicine 2009 122 supplement 12 S31 S43 2-s2.0-70749146730 10.1016/j.amjmed. 2009.09.009
152. Goldenberg D. L., The interface of pain and mood disturbances in the rheumatic diseases. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2010 40 1 15 31 2-s2.0-77955279351 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.11.005
153. Häuser W., Thieme K., Turk D. C., Guidelines on the management of fibromyalgia syndrome-a systematic review. European Journal of Pain 2010 14 1 5 10 2-s2.0-72049123263 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.01.006
154. Mease P., Arnold L. M., Choy E. H., Clauw D. J., Crofford L. J., Glass J. M., Martin S. A., Morea J., Simon L., Strand C. V., Williams D. A., Fibromyalgia syndrome module at OMERACT 9: domain construct. Journal of Rheumatology 2009 36 10 2318 2329 2-s2.0-70450177636 10.3899/jrheum.090367
155. Farrar J. T., Young J. P., LaMoreaux L., Werth J. L., Poole R. M., Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain 2001 94 2 149 158 2-s2.0-0034748159 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00349-9 (Pubitemid 33016608)
156. Goldenberg D. L., Burckhardt C., Crofford L., Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004 292 19 2388 2395 2-s2.0-8544239393 10.1001/jama.292.19.2388 (Pubitemid 39491924)
157. Goldenberg D. L., Felson D. T., Dinerman H., A randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline and naproxen in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1986 29 11 1371 1377 2-s2.0-0022998505 (Pubitemid 17214038)
158. Wolfe F., Zhao S., Lane N., Preference for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs over acetaminophen by rheumatic disease patients: a survey of 1, 799 patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2000 43 378 385 (Pubitemid 30395747)
159. Goldenberg, Schaefer D. L., Ryan C., Chandran K., Zlateva Gergana A., What Is the true cost of fibromyalgia to our society: results from a cross-sectional survey in the United States. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2009 60, supplement 10 104
160. Carville S. F., Arendt-Nielsen S., Bliddal H., Blotman F., Branco J. C., Buskila D., Da Silva J. A. P., Danneskiold-Samsøe B., Dincer F., Henriksson C., Henriksson K. G., Kosek E., Longley K., McCarthy G. M., Perrot S., Puszczewicz M., Sarzi-Puttini P., Silman A., Späth M., Choy E. H., EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2008 67 4 536 541 2-s2.0-41849093775 10.1136/ard.2007.071522 (Pubitemid 351498437)
161. American Pain Society, Guideline for the Management of Pain in Fibromyalgia, American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guidelines Program. 2011, http://www.ampainsoc.org/
162. Clauw D. J., Pharmacotherapy for patients with fibromyalgia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2008 69 supplement 2 25 29 2-s2.0-45849093290
163. Biasi G., Manca S., Manganelli S., Marcolongo R., Tramadol in the fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 1998 18 1 13 19 2-s2.0-0031693130 (Pubitemid 28472883)
164. Bennett R. M., Kamin M., Karim R., Rosenthal N., Tramadol and acetaminophen combination tablets in the treatment of fibromyalgia pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Medicine 2003 114 7 537 545 2-s2.0-0037716856 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00116-5 (Pubitemid 36577256)
165. Llinares-Tello F., Escrivá-Moscardó S., Martínez-Pastor F., Martínez-Mascaraque P., Possible serotoninergia syndrome associated with coadministration of paroxetine tramadol. Medicina Clinica 2007 128 11 438 2-s2.0-34247472223 (Pubitemid 46649049)
166. Littlejohn G. O., Guymer E. K., Fibromyalgia syndrome: which antidepressant drug should we choose. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006 12 1 3 9 2-s2.0-33644855526 10.2174/138161206775193253
167. Arnold L. M., Duloxetine and other antidepressants in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Pain Medicine 2007 8 supplement 2 S63 S74 2-s2.0-34548099465 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00178.x (Pubitemid 47288512)
168. Holman A. J., Pragmatic consideration of recent randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials for treatment of fibromyalgia. Current Pain and Headache Reports 2008 12 6 393 398 2-s2.0-65249121996
169. Perahia D. G. S., Pritchett Y. L., Desaiah D., Raskin J., Efficacy of duloxetine in painful symptoms: an analgesic or antidepressant effect? International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2006 21 6 311 317 2-s2.0-33749315762 10.1097/01.yic.0000224782.83287.3c (Pubitemid 44498273)
170. Ware J. E., Sherbourne C. D., The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care 1992 30 6 473 483 2-s2.0-0026877917
171. Crofford L. J., Mease P. J., Simpson S. L., Young J. P., Martin S. A., Haig G. M., Sharma U., Fibromyalgia relapse evaluation and efficacy for durability of meaningful relief (FREEDOM): a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with pregabalin. Pain 2008 136 3 419 431 2-s2.0-43549104210 10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.027
172. Häuser W., Petzke F., Sommer C., Comparative efficacy and harms of duloxetine, milnacipran, and pregabalin in fibromyalgia syndrome. Journal of Pain 2010 11 6 505 521 2-s2.0-77952742362 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.01.002
173. Katz R. S., Wolfe F., Michaud K., Fibromyalgia diagnosis: a comparison of clinical, survey, and American College of Rheumatology criteria. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2006 54 1 169 176 2-s2.0-31044442025 10.1002/art.21533 (Pubitemid 43122199)
174. O'Malley P. G., Balden E., Tomkins G., Santoro J., Kroenke K., Jackson J. L., Treatment of fibromyalgia with antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2000 15 9 659 666 2-s2.0-0033770655 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.06279.x
175. Tofferi J. K., Jackson J. L., O'Malley P. G., Treatment of fibromyalgia with cyclobenzaprine: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Care and Research 2004 51 1 9 13 2-s2.0-1242269398 (Pubitemid 38222276)
176. Häuser W., Bernardy K., Üçeyler N., Sommer C., Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 2009 301 2 198 209 2-s2.0-58249090925 10.1001/jama.2008.944
177. Staud R., Treatment of fibromyalgia and its symptoms. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2007 8 11 1629 1642 2-s2.0-34548099816 10.1517/14656566.8.11. 1629 (Pubitemid 47288173)
178. Beliles K., Stoudemire A., Psychopharmacologic treatment of depression in the medically III. Psychosomatics 1998 39 3 S2 S19 2-s2.0-0031744947 (Pubitemid 28304867)
179. Goldenberg D. L., Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Practice and Research 2007 21 3 499 511 2-s2.0-34250885099 10.1016/j.berh.2007.02.012 (Pubitemid 46972004)
180. Hayden J. A., Van Tulder M. W., Tomlinson G., Systematic review: strategies for using exercise therapy to improve outcomes in chronic low back pain. Annals of Internal Medicine 2005 142 9 776 785 2-s2.0-17844378696 (Pubitemid 40593780)
181. Häkkinen A., Kautiainen H., Hannonen P., Ylinen J., Strength training and stretching versus stretching only in the treatment of patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized one-year follow-up study. Clinical Rehabilitation 2008 22 7 592 600 2-s2.0-55249125681 10.1177/0269215507087486
182. Jones K. D., Sherman C. A., Mist S. D., Carson J. W., Bennett R. M., Li F., A randomized controlled trial of 8-form Tai chi improves symptoms and functional mobility in fibromyalgia patients. Clinical Rheumatology 2012 31 8 1205 1214
183. Wang C., Schmid C. H., Rones R., Kalish R., Yinh J., Goldenberg D. L., Lee Y., McAlindon T., A randomized trial of tai chi for fibromyalgia. The New England Journal of Medicine 2010 363 8 743 754 2-s2.0-77955871815 10.1056/NEJMoa0912611
184. Li F., Harmer P., Fitzgerald K., Eckstrom E., Stock R., Galver J., Maddalozzo G., Batya S. S., Tai chi and postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 2012 366 511 519
185. Hydrotherapy Association of Chartered Physiotherapists, Guidance on good practice in hydrotherapy, Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, September 2006
186. Verhagen A. P., Cardoso J. R., Bierma-Zeinstra S. M., Aquatic exercise & balneotherapy in musculoskeletal conditions. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 2012 26 335 343
187. Sukenik S., Flusser D., Abu-Shakra M., The role of Spa therapy in various rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 1999 25 4 883 897 2-s2.0-0032700259 10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70108-3 (Pubitemid 29526287)
188. Bender T., Karagülle Z., Bálint G. P., Gutenbrunner C., Bálint P. V., Sukenik S., Hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa treatment in pain management. Rheumatology International 2005 25 3 220 224 2-s2.0-17744383758 10.1007/s00296-004-0487-4 (Pubitemid 40576790)
189. Fioravanti A., Cantarini L., Guidelli G. M., Galeazzi M., Mechanisms of action of spa therapies in rheumatic diseases: what scientific evidence is there? Rheumatology International 2011 31 1 1 8 2-s2.0-78751571320 10.1007/s00296-010-1628-6
190. Melzack R., Wall P. D., Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965 150 3699 971 979 2-s2.0-0013851199
191. McVeigh J. G., McGaughey H., Hall M., Kane P., The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the management of fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review. Rheumatology International 2008 29 2 119 130 2-s2.0-55949089638 10.1007/s00296-008-0674-9
192. Vlaeyen J. W. S., Teeken-Gruben N. J. G., Goossens M. E. J. B., Rutten-van Mölken M. P. M. H., Pelt R. A. G. B., Van Eek H., Heuts P. H. T. G., Cognitive-educational treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial. I Clinical effects. Journal of Rheumatology 1996 23 7 1237 1245 2-s2.0-0029680677
193. Turk D. C., Cognitive-behavioral approach to the Treatment of chronic pain patients. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2003 28 6 573 579 2-s2.0-0345357733 10.1016/S1098-7339(03)00392-4 (Pubitemid 37448955)
194. Thieme K., Gracely R. H., Are psychological treatments effective for fibromyalgia pain? Current Rheumatology Reports 2009 11 6 443 450 2-s2.0-72549086502 10.1007/s11926-009-0065-6
195. Munguía-Izquierdo D., Legaz-Arrese A., Exercise in warm water decreases pain and improves cognitive function in middle-aged women with fibromyalgia. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2007 25 6 823 830 2-s2.0-38649108220 (Pubitemid 351166432)
196. Tomas-Carus P., Gusi N., Häkkinen A., Häkkinen K., Leal A., Ortega-Alonso A., Eight months of physical training in warm water improves physical and mental health in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2008 40 4 248 252 2-s2.0-42649132796 10.2340/16501977-0168 (Pubitemid 351596984)
197. Gusi N., Tomas-Carus P., Cost-utility of an 8-month aquatic training for women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Research and Therapy 2008 10 1, article R24 2-s2.0-41149111100 10.1186/ar2377 (Pubitemid 351437045)
198. André-Obadia N., Peyron R., Mertens P., Mauguière F., Laurent B., Garcia-Larrea L., Transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain control. Double-blind study of different frequencies against placebo, and correlation with motor cortex stimulation efficacy. Clinical Neurophysiology 2006 117 7 1536 1544 2-s2.0-33745414759 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.025 (Pubitemid 43947706)
199. Graff-Guerrero A., González-Olvera J., Fresán A., Gómez-Martín D., Méndez-Núñez J. C., Pellicer F., Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increases tolerance to human experimental pain. Cognitive Brain Research 2005 25 1 153 160 2-s2.0-24644481457 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.05.002 (Pubitemid 41282792)
200. Nahmias F., Debes C., de Andrade D. C., Mhalla A., Bouhassira D., Diffuse analgesic effects of unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in healthy volunteers. Pain 2009 147 1-3 224 232 2-s2.0-70449642372 10.1016/j.pain.2009.09.016
201. Summers J., Johnson S., Pridmore S., Oberoi G., Changes to cold detection and pain thresholds following low and high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. Neuroscience Letters 2004 368 2 197 200 2-s2.0-4444277058 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.008 (Pubitemid 39194871)
202. Valmunen T., Pertovaara A., Taiminen T., Virtanen A., Parkkola R., Jääskeläinen S. K., Modulation of facial sensitivity by navigated rTMS in healthy subjects. Pain 2009 142 1-2 149 158 2-s2.0-60149083949 10.1016/j.pain.2008.12.031
203. Fregni F., Freedman S., Pascual-Leone A., Recent advances in the treatment of chronic pain with non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. Lancet Neurology 2007 6 2 188 191 2-s2.0-33846213970 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70032-7 (Pubitemid 46097544)
204. Lefaucheur J. P., The use ofrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) inchronic neuropathic pain. Neurophysiologie Clinique 2006 36 3 117 124 2-s2.0-33750034400 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.08.002 (Pubitemid 44566463)
205. Khedr E. M., Kotb H., Kamel N. F., Ahmed M. A., Sadek R., Rothwell J. C., Longlasting antalgic effects of daily sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in central and peripheral neuropathic pain. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2005 76 6 833 838 2-s2.0-20444397455 10.1136/jnnp.2004.055806 (Pubitemid 40805815)
206. Defrin R., Grunhaus L., Zamir D., Zeilig G., The effect of a series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations of the motor cortex on central pain after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2007 88 12 1574 1580 2-s2.0-36349004061 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.025 (Pubitemid 350151386)
207. Katayama Y., Yaniamoto T., Kobayashi K., Oshima H., Fukaya C., Deep brain and motor cortex stimulation for post-stroke movement disorders and post-stroke pain. Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplementum 2003 87 121 123 2-s2.0-0142213318
208. Nuti C., Peyron R., Garcia-Larrea L., Brunon J., Laurent B., Sindou M., Mertens P., Motor cortex stimulation for refractory neuropathic pain: four year outcome and predictors of efficacy. Pain 2005 118 1-2 43 52 2-s2.0-27644491501 10.1016/j.pain.2005.07.020 (Pubitemid 41566584)
209. Tsubokawa T., Katayama Y., Yamamoto T., Hirayama T., Koyama S., Chronic motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of central pain. Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplement 1991 52 137 139 2-s2.0-0026286784
210. Mhalla A., Baudic S., De Andrade D. C., Gautron M., Perrot S., Teixeira M. J., Attal N., Bouhassira D., Long-term maintenance of the analgesic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in fibromyalgia. Pain 2011 152 7 1478 1485 2-s2.0-79958731773 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.034
211. Park D. C., Glass J. M., Minear M., Crofford L. J., Cognitive function in fibromyalgia patients. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2001 44 2125 2133 (Pubitemid 33644057)